Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K31/00—Acyclic motors or generators, i.e. DC machines having drum or disc armatures with continuous current collectors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
  • H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
  • H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
  • H02K37/12—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
  • H02K37/14—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a rotary electric machine having a homopolar structure comprising a stator and a rotor rotating about the same axis of rotation as the stator, housed in a carcass, at least the stator or the rotor consisting of at least one coil annular electrical form carried by a magnetic annular yoke having at least two poles angularly offset equidistant from one another, these poles being constituted by lugs integral with said annular yoke and folded parallel to said axis.
• FIG. 1 shows the state of the prior art for this homopolar structure, in an octopole version, with a three-phase claw stator and a superficial magnet rotor.
• Another version may include a buried magnet rotor.
• Another version may include a polyphase stator, the phase number being any (greater than or equal to unity).
• Another version may include an inverted external rotor.
• FIG. 1 comprises three identical stators, which will be noted in this document phases when they are complete with their coil (c4, c5 or c6). Said stators are numbered (c1), (c2) and (c3). These slabs are out of phase with each other by an angle of about 30 ° mechanical.
• the angle (c10) is substantially 30 ° and the angle (c11) is substantially 60 °
• the angle (c10) corresponds substantially to one-third of the electric angle of the rotating machine, said electric angle being equal to 360 ° (one round) divided by the number of pairs of poles (four in this octopolar case).
• the angle (c11) is substantially double the angle (c10).
• angular offsets may be different, depending on the applications, but these variations are in the state of the prior art known, applied to other structures of rotating machinery in particular. They only serve to optimize the final machine.
• the rules for calculating the angular offsets between phase or respective stators are part of the state of the prior art.
• the stators (c1), (c2) and (c3) have a claw structure, which is characterized by an apparent undulation of the stator coils, noted respectively (c4), (c5) and (c6). ) around the X / Y rotation planes (c12) of each stator. Said undulation can be obtained by twisting of the stator teeth, as proposed by the patent BR 18075 / FR, or by encircling the coils (c4), (c5) and (c6) as proposed in the patent BR 18083 / FR.
• the stators (c1), (c2) and (c3) are all made in the same way, from two identical pancakes (b1) and (b2), enclosing a coil (b3).
• Said patties are assembled one on the other, in accordance with the patent BR 18083 / FR, so that their respective teeth (b4) and (b5) are substantially equidistant.
• the slab (b1) is placed on the slab (b2), as indicated by the arrow (b7).
• the contact areas (b30) between the wafers (b1) and (b2) must be correctly made in order to avoid undesirable magnetic gaps in the contact zone.
• this contact zone (b30) may not consist of a plane coplanar along X / Y (c12), but adopt any other shape such as a corrugation or a aliasing, which would allow the angular wedging relative of said patties (b1) and (b2).
• the wafer (b2) is angularly offset relative to the wafer (b1).
• Said stall angle (b6) is in the case of the stator of FIG. 2 substantially half of the electric angle of the machine, ie for this polarity of 14 pairs of poles shown in FIG. : 12.857 °.
• each tooth (b4) and (b5) form a complete electrical pole of the machine.
• the rotor may be of several types, synchronous, asynchronous or variable reluctance.
• the various embodiments known to date rotors are part of the state of the prior art, they all fit the presence of a set of claw stators, as described in Figure 1.
• Figures 1 and 2 are part of the state of the prior art. They include the inverted stator version, where the teeth (b4) and (b5) of the wafers (b1) and (b2) are located on the outer periphery, with a rotor which is located outside the stator.
• the state of the prior art clearly shows the interchangeability of the different elements of an electric rotary machine, particularly their relative position internal or external, as shown in Figure 4.
• the phase (d4) consisting of two slabs (d1) and (d2) can be located outside a room (e2), to form a machine single-phase homopolar rotation (e4).
• the phase (d4) consisting of two wafers (d1) and (d2) can be located inside a room (e3), to then form a single-phase homopolar rotating machine (e5).
• the axial juxtaposition of these complete machines (e4) or (e5), angularly offset by a suitable angle forms a polyphase rotating machine.
• the parts (d4), (e2) and (e3) can be static or rotating. If a part (d4) is rotating, it must then be fed by rings or any other system (rotating diodes for example).
• phase (d4) is then supplied with alternating current and according to so-called brushless control methods known to those skilled in the art.
• the combination (d4) static and (e3) with rotating magnets (or wound inductor), corresponds to a machine (e5) forming a so-called inverted synchronous machine.
• the phase (d4) is then supplied with alternating current and according to so-called known brushless control methods.
• the combination (e3) static and (d4) rotating corresponds to a machine (e5) forming a claw alternator, called Lundell, widely used in combustion engines.
• phase (d4) which can be inserted in the various configurations, which we have just mentioned.
• Said phase (d4) can be integrated in a rotating machine, personalized by parts (e2) or (e3).
• the final configuration of the machine which incorporates said phase (d4) concerns all the following end-use variants of the invention, plus those which are not mentioned which fall within the state of the prior art.
• variable reluctance machine with passive or active (magnetized) rotor.
• Single-phase, two-phase, three-phase or multiphase machine obtained by axially stacking elementary machines (e4) or (e5) correctly phase-shifted relative to one another by an electrical angle substantially equal to an electric lathe (360 ° divided by the number pairs of poles) divided by the number of phases, said angular phase shift being able to be created at the level of the rotor or the stator,
• Polyphase machine comprising at least one phase, where each electrical phase consists of several elementary machines (e4) or
• ⁇ polyphase machine comprising at least one phase, where the phases (d4) are all aligned angularly and where the phase difference phase is caused by rotation depending on the case, either magnets or wound inductors or conductors of the complementary piece (e2) or (e3)
• Polyphase machine comprising at least one phase, where the coils (b3) are divided into several distinct windings, themselves coupled from one phase to another in zig-zag, star, or triangle to form a complete polyphase machine
• the assembly can also form a static transformer, where all the parts (d4), (e2) and (e3) being static, form a static phase-shifter.
• FIG. 5 shows the path of the magnetic flux in a wafer (aO), corresponding to the state of the art.
• Said slab (aO) corresponds to either a slab (b1) or a slab (b2), the meeting of which forms a phase (d4).
• the magnetic flux Fd (a2) emitted by the combination of the rotor and stator flows is brought along the teeth (b4) or (b5), through a tooth root (a5) and a tooth leg (a3). ), to divide into two identical parts Fc (a1) at the outer yoke (a4).
• the space (a6) inter-teeth is empty.
• the state of the art consists of circulating the magnetic flux Fd (a2) radially along the tooth (a3), then to bring it back by the yoke (a1).
• An option to increase the section of the coil (b3) is to adopt a tooth shape, as described in Figure 9, where the phase is viewed from the inside, and unrolled flat.
• This figure 9 recognizes the two wafers (b1) and (b2) forming a phase (d4).
• the first known form (b12a) is rounded, it allows to bring the teeth angularly (b13a) without creating magnetic leaks.
• the second known form (b13b) sharp, can bring angularly even more teeth, without increasing magnetic leakage.
• the flow brought back by a tooth is optimized with respect to the section of the tooth.
• the lateral width of the walls of the slabs (b1) and (b2) can then be reduced, and the radial height left free for the coil (b3) is increased.
• teeth (b13a) and (b13b) make it possible to bring the teeth closer, and thus to deflect the magnetic flux Fd (a2) before it has reached the leg (a3), which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the pancake walls (b1) and (b2).
• said tooth shapes (b13a) and (b13b) have the defect of creating magnetic interactions at their points, in (b14a) and (b14b), via the opposite part (stator or rotor as appropriate). It then follows a significant loss of torque in the machine.
• the most astute way of increasing the torque provided by the phase (d4) is to adopt straight teeth (b4), which do not show magnetic leaks in (b14), but which make it necessary to resort to the invention described above. below, to obtain a sufficient coil section (b3).
• the teeth comprise a first portion, called a tooth leg (a3), extending radially with respect to the annular yoke (a4), and another portion, called a tooth root ( a5), extending parallel to the axis of the annular phase and connected at one end to the tooth leg by a bend. The other end is free and called tooth tip or tooth tip.
• the fact that the teeth are straight means that their tooth base (a5) has two opposite sides which are opposite the two adjacent teeth respectively, these two sides extending parallel to the axis of revolution of the breech (d4) along the entire length of the tooth root (a5).
• the teeth could be "almost straight" with these two sides extending parallel to the axis of revolution the breech at 10 °, preferably within 5 °, and / or at least 90% of the length of the tooth root, preferably at least 95%.
• FIG. 7 represents a detail of the optimization of the slab shape
• FIG. 8 shows the possibilities of drilling holes in the optimized slab
• FIG. 9 compares the tooth shapes between the state of the art and the invention
• the present invention shows in Figure 6 a particular embodiment of the tooth formed of its foot (a5) and its leg (a3), said embodiment redirects the flow in the junction plane between two consecutive teeth (a3), in order to him take a path other than radial. This results in an increase in the corresponding copper section available for the coil (b3).
• the flow Fd (a2) enters by the foot (a5) of each tooth, in the same way as described in FIG. 5. But as the space (a6) existing between two consecutive legs ( a3) of the tooth is filled by the magnetic material in place of the vacuum existing in Figure 5, the magnetic flux Fd (a2) is divided into two streams Fc (a), passing through the latter inter-tooth space (a6 ), before reaching by a twisted path the opposite tooth (a5a), belonging to the opposite slab of the phase (d4).
• FIG. 7 shows how to optimize in the design of the tooth formed of (a3) and (a5), the space (a7) situated between the different parts of the teeth of the slab (aO) and of the other slab (a8) stuck on (aO). It is essential that this space (a7) is sufficient, in order to limit the magnetic leakage between the two wafers (b1) and (b2), otherwise the magnetic interaction is reduced and the torque of the machine too.
• One embodiment of this optimization consists in practicing in the zone (a7) at the end of the foot (a5) of each tooth a recess that makes it possible to reduce the internal radius (a11) of the leg (a3) and thus to increase the coplanar section of said leg (a3). This trick makes it possible to further reduce the axial thickness (a10) of the leg (a3) and the radial thickness (a12) of the foot (a5), which consequently frees up more space for the spool (b3 ).
• the recess is at least 0.2 mm, more preferably at least 0.5 mm.
• FIG 8 shows how holes or notches (b9) or (b10) can be formed in the wafers (b1) and (b2).
• Said holes or notches (b9) or (b10) are intended to pass the supply son of the coil (b3), or to facilitate the passage of the overmolding resin, or to reduce the amount of material of the wafers ( b1) and (b2).
• Said holes are placed at places where the magnetic flux is reduced.
• said holes are located in front of a tooth at the position (b9).
• said holes are located on the outer diameter at (b10), in the form of half-holes, complementary to a wafer (b1) to the other (b2), which considerably simplifies the passage of the wire of the coil (b3). Any other shape or location of the holes is possible and possible.
• the present invention can be applied directly to a machine structure of type (e4) (so-called direct, phase (d4) external), or type (e5) (so-called inverted, phase (d4) internal).
• type (e4) so-called direct, phase (d4) external
• type (e5) so-called inverted, phase (d4) internal
• the passage from the description of this document, which exposes through its figures and explanations essentially the machine structure (e4), to the structure (e5), is obtained by performing a symmetrical radial transformation of the parts constituting the phases (d4 ), especially on the teeth (b4) and (b5), which then become external to the phase. The skilled person will perform this transposition without difficulty.

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• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-04-28 FR FR1001807A patent/FR2961037B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-04-28 EP EP11723530A patent/EP2564490A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-04-28 WO PCT/FR2011/050974 patent/WO2011135268A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-04-28 JP JP2013506719A patent/JP5859516B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-04-28 CN CN201180028905.4A patent/CN102948037B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-04-28 US US13/643,768 patent/US9337710B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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