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EP2553234A1 - An electrically assisted turbocharger - Google Patents

An electrically assisted turbocharger

Info

Publication number
EP2553234A1
EP2553234A1 EP11762049A EP11762049A EP2553234A1 EP 2553234 A1 EP2553234 A1 EP 2553234A1 EP 11762049 A EP11762049 A EP 11762049A EP 11762049 A EP11762049 A EP 11762049A EP 2553234 A1 EP2553234 A1 EP 2553234A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
gear
housing
shaft
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11762049A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2553234A4 (en
Inventor
Anders Kolstrup
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rotrex AS
Original Assignee
Rotrex AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rotrex AS filed Critical Rotrex AS
Publication of EP2553234A1 publication Critical patent/EP2553234A1/en
Publication of EP2553234A4 publication Critical patent/EP2553234A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05D2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclical, planetary or differential type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the prior art relates to a turbocharger for internal combustion engines and comprising a turbine wheel carried in a turbine housing to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, said turbine wheel being mounted on a shaft which extends through a gear housing, a compression impeller attached to the shaft opposite the turbine and carried within a compressor housing, and an electric motor as part of the turbine shaft.
  • the invention relates to the field of electrically assisted turbochargers and more particularly to the high speed group.
  • turbocharger has been the motor manufacturer's preferred choice when boosting an engine, but the reliance on exhaust gas contributes to an effect known as "turbo lag" in developing power in the engine for acceleration.
  • turbo lag increases and this pushes the development of electrically assisted turbocharger solutions.
  • This is remedied by means of an electric motor that can add energy to the spinning turbocharger independently of the actual exhaust energy.
  • the addition of the electric motor allows spin up of the rotor substantially instantaneously to match fuel and boost for the desired power output, with electrical power input being reduced as the exhaust energy becomes sufficient to sustain the necessary level of boost.
  • the extreme centrifugal forces acting on the rotor permanent magnets at a high shaft speed makes balancing and fixation very difficult in,,a durable solution.
  • the electric motor controller also becomes very expensive when it has to match high rotor speed. Further, the electric motor magnet degrades due to exposure to the extreme heat in the application.
  • the object of the invention It is the object of the invention to remedy these defects and drawbacks of known electrically assisted turbochargers, and this is achieved according to the invention when an epicyclical gear is mounted in a gear housing between the turbine housing and the compressor housing, said epicyclical gear being driven by a shaft with an incorporated electric motor, whose rotor is provided in the annulus of the gear, and whose stator is secured to the gear housing.
  • This ensures a reduction of the speed of the electric motor into well-known reliable territory, and provides optimal boost through the engine rpm range independently of the engine load condition.
  • the invention is also more cost effective, and the total length of the unit is reduced.
  • the epicyclical gear is of the traction drive type
  • the permanent magnet rotor may be rotationally locked to the annulus.
  • the electric motor rotor thus drives the rollers and thereby the turbine shaft. If the epicyclical gear is based on the principles described in US Patent No. 6,960,147, the size of the epicyclical gear may be reduced dramatically.
  • the turbine shaft is controlled by the rollers in an epicyclical gear, the accuracy of the shaft rotation is improved, and the high speed shaft sealings are more efficient. Since no bearings are fitted directly to the turbine shaft, the speed limit of the turbine shaft may be increased to that dictated by the much more slowly rotating roller bearings in the epicyclical gear. It is moreover expedient, as stated in claim 4, to add a water cooled section between the hot turbine and the electric motor, as the thermal effect on the permanent magnets is reduced.
  • the structure of the invention provides additional advantages. Since no axial forces act on the annulus/rotor, the stator in a special embodiment is capable of driving the rotor in a fixed axial position without any mechanical positioning means.
  • the electric motor which at the same time functions as a generator, can eliminate the need for waste gate control of the turbine shaft speed by transferring more electric energy to the battery, when high boost is not needed.
  • rollers in the epicycli- cal gear may be used without the annulus and electric motor instead of the normal bearings on a turbine shaft, to ensure a very accurate high speed control system.
  • fig. 1 is a full longitudinal cross-sectional view of the relevant compo- nents in the hybrid electric turbocharger
  • fig. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line ll-ll in fig. 1.
  • the turbocharger 3 and the compressor 2 are essentially conventional, may be a single or a double scroll, and with an epicyclical gear 4 mounted between the turbine 3 and the compressor 2.
  • the turbine 3 includes a turbine housing 13 attached to a gear housing 14 using a cooling plate 18 with cooling channels 23.
  • a compressor housing 16 is attached to the gear housing 14. Cooling water enters the channels 23 at 19 and exits at a connection 20. Cooled engine oil from the main gallery enters at pipe 21 and escapes through the drain 22.
  • the compressor housing 16 comprises a compressor wheel 17 mounted on the through shaft 48 for compressing the admitted air 15 indicated by arrows.
  • the rotor for the turbocharger 3 has a turbine wheel 32 carried within: the turbine housing 13. Exhaust gas enters the turbine housing through the volute 33 to flow trough the turbine blades 32 and exit through the outlet 36.
  • a heat shroud 46 is engaged between the turbine housing and the cooling plate 18.
  • the rotor shaft 48 has collars 49 and 50 which absorb the axial load.
  • Three rollers 51 rotatably positioned by bearings 52 position the rotor shaft with great accuracy.
  • the annulus 53 has a slight prespan securing torque transfer between the annulus and the turbine shaft.
  • the bearing 52 positioning geometry ensures a self-biasing torque transfer during increased speed.
  • the permanent magnets 54 attached to the annulus 53 have collars 55 which lock the magnets 54 to the annulus 53 and at the same time allow the annulus 53 to flex during the rotation.
  • the stator 56 is locked into the gear housing 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

An electrically assisted turbocharger (1) having its rotor shaft (48) radially and axially rotationally positioned by planet rollers (51) in an epicyclical gear (4). This ensures a very accurate spin of the turbine shaft (48) speed. The rotor (54) from the electric motor is attached to the annulus (53) of an epicyclical gear (4). This reduces the rotor (54) speed and the thermal load. The electric motor may also function as a generator. The generator function eliminates the need for a waste gate control of the turbine shaft (48) speed.

Description

AN ELECTRICALLY ASSISTED TURBOCHARGER
The prior art The invention relates to a turbocharger for internal combustion engines and comprising a turbine wheel carried in a turbine housing to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, said turbine wheel being mounted on a shaft which extends through a gear housing, a compression impeller attached to the shaft opposite the turbine and carried within a compressor housing, and an electric motor as part of the turbine shaft.
The invention relates to the field of electrically assisted turbochargers and more particularly to the high speed group. The increasing crude oil prices, the focus on limitations in the natural reserves and greenhouse gas emission concerns, put focus on combustion engine consumption and emission.
The most efficient way to reduce fuel consumption known today is to use boosted engines with reduced capacity.
By doing so, the internal friction and pump losses are reduced, and the combustion takes place at a higher and more efficient mean pressure. Up to now the turbocharger has been the motor manufacturer's preferred choice when boosting an engine, but the reliance on exhaust gas contributes to an effect known as "turbo lag" in developing power in the engine for acceleration.
When downsizing an engine the turbo lag increases and this pushes the development of electrically assisted turbocharger solutions. This is remedied by means of an electric motor that can add energy to the spinning turbocharger independently of the actual exhaust energy. The addition of the electric motor allows spin up of the rotor substantially instantaneously to match fuel and boost for the desired power output, with electrical power input being reduced as the exhaust energy becomes sufficient to sustain the necessary level of boost.
A system is known from US 6,449,950 B1 , where the rotor is part of the turbine shaft. This adds to the shaft length, and because of the high speed , an expensive balancing and accuracy are necessary.
The extreme centrifugal forces acting on the rotor permanent magnets at a high shaft speed makes balancing and fixation very difficult in,,a durable solution. The electric motor controller also becomes very expensive when it has to match high rotor speed. Further, the electric motor magnet degrades due to exposure to the extreme heat in the application.
The object of the invention It is the object of the invention to remedy these defects and drawbacks of known electrically assisted turbochargers, and this is achieved according to the invention when an epicyclical gear is mounted in a gear housing between the turbine housing and the compressor housing, said epicyclical gear being driven by a shaft with an incorporated electric motor, whose rotor is provided in the annulus of the gear, and whose stator is secured to the gear housing. This ensures a reduction of the speed of the electric motor into well-known reliable territory, and provides optimal boost through the engine rpm range independently of the engine load condition. The invention is also more cost effective, and the total length of the unit is reduced. When according to claim 2, the epicyclical gear is of the traction drive type, the permanent magnet rotor may be rotationally locked to the annulus. The electric motor rotor thus drives the rollers and thereby the turbine shaft. If the epicyclical gear is based on the principles described in US Patent No. 6,960,147, the size of the epicyclical gear may be reduced dramatically.
When, according to claim 3, the turbine shaft is controlled by the rollers in an epicyclical gear, the accuracy of the shaft rotation is improved, and the high speed shaft sealings are more efficient. Since no bearings are fitted directly to the turbine shaft, the speed limit of the turbine shaft may be increased to that dictated by the much more slowly rotating roller bearings in the epicyclical gear. It is moreover expedient, as stated in claim 4, to add a water cooled section between the hot turbine and the electric motor, as the thermal effect on the permanent magnets is reduced.
Further, the structure of the invention provides additional advantages. Since no axial forces act on the annulus/rotor, the stator in a special embodiment is capable of driving the rotor in a fixed axial position without any mechanical positioning means.
The electric motor, which at the same time functions as a generator, can eliminate the need for waste gate control of the turbine shaft speed by transferring more electric energy to the battery, when high boost is not needed.
It is a further object of the present invention to have the possibility of using a larger turbine with reduced exhaust gas temperature without having turbo lag. Using the more open turbine house minimizes the exhaust backpres- sure and increases efficiency.
It is a still further object of the present invention to keep the total size and weight of the turbocharger as small as possible. The rollers in the epicycli- cal gear may be used without the annulus and electric motor instead of the normal bearings on a turbine shaft, to ensure a very accurate high speed control system.
The drawing
An example of an embodiment of a turbocharger according to the invention will be described more fully below with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a full longitudinal cross-sectional view of the relevant compo- nents in the hybrid electric turbocharger,
fig. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line ll-ll in fig. 1.
Description of an exemplary embodiment In the following, the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the attached drawings. Throughout this description, the preferred embodiment and examples shown should be considered as examples, rather than as limitations of the present invention. As used herein, the "present invention" refers to any one of the embodiments of the invention described herein and any equivalents. Furthermore, reference to various feature(s) of the "present invention" throughout this document does not mean that all claimed embodiments or methods must include the referenced feature(s). Referring now to the drawing, a hybrid turbocharger 1 is illustrated and generally designated by the reference numerals 2 - 4. The turbocharger 3 and the compressor 2 are essentially conventional, may be a single or a double scroll, and with an epicyclical gear 4 mounted between the turbine 3 and the compressor 2. The turbine 3 includes a turbine housing 13 attached to a gear housing 14 using a cooling plate 18 with cooling channels 23. A compressor housing 16 is attached to the gear housing 14. Cooling water enters the channels 23 at 19 and exits at a connection 20. Cooled engine oil from the main gallery enters at pipe 21 and escapes through the drain 22.
The compressor housing 16 comprises a compressor wheel 17 mounted on the through shaft 48 for compressing the admitted air 15 indicated by arrows. The rotor for the turbocharger 3 has a turbine wheel 32 carried within: the turbine housing 13. Exhaust gas enters the turbine housing through the volute 33 to flow trough the turbine blades 32 and exit through the outlet 36. In the embodiment shown, a heat shroud 46 is engaged between the turbine housing and the cooling plate 18. The rotor shaft 48 has collars 49 and 50 which absorb the axial load. Three rollers 51 rotatably positioned by bearings 52 position the rotor shaft with great accuracy. The annulus 53 has a slight prespan securing torque transfer between the annulus and the turbine shaft. Preferably, the bearing 52 positioning geometry ensures a self-biasing torque transfer during increased speed.
The permanent magnets 54 attached to the annulus 53 have collars 55 which lock the magnets 54 to the annulus 53 and at the same time allow the annulus 53 to flex during the rotation. The stator 56 is locked into the gear housing 14.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. A turbocharger for internal combustion engines, comprising a turbine wheel carried in a turbine housing to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, said turbine wheel being mounted on a shaft which extends through a gear housing, a compression impeller attached to the shaft opposite the turbine and car- ried within a compressor housing, and an electric motor as part of the turbine shaft, ch a racterized in that an epicyclical gear (4) is mounted in a gear housing (14) between the turbine housing (13) and the compressor housing (16), said epicyclical gear being driven by the incorporated electric motor, whose rotor (54) is provided in the annulus (53) of the gear, and whose stator (56) is secured to the gear housing (14).
2. A turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet of the rotor (54) is rotationally locked to the annulus (53).
3. A turbocharger according to claim ^ characterized in that the shaft (48) is rotated by the rollers (51) in the gear (4).
4. A turbocharger according to claims 1 and 2, ch aracte rized in that cooling channels (23) are provided in the walls (18) between the turbine housing (13) and the gear housing (14).
EP11762049.2A 2010-03-31 2011-03-10 An electrically assisted turbocharger Withdrawn EP2553234A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201000270 2010-03-31
PCT/DK2011/000016 WO2011120520A1 (en) 2010-03-31 2011-03-10 An electrically assisted turbocharger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2553234A1 true EP2553234A1 (en) 2013-02-06
EP2553234A4 EP2553234A4 (en) 2016-07-06

Family

ID=44711372

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11762049.2A Withdrawn EP2553234A4 (en) 2010-03-31 2011-03-10 An electrically assisted turbocharger

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2553234A4 (en)
WO (1) WO2011120520A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8561403B2 (en) 2008-08-05 2013-10-22 Vandyne Super Turbo, Inc. Super-turbocharger having a high speed traction drive and a continuously variable transmission
CN103370560B (en) 2010-12-23 2016-04-13 范戴尼超级涡轮有限公司 Symmetrical traction drive, machinery-turbosupercharger and in symmetrical traction drive, transmit the method for rotating mechanical energy
MX341766B (en) * 2011-01-19 2016-09-01 Vandyne Superturbo Inc High torque traction drive.
US9670832B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-06 Vandyne Superturbo, Inc. Thrust absorbing planetary traction drive superturbo
US10718259B2 (en) 2018-10-19 2020-07-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for controlling engine torque reserve
US20210108573A1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-15 General Electric Company Gas turbine engine booster configuration and methods of operation

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US2344078A (en) * 1939-05-23 1944-03-14 Brissonnet Pierre Transmission
US6449950B1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2002-09-17 Honeywell International Inc. Rotor and bearing system for electrically assisted turbocharger
US20020096156A1 (en) * 2001-01-19 2002-07-25 Joseph Palazzolo Multi-speed gear arrangement for a centrifugal engine charger
RU2193674C1 (en) * 2001-10-29 2002-11-27 Общевойсковая Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации Device for adjusting weight delivery of air into diesel engine
GB2390871B (en) * 2002-07-16 2005-11-16 Drivetec Automotive superchargers
KR20040031221A (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-13 현대자동차주식회사 Turbo charger of engine in vehicles
US20070137626A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 David Turner Engine supercharging system
KR100774349B1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2007-11-08 현대자동차주식회사 Variable Speed Compression Supercharging System Using Planetary Gears
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2553234A4 (en) 2016-07-06
WO2011120520A1 (en) 2011-10-06

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