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EP2550484B1 - A method and device for controlling the quality of combustion in a burner - Google Patents

A method and device for controlling the quality of combustion in a burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2550484B1
EP2550484B1 EP11721107.8A EP11721107A EP2550484B1 EP 2550484 B1 EP2550484 B1 EP 2550484B1 EP 11721107 A EP11721107 A EP 11721107A EP 2550484 B1 EP2550484 B1 EP 2550484B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
value
flow rate
current
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11721107.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2550484A2 (en
Inventor
Bruno Giordano
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IDEA SpA
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IDEA SpA
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Publication of EP2550484A2 publication Critical patent/EP2550484A2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/06—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with draught
    • F23N1/062—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/10—Fail safe for component failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/12—Fail safe for ignition failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/02—Ventilators in stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/04—Heating water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties

Definitions

  • the present invention regards a method and a device for controlling the quality of combustion in a burner in general, especially for use in atmospheric boilers with closed chamber of so-called "C"-type.
  • an air pressure switch is used which requires the prearrangement of mechanical securing components to the boiler, the electrical connection with a circuit board, the pneumatic connection with the fan, and a Venturi tube for the fan.
  • problems of condensate formation occur in the Venturi apparatus, which compromise its functioning.
  • an air pressure switch in an atmospheric boiler once a predetermined air pressure threshold is reached, reacts in a manner entirely independent of the flow rate of the combustible gas.
  • a system of fault detection in a warm air furnace is disclosed in US-2005/0284463 and comprises a sensing circuit designed to measure a level of current which depends on the amount of AC loading (e.g. the ignition element, the fan, the inducer and/or other loadings, such as a low voltage transformer or the like) applied thereto.
  • the measured level of current consumption is measured at different times during the operation sequence of the furnace and is compared with an expected value. If the measured current level exceeds the expected value by a threshold amount, a fault in the furnace can be detected and an indication of at least one warm air furnace component that is most likely to have caused the fault can be provided.
  • US-5 906 440 teaches a method of controlling an induced fan for use in gas furnaces. Such a method requires measurement of the current absorbed by the fan and the electromotive force produced thereby. The flow rate of the combustive air is then controlled by varying the fan speed in response to the fan measured current and electromotive force. The drawback of this method is that the control of the fan speed is quite complicated to be carried out.
  • the device 1 also comprises signal converter units or circuits 7 and 8, which receive, in input, the output control signals from the microprocessor 3, and in particular from the management and adjustment unit 6 and directed towards the electric valve EV, and they convert them in order to determine the limit thresholds, as explained below.
  • the first converter circuit 7 is set to convert the acquired signals into corresponding threshold values correlated with respective flame ionization current values and to send them, in input, to a first comparator circuit or means 9, while the second converter circuit 8 is set to convert the output signals acquired in input from the microprocessor into respective threshold values of supply voltage V of the fan and of current AC absorbed by the motor of the electric fan F and to transmit them in input to a second 10 and a third 11 comparator circuit or means.
  • the device 1 also comprises sensor means, such as an electrode 12 of any suitable type, suitably arranged in the combustion chamber CC of the burner BR so as to be immersed in the flame after the lighting of the burner itself; it is thus able to detect the actual value of the ionization current of the flame Fl in the combustion chamber and to produce output electrical signals.
  • the electrode 12 is in external communication with a transducer circuit or means 13 (typically a microammeter or very sensitive ammeter of any suitable type), which is set to transform the thermal stresses on the electrode 12 into corresponding electrical signals; such signals are sent in input to the first comparator circuit or means 9.
  • the comparator circuit 9 will compare, in use, the signals received in input coming from the transducer circuit 13, representative of the actual ionization current of the flame FI, with threshold signals coming from the converter circuit 7 in order to produce corresponding output signals to be transmitted in input to the acquisition and processing unit 4.
  • the voltage applied on the electrode can be between 170 Volt AC and 1000 Volt AC, such that the detection of flame ionization current is not affected by the aging of the electrode or by dirt accumulated on the electrode itself, since the measuring error deriving from such phenomena would not be perceptible by the measurement instrument.
  • the measurement units 14 and 15 in use, emit output signals which are applied in input to a respective comparator circuit or means 10 and 11.
  • the comparator circuit 10 is set to carry out the comparison between supply voltage signals V coming from the measurement unit 14 and threshold signals received from the converter circuit 8 in order to produce output signals that are applied to an input of the acquisition and processing unit 4, whereas the comparator circuit 11 compares, in use, absorbed current signals AC coming from the measurement unit 15 in order to produce output signals which are applied to another input of the acquisition and processing unit 4.
  • the detected absorbed current can be alternating current or direct current. More particularly, it is possible: a) to detect the alternating current and, e. g. by means of a current transformer, also obtain direct current; b) to detect the alternating current by means of a shunt device; or c) to detect the alternating current and the displacement between current and voltage.
  • the time cycle considered for this calculation is half the cycle of the mains frequency (e.g. 50 Hz).
  • the supply voltage V of the motor of the fan F is processed by a voltage divider block (not illustrated in the drawings) so that the output signal of the voltage divider block is a voltage V out proportional to the supply voltage V of the fan motor.
  • V out is then converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter (also not illustrated in the drawings) and its effective value V eff is determined.
  • the absorbed current signal is proportional to the voltage drop at a shunt device that is connected in series with the fan motor.
  • the current signal is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter and then the effective value I eff is calculated.
  • the effective current value I eff thus obtained depends on the motor winding temperature and the frequency. Such a dependence is reduced to a negligible effect by correcting I eff with respective correction factors.
  • correction factors are defined during the "characterization" procedure of the fan F which is carried out at a design stage.
  • the "characterization" procedure of fan F comprises the steps of determining a specific correction factor for any temperature that the motor winding can reach, and a correction factor for any frequency.
  • the motor windings temperature can be obtained by applying a temperature sensor means directly to the motor winding or, for example, by measuring the electrical resistance of the winding.
  • a known voltage can be applied to the series formed by the motor winding and a known resistance.
  • An electrical divider is thus obtained and, by measuring the voltage drop at the winding, the resistance value of the winding can be derived. Given the resistance, the temperature of the motor winding can be calculated in a known way.
  • the frequency correction factor can be stored in a table or calculated in any suitable way starting from the number of samples used for calculating the effective current and voltage values.
  • the acquisition and processing unit 4 detects an irregular functioning condition, i.e. if, on the basis of the signals received from one of the comparator circuits 9, 10 or 11, it detects that the flame ionization current Fl or the supply voltage V of the fan F or the current absorbed AC from the motor of the fan F exceeds the respective working threshold value established by one of the converter circuits 7, 8, it produces an output signal which is applied in input to the management and adjustment unit 6, which will produce a corresponding output control signal to be sent to the electric valve EV.
  • Such control signal can be a complete closure signal of the electric valve EV, so as to stop the functioning of the burner, or it can be a modulation signal of the opening/closing of the electric valve or, alternatively, it can also be a control signal for an acoustic or light alarm device, or for a remote warning device of any suitable type.
  • a so-called "safety" cycle is initially carried out, aimed to verify the correct functioning of the motor of the fan F and of the fan F itself while the burner is turned off.
  • a prewashing step is achieved of the combustion chamber CC of the burner BR, in order to avoid that an unburned gas saturation situation occurs at the time of burner lighting.
  • characterization curves are obtained of the fan by varying the supply voltage (V) and detecting the corresponding current absorbed (AC) by the motor of the fan F (see Figure 2 where the absorbed current AC is illustrated as a function of the supply voltage V).
  • a second curve is obtained, curve B, by blocking the rotation of the wheel of the fan F, such that the flow rate of combustive air is equal to zero, since the fan F does not function.
  • V n of the motor of the fan F the corresponding current absorbed AC by the motor is greater than that of the preceding case.
  • a linear curve progression is obtained.
  • the characterization procedure of the fan F then provides for a second step during which, with the burner on, among the possible flow rates of combustible gas supplied to the burner BR, the minimum supply voltage is identified that ensures a flow rate of combustive air sufficient to guarantee correct combustion.
  • the device 1 carries out two controls:
  • the current absorbed AC by the motor of the fan F is detected (block 307) and the detected value is compared in the comparator circuit 11 in order to establish if it falls within the pre-established working range (block 308), i.e. if it diverges from the nominal functioning value. If the absorbed current AC diverges from the nominal functioning value by an interval greater than the working range, the signal acquisition and processing unit 6 produces an output error signal which prevents the lighting of the burner BR (block 306); otherwise, the lighting of the burner BR (block 309) is commanded.
  • the device 1 can ensure the control of the burner and more particularly that the flow rate of combustive air is sufficient for guaranteeing that the percentage of unburned gases (like CO) is less than a threshold value. It can accomplish this in different ways, i.e. by monitoring:
  • the method for monitoring or controlling the supply voltage V and the current absorbed AC by the motor of the fan is similar to that described above with reference to the characterization procedure of the fan (see blocks 304 and 307, in particular).
  • the value of the flame ionization current is evaluated or monitored, in particular the detected value is used for controlling if there is a sufficient combustive air flow rate for ensuring good combustion (the closest possible to that stoichiometric).
  • the flame ionization current FI is then measured by means of the transducer means 13, evaluating the excess air index ⁇ .
  • the index ⁇ is never less than 1.2 - 1.3 and the normal functioning area Al is indicated with a dotted area.
  • the device 1 When the device 1 functions in work conditions corresponding to the area Al, if the combustive air flow rate decreases, the excess air index ⁇ decreases and the flame ionization current Fl correspondingly increases.
  • the value of the flame ionization current detected by the sensor means 12, 13 exceeds a specific threshold, this means that the air flow rate through the duct DT2 has become insufficient for a correct and safe combustion, so that the signal acquisition and processing unit 6 closes the electric valve EV and turns off the burner BR.
  • threshold is determined during the characterization process or routine of the burner BR carried out during construction. Its value is corrected during periodic calibration processes in order to adapt it to the changing operating conditions of the device 1.
  • the characterization procedure is carried out of the burner in order to determine the threshold curve corresponding to every possible combustible gas, curve which identifies the correct functioning of the burner BR.
  • the curve D represents the expected value of the ionization current in normal functioning conditions, i.e. the link between the flame ionization current FI and the excess air index ⁇ for the particular burner-boiler model.
  • an optimal excess air index value is set, then for each combustible gas flow rate the corresponding flame ionization current Fl is measured.
  • corresponding pairs of combustible gas flow rate values and ionization current values Fl are obtained, reported in Figure 5 .
  • the curve E instead represents the threshold value for each modulation level of the combustible gas flow rate.
  • a combustible gas flow rate value decreases the combustive air flow rate and simultaneously detect, by means of the analyzer FA, the percentage of polluting substances such as carbon monoxide (CO) in the burner exhaust gases.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • the threshold values of the carbon monoxide must be such to ensure that the quantity of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust fumes remains less than 0.1% in any functioning condition, as established by current laws on the matter.
  • the curve F instead represents the minimum flame ionization current capable of allowing the detection of the flame presence.
  • the curves that are identified during the characterization procedure of the burner are related to optimal functioning conditions. Nevertheless, with the passage of time, phenomena can be verified (such as the aging of the electrode, the deposition of soot, the presence of impurities in the air or the formation of condensate) which can bring the aforesaid curves to "drift" with respect to the nominal values, i.e. that given the same combustible gas flow rate, lower flame ionization current values are obtained.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP11721107.8A 2010-03-23 2011-03-22 A method and device for controlling the quality of combustion in a burner Active EP2550484B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITVR2010A000056A IT1399076B1 (it) 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Dispositivo e metodo di controllo della portata di aria comburente di un bruciatore in genere
PCT/IB2011/051192 WO2011117810A2 (en) 2010-03-23 2011-03-22 A method and device for controlling the combustive air flow rate of a burner in general.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2550484A2 EP2550484A2 (en) 2013-01-30
EP2550484B1 true EP2550484B1 (en) 2019-01-23

Family

ID=43333085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11721107.8A Active EP2550484B1 (en) 2010-03-23 2011-03-22 A method and device for controlling the quality of combustion in a burner

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2550484B1 (es)
ES (1) ES2720449T3 (es)
IT (1) IT1399076B1 (es)
TR (1) TR201905478T4 (es)
WO (1) WO2011117810A2 (es)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016156566A (ja) * 2015-02-25 2016-09-01 リンナイ株式会社 燃焼装置
DE102018114355A1 (de) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners
DE102020107735A1 (de) 2020-03-20 2021-09-23 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennereinrichtung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5971745A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-10-26 Gas Research Institute Flame ionization control apparatus and method
US20020048737A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-04-25 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Regulating device for an air ratio-regulated burner

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63176920A (ja) * 1987-01-19 1988-07-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃焼器具の排気装置
JPH0745930B2 (ja) * 1987-04-28 1995-05-17 パロマ工業株式会社 ガス燃焼機器の空燃比制御装置
JPS63318420A (ja) * 1987-06-19 1988-12-27 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃焼制御装置
FR2638819A1 (fr) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-11 Vaillant Sarl Procede et un dispositif pour la preparation d'un melange combustible-air destine a une combustion
JP2683125B2 (ja) * 1989-12-13 1997-11-26 株式会社ハーマン 燃焼装置
JPH04136611A (ja) * 1990-09-27 1992-05-11 Dainichi Kogyo Kk 燃焼制御装置
US5524556A (en) * 1995-06-09 1996-06-11 Texas Instruments Incorporated Induced draft fan control for use with gas furnaces
ATE189301T1 (de) * 1995-10-25 2000-02-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und schaltung zur regelung eines gasbrenners
JP3362618B2 (ja) 1996-12-24 2003-01-07 松下電器産業株式会社 動圧軸受
AT411189B (de) * 2002-01-17 2003-10-27 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines gasbrenners
US7123020B2 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-10-17 Honeywell International Inc. System and method of fault detection in a warm air furnace

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5971745A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-10-26 Gas Research Institute Flame ionization control apparatus and method
US20020048737A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-04-25 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Regulating device for an air ratio-regulated burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201905478T4 (tr) 2019-05-21
ES2720449T3 (es) 2019-07-22
WO2011117810A3 (en) 2011-12-01
WO2011117810A8 (en) 2012-04-12
IT1399076B1 (it) 2013-04-05
WO2011117810A2 (en) 2011-09-29
ITVR20100056A1 (it) 2011-09-24
EP2550484A2 (en) 2013-01-30

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