EP2524852B1 - Method and device for monitoring a section of a rail - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring a section of a rail Download PDFInfo
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- EP2524852B1 EP2524852B1 EP11166371.2A EP11166371A EP2524852B1 EP 2524852 B1 EP2524852 B1 EP 2524852B1 EP 11166371 A EP11166371 A EP 11166371A EP 2524852 B1 EP2524852 B1 EP 2524852B1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
- B61L1/18—Railway track circuits
- B61L1/181—Details
- B61L1/188—Use of coded current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
- B61L1/18—Railway track circuits
- B61L1/181—Details
- B61L1/187—Use of alternating current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a track section, run on the rail vehicles, such as passenger trains and freight trains.
- Devices for monitoring a track section are, for example, from [1], R. Hämmerli, The Principles of Railway Safety Systems, Vol. 1, Swiss Federal Railways SBB, February 1990 , known.
- track circuits are described, which serve the automatic free and occupancy report of track sections.
- mutually insulated rails of the track are included in a circuit in which the difference in resistance or impedance between the two rails is measured and evaluated in free or occupied track.
- the reliability of the measurement of the condition of a track section is dependent on various factors, such as the minimum ballast resistance of the track, the maximum short circuit resistance when occupying the track section by vehicle axles, ie the limit resistance between the rails, which must be displayed as occupancy in the most unfavorable conditions.
- the resulting upon occupancy shunt sensitivity is the more favorable, the farther the limits of the said resistors are apart.
- the minimum ballast resistance for a track is about 2.5 ohms / km and the maximum short circuit resistance for track sections over 300 meters is about 0.5 ohms. It should be noted that the said resistors are influenced by atmospheric conditions, which complicate the measurement only the occupancy of the track section.
- the switch opens, so that the current is interrupted by the shunt resistor. If the short circuit resistance formed by the wheel axle and the wheels is sufficiently deep, the impedance changes depending on the position of the rail vehicle. On the other hand, if the short circuit resistance is too high, an increased impedance will be measured after opening the switch. In both cases, with increased and reduced impedance, a busy condition is detected. Overall, a busy condition can therefore be detected with increased security.
- the speed of the rail vehicle can be determined by monitoring the change in impedance and time. Depending on the speed of the rail vehicle, the position of the rail vehicle is subsequently determined.
- the determination of precise and reliable information on a rail section reported as occupied would make it possible to make better use of this rail section and, for example, to simultaneously accommodate two or more trains in the rail section.
- the route network could therefore be used at a higher density and better used. That is, previously unused temporal reserves can be determined and used.
- radio-location methods are used in practice in which the radio traffic is evaluated to stationary radio stations, transponders or beacons or satellites, and position data are precisely determined.
- the US2008296441A1 discloses a system for detecting rail vehicles and track breaks. For this purpose, in various zones of a track section, circuit arrangements with a voltage source and a current sensor are installed, which are connected via control lines and measuring lines to a control unit.
- the WO2007134995A1 discloses a device for detecting the occupancy or free status of a track section by means of track circuits, which are divided into over half their length overlapping sections.
- the FR2731974A1 discloses a device for detecting the occupancy or free status of a track section with a transmitting device which transmits signals via the track section to a receiver.
- the WO2007134992A1 discloses a device for detecting the occupancy or free status of a track section by means of a track circuit, in which capacitors are connected in parallel between the rails in order to compensate for the inductances of the rail.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device for monitoring track sections, in which the disadvantages described above are avoided.
- an easily manageable method and a device which can be realized with little effort are to be provided by means of which the position and / or the speed of one or more rail vehicles can be determined in at least one track section.
- the railway network and its Facilities and the vehicles and resources to use more efficient and to control the driving operation more advantageous, so that energy savings are possible.
- the method is used to monitor track sections traveled by rail vehicles, which have two parallel rails with mutually insulated rail sections and at least one coupling point and coupling point, via the at least one measuring device query signals in at least one of the track sections to be monitored and can couple out response signals from it.
- the interrogation signals are coupled into the at least one coupling-in point and the response signals are decoupled from the at least one coupling-out point and the track section is subdivided into one or more sectors, in which at least one answering module is connected to or interposed between the two rail sections, which is arranged by the measuring device supplied individually changed signals or emits individual response signals to the rail sections, which are detected by the measuring device, tested and assigned to a corresponding occupancy state.
- the inventive method allows the determination of the occupancy state of the at least one track section.
- the method provides not only the answer to whether the track section is occupied or not or whether a rail vehicle is retracted in the track section, but a mapping of the occupancy state of the track section with arbitrarily high resolution and status information on compositions of rail vehicles.
- the method can be used to determine how many rail vehicles or vehicle compositions retracted into the track section, which distances between the retracted rail vehicles are present, and which have length retracted train compositions. Furthermore, it is possible to detect changes in a train composition which occur when a rail vehicle is decoupled. In addition, information such as the simple occupancy of the track section, the number of retracted into the track section and therefrom extended vehicle axles, and the speeds of the individual rail vehicles can be measured.
- a track section can therefore be used more efficiently and safely.
- the functionality of the device is scalable, so that the desired information can be obtained for each rail section.
- a measuring device can monitor one or more track sections of one or more lanes, whereby the use of funds can be made economical.
- the device is simple and requires only stationary installed device parts. Communication with the rail vehicles is not required, which is why the system is easy to control and communication problems can be avoided.
- the device according to the invention is compatible with known safety systems as they are used today. That is, the inventive device can be adapted to existing communication systems with little effort to gain further information that is desirable for the user, for the determination of the occupancy state, however, not mandatory.
- the device according to the invention fits in ideally with existing systems and can be used where track sections should be better used and / or better protected with little effort.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to Almost determine simple occupancy conditions even with a low level of equipment.
- the condition of a monitored track section can be checked in detail in order to ensure the functionality and to locate any defects and to introduce timely maintenance measures.
- the inventive device can also be configured redundant, so that the failure of individual elements of the device does not jeopardize the operation of the system and the maintenance can be performed at an appropriate time.
- the invention is based on the idea of feeding interrogation signals into the rail section, which are changed as a function of the function of the response modules and as a function of the occupancy state of the track section.
- active and / or passive response modules can be provided, to which a DC voltage, an AC voltage with a constant frequency, an AC voltage with multiple frequencies, an AC voltage with changing frequency or an AC voltage pulse can be supplied.
- response modules can be used in which individual messages are transmitted permanently or only when the track section is occupied by the measuring device.
- inductive radio equipment can be used, for example, in [8], Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook, 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff 2002, are described (see eg pages 29-62 ).
- RFID systems with write and read ranges up to about 1 m are subordinated to the term "remote coupling systems" which almost exclusively involve inductive (magnetic) coupling of reader and transponder and frequencies typically in the ranges of 135 kHz, 13.56 MHz or 27.125 MHz, in which the wavelengths are many times greater than the distance between the reader antenna and the transponder.
- Response modules comprising RFID modules can be fed permanently via the track sections.
- response modules can be fed inductively when a loop is formed by a retracted vehicle axle.
- Response modules that are fed via the rail sections are preferably permanently active and periodically transmit response signals to the measuring device. Furthermore, communication between the measuring device and the response modules can be realized, in which instructions are sent back to the response modules and status information. As soon as a rail vehicle enters the track section, this data transfer is changed. When retracting a rail vehicle or its frontmost axis results in an electrical loop, which migrates with the ride of the rail vehicle and therefore the individual response modules happens. As a result, only the response signals of the response modules are transmitted to the measuring device, which lie within the loop. While in the absence of occupancy of the track section telegrams are received by all response modules, the telegrams of the response modules omitted sequentially with the movement of the rail vehicle.
- Response modules fed via the loop formed by the first vehicle axle of the rail vehicle only become active when the track section is occupied. With the loop formed the answer modules are activated and give off signals.
- This embodiment of the device is preferably used in combination with a test device described below, in which an occupancy state is simulated by closing a switch.
- the track section is expanded on the basis of the response modules to form a vibration system which has various natural resonances which are excited by the measuring device and subsequently detected. If the track section is free, all natural resonances occur. Only with the entry of a rail vehicle in the track section of the individual resonances are suppressed.
- a rail section is preferably divided into individual rail elements, between which impedance elements are inserted. Due to the inserted impedances only the part of the track section is short on which a vehicle axle is located. For example, are used coils with ferrite cores, which have a low impedance for DC and a correspondingly high impedance for high frequencies. As a result, conventional devices with DC circuits can be used in combination with devices according to the invention.
- two response modules are arranged within a sector at a distance which is preferably smaller than the distance between the axes of the rail vehicle.
- the two response modules cause during the crossing of the rail vehicle signal changes in short time intervals, which can be used advantageously for counting the axes and / or for determining the vehicle speed.
- the analysis of the response signals comprises a frequency analysis, the optionally carried out on the basis of a Fourier transformation.
- the vibration system of the rail section is excited by means of a pulse, after which a signal mixture is detected by the measuring device, which decreases exponentially in amplitude.
- the Fourier analysis it can be determined which resonant frequencies are present with which amplitude, after which a corresponding occupation state is determined.
- the position of the rail vehicle or a combination of interconnected or separate rail vehicles can be precisely determined by the methods described above.
- the response signals can be evaluated in various ways. Particularly advantageously, the response signals can be compared with previously determined signal patterns that correspond to different occupancy states for which the occupancy states are known. In this case, complex occupancy states can be reliably determined, in which, for example, a plurality of rail vehicles or compositions operate separately within the rail section. If a deviation from known signal patterns is detected, the signaling can be changed accordingly to stop the traffic until the allocation information has been clarified. Furthermore, a plausibility check is preferably carried out, in which not only the conformity of the signal pattern but also the logical relationship of the determined occupancy state with the previously determined state of the track section is checked, if necessary taking into account traffic data and / or timetable data. The system can continuously verify and improve the data obtained.
- the device according to the invention therefore collects empirical values, in particular signal patterns, for corresponding assignment states. With the experience gained, the device can not only determine specific occupancies, but may even distinguish between different train compositions that cause these occupancy states. Due to the collected data, false alarms can thus be avoided.
- a deviation from a first reference signal pattern it can be established on the basis of empirical values that the present signal pattern matches a further reference signal pattern.
- signal patterns are collected in a test phase before any restrictions on operation are removed.
- the evaluation of data can be done by various methods including neural networks.
- interfering signal sources can also be determined and eliminated. If, for example, a system-external transponder accidentally or abusively in the operating range of the inventive device, it can be detected and eliminated. Furthermore, its signals can be suppressed, so that the further measurement is not affected.
- the response modules of the RFID technology can also be equipped with periodically changing passwords, so that the incoming signals can be authenticated.
- the response modules can be queried selectively or collectively. All methods of RFID technology can be advantageously used.
- the query is preferably carried out within short time intervals of a few tenths of a second to a few seconds.
- the positions of all response modules are determined. For example, the positions are verified by means of a measuring carriage with which the track sections are traversed.
- the positions of the response modules can therefore be detected at least with the precision of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
- GPS Global Positioning System
- a switch is provided in at least one of the sectors of the track section, which is closed to simulate an occupancy state and to test the plant or to divide the track section and to measure the parts separately.
- the device can therefore periodically check at intervals of a few seconds not only the occupancy state, but also the proper operation of the system. With the aid of the device according to the invention, valuable additional information regarding the occupancy state of the rail section can thus be obtained, the integrity of which can be ensured by periodic testing of the system.
- the device according to the invention can advantageously be adapted to changes in the track system and used to ensure the safety of the personnel when carrying out such changes.
- response modules are either set or installed at critical points.
- response modules are installed before and after a construction site, so that the monitoring and control of rail transport in this area on the basis of the inventive device can be done. It should be noted that these temporary extensions of the device, which bring great benefits, cause no significant effort.
- programmable response modules are used by means of which status information can be delivered to the control center. For example, by means of the temporarily used response modules, the beginning, the status and the completion of the construction work as well as certain requirements, such as a permissible maximum speed, can be transmitted to the measuring device. The control center can therefore monitor the progress of the work and control or redirect the traffic accordingly.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be combined with methods of traffic control, which ensure that the traffic is handled efficiently and economically.
- an energy saving program by SBB aims for energy savings of 47 GWh.
- 37 GWh account for an optimized operation management and / or operation management and an optimized driving operation.
- the device and the method according to the invention provide the traffic management system and the locomotive drivers with basic information which makes it possible to optimally control the traffic and to ensure a smooth traffic flow. Based on the determined position data optimal speeds can be calculated for the rail vehicles, with which the destinations can be achieved with a minimum number of braking and acceleration processes and thus with a minimum of energy consumption and a maximum of driving comfort.
- the information obtained with the inventive device preferably all existing communication, control and security systems, such as the ETCS (European Train Control System) are used.
- the information obtained by the control system eg ETCS
- the information obtained by the control system can be advantageously linked to the information obtained with the inventive device.
- the occupation state with the positions of the rail vehicles can be determined with the method according to the invention
- the identification numbers or train numbers of the rail vehicles are determined by the control system.
- the properties of the rolling stock or of the vehicle compositions can be determined in the sequence and derived therefrom suitable control data. For example, it is determined that a first vehicle composition is a passenger train with a short braking distance and a second vehicle composition is a freight train with a longer braking distance. Taking into account the braking distances and the directions of travel, the optimum travel speeds can therefore be calculated taking into account the required distance.
- FIG. 1 shows an inventive device 1, which serves to monitor track sections n-1, n, n + 1, which are used by rail vehicles 9, such as passenger trains or freight trains, if necessary, also individual rail vehicles.
- the track sections n-1, n, n + 1 have two parallel rails A, B with rail sections A n ; B n , based on insulators 2 nA1 , 2 nA2 ; 2 nB1 , 2 nB2 are insulated from each other and which are provided with at least one coupling-in point and / or coupling-out point 3 A1 , 3 B1 , via which at least one measuring device 10 n ; 10 n + 1 interrogation signals can be coupled into the track section n to be monitored and by response modules 5; 5 1 ; 5 11 , 5 12 ; 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z influenced response signals can be decoupled therefrom.
- the track section n is subdivided into one or more sectors S1,..., Sz, in each of which at least one of the response modules 5 is arranged.
- the response modules 5 galvanic with the rail sections A n ; B n connected.
- the response modules 5 are not galvanic with the rail sections A n ; B n connected, but become inductive coupled as soon as a rail vehicle 9 enters the rail section n.
- each two response modules 5 11 , 5 12 ; 5 z1 , 5 z2 or two response modules 5 1 ; 5 2 each with two response units 5 11 , 5 12 ; 5 z1 , 5 z2 are provided.
- These response units 5 11 , 5 12 ; 5 z1 , 5 z2 are run over by a vehicle axle 91 at short intervals and therefore cause signal changes in a short time interval, by the measurement of which the speed of the rail vehicle 9 can be determined.
- These measures which are preferably provided at the entrance and the exit in the rail section n, can also be used in the further response modules 5.
- FIG. 1 is further shown that preferably at at least one of the rail sections A n and B n multiple coupling points 3 A1 , 3 A2 , ...; 3 B1 , 3 B2 , ... are provided, coupled into the interrogation signals or from which response signals can be coupled out.
- These coupling points 3 A1 , 3 A2 , ...; 3 B1 , 3 B2 , ... are, for example, by means of signal cables and control cables, preferably shielded coaxial cables, optionally multi-core ribbon cables, with at least one measuring device 10; 10 n , 10 n + 1 connected.
- the measuring device 10 therefore preferably monitors a plurality of sectors S1, ..., Sz of a rail section n and preferably an adjacent rail section n-1; n + 1 or a sector S thereof.
- a measuring device 10 can also monitor a plurality of rail sections n-1, n, n + 1.
- Each measuring device 10; 10 n , 10 n + 1 preferably comprises a transmitting unit 11, a receiving unit 12, a signal processor 13 and an interface unit 14, via which communication with a host computer 100 can take place. Basically, however, it is also possible that a separate Transmitter unit 11 with first coupling points 3 A1 , 3 B1 and a separate receiving unit 12 with second coupling points 3 Ap , 3 Bq is connected. If different measuring devices 10; 10 n , 10 n + 1 are provided, they can also cooperate advantageous with each other. One of the measuring devices 10 n + 1 can feed interrogation signals at one end of the rail section n, which are detected by the second measuring device 10 n .
- the track section n is based on the answer modules 5; 5 1 ; 5 11 , 5 12 ; 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z developed into a kind of vibration system, which gets into an oscillation state after an excitation or undergoes changes in state and / or generates and transmits response signals.
- the response of the track section or the signaling of the states, the state changes and the transmission of response signals are dependent on the occupancy state of the track section n.
- the resistances of the track sections are sufficiently high and for the internal resistances of the connected transmitting and receiving units 11, 12 to be sufficient are deep.
- the resistance of at least one of the rail sections A n ; B n increased by a rail section A n ; B n is divided into segments, between which electrical impedances 4 A1 , 4 A2 , ..., 4 AZ-1 , are inserted.
- the end faces of adjacent rail sections are connected to each other by coils having an increased contact resistance for interrogation signals, but allow DC to pass unimpeded.
- the length of the sectors S1, ..., Sz is chosen according to the respective requirements. At junctions, for example, very short sectors S1, ..., Sz are provided.
- the interrogation signals are modified individually, wherein the degree of modification can be small or very large.
- a response module 5 may increase or reduce the amplitude of a signal in a particular frequency range.
- a response module 5 can emit periodic telegrams as response signals after application of a DC voltage. It is essential that the feedback or the influencing of the interrogation signal allows a conclusion to the responsible answer module 5 and also changes this signal change when changing the occupancy state of the track section. According to the invention, therefore, different response modules 5 can be used, which can return information in analog or digital form.
- FIG. 2 shows the track section n of FIG. 1 with response modules 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z , the high-frequency devices have.
- each of the response modules at least one tuned to a certain frequency f A , ..., f Z parallel resonant circuit is included, which absorbs energy and releases over a certain time again.
- f A a certain frequency
- f Z parallel resonant circuit is included, which absorbs energy and releases over a certain time again.
- the pulse results in the track section n a signal mixture of different frequencies with decreasing amplitude.
- the signal mixture is transformed from the time domain into the frequency domain by means of a Fourier transformation and it is determined which frequencies are present or which response modules 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 ,... 5 Z have responded.
- FIG. 2 is further shown that a vehicle axle 91 is retracted into the track section n and this subdivided, so that signals of the response modules 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... coupled on the one side of the vehicle axle 91 from the track section n can be. Signals of the response modules ..., 5 Z-2 , 5 Z-1 , 5 Z can be coupled out of the track section n only on the other side of the vehicle axle 91. By detecting and analyzing the response signals on one side and the other of the vehicle axle 91, their position can be precisely determined.
- a composition of rail vehicles 9 is retracted into the track section n, the positions of the first and the last vehicle axle 91 and thus also the length of the railway train 9 can be determined.
- the train length is preferably monitored continuously, so that the decoupling of individual rail vehicles or a separation of the composition can be detected.
- a second composition of rail vehicles 9 enters the track section n, the first vehicle axle 91 of the first composition and the last vehicle axle 91 of the second composition and thus the mutual distance between the two compositions of rail vehicles can be determined from the two ends of the rail section n.
- the accesses are determined when the train enters the track section n.
- the accesses can also be determined from the master computer.
- the track section n With more than one train composition 9.
- the measurement of the train compositions is advantageously carried out at the entrance and the exit from the track section n.
- additional information about the state and the behavior of the train compositions can be obtained by coupling interrogation signals and coupling out of response signals in different sectors S within the track section n so that the occupancy state of the track section n can be accurately represented. In this way it is possible to make better use of track sections that were previously considered to be fully utilized so that the capacity of the entire railway network can be significantly increased.
- an apparatus for axle counting as described in [1], pages 305-316, can be advantageously used in combination with the device according to the invention.
- Axis counting devices are used, for example, when the track can not be isolated, e.g. because iron sleepers are used, or if the length of the track section or feeder cable to be inspected is too long.
- the inventive device can therefore be built on an existing system and use the existing resources, so that optimal results and optimum safety are guaranteed. Since the device according to the invention, with a longer service life, steadily gains experience and safety, existing safety systems serve, in particular, for a quick startup of the device according to the invention after installation. The test phase is advantageously supported by the existing safety systems.
- FIG. 2 is further shown that only in the first rail section A coupling points 3 p (n-1) ; 3 1 , ..., 3 Z ; 3 p (n + 1) are provided and the second rail section B, over the the traction current is derived is grounded.
- the cost of managing cables, eg shielded coaxial cables to the coupling points can therefore be kept relatively low.
- FIG. 3 shows the track section n of FIG. 1 with answer modules 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 ,... 5 Z , which comprise RFID transponders.
- the answer modules 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z are galvanically connected to the rail sections A n, B n and can therefore be permanently powered and continuously queried. For example, telegrams are continuously sent by the response modules 5.
- a switch 63, 64 is preferably provided, by means of which the two rail sections A n, B n are selectively connectable to each other selectively, so that even in the absence of a vehicle axle 91 any loops can be formed. In this way, the presence of a vehicle axle can be simulated and the device tested.
- FIG. 4 shows the track section n of FIG. 3 with answer modules 5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 ... Z, which are inductively coupled to the rail portions A n, B n, when a vehicle axle enters the track section in 91 x n.
- the loops described above are formed via the vehicle axles 91 z , two of which are shown. From the measuring devices 10 different measuring currents can now be introduced into the track section n to determine the occupancy state.
- a first current i1 flows from the coupling points 3 A1 , 3 B1 through the first vehicle axle 91
- a second current i2 flows from the coupling points 3 Ap , 3 Bq through the second vehicle axle 91
- a third current i3 flows from the coupling points 3 A4 , 3 B4 through the first vehicle axis 91
- a fourth current i4 flows from the coupling points 3 A4 , 3 B4 through the second vehicle axle 91.
- the first current i1 becomes the response signals of the first two response modules 5 1 , 5 2
- the second current i 2 become the response signals the last response modules 5 Z-1 , 5 Z , the third current i3, the response signals of the response module 5 3 , and the fourth current i4, the response signals of the response modules 5 4 , 5 5 , 5 6 , impressed.
- the answer modules 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z therefore, can be queried arbitrarily. In this way, it is possible to determine occupied and free sections of the track section.
- FIG. 5 shows the device of FIG. 1 with a measuring device 10, which track sections n T , n R of several lanes T, R monitors.
- a device according to the invention can thus monitor the track sections of all adjacent lanes, so that a relatively large part of the rail network can be monitored with little device outlay.
- the measuring device 10 can also serve to control signals 6 which are connected to the measuring device 10 via control lines 60. In this way, safety functions can be realized without delay.
- FIG. 5 is further illustrated that in the lane T track work is in progress. For this purpose, the answer modules 5 7 and 5 8 were used, which allow to detect and control the rail traffic in this area more precisely. Additional response modules 5 can therefore be inserted into the system as required, which is subsequently reconfigured for this section in order to be able to determine and process the information required for the track safety.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Gleisabschnittes, auf dem Schienenfahrzeuge, wie Personenzüge und Güterzüge, verkehren.The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a track section, run on the rail vehicles, such as passenger trains and freight trains.
Vorrichtungen zur Überwachung eines Gleisabschnittes sind beispielsweise aus [1],
Die bei Belegung resultierende Nebenschlussempfindlichkeit fällt umso günstiger aus, je weiter die Grenzwerte der genannten Widerstände auseinander liegen. Der minimale Bettungswiderstand liegt bei einem Streckengleis bei etwa 2,5 Ohm/km und der maximale Kurzschlusswiderstand liegt bei Gleisabschnitte über 300 m bei etwa 0,5 Ohm. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass die genannten Widerstände von atmosphärischen Verhältnissen beeinflusst werden, welche die Messung nur schon der Belegung des Gleisabschnittes erschweren.The resulting upon occupancy shunt sensitivity is the more favorable, the farther the limits of the said resistors are apart. The minimum ballast resistance for a track is about 2.5 ohms / km and the maximum short circuit resistance for track sections over 300 meters is about 0.5 ohms. It should be noted that the said resistors are influenced by atmospheric conditions, which complicate the measurement only the occupancy of the track section.
Wie dies in [2],
Sobald der Gleisabschnitt durch ein Schienenfahrzeug belegt wird, öffnet der Schalter, so dass der Strom durch den Shunt-Widerstand unterbrochen wird. Sofern der durch die Radachse und die Räder gebildete Kurzschlusswiderstand genügend tief ist, ändert die Impedanz in Abhängigkeit der Position des Schienenfahrzeugs. Sofern der Kurzschlusswiderstand hingegen zu hoch ist, wird nach dem Öffnen des Schalters eine erhöhte Impedanz gemessen. In beiden Fällen, bei erhöhter und reduzierter Impedanz wird ein Belegtzustand festgestellt. Insgesamt kann ein Belegtzustand daher mit erhöhter Sicherheit festgestellt werden.As soon as the track section is occupied by a rail vehicle, the switch opens, so that the current is interrupted by the shunt resistor. If the short circuit resistance formed by the wheel axle and the wheels is sufficiently deep, the impedance changes depending on the position of the rail vehicle. On the other hand, if the short circuit resistance is too high, an increased impedance will be measured after opening the switch. In both cases, with increased and reduced impedance, a busy condition is detected. Overall, a busy condition can therefore be detected with increased security.
In [1], Seite 277, ist zur erforderlichen Sicherheit festgehalten, dass die Freimeldung eines Gleisabschnitts eine Sicherheitsfunktion ist, weshalb eine Freimeldeeinrichtung oft als Ruhestromkreis konzipiert wird. Ein solcher RuheStromkreis reagiert bei Versagen der Anlage, wie Stromausfall, Unterbruch, Schienenbruch, Schienenkurzschluss und Gerätedefekt, mit einer Belegtanzeige und hat im Ereignisfall somit eine betriebshemmende Funktion. Die Korrektheit von Meldungen der Überwachungsvorrichtungen muss daher stets gewährleistet sein.In [1], page 277, it is noted for the required safety that the clearing of a track section is a safety function, which is why a free-field device is often designed as a closed circuit. Such a standby circuit reacts in case of failure of the system, such as power failure, interruption, rail break, rail short circuit and device defect, with a busy display and thus has an operational inhibiting function in case of an incident. The correctness of messages from the monitoring devices must therefore always be guaranteed.
Gemäss [2] kann durch Überwachung der Änderung der Impedanz und Zeit die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs ermittelt werden. In Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs wird in der Folge die Position des Schienenfahrzeugs ermittelt. Die Ermittlung präziser und zuverlässiger Informationen zu einem als belegt gemeldeten Schienenabschnitt würde es erlauben, diesen Schienenabschnitt besser zu nutzen und beispielsweise zwei oder mehrere Züge gleichzeitig in den Schienenabschnitt aufzunehmen. Das Streckennetz könnte daher mit einer höheren Dichte befahren und besser genutzt werden. D.h., bisher nicht genutzte zeitliche Reserven können ermittelt und genutzt werden.According to [2], the speed of the rail vehicle can be determined by monitoring the change in impedance and time. Depending on the speed of the rail vehicle, the position of the rail vehicle is subsequently determined. The determination of precise and reliable information on a rail section reported as occupied would make it possible to make better use of this rail section and, for example, to simultaneously accommodate two or more trains in the rail section. The route network could therefore be used at a higher density and better used. That is, previously unused temporal reserves can be determined and used.
Die Ermittlung von Informationen zur Position und der Bewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs ist bei dem in [2] beschriebenen Verfahren jedoch von zahlreichen Faktoren und Einflüssen abhängig, weshalb, unter Berücksichtigung der Sicherheitsanforderungen, verwertbare Informationen entweder nicht oder nur mit hohem Aufwand ermittelt werden können. Sofern die Geschwindigkeit innerhalb eines Gleisabschnitts temporär ändert und der Zug gegebenenfalls anhält, muss die Position des Zuges zwischengespeichert und mit entsprechendem Aufwand nachgeführt werden. Weiterhin ist zu beachten, dass eine absichtliche oder unerwünschte selbsttätige Entkopplung eines oder mehrerer Schienenfahrzeuge von einem Zug nicht erfasst werden kann.However, the determination of information on the position and movement of the rail vehicle in the method described in [2] depends on numerous factors and influences, which is why, taking into account the safety requirements, usable information either can not be determined or only with great effort. If the speed within a track section changes temporarily and the train stops, if necessary, the position of the train must be buffered and tracked with the appropriate effort. Furthermore, it should be noted that a deliberate or unwanted automatic decoupling of one or more rail vehicles can not be detected by a train.
Zur Ortung von Schienenfahrzeugen werden in der Praxis daher zumeist Funkortungsverfahren verwendet, bei denen der Funkverkehr zu ortsfesten Funkstationen, Transpondern bzw. Balisen oder Satelliten ausgewertet und Positionsdaten präzise ermittelt werden.For locating rail vehicles, therefore, in most cases radio-location methods are used in practice in which the radio traffic is evaluated to stationary radio stations, transponders or beacons or satellites, and position data are precisely determined.
Verfahren, bei denen die Ortung einer Zugskomposition anhand streckengebundenen Funkstationen bzw. Balisen, sind beispielsweise aus [3],
Verfahren, in denen die Ortung einer Zugskomposition anhand des Global Positioning Systems GPS erfolgt, sind beispielsweise aus [5],
Aus [7],
Die genannten Verfahren erfordern einen relativ hohen Aufwand hinsichtlich der Anlagen und Installationen sowie der Kommunikation von den Fahrzeugen zur Leitstelle. Mit steigender Komplexität ergeben sich zudem Sicherheitsrisiken, die wiederum mit entsprechendem Aufwand oder Betriebsrestriktionen unter Kontrolle zu halten sind.The mentioned methods require a relatively high outlay in terms of the installations and installations as well as the communication from the vehicles to the control center. With increasing complexity, security risks also arise, which in turn must be kept under control with the appropriate effort or operating restrictions.
Die
Die
Die
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Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Gleisabschnitten anzugeben, bei denen die oben beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device for monitoring track sections, in which the disadvantages described above are avoided.
Insbesondere sind ein leicht beherrschbares Verfahren und eine mit geringem Aufwand realisierbare Vorrichtung zu schaffen, anhand derer die Position und/oder die Geschwindigkeit eines oder mehrerer Schienenfahrzeuge in wenigstens einem Gleisabschnitt ermittelt werden kann.In particular, an easily manageable method and a device which can be realized with little effort are to be provided by means of which the position and / or the speed of one or more rail vehicles can be determined in at least one track section.
Anhand des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung soll es somit möglich sein, das Schienennetz und dessen Einrichtungen sowie die Fahrzeuge und Ressourcen effizienter zu nutzen und den Fahrbetrieb vorteilhafter zu steuern, so dass auch Energieeinsparungen möglich sind.On the basis of the inventive method and the device, it should thus be possible, the railway network and its Facilities and the vehicles and resources to use more efficient and to control the driving operation more advantageous, so that energy savings are possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren und einer Vorrichtung gelöst, welche die in Anspruch 1 bzw. 11 angegebenen Merkmale aufweisen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method and a device which have the features specified in
Das Verfahren dient der Überwachung von mit Schienenfahrzeugen befahrenen Gleisabschnitten, die zwei parallel geführte Schienen mit gegeneinander isolierten Schienenabschnitten und wenigstens einen Einkopplungspunkt und Auskopplungspunkt aufweisen, über die wenigstens eine Messvorrichtung Abfragesignale in wenigstens einen der zu überwachenden Gleisabschnitte ein- und Antwortsignale daraus auskoppeln kann.The method is used to monitor track sections traveled by rail vehicles, which have two parallel rails with mutually insulated rail sections and at least one coupling point and coupling point, via the at least one measuring device query signals in at least one of the track sections to be monitored and can couple out response signals from it.
Erfindungsgemäss werden die Abfragesignale in den wenigstens einen Einkopplungspunkt eingekoppelt und die Antwortsignale aus dem wenigstens einen Auskopplungspunkt ausgekoppelt und der Gleisabschnitt ist in einen oder mehrere Sektoren unterteilt, in denen je wenigstens ein Antwortmodul an die beiden Schienenabschnitte angeschlossen oder dazwischen angeordnet ist, welches von der Messvorrichtung zugeführte Signale individuell verändert oder dazu individuelle Antwortsignale an die Schienenabschnitte abgibt, die von der Messvorrichtung erfasst, geprüft und einem entsprechenden Belegungszustand zugeordnet werden.According to the invention, the interrogation signals are coupled into the at least one coupling-in point and the response signals are decoupled from the at least one coupling-out point and the track section is subdivided into one or more sectors, in which at least one answering module is connected to or interposed between the two rail sections, which is arranged by the measuring device supplied individually changed signals or emits individual response signals to the rail sections, which are detected by the measuring device, tested and assigned to a corresponding occupancy state.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren erlaubt die Bestimmung des Belegungszustands des wenigstens einen Gleisabschnitts. Dabei liefert das Verfahren nicht nur die Antwort darauf, ob der Gleisabschnitt belegt ist oder nicht bzw. ob ein Schienenfahrzeug in den Gleisabschnitt eingefahren ist, sondern eine Abbildung des Belegungszustands des Gleisabschnitts mit beliebig hoher Auflösung und Zustandsinformationen über Kompositionen von Schienenfahrzeugen. Anhand des Verfahrens kann festgestellt werden, wie viele Schienenfahrzeuge oder Fahrzeugkompositionen in den Gleisabschnitt eingefahren sind, welche Abstände zwischen den eingefahrenen Schienenfahrzeugen vorhanden sind, und welche Länge eingefahrene Zugskompositionen aufweisen. Ferner können Veränderung einer Zugskomposition festgestellt werden, die bei Abkopplung eines Schienenfahrzeugs auftreten. Zudem können Informationen, wie die einfache Belegung des Gleisabschnitts die Anzahl der in den Gleisabschnitt eingefahrenen und daraus ausgefahrenen Fahrzeugachsen, sowie die Geschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Schienenfahrzeuge gemessen werden.The inventive method allows the determination of the occupancy state of the at least one track section. The method provides not only the answer to whether the track section is occupied or not or whether a rail vehicle is retracted in the track section, but a mapping of the occupancy state of the track section with arbitrarily high resolution and status information on compositions of rail vehicles. The method can be used to determine how many rail vehicles or vehicle compositions retracted into the track section, which distances between the retracted rail vehicles are present, and which have length retracted train compositions. Furthermore, it is possible to detect changes in a train composition which occur when a rail vehicle is decoupled. In addition, information such as the simple occupancy of the track section, the number of retracted into the track section and therefrom extended vehicle axles, and the speeds of the individual rail vehicles can be measured.
Aufgrund der gewonnenen Informationen kann ein Gleisabschnitt daher effizienter und sicherer genutzt werden. Die Funktionalität der Vorrichtung ist dabei skalierbar, so dass für jeden Schienenabschnitt die wünschbaren Informationen gewonnen werden können. Eine Messvorrichtung kann dabei einen oder mehrere Gleisabschnitte einer oder mehrerer Fahrspuren überwachen, wodurch der Einsatz der Mittel ökonomisch gestaltet werden kann.Based on the information gained, a track section can therefore be used more efficiently and safely. The functionality of the device is scalable, so that the desired information can be obtained for each rail section. A measuring device can monitor one or more track sections of one or more lanes, whereby the use of funds can be made economical.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass die Vorrichtung einfach ausgestaltet ist und nur stationär installierte Vorrichtungsteile benötigt. Eine Kommunikation mit den Schienenfahrzeugen ist nicht erforderlich, weshalb die Anlage einfach beherrschbar ist und Kommunikationsprobleme vermieden werden können. Dabei ist die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung jedoch kompatibel mit bekannten Sicherungsanlagen, wie sie heute eingesetzt werden. D.h., die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung kann mit geringem Aufwand an bestehende Kommunikationssysteme angepasst werden, um weiterführende Informationen zu gewinnen, welche für den Anwender wünschenswert, für die Bestimmung des Belegungszustands jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich sind. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung fügt sich ideal in bestehende Systeme ein und kann dort eingesetzt werden, wo Gleisabschnitte mit geringem Aufwand besser genutzt und/oder besser abgesichert werden sollen. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung erlaubt es nämlich, einfache Belegungszustände bereits mit einem geringen Grad an Ausrüstung einfach zu ermitteln.It is particularly advantageous that the device is simple and requires only stationary installed device parts. Communication with the rail vehicles is not required, which is why the system is easy to control and communication problems can be avoided. However, the device according to the invention is compatible with known safety systems as they are used today. That is, the inventive device can be adapted to existing communication systems with little effort to gain further information that is desirable for the user, for the determination of the occupancy state, however, not mandatory. The device according to the invention fits in ideally with existing systems and can be used where track sections should be better used and / or better protected with little effort. The device according to the invention makes it possible to Easily determine simple occupancy conditions even with a low level of equipment.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist ferner, dass der Zustand eines überwachten Gleisabschnitts detailliert geprüft werden kann, um die Funktionsfähigkeit zu gewährleisten und allfällige Defekte zu lokalisieren und rechtzeitig Wartungsmassnahmen einzuführen. Mit geringen Mehrkosten kann die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zudem redundant ausgestaltet werden, so dass der Ausfall einzelner Elemente der Vorrichtung den Betrieb der Anlage nicht gefährdet und die Wartungsarbeiten zu einem passenden Zeitpunkt durchgeführt werden können.It is also particularly advantageous that the condition of a monitored track section can be checked in detail in order to ensure the functionality and to locate any defects and to introduce timely maintenance measures. At a low additional cost, the inventive device can also be configured redundant, so that the failure of individual elements of the device does not jeopardize the operation of the system and the maintenance can be performed at an appropriate time.
Aufgrund der Möglichkeit der detaillierten Prüfung des Gleisabschnitts ist es ferner möglich, Manipulationen Dritter unverzüglich zu erkennen. Dabei ist es Dritten nicht möglich, das System derart zu verändern, ohne dass dieses routinemässig festgestellt wird oder dass eine Gefahrensituation resultiert.Due to the possibility of detailed examination of the track section, it is also possible to immediately detect manipulations of third parties. It is not possible for third parties to change the system in such a way without it being routinely determined or that a dangerous situation results.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zu Grunde, Abfragesignale in den Schienenabschnitt einzuspeisen, die in Abhängigkeit der Funktion der Antwortmodule und in Abhängigkeit des Belegungszustandes des Gleisabschnitts verändert werden.The invention is based on the idea of feeding interrogation signals into the rail section, which are changed as a function of the function of the response modules and as a function of the occupancy state of the track section.
Dabei können aktive und/oder passive Antwortmodule vorgesehen werden, denen eine Gleichspannung, eine Wechselspannung mit konstanter Frequenz, eine Wechselspannung mit mehreren Frequenzen, eine Wechselspannung mit ändernder Frequenz oder ein Wechselspannungsimpuls zugeführt werden kann.In this case, active and / or passive response modules can be provided, to which a DC voltage, an AC voltage with a constant frequency, an AC voltage with multiple frequencies, an AC voltage with changing frequency or an AC voltage pulse can be supplied.
Vorteilhaft können Antwortmodule eingesetzt werden, bei denen individuelle Meldungen permanent oder nur bei Belegung des Gleisabschnitts zur Messvorrichtung übertragen werden.Advantageously, response modules can be used in which individual messages are transmitted permanently or only when the track section is occupied by the measuring device.
Vorteilhaft können induktive Funkanlagen eingesetzt werden, die z.B. in [8],
Antwortmodule, die RFID-Module umfassen, können dabei über die Gleisabschnitte permanent gespeist werden. Alternativ können Antwortmodule induktiv gespeist werden, wenn durch eine eingefahrene Fahrzeugachse eine Schlaufe gebildet wird.Response modules comprising RFID modules can be fed permanently via the track sections. Alternatively, response modules can be fed inductively when a loop is formed by a retracted vehicle axle.
Antwortmodule, die über die Schienenabschnitte gespeist werden, sind vorzugsweise permanent aktiv und übertragen periodisch Antwortsignale zur Messvorrichtung. Ferner kann eine Kommunikation zwischen der Messvorrichtung und den Antwortmodulen realisiert werden, bei der Instruktionen zu den Antwortmodulen und Statusinformationen zurück gesandt werden. Sobald ein Schienenfahrzeug in den Gleisabschnitt einfährt, wird dieser Datentransfer verändert. Beim Einfahren eines Schienenfahrzeugs bzw. dessen vorderster Achse resultiert eine elektrische Schlaufe, welche mit der Fahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs wandert und demzufolge die einzelnen Antwortmodule passiert. In der Folge werden nur noch die Antwortsignale der Antwortmodule zur Messvorrichtung übertragen, die innerhalb der Schlaufe liegen. Während bei fehlender Belegung des Gleisabschnitts Telegramme von allen Antwortmodulen empfangen werden, entfallen die Telegramme der Antwortmodule sequenziell mit der Bewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs.Response modules that are fed via the rail sections are preferably permanently active and periodically transmit response signals to the measuring device. Furthermore, communication between the measuring device and the response modules can be realized, in which instructions are sent back to the response modules and status information. As soon as a rail vehicle enters the track section, this data transfer is changed. When retracting a rail vehicle or its frontmost axis results in an electrical loop, which migrates with the ride of the rail vehicle and therefore the individual response modules happens. As a result, only the response signals of the response modules are transmitted to the measuring device, which lie within the loop. While in the absence of occupancy of the track section telegrams are received by all response modules, the telegrams of the response modules omitted sequentially with the movement of the rail vehicle.
Antwortmodule, die über die Schlaufe gespeist werden, die durch die erste Fahrzeugachse des Schienenfahrzeugs gebildet wird, werden nur bei Belegung des Gleisabschnitts aktiv. Mit der gebildeten Schlaufe werden die Antwortmodule aktiviert und geben Signale ab. Diese Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung wird vorzugsweise in Kombination mit einer nachstehend beschriebenen Prüfvorrichtung eingesetzt, bei der ein Belegungszustand durch Schliessen eines Schalters simuliert wird.Response modules fed via the loop formed by the first vehicle axle of the rail vehicle only become active when the track section is occupied. With the loop formed the answer modules are activated and give off signals. This embodiment of the device is preferably used in combination with a test device described below, in which an occupancy state is simulated by closing a switch.
In einer weiteren prinzipiellen Ausgestaltung wird der Gleisabschnitt anhand der Antwortmodule zu einem Schwingungssystem ausgebaut, welches verschiedene Eigenresonanzen aufweist, die von der Messvorrichtung angeregt und anschliessend erfasst werden. Sofern der Gleisabschnitt frei ist, treten alle Eigenresonanzen in Erscheinung. Erst mit der Einfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs in den Gleisabschnitt werden einzelne der Eigenresonanzen unterdrückt. Bei diesem System wird ein Schienenabschnitt vorzugsweise in einzelne Schienenelemente aufgeteilt, zwischen denen Impedanz-Elemente eingefügt werden. Aufgrund der eingefügten Impedanzen wird nur der Teil des Gleisabschnitts kurz geschlossen auf dem sich eine Fahrzeugachse befindet. Z.B. werden Spulen mit Ferritkernen eingesetzt, die für Gleichstrom eine tiefe und für hohe Frequenzen eine entsprechend hohe Impedanz aufweisen. Dadurch können konventionelle Einrichtungen mit Gleichstromkreisen in Kombination mit erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtungen eingesetzt werden.In a further embodiment, the track section is expanded on the basis of the response modules to form a vibration system which has various natural resonances which are excited by the measuring device and subsequently detected. If the track section is free, all natural resonances occur. Only with the entry of a rail vehicle in the track section of the individual resonances are suppressed. In this system, a rail section is preferably divided into individual rail elements, between which impedance elements are inserted. Due to the inserted impedances only the part of the track section is short on which a vehicle axle is located. For example, are used coils with ferrite cores, which have a low impedance for DC and a correspondingly high impedance for high frequencies. As a result, conventional devices with DC circuits can be used in combination with devices according to the invention.
In einer vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltung werden innerhalb eines Sektors zwei Antwortmodule in einem Abstand angeordnet, der vorzugsweise kleiner ist, als der Abstand der Achsen des Schienenfahrzeugs. Die beiden Antwortmodule bewirken bei der Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs Signaländerungen in zeitlich kurzen Abständen, die vorteilhaft zur Zählung der Achsen und/oder zur Bestimmung der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit verwendet werden können.In a preferred embodiment, two response modules are arranged within a sector at a distance which is preferably smaller than the distance between the axes of the rail vehicle. The two response modules cause during the crossing of the rail vehicle signal changes in short time intervals, which can be used advantageously for counting the axes and / or for determining the vehicle speed.
Die Analyse der Antwortsignale, die kontinuierlich oder nach Abgabe eines Impulses empfangen werden, umfasst in einer vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltung eine Frequenzanalyse, die gegebenenfalls anhand einer Fourier-Transformation durchgeführt wird. Das Schwingungssystem des Schienenabschnitts wird dabei mittels eines Impulses angeregt, wonach von der Messvorrichtung ein Signalgemisch erfasst wird, welches in der Amplitude exponentiell abnimmt. Mittels der Fourier-Analyse kann festgestellt werden, welche Resonanzfrequenzen mit welcher Amplitude vorhanden sind, wonach ein entsprechender Belegungszustand ermittelt wird.The analysis of the response signals, which are received continuously or after the emission of a pulse, in a preferred embodiment comprises a frequency analysis, the optionally carried out on the basis of a Fourier transformation. The vibration system of the rail section is excited by means of a pulse, after which a signal mixture is detected by the measuring device, which decreases exponentially in amplitude. By means of the Fourier analysis it can be determined which resonant frequencies are present with which amplitude, after which a corresponding occupation state is determined.
Durch Einkopplung von Abfragesignalen und Auskopplung der dazu korrespondierenden Antwortsignale an geeigneten Kopplungspunkten kann die Position des Schienenfahrzeugs oder einer Kombination von miteinander verbundenen oder voneinander getrennten Schienenfahrzeugen mit den oben beschriebenen Verfahren präzise bestimmt werden.By coupling interrogation signals and decoupling the corresponding response signals at suitable coupling points, the position of the rail vehicle or a combination of interconnected or separate rail vehicles can be precisely determined by the methods described above.
Die Antwortsignale können auf verschiedene Arten ausgewertet werden. Besonders vorteilhaft können die Antwortsignale mit zuvor ermittelten Signalmustern verglichen werden, die zu verschiedenen Belegungszuständen korrespondieren, für die die Belegungszustände bekannt sind. Dabei können komplexe Belegungszustände zuverlässig ermittelt werden, bei denen zum Beispiel mehrere Schienenfahrzeuge oder Kompositionen voneinander getrennt innerhalb des Schienenabschnitts verkehren. Sofern eine Abweichung zu bekannten Signalmustern erkannt wird, kann die Signalisierung entsprechend geändert werden, um den Verkehr anzuhalten, bis die Belegungsinformationen geklärt sind. Ferner wird vorzugsweise eine Plausibilitätsprüfung durchgeführt, bei der nicht nur die Übereinstimmung der Signalmuster, sondern auch der logische Zusammenhang des ermittelten Belegungszustandes mit dem zuvor festgestellten Zustand des Gleisabschnitts, gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung von Verkehrsdaten und/oder Fahrplandaten geprüft wird. Dabei kann das System die ermittelten Daten laufend verifizieren und verbessern. Aufgrund von Signalmustern, die sich regelmässig wiederholen, resultieren wertvolle und zuverlässige Referenzdaten, die gewährleisten, dass Fehler praktisch ausgeschlossen werden können. Für seltene Fälle, in denen eine Übereinstimmung der ermittelten Daten mit den Referenzdaten nicht erreicht werden kann, wird hingegen eine Sicherheitsroutine vorgesehen, welche den Verkehr in den betroffenen Gleisabschnitten beispielsweise still legt, bis die Situation geklärt ist. Vorzugsweise wird somit ein selbstlernendes System realisiert, welches sich laufend an das überwachte System anpasst und komplexe Informationen korrekt verarbeiten kann. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sammelt die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung daher Erfahrungswerte, insbesondere Signalmuster für dazu korrespondierende Belegungszustände. Mit den gesammelten Erfahrungen kann die Vorrichtung in der Folge nicht nur spezifische Belegungen ermitteln, sondern gegebenenfalls sogar zwischen unterschiedlichen Zugskompositionen unterscheiden, die diese Belegungszustände hervorrufen. Aufgrund der gesammelten Daten können Falschmeldungen somit vermieden werden. Bei einer Abweichung von einem ersten Referenz-Signalmuster kann aufgrund der Erfahrungswerte festgestellt werden, dass das vorliegende Signalmuster zu einem weiteren Referenz-Signalmuster passt. Vorzugsweise werden Signalmuster in einer Testphase gesammelt, bevor allfällige Einschränkungen des Betriebs aufgehoben werden. Die Auswertung von Daten kann anhand verschiedener Verfahren einschliesslich neuronaler Netzwerke erfolgen.The response signals can be evaluated in various ways. Particularly advantageously, the response signals can be compared with previously determined signal patterns that correspond to different occupancy states for which the occupancy states are known. In this case, complex occupancy states can be reliably determined, in which, for example, a plurality of rail vehicles or compositions operate separately within the rail section. If a deviation from known signal patterns is detected, the signaling can be changed accordingly to stop the traffic until the allocation information has been clarified. Furthermore, a plausibility check is preferably carried out, in which not only the conformity of the signal pattern but also the logical relationship of the determined occupancy state with the previously determined state of the track section is checked, if necessary taking into account traffic data and / or timetable data. The system can continuously verify and improve the data obtained. Due to signal patterns that repeat regularly, valuable and reliable reference data results ensure that errors can be practically ruled out. For rare cases, in which a match of the determined data with the reference data can not be achieved, however, a safety routine is provided, which shuts down the traffic in the affected track sections, for example, until the situation is resolved. Preferably, therefore, a self-learning system is realized, which constantly adapts to the monitored system and can process complex information correctly. In an advantageous embodiment, the device according to the invention therefore collects empirical values, in particular signal patterns, for corresponding assignment states. With the experience gained, the device can not only determine specific occupancies, but may even distinguish between different train compositions that cause these occupancy states. Due to the collected data, false alarms can thus be avoided. In the case of a deviation from a first reference signal pattern, it can be established on the basis of empirical values that the present signal pattern matches a further reference signal pattern. Preferably, signal patterns are collected in a test phase before any restrictions on operation are removed. The evaluation of data can be done by various methods including neural networks.
Anhand der Erfahrungswerte können ferner störende Signalquellen ermittelt und beseitigt werden. Sofern beispielsweise ein systemfremder Transponder zufällig oder missbräuchlich in den Betriebsbereich der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung gerät, so kann dieser detektiert und beseitigt werden. Ferner können dessen Signale unterdrückt werden, so dass die weitere Messung nicht beeinflusst wird.On the basis of empirical values, interfering signal sources can also be determined and eliminated. If, for example, a system-external transponder accidentally or abusively in the operating range of the inventive device, it can be detected and eliminated. Furthermore, its signals can be suppressed, so that the further measurement is not affected.
Die Antwortmodule der RFID-Technologie können ferner mit periodisch ändernden Passworten ausgerüstet werden, so dass die eingegangenen Signale authentisiert werden können.The response modules of the RFID technology can also be equipped with periodically changing passwords, so that the incoming signals can be authenticated.
Ferner können die Antwortmodule selektiv oder gesamthaft abgefragt werden. Es können alle Verfahren der RFID-Technologie vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. Die Abfrage erfolgt vorzugsweise innerhalb von kurzen zeitlichen Abständen von wenigen Zehntelsekunden bis zu einigen Sekunden.Furthermore, the response modules can be queried selectively or collectively. All methods of RFID technology can be advantageously used. The query is preferably carried out within short time intervals of a few tenths of a second to a few seconds.
Nach der Installation der Vorrichtung, zu Beginn der Testphase, werden die Positionen aller Antwortmodule ermittelt. Beispielsweise werden die Positionen anhand eines Messwagens verifiziert, mit dem die Gleisabschnitte abgefahren werden. Die Positionen der Antwortmodule können daher zumindest mit der Präzision des Global Positioning Systems (GPS) erfasst werden.After installation of the device, at the beginning of the test phase, the positions of all response modules are determined. For example, the positions are verified by means of a measuring carriage with which the track sections are traversed. The positions of the response modules can therefore be detected at least with the precision of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
In vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltungen wird in wenigstens einem der Sektoren des Gleisabschnitts ein Schalter vorgesehen, der geschlossen wird, um einen Belegungszustand zu simulieren und die Anlage zu prüfen oder um den Gleisabschnitt zu unterteilen und die Teile separat zu vermessen.In preferred embodiments, a switch is provided in at least one of the sectors of the track section, which is closed to simulate an occupancy state and to test the plant or to divide the track section and to measure the parts separately.
Die Vorrichtung kann daher periodisch, in zeitlichen Abständen von wenigen Sekunden nicht nur den Belegungszustand, sondern auch die einwandfreie Funktion der Anlage prüfen. Anhand der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung können somit wertvolle zusätzliche Informationen hinsichtlich des Belegungszustandes des Schienenabschnitts gewonnen werden, deren Integrität durch periodische Prüfung der Anlage gesichert werden kann.The device can therefore periodically check at intervals of a few seconds not only the occupancy state, but also the proper operation of the system. With the aid of the device according to the invention, valuable additional information regarding the occupancy state of the rail section can thus be obtained, the integrity of which can be ensured by periodic testing of the system.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung kann vorteilhaft an Änderungen des Gleissystems angepasst und für die Gewährleistung der Sicherheit des Personals bei der Durchführung solcher Änderungen eingesetzt werden. Bei Gleisarbeiten werden Antwortmodule wahlweise an den kritischen Stellen gesetzt oder installiert. Beispielsweise werden Antwortmodule vor und nach einer Baustelle installiert, so dass die Überwachung und Steuerung des Schienenverkehrs in diesem bereich anhand der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung erfolgen kann. Zu beachten ist, diese temporären Erweiterungen der Vorrichtung, die grosse Vorteile mit sich bringen, keinen nennenswerten Aufwand verursachen. Dabei werden vorzugsweise programmierbare Antwortmodule eingesetzt, mittels denen Statusinformationen an die Leitstelle abgegeben werden können. Beispielsweise können mittels der temporär eingesetzten Antwortmodule der Beginn, der Stand und der Abschluss der Bauarbeiten sowie bestimmte Anforderungen, wie eine zulässige Maximalgeschwindigkeit, zur Messvorrichtung übertragen werden. Die Leitstelle kann daher den Fortschritt der Arbeiten verfolgen und den Verkehr entsprechend steuern oder umleiten.The device according to the invention can advantageously be adapted to changes in the track system and used to ensure the safety of the personnel when carrying out such changes. For track work, response modules are either set or installed at critical points. For example, response modules are installed before and after a construction site, so that the monitoring and control of rail transport in this area on the basis of the inventive device can be done. It should be noted that these temporary extensions of the device, which bring great benefits, cause no significant effort. In this case, preferably programmable response modules are used by means of which status information can be delivered to the control center. For example, by means of the temporarily used response modules, the beginning, the status and the completion of the construction work as well as certain requirements, such as a permissible maximum speed, can be transmitted to the measuring device. The control center can therefore monitor the progress of the work and control or redirect the traffic accordingly.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren kann vorteilhaft mit Verfahren der Verkehrslenkung kombiniert werden, durch die gewährleistet wird, dass der Verkehr effizient und ökonomisch abgewickelt wird. Gemäss [9], Markus Halder, Das SBB Energiesparprogramm, suissetraffic Fachtagung Bahntechnologie - Energieoptimierung, 13. November 2009, wird mit einem Energiesparprogramm der SBB eine Energieeinsparung von 47 GWh angestrebt. 37 GWh entfallen davon auf eine optimierte Betriebsführung bzw. Betriebsleitung und einen optimierten Fahrbetrieb. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung und das Verfahren stellen dem Verkehrsleitsystem und den Lokomotivführern grundlegende Informationen zur Verfügung, welche es erlauben, den Verkehr optimal zu steuern und einen flüssigen Verkehrsablauf zu gewährleisten. Aufgrund der ermittelten Positionsdaten können für die Schienenfahrzeuge optimale Geschwindigkeiten berechnet werden, mit denen die Destinationen mit einer minimalen Anzahl von Brems- und Beschleunigungsvorgängen und somit mit einem Minimum an Energieverbrauch und einem Maximum an Fahrkomfort erreicht werden können.The method according to the invention can advantageously be combined with methods of traffic control, which ensure that the traffic is handled efficiently and economically. According to [9], Markus Halder, The SBB Energy Saving Program, suissetraffic Railway Technology Conference - Energy Optimization, November 13, 2009, an energy saving program by SBB aims for energy savings of 47 GWh. 37 GWh account for an optimized operation management and / or operation management and an optimized driving operation. The device and the method according to the invention provide the traffic management system and the locomotive drivers with basic information which makes it possible to optimally control the traffic and to ensure a smooth traffic flow. Based on the determined position data optimal speeds can be calculated for the rail vehicles, with which the destinations can be achieved with a minimum number of braking and acceleration processes and thus with a minimum of energy consumption and a maximum of driving comfort.
Für die Umsetzung der mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung gewonnenen Informationen werden vorzugsweise alle vorhandenen Kommunikations-, Steuerungs- und Sicherungssysteme, wie das ETCS (European Train Control System) eingesetzt. Die vom Steuerungssystem (z.B. ETCS) gewonnen Informationen können vorteilhaft mit den Informationen verknüpft werden, die mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung gewonnen werden. Während mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren der Belegungszustand mit den Positionen der Schienenfahrzeuge ermittelt werden kann, werden vom Steuerungssystem die Identifikationsnummern bzw. Zugnummern der Schienenfahrzeuge ermittelt. Anhand der Zugnummer können in der Folge die Eigenschaften der Schienenfahrzeuge bzw. der Fahrzeugkompositionen ermittelt und daraus geeignete Steuerdaten abgeleitet werden. Beispielsweise wird ermittelt, dass eine erste Fahrzeugkomposition ein Personenzug mit einem kurzen Bremsweg und eine zweite Fahrzeugkomposition ein Güterzug mit einem längeren Bremsweg ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der Bremswege und der Fahrtrichtungen können daher unter Beachtung des erforderlichen Abstandes die optimalen Fahrgeschwindigkeiten berechnet werden.For the implementation of the information obtained with the inventive device preferably all existing communication, control and security systems, such as the ETCS (European Train Control System) are used. The information obtained by the control system (eg ETCS) can be advantageously linked to the information obtained with the inventive device. While the occupation state with the positions of the rail vehicles can be determined with the method according to the invention, the identification numbers or train numbers of the rail vehicles are determined by the control system. On the basis of the train number, the properties of the rolling stock or of the vehicle compositions can be determined in the sequence and derived therefrom suitable control data. For example, it is determined that a first vehicle composition is a passenger train with a short braking distance and a second vehicle composition is a freight train with a longer braking distance. Taking into account the braking distances and the directions of travel, the optimum travel speeds can therefore be calculated taking into account the required distance.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung 1, die der Überwachung von Gleisabschnitten n-1, n, n+1 dient, die zwei parallel geführte Schienen A, B mit gegeneinander isolierten Schienenabschnitten An; Bn und wenigstens einen Einkopplungspunkt und/
3A1, 3B1 aufweisen, über den von wenigstens einer Messvorrichtung 10n; 10n+1 Abfragesignale einkoppelbar und durchoder Auskopplungspunkt Antwortmodule 51; 511, 512 beeinflusste Antwortsignale daraus auskoppelbar sind; - Fig. 2
- den Gleisabschnitt
n von Figur 1 mit Antwortmodulen 51; 511, 512, die Hochfrequenz-Vorrichtungen aufweisen; - Fig. 3
- den Gleisabschnitt
n von Figur 1 51, 52, 53, 54, ... 5Z, die RFID-Transponder aufweisen, die mit den Schienenabschnitten An, Bn galvanisch verbunden sind;mit Antwortmodulen - Fig. 4
- den Gleisabschnitt
n von Figur 3 51, 52, 53, 54, ... 5Z, die induktiv mit den Schienenabschnitten An, Bn gekoppelt werden, sobald Fahrzeugachsen 91 in den Gleisabschnitt n einfahren; undmit Antwortmodulen - Fig. 5
- die
Vorrichtung von Figur 1 mit einerMessvorrichtung 10, welche Gleisabschnitte nT, nR mehrerer Fahrspuren T, R überwacht.
- Fig. 1
- an
inventive device 1, which serves to monitor track sections n-1, n, n + 1, the two parallel rails A, B with mutually insulated rail sections A n ; B n and at least one coupling-in point and / or coupling-out 3 A1 , 3 B1 , via which at least onepoint measuring device 10 n ; 10 n + 1 interrogation signals can be coupled in and byanswer modules 5 1 ; 5 11 , 5 12 influenced response signals can be decoupled therefrom; - Fig. 2
- the track section n of
FIG. 1 withresponse modules 5 1 ; 5 11 , 5 12 having high frequency devices; - Fig. 3
- the track section n of
FIG. 1 with 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z , which have RFID transponders, which are galvanically connected to the rail sections A n, B n ;answer modules - Fig. 4
- the track section n of
FIG. 3 with 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , ... 5 Z , which are inductively coupled to the rail sections A n, B n as soon asresponse modules vehicle axles 91 enter the track section n; and - Fig. 5
- the device of
FIG. 1 with a measuringdevice 10, which track sections n T , n R of several lanes T, R monitors.
Dazu ist der Gleisabschnitt n in einen oder mehrere Sektoren S1, ..., Sz unterteilt, in denen je wenigstens eines der Antwortmodule 5 angeordnet ist. In den Vorrichtungen der
Bei der Vorrichtung von
In
Die Messvorrichtung 10 überwacht daher vorzugsweise mehrere Sektoren S1, ..., Sz eines Schienenabschnitts n und vorzugsweise einen benachbarten Schienenabschnitt n-1; n+1 oder einen Sektor S davon. Grundsätzlich kann eine Messvorrichtung 10 auch mehrere Schienenabschnitte n-1, n, n+1 überwachen.The measuring
Jede Messvorrichtung 10; 10n, 10n+1 umfasst vorzugsweise eine Sendeeinheit 11, eine Empfangseinheit 12, einen Signalprozessor 13 und eine Schnittstelleneinheit 14, über die eine Kommunikation mit einem Leitrechner 100 erfolgen kann. Grundsätzlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, dass eine separate Sendeeinheit 11 mit ersten Kopplungspunkten 3A1, 3B1 und eine separate Empfangseinheit 12 mit zweiten Kopplungspunkten 3Ap, 3Bq verbunden ist. Sofern verschiedene Messvorrichtungen 10; 10n, 10n+1 vorgesehen sind, so können diese auch vorteilhaft miteinander zusammenwirken. Eine der Messvorrichtungen 10n+1 kann Abfragesignale an einem Ende des Schienenabschnitts n einspeisen, die von der zweiten Messvorrichtung 10n erfasst werden.Each measuring
Der Gleisabschnitt n wird anhand der Antwortmodule 5; 51; 511, 512; 52, 53, 54, ... 5Z zu einer Art Schwingungssystem ausgebaut, welches nach einer Anregung in einen Schwingungszustand gerät oder Zustandsänderungen durchläuft und/oder Antwortsignale erzeugt und überträgt. Die Antwort des Gleisabschnitts bzw. die Signalisierung der Zustände, der Zustandsänderungen und die Übertragung von Antwortsignale sind dabei vom Belegungszustand des Gleisabschnitts n abhängig. Die Komplexität dieser Antwort kann durch den Einbau der Antwortmodule 5; 51; 511, 512; 52, 53, 54, ... 5Z beliebig erweitert werden, um eine Vielzahl von Informationen zu gewinnen, so dass auch geringfügige aber sicherheitsrelevante Zustandsänderungen, wie z.B. die selbsttätige Entkopplung eines Güterwagens, sicher erfasst werden können.The track section n is based on the
Damit der Gleisabschnitt n auch bei Belegung mit einer oder mehreren Fahrzeugachsen noch als Schwingungssystem funktioniert oder Teilschwingungssysteme aufweist, welche die gewünschten Informationen liefern, ist es erforderlich, dass die Widerstände der Gleisabschnitte genügend hoch und die Innenwiderstände der angeschlossenen Sende- und Empfangseinheiten 11, 12 genügend tief sind. Vorzugsweise wird der Widerstand wenigstens eines der Schienenabschnitte An; Bn erhöht, indem ein Schienenabschnitt An; Bn in Segmente unterteilt wird, zwischen denen elektrische Impedanzen 4A1, 4A2, ..., 4AZ-1, eingefügt werden. Beispielsweise werden die Stirnseiten von benachbarten Schienenstücken durch Spulen miteinander verbunden, die einen erhöhten Übergangswiderstand für Abfragesignale aufweisen, Gleichstrom jedoch ungehindert passieren lassen.In order for the track section n to function as a vibration system even when occupied by one or more vehicle axles, or to have partial vibration systems which provide the desired information, it is necessary for the resistances of the track sections to be sufficiently high and for the internal resistances of the connected transmitting and receiving
Die Länge der Sektoren S1, ..., Sz wird gemäss den jeweiligen Erfordernissen gewählt. An Knotenpunkten werden beispielsweise sehr kurze Sektoren S1, ..., Sz vorgesehen. Zur Gewinnung von Informationen in den Sektoren S1, ..., Sz, erfolgt die Einkopplung von Abfragesignalen und/oder die Auskopplung von Antwortsignalen an den zugehörigen Kopplungspunkten 3A1, 3A2, ...; 3B1, 3B2, ....The length of the sectors S1, ..., Sz is chosen according to the respective requirements. At junctions, for example, very short sectors S1, ..., Sz are provided. To obtain information in the sectors S1, ..., Sz, the coupling of interrogation signals and / or the extraction of response signals at the associated coupling points 3 A1 , 3 A2 , ...; 3 B1 , 3 B2 , ....
Mittels der Antwortmodule 5; 51; 511, 512; 52, 53, 54, ... 5Z werden die Abfragesignale individuell modifiziert, wobei der Grad der Modifikation gering oder sehr gross sein kann. Beispielsweise kann ein Antwortmodul 5 die Amplitude eines Signals in einem bestimmten Frequenzbereich erhöhen oder reduzieren. Ferner kann ein Antwortmodul 5 nach Anlegen einer Gleichspannung periodisch Telegramme als Antwortsignale aussenden. Wesentlich ist, dass die Rückmeldung oder die Beeinflussung des Abfragesignals einen Rückschluss auf das dafür verantwortliche Antwortmodul 5 erlaubt und diese Signaländerung bei Änderung des Belegungszustands des Gleisabschnitts ebenfalls ändert. Erfindungsgemäss können daher verschiedene Antwortmodule 5 eingesetzt werden, welche Informationen in analoger oder digitaler Form retournieren können.By means of the
Anhand der
In
Somit ist es möglich, den Gleisabschnitt n mit mehr als einer Zugskomposition 9 zu befahren. Die Vermessung der Zugskompositionen erfolgt vorteilhaft bei der Einfahrt und der Ausfahrt aus dem Gleisabschnitt n. Wie dies beschrieben wurde, können durch Einkopplung von Abfragesignalen und Auskopplung von Antwortsignalen in verschiedenen Sektoren S innerhalb des Gleisabschnitts n zusätzliche Informationen über den Zustand und das Verhalten der Zugskompositionen gewonnen werden, so dass der Belegungszustand des Gleisabschnitts n präzise abgebildet werden kann. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, Gleisabschnitte, die bisher als voll ausgelastet galten, besser zu nutzen, so dass die Kapazität des gesamten Eisenbahnnetzes signifikant erhöht werden kann.Thus, it is possible to drive the track section n with more than one
Dabei können bereits installierte Sicherungsanlagen ergänzend zur erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise kann eine Vorrichtung zur Achszählung, wie sie in [1], Seiten 305-316, beschrieben ist, vorteilhaft in Kombination mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung eingesetzt werden. Vorrichtungen zur Achszählung werden beispielsweise dann eingesetzt, wenn das Gleis nicht isoliert werden kann, z.B. weil Eisenschwellen verwendet werden, oder wenn die Länge des zu kontrollierenden Gleisabschnitts oder der Speisekabel zu gross ist. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung kann daher auf einem bestehenden System aufgebaut werden und die bestehenden Ressourcen nutzen, so dass optimale Ergebnisse und eine optimale Sicherheit gewährleistet sind. Da die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung mit längerer Betriebsdauer stetig an Erfahrungswerten und Sicherheit gewinnt, dienen bestehende Sicherheitssysteme insbesondere einer raschen Inbetriebnahme der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung nach der Installation. Die Prüfphase wird durch die bestehenden Sicherheitssysteme vorteilhaft unterstützt.In this case, already installed security systems can be used in addition to the inventive device. For example, an apparatus for axle counting, as described in [1], pages 305-316, can be advantageously used in combination with the device according to the invention. Axis counting devices are used, for example, when the track can not be isolated, e.g. because iron sleepers are used, or if the length of the track section or feeder cable to be inspected is too long. The inventive device can therefore be built on an existing system and use the existing resources, so that optimal results and optimum safety are guaranteed. Since the device according to the invention, with a longer service life, steadily gains experience and safety, existing safety systems serve, in particular, for a quick startup of the device according to the invention after installation. The test phase is advantageously supported by the existing safety systems.
In
In den einzelnen Sektoren S ist vorzugsweise je ein Schalter 63, 64 vorgesehen, mittels denen die beiden Schienenabschnitte An, Bn galvanisch wahlweise miteinander verbindbar sind, so dass auch in Abwesenheit einer Fahrzeugachse 91 beliebige Schlaufen gebildet werden können. Auf diese Weise kann die Anwesenheit einer Fahrzeugachse simuliert und die Vorrichtung getestet werden.In the individual sectors S, a
-
[1]
R. Hämmerli, Die Grundsätze der Sicherungsanlagen für den Eisenbahnbetrieb, Bd. 1, Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB, Februar 1990 R. Hämmerli, The Principles of Railway Safety Systems, Vol. 1, Swiss Federal Railways SBB, February 1990 -
[2]
US 7,523,893 US 7,523,893 -
[3]
US 20030105560A1 US 20030105560A1 -
[4]
US 20040267415A1 US 20040267415A1 -
[5]
US 5682139A US 5682139A -
[6]
US 7317987B2 US 7317987B2 -
[7]
DE 19822803A1 DE 19822803A1 -
[8]
Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID-Handbuch, 3. Auflage, Carl Hanser Verlag, München 2002, beschrieben (siehe z.B. die Seiten 29-62 Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook, 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2002, described (see, for example, pages 29-62 -
[9]
Markus Halder, Das SBB Energiesparprogramm, suissetraffic Fachtagung Bahntechnologie - Energieoptimierung, 13. November 2009 Markus Halder, The SBB Energy Saving Program, suissetraffic Conference Rail Technology - Energy Optimization, 13 November 2009
Claims (15)
- Method for monitoring track sections (n-1, n, n+1), which are travelled by rail vehicles (9), having two rails (A, B) arranged in parallel, which have mutually insulated rail sections (An; Bn) and which have at least one incoupling point (3A1, 3B1) and at least one outcoupling point (3A1, 3B1), via which at least one measurement device (10n; 10n+1) couples inputs interrogation signals into at least one of track sections (n) to be monitored and couples response signals out therefrom, characterized in that the interrogation signals are coupled into the at least one incoupling point (3A1, 3B1) and response signals are coupled out of the at least one outcoupling point (3A1, 3B1) and
that the track section (n) is subdivided into one or more sectors (S1, ..., Sz), in each of which at least one response module (51; 511, 512) is connected to the two rail sections (An; Bn) or is arranged between, which individually changes signals supplied by the measurement device (10n; 10n+1) or provides individual response signals related thereto to the rail sections (An; Bn) and that the at least one measurement device (10n; 10n+1) examines the change in the signals and/or the individual response signals and assigns the signals to a corresponding occupancy state. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement device (10n; 10n+1) comprises a transmitter unit (11), which outputs an interrogation signal in the form of an at least temporarily applied DC voltage or in the form of an at least temporarily applied AC voltage, wherein the interrogation signals is supplied as broadband pulse or as a continuous signal with one or more frequencies or as a signal with changing frequencies.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the response modules (51; 511, 512) contain one or more high-frequency units, such as parallel resonant circuits or active or passive transponder modules, which are inductively coupled, directly or indirectly, to the rail sections (An; Bn).
- Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that two response modules (511, 512) are arranged within a sector (S1, ..., Sz) at a distance which is preferably smaller than the smallest distance between two axles of a rail vehicle (9) or of a vehicle composition, so that the two response modules (511, 512), when the rail vehicle (9) passes over, deliver signal changes at short time intervals which are used for counting the axles and/or for determining the vehicle speed.
- Method according to one of the claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the analysis of response signals received continuously or after emitting a pulse comprises a frequency analysis, optionally by means of a Fourier transformation and/or an extraction of digital signals corresponding to the response modules (51; 511, 512).
- Method according to one of the claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the response signals are compared with previously determined signal patterns, which correspond to different occupancy states, in order to determine the current, in which none, one or more mutually coupled or separated rail vehicles (9) travel in the track section (n).
- Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the determined analysis data are subjected to a plausibility check, in which the permissibility of the sequence of the sequentially determined signal patterns is examined, and/or in that the determined analysis data are subjected to a plausibility check, in which the determined occupancy states are compared with known traffic data and/or timetable data.
- Method according to one of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the coupling in of interrogation signals and the coupling out of response signals is carried out,a) at the same or different coupling points (3A1, 3B1) of the first and/or second track section (An; Bn); orb) at different coupling points (3A1, 3B1); (3Ap, 3Bq), which are located at opposite ends of the track section (An; Bn); orc) at different coupling points (3A1, 3B1; ... 3Ap, 3Bq), which are located at opposite ends of the track section (An; Bn) or there between; ord) repetitively or selectively at different coupling points (3A1, 3B1; ... 3Ap, 3Bq), which are located at opposite ends of the track section (An; Bn) or there between; ore) depending on a determined occupancy state, in order to very find this occupancy state or in order to determine the state of rail vehicles, which travel in the track sections (n) coupled or decoupled from one another.
- Method according to one of the claims 1-8, characterized in that in at least one sector (S1, ..., Sz) of the track section (n) a switch (63; 64) is provided, which is being closed for stimulating an occupancy state and for testing the installation or in order to subdivide the track section (n) and to measure the parts separately.
- Method according to one of the claims 1-9, characterized in that based on the information determined, control data are sent to the rail vehicles, in order to control their speed.
- Device for a method according to claim 1 for monitoring track sections (n-1, n, n+1), which are travelled by rail vehicles (9), having two rails (A, B) arranged in parallel, which have mutually insulated rail sections (An; Bn) and which have at least one incoupling point (3A1, 3B1) and at least one outcoupling point (3A1, 3B1), via which from at least one measurement device (10n; 10n+1) interrogation signals are coupleable into at least one of track sections (n) to be monitored and response signals are coupleable out therefrom, characterized in that the interrogation signals are coupleable into the at least one incoupling point (3A1, 3B1) and response signals are coupleable out of the at least one outcoupling point (3A1, 3B1) and that that the track section (n) is subdivided into one or more sectors (S1, ..., Sz), in each of which at least one response module (51; 511, 512) is connected to the two rail sections (An; Bn) or is arranged between, with which the signals supplied by the measurement device (10n; 10n+1) are individually changeable or for which individual response signals are deliverable to the rail sections (An; Bn), whereby the change of the signals and/or the individual response signals can be examined by the measurement device (10n; 10n+1) and can be assigned to a corresponding occupancy state.
- Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the measurement device (10n; 10n+1) comprisesa) a transmitter unit (11), which serves for generating interrogation signals in the form of an at least temporarily applied DC voltage or in the form of an at least temporarily applied AC voltage,b) a receiver unit (12), which serves for continuously or temporarily receiving the response signals, andc) a signal processor (SP), which serves for evaluating the response signals, in order to determine, if appropriate by Fourier analysis, the amplitude and the frequencies or digital information.
- Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the response modules (51; 511, 512) contain one or more high-frequency units, such as parallel resonant circuits or active or passive transponder modules, which are inductively coupled, directly or indirectly, to the rail sections (An; Bn) and that within one sector (S1, ..., Sz) preferably two response modules (511, 512) are arranged in a distance, that is preferably smaller than the distance between the axles of a radio vehicle (9).
- Device according to one of the claims 11-13, characterized in that at one or both ends of the track section (n) coupling points (3A1, 3B1); (3Ap, 3Bq) for the coupling in of interrogation signals and the coupling out of response signals, and/or that preferably each sector (S1, ..., Sz) is provided with coupling points (3A1, 3B1; ... 3Ap, 3Bq), in which the at least one measurement device (10n; 10n+1) can selectively couple interrogation signals in or out.
- Device according to one of the claims 11-13, characterized in that in the at least one sector (S1, ..., Sz) of the track section (n) a switch (63; 64) is provided, which is selectively closable for stimulating an occupancy state and for testing the installation or in order to subdivide the track section (n) and/or that at least one of the rail sections (An) is subdivided in segments, which are separated from one another by components (4A1, 4A2, ...), which serve as impedances.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11166371.2A EP2524852B1 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2011-05-17 | Method and device for monitoring a section of a rail |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP11166371.2A EP2524852B1 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2011-05-17 | Method and device for monitoring a section of a rail |
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EP2524852A1 EP2524852A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
EP2524852B1 true EP2524852B1 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
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EP11166371.2A Active EP2524852B1 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2011-05-17 | Method and device for monitoring a section of a rail |
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ITRM20130666A1 (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-03 | Giuseppe Fazio | AUTOMATIC BLOCK SYSTEM WITH CODIFIED CURRENTS WITHOUT THE USE OF INSULATED JOINTS AND COMPATIBLE WITH THE CURRENT ON-BOARD SUBSYSTEM INSTALLED ON RAILWAY VEHICLES |
WO2016016911A2 (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2016-02-04 | Giuseppe Fazio | Low attenuation and high performance track circuit |
EP2990294B1 (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2017-10-18 | Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB | Device and method of controlling the suspension of railway vehicles |
CN118270066A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-07-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Track section state detection system, method, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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FR2731974B1 (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1998-09-11 | Robert Jean | RAIL TRAFFIC MONITORING DEVICE |
US5682139A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-10-28 | General Electric Company | Railcar location using mutter networks and locomotive transmitter during transit |
IT1281830B1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1998-03-03 | Sasib Railway S P A | AUDIO FREQUENCY TRACK CIRCUIT WITH DATA TRANSMISSION (C.D.B..DIGITAL): TRANSCEIVER INTERFACE. |
DE19822803A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Alcatel Sa | Process for operating rail vehicles and train control center and vehicle device therefor |
JP3723766B2 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2005-12-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Train control method and apparatus |
AUPS123702A0 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-04-18 | Nahla, Ibrahim S. Mr | The train navigtion and control system (TNCS) for multiple tracks |
FR2856645B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2005-08-26 | Alstom | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING TRAINS, ESPECIALLY OF THE ERTMS TYPE |
GB2418051A (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-15 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Backup system for detecting a vehicle which may not cause a track circuit to operate. |
DE102006024691A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Siemens Ag | Device for detecting the occupancy or leisure state of a track section |
DE102006024692B4 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-05-29 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for detecting the occupancy or free status of a track section |
US7823841B2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2010-11-02 | General Electric Company | System and method for broken rail and train detection |
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