EP2500658B1 - Heating device with a combustion chamber for burning biomass material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heating device with a combustion chamber for combustion of biomass-based fuel, as stated in claim 1.

A large number of heating devices are known from the prior art, which pursue the goal of achieving the highest possible thermal efficiency. Especially in central heating appliances for burning fossil, liquid or gaseous fuels, a plurality of technical measures are known with which the temperature of the flue gas can be kept relatively low when passing into a fireplace or the heat energy withdrawn from the flue gas is relatively high. For this purpose, among other heat exchangers are provided, in which the flue gas is passed through a plurality of horizontally or spirally extending flues, so that the highest possible proportion of the heat energy contained in a heat transfer medium, usually water, is discharged. Such heat exchangers are well suited in the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels, after only very small amounts of combustion residues, in particular soot or ash occur. In heaters for burning of solid fuels, especially biomass in the form of wood or pellets, these prior art designs of heat exchangers are not very satisfactory. In addition, these prior art designs for integration into heaters, which are set up directly in a living room, especially in conjunction with so-called stoves, only partially suitable.

EP 2187145 A2 discloses a heater having a combustion chamber, a latent heat storage and a combustion gas guide, wherein the combustion gas guide is at least partially guided by the latent heat storage. The combustion gas guide off EP 2187145 A2 has a vertical section, a lower horizontal section and a further vertical section, which merges at the end into an outflow opening.

EP 1022512 A1 discloses a cooking and / or baking oven for operation with a pellet heat source, which has a combustion chamber, a reservoir for fuel, a Fuel feed device, a fireplace, and a smoke outlet channel with an end region related to the flow direction with a flue gas nozzle comprises.

DE 19806428 A1 discloses a heating device having a combustion chamber with a downstream flue gas channel, which runs substantially parallel to a combustion chamber cover plate. Likewise, a heat exchanger is disclosed in D3, which projects at least partially into the flue gas channel.

DE 9218953 U1 discloses a solid fuel furnace comprising a combustion chamber, a flue gas duct with a flue gas fan, a flue gas outlet and a heat exchanger arranged in the flue gas duct, wherein the heat exchanger flows through fresh air against the flow direction of the flue gas.

The present invention has for its object to provide a heater which has increased functionality or multiple functionality, so that among other things, the operating comfort and efficiency can be increased. In particular, a heating device for direct installation in residential areas is to be created, which, in addition to increased ease of use and / or ease of use, also offers the highest possible degree of efficiency with regard to the heat energy provided.

This object of the invention is achieved by a heating device with the features of claim 1.
One advantage of the measures according to the invention is that, despite the compact construction of the heating device, a high degree of efficiency is achieved with respect to the heat energy provided by the heating device and used to heat the ambient air. In particular, when the channel sections to form the flue gas ducts of the heat exchanger in the vertical direction almost over the entire height, in particular about up to 70 to 90% of the overall height of the heater extend, a relatively high proportion of the heat energy contained in the flue gas can be withdrawn and be transferred by heat transfer directly to the ambient air. By the at least two vertically aligned, juxtaposed and thereby fluidly connected in series channel sections a relatively long flow path for the flue gas is constructed so that an intense heat transfer to the preferably metallic wall sections of the corresponding structure Heat exchanger is guaranteed. The vertical arrangement and series connection of the individual, juxtaposed channel sections results in an optimized overall ratio between required space or space requirement and the ultimately achievable thermal efficiency. The U-shape or meandering shape of the flue gas duct in the heat exchanger, wherein the legs of the U- or meandering channel sections are vertically or vertically aligned, also has cleaning advantages, since combustion particles or soot accumulate primarily in the bottom region of the heat exchanger and thereby a concentrated, collected removal of any soot or combustion particles is possible. In contrast to a horizontal course of flue gas ducts so is the cleaning ability or maintainability of the specified heat exchanger of the heater comparatively low. Another advantage of the embodiment of the invention is that the inlet for the flue gas in the heat exchanger and the outlet for the flue gas from the heat exchanger are each formed in the upper end portion of the heater, so that any contamination of the environment when completing a used heater from a dwelling-side chimney are minimized. In particular, by the arrangement of the flue gas outlet in the upper end portion of the heater, the probability or the risk of contamination of the environment when completing the heater of a flue pipe or a corresponding fireplace is comparatively low. In addition, the predominantly vertical course of the channel sections favors a cleaning of the vertical flues in the heat exchanger with a broom or with suction devices, since the gravitational effect on the soot or combustion article favors or supports their removal or removal.

It is advantageous according to the invention in this case also that the channel sections to form a flue gas channel are formed by cross-sectionally open metal profiles, for example by cross-sectionally substantially C- or U-shaped metal profiles, which in conjunction with metallic wall sections of the oven housing, in particular in conjunction with a The combustion chamber rear wall of the furnace housing, the gas-tight flue gas channel closed transversely to the flow direction of the flue gases, since a part of the boundary surfaces or boundary walls of the heat exchanger is defined or formed by subsections of the metallic furnace housing. As a result, the total required material requirement for the corresponding heating device can be kept as low as possible, whereby economic advantages can be achieved. In addition, thereby the total weight of the heater kept low. In addition, as intense as possible heat transfer from the flue gas to the metallic sections or components of the heater or the heat exchanger is achieved so that the flue gas as much heat energy is withdrawn. In addition, the metallic channel sections or the metal profiles used for stiffening the furnace housing can be used, so that the metallic support structure of the furnace housing may have a relatively low rigidity, after the furnace housing in conjunction with the metal profiles to create the heat exchanger in its rigidity or stability positive being affected. This also allows better account to be taken of high economic and energy-related requirements.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 2, since characterized the flue gas blower is positioned in a thermally favorable, especially in a relatively cool section of the heater. The technical requirements of the flue gas blower or its thermal load are thus as low as possible, resulting in, among other things, advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness or operational reliability. Another advantage is that the flue gas blower itself, in particular its air duct or connection sections can form at least part of the connection or transfer channel between fluidically immediately consecutive vertical channel sections. The number of additionally required components is kept as low as possible or thereby fulfill the already required or existing air ducts or end sections of the flue gas blower at the same time the function of a flow connection between successive, to be switched in series channel sections. An essential advantage of this design is also that the flue gas blower is formed in the bottom portion of the channel sections and in this bottom-side section gradually or increasingly accumulating soot particles or combustion residues by the relatively high negative pressure or pressure values of the flue gas blower due to the vicinity of the Flue gas blower optimally transported or weitergefördert. That is, accumulations of soot particles in the bottom portion of the vertical channel portions are minimized by the placement of the smoke gas blower in this bottom end portion. In particular, the flue gas blower has its greatest fluidic performance in its immediate vicinity or connection region, so that the tendency toward particle or soot accumulations in the bottom region or in the lower end section of the heat exchanger is clearly obstructed.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 3, since thereby the entire back or rear wall of the heater and thus the rear wall of the combustion chamber can be used for the arrangement or attachment of the heat exchanger. In particular, this achieves an intensive heat transfer from the flue gas to the ambient air of the heating device. A further advantage is that the corresponding channel sections or the heat exchanger formed therewith can meet technical aspects with regard to an increase in efficiency, and in particular can have a plurality of distributed heat-dissipating webs. Due to the back placement of these channel sections while no design or optical impairments are caused after the heat exchanger is assigned by the rear mounting on the furnace housing mostly wall sections and the heat exchanger is hardly or not visible by a user. This means that as a result the heat exchanger can be optimally designed with respect to the thermal efficiency and, due to the usual assignment to a wall in the respective living area, no impairment of the visual appearance of the heating device occurs. In addition, it can also be formed on the surface of the heat exchanger striking or relatively sharp-edged projections. Due to the closest, immediate assignment to a wall in a living room to be heated, these projections are not or difficult to access, so that the risk of injury is highly unlikely or no additional trim elements for example, knob-like or web-like projections on the surface of the corresponding heat exchanger required are. Also, the manufacturing cost can be reduced thereby, whereby the efficiency of the specified heater is increased.

Another advantage is the development according to claim 4, as this also represent greater manufacturing tolerances no problems in terms of the required gas-tightness of the heat exchanger, whereby the efficiency of the heater is further favored. In addition, thermal expansion and consequent stresses can not lead to leaks of the heat exchanger by these measures, so that a particularly high reliability and reliability is guaranteed. Furthermore is favored by the connection of the metal profiles with the corresponding wall sections of the heater, in particular by the mechanical connection with the rear wall of the furnace housing, the overall achievable rigidity or dimensional stability of the furnace housing.

Another advantage are the measures according to claim 5, as this spatially relatively complex metal profiles can be produced as economically as possible. In addition, such metal profiles made of cast iron provide optimized heat transfer capacity. In addition, such, one-piece metal profiles made of cast iron can take on a variety of desirable or required functions or fulfill, whereby the variety of parts can be kept within limits.

But also advantageous are the measures according to claim 6, since an enlarged heat transfer surface is created without thereby increasing the required construction volume of the heat exchanger. In particular, a relatively intensive heat transfer is achieved starting from the hot flue gas on the metallic boundary surfaces of the heat exchanger.

But also advantageous are the measures according to claim 7, since this is the most intense heat transfer possible, starting from the metallic surfaces of the heat exchanger to the surrounding ambient air. In particular, the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger can thereby be increased in a simple manner.

Another advantage is the further development measures according to claim 8, since this is a quasi turbulent turbulence of the ambient air and thus an intense heat transfer from the surface of the heat exchanger to the ambient air can be achieved. In particular, the upwardly rising, by thermal convection, increasingly warming ambient air is deflected or swirled at the inclined protrusions, so that the heat transfer performance is favored from the vertically oriented, wall-like heat exchanger surfaces to the ambient air.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 9, as this almost the entire or a relatively far-reaching height of the heater is utilized to the hot Flue gas to withdraw as much heat energy. In addition, an improved cleanliness is achieved when completing and re-connecting the heater to a chimney or a flue gas pipe. In addition, this makes it possible to place the heater as close as possible to the boundary wall of a room can, without difficulty with respect to the integration into a flue of a chimney occur.

Furthermore, the measures according to claim 10 are advantageous since the most economical construction possible is created after sections of the flue gas blower can function as subsections of the transfer or connecting channel between the vertically extending channel section. In addition, a sufficiently stable or sufficiently rapid flue gas flow is achieved in the flue gas channel and thus ensures optimized combustion of the fuel. Of particular advantage is further that thereby accumulations of soot or combustion residues in the lower end portion or in the bottom portion of the heat exchanger can be avoided or kept behind, after the positioned there flue gas blower larger accumulations or accumulations as far as possible. In particular, the flow conditions in the bottom section of the heat exchanger are such that gradual accumulations can be avoided or accumulating particles can be removed continuously. This is especially true when the flue gas blower is switched to increased delivery or flow capacity in the short term. In particular, this can be used to create a need-based, periodic or otherwise controlled cleaning of the heat exchanger. The efficiency of the heat exchanger can thus be kept relatively high or in an optimal range over a longer period of time.

The measures according to claim 11 are also advantageous, since thereby the flue gases rising in the combustion chamber are only diverted from the upper end section of the combustion chamber, whereby a sufficient residence time is present in order to be able to transfer the heat energy to the wall sections and the cover surface of the heating device. In addition, this reduces the likelihood that fluidized combustion residues or constituents of the fuel material get into the heat exchanger, whereby its efficiency can be maintained as long as possible at an elevated level. In particular, impurities of the heat exchanger by the transfer of flue gas in the flue the heat exchanger kept as low as possible starting from the upper end portion of the combustion chamber.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 12, since in a simple manner an air duct between the channel sections or metal profiles of the heat exchanger is formed, which favors the heat transfer to the ambient air or the heat extraction from the metallic surfaces of the heat exchanger. In addition, the convection effect is exploited in order to achieve the most intensive possible transfer of heat energy from the heat exchanger surfaces to the ambient or room air.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the heating device is specified in claim 13. Such a heater meets high comfort requirements to a high degree. In particular, a largely automated or long-term autonomous operation of the heater can be ensured if the heater is operated with automatically supplied pellets. In particular, optimal combustion and utilization of the available biomass is thereby achievable, provided that corresponding control technology control or monitoring systems are used. A particular advantage of this training is that it can be heated if necessary or on request also with firewood. In particular, alternatively or in addition to the combustion of pellets, it is also possible to add firewood. As a result, on the one hand, economic aspects can be better taken into account or, as a result, any resulting wood products in the heating device can also be burned as needed by the end user. In addition, the firewood operation can achieve thermal combustion or heat output without requiring electrical power to the heater. Even with power outages so an operation of the specified heater with manually feedable biomass, especially with pieces of wood or logs is possible. The corresponding heating device can thus be operated simultaneously or optionally with two different fuel materials, in particular with pellets and / or firewood, which on the one hand high demands on the ease of use and other high economic aspects is taken into account. In addition, in the case of a surprising go out of the supply of a particular genus of fuel, for example the pellets are easily heated with the optionally still available or available fuel type.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 14, characterized in that a combinatorial or alternating combustion of pellets and firewood is optimized in a simple manner. In particular, the combustion chamber base plate is suitable for storing or supporting a sufficient amount of firewood to be burnt, while in the deeper, relatively small-volume combustion chamber depression optimum combustion of supplied pellets is ensured. In addition, a combination of pellets and firewood is supported by the lower-lying arrangement of pellets or can thereby also the combustion or burning of pellets are used for easy lighting or burning of firewood. As a result, increased comfort requirements are met or thereby lighting the firewood is much easier.

Of particular advantage is also the development according to claim 15, since thereby in the area of the pellet combustion bowl an additional firewood overlay is created, so that in the combustion chamber inserted firewood can not completely cover the pellet burner or combustion chamber trough, causing the combustion of the pellets or the combustion air flow required for igniting and burning the billets is not hindered. In particular, thereby a Absticken the pellets in the combustion chamber trough is kept behind, after a sufficient supply of combustion air below the billets and on top of optionally located in the combustion chamber trough pellets is guaranteed. In addition, the flames within the combustion chamber trough can thereby migrate up the side of the firewood, which favors the ignition and burning of the firewood.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 16, as this firewood can be placed transversely or longitudinally over the combustion chamber trough and a large or sufficiently intense flow around with combustion air is ensured. In addition, this ensures a good flame of the pieces of chopped firewood and thus favors optimal combustion or as low as possible combustion of firewood.

Finally, the measures according to claim 17 are advantageous because it ensures an intensive rinsing of the billet with combustion air. In addition, an adequate supply of optionally present in the combustion chamber depression, to be burned pellets with combustion air is ensured even when placed directly over the combustion chamber trough firewood. In addition, an unwanted slipping of piled or stacked firewood is prevented or restrained by the tooth or comb-like upper edge.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1

eine Heizeinrichtung mit Merkmalen der Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 2

die Heizeinrichtung nach Fig. 1 in Ansicht von Vorne mit teilweise abgenommenen Verkleidungselementen;

Fig. 3

die Heizeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 teilweise aufgerissen und geschnitten gemäß den Linien III - III in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

die Heizeinrichtung in Draufsicht gemäß Pfeil IV in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5

die Heizeinrichtung in Ansicht von hinten gemäß Pfeil V in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6

den Brennraum, insbesondere die Brennraumbodenplatte in Draufsicht, gemäß Schnitt VI - VI in Fig. 2;

Fig. 7

den Teilbereich der Brennmaterialzufuhr, der Brennraum-Mulde und der Brennraum-Bodenplatte im Vertikalschnitt bei Ansicht von Vorne;

Fig. 8

den Teilbereich der Brennraum-Bodenplatte und der Brennraum-Mulde im Vertikalschnitt bei Ansicht von der Seite.

Each shows in an exemplary, schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a heating device with features of the invention in perspective view;

Fig. 2

the heater after Fig. 1 in front view with partially removed cladding elements;

Fig. 3

the heater according to Fig. 1 partially torn and cut according to lines III - III in Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4

the heater in plan view according to arrow IV in Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 5

the heater in rear view according to arrow V in Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 6

the combustion chamber, in particular the combustion chamber bottom plate in plan view, according to section VI - VI in Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 7

the portion of the fuel supply, the combustion chamber trough and the combustion chamber bottom plate in vertical section when viewed from the front;

Fig. 8

the subsection of the combustion chamber bottom plate and the combustion chamber trough in vertical section when viewed from the side.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and these position information in a change in position mutatis mutandis to transfer to the new location. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.

In the Fig. 1 to 8 an embodiment of a heater 1 is illustrated with technical measures to increase the efficiency and increase the comfort of use for the end user. This heating device 1 can be formed by any furnaces for combustion or for combustion of biomass. In particular, the heating device 1 may be formed by a so-called stove, which, among other things, also meets high aesthetic requirements. The corresponding biomass can be formed by any fuel in the form of wood, in particular by logs, pellets, or by wood chips. The heater 1 illustrated by way of example is designed in particular for the combinatory or alternating combustion or combustion of pellets and billets. It is essential that the heating device 1 primarily serves to provide heat in order to preferably heat living spaces with it. The corresponding heating device 1 is erected directly in the living area and emits appropriate heat by radiant heat or convective heat into the environment by heating to a corresponding extent the room or ambient air to the heater 1. It is also possible to assign the heater 1 warming trays or baking trays, or provide heat exchanger elements to allow hot water treatment for heating and / or service water.

The heating device 1 comprises a substantially cuboidal furnace housing, in which a combustion chamber 2 is designed for combustion of biomass-based fuel. The combustion chamber 2 is delimited in the downward direction by a combustion chamber grate or by a combustion chamber bottom plate 3. At the top, the combustion chamber 2 is delimited by at least one combustion chamber cover plate 4, which combustion chamber cover plate 4 can also have a multi-part or stepped design or can also include inclinedly aligned sections.

In the horizontal direction, the combustion chamber 2 is bounded by combustion chamber walls 5, which may also include refractory linings, in particular fireclay bricks. In the illustrated embodiment, in which the combustion chamber 2 has a rectangular cross-sectional outline contour, two combustion chamber side walls 6, 7, a combustion chamber front wall 8 and a combustion chamber rear wall 9 opposite thereto are formed. The combustion chamber walls 5 and the combustion chamber base plate 3 and the combustion chamber cover plate 4 can also be multi-layered, in particular strength-relevant, metallic layers and refractory or high-temperature resistant cladding layers, for example of so-called fireclay bricks.

In the combustion chamber front wall 8, at least one charging opening 10 is formed, which is on the part of an operator of the heating device 1 by means of a combustion chamber door 11 as required freigeb- and closed. This optionally freigeb- and closable feed opening 10 is used for manual supply of particulate fuel in the combustion chamber 2. In particular, this feed opening 10 is dimensioned such that an introduction of firewood into the combustion chamber 2, in particular a storage of several pieces of firewood on the combustion chamber Bottom plate 3 is possible. According to the illustrated, advantageous embodiment, the heating device 1 further comprises an at least partially automated or automatable fuel supply device 12. This has at least one supply channel 13, 14 for automated or automatically regulated supply of free-flowing fuel. In particular, this fuel supply device 12 is designed for the automated supply of pellets or wood chips into the interior of the combustion chamber 2. This fuel supply device 12 includes for this purpose next to the supply channels 13, 14 at least one reservoir 15, from which stock held fuel, in particular a certain amount of pellets, in metered and automatically regulating amount via the at least one supply channel 13, 14 or via corresponding conveying devices can be supplied to the combustion chamber 2 for thermal combustion.

Preferably, the free-flowing fuel, in particular the combustion chamber 2 quasi portionwise or metered supplied pellet volume is conveyed into a combustion chamber depression 16. In this combustion chamber trough 16, the respectively intended for combustion amount of fuel, in particular of pellets, containing the fuel supply device 12, in particular via various conveying devices, such as screw conveyors, for a regulated replenishment or for a sufficient tracking of pellets is taken care of in order to achieve adequate combustion with sufficient heating or heat output. The combustion chamber depression 16, which is designed to receive the pellets intended for combustion, is preferably positioned in the center region of the combustion chamber base plate 3, as is best known Fig. 6 is apparent. The combustion chamber depression 16, which is designed as a bowl-like receiving body and has a plurality of openings for supplying combustion air into the receiving area of the combustion chamber depression 16, is recessed in relation to the upper side 17 of the combustion chamber base plate 3, as best seen in FIGS Fig. 6 to 8 is apparent. This means that the bottom portion 18 of the combustion chamber depression 16 is arranged deeper by a predetermined vertical distance 19 than the upper side 17 of the combustion chamber base plate 3 or as the support plane for firewood on the combustion chamber base plate 3. The bottom portion 18 of the combustion chamber Trough 16 is preferably designed as a about a horizontal pivot axis 20 rotatable or tiltable pellet grid 21. In particular, a manually initiated or automatically controlled tilting or swiveling of the pellet grid 21 may be provided, in order thereby to transfer or drop non-combustible residues or ashes into an ash tray or collecting tray positioned therebelow.

Especially from the Fig. 6 to 8 it can be seen, the combustion chamber bottom plate 3 may have at its upper side 17 a plurality of distributed support studs 22. This support nubs 22 are used for increased support of firewood with respect to the substantially planar upper side 17 of the combustion chamber bottom plate 3. In particular, this is about this Abstütznoppen 22 ensures that the firewood is circulated as evenly as possible with combustion air, especially the underside of the billet wood can be acted upon with combustion air.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least in a portion of the circumference of the upper opening 23 and the upper opening cross section of the combustion chamber depression 16 at least one extension 24, 25 is formed, which projects beyond the top 17 of the combustion chamber base plate 3. This at least one extension 24, 25 is provided for increased support of logs above the substantially planar upper side 17 of the combustion chamber base plate 3. In particular, the at least one extension 24, 25 allows a support of logs directly above the opening 23 of the combustion chamber depression 16. That is, taking advantage of the at least one extension 24, 25, a plurality of lumpy firewood, in particular of logs across or along can extend over the opening 23 of the combustion chamber trough 16 away and is positioned in a by the height of the extension 24, 25 certain distance above the top 17 of the combustion chamber bottom plate 3, as best from a synopsis of Fig. 7, 8 is apparent. A support height 26 of the at least one extension 24, 25 above the top 17 is preferably selected such that an effective height of the support nubs 22 is surmounted, as best of all Fig. 7 is apparent.

According to the illustrated embodiment, the upper opening 23 of the combustion chamber depression 16 is rectangular or trapezoidal in plan view. At opposite boundary edges 27, 28 - Fig. 8 - The upper opening 23 is at least one of the top 17 of the combustion chamber bottom plate 3 superior projection 24, 25 for storage or increased support of logs compared to the combustion chamber bottom plate 3 is formed. In particular, a distance from the upper side 17 of the combustion chamber bottom plate 3 distanced support of logs is also made possible directly above the upper opening 23 of the combustion chamber depression 16.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the projections 24, 25 which are opposite one another in relation to the opening 23, are strip-like and each have a tooth-like or comb-like upper edge 29, 30. This is an improved or against slipping secured support of firewood scored. In addition, the flow around the billets with supply air or combustion air is intensified or favored.

According to an advantageous embodiment, these strip-like projections 24, 25 are inclined at an angle 31 relative to the upper side 17. Preferably, this angle 31 is formed by an obtuse angle, wherein opposing, each inclined by the angle 31, strip-like projections 24, 25 each extend in the direction of the center region of the opening 23 inclined. The inclined projections 24, 25 are positioned and aligned at the boundary edges 27, 28 of the opening 23 in such a way that, starting from the bottom section 18 or starting from the pellet grid 21 in the direction of the upper end section of the combustion chamber 3, a tapered opening cross section or a adjusts a narrow cross-section in the upper end portion of the opening 23, as best shown in FIG Fig. 8 can be seen. The opposite, strip-like or comb-like extensions 24, 25, which are aligned in their inclination so that they meet above the top 17 in a virtual intersection point, favor the concentration or shaping of the flames present during combustion. In addition, this is reduced by a predetermined angle 31 running, strip-like extensions 24, 25 for supporting firewood and the likelihood of falling pieces of firewood into the receiving space of the combustion chamber trough 16 is reduced or minimized. In addition, comparatively short pieces of firewood can also be placed over the opening 23 of the combustion chamber depression 16 without this firewood falling into the receiving space for the pellets or into the interior of the combustion chamber depression 16.

According to an expedient measure, a supply of combustion air from below into the combustion chamber 2 can be provided exclusively via openings in the centrally arranged combustion chamber depression 16. The entire section of the combustion chamber bottom plate 3 around the combustion chamber depression 16 seals the combustion chamber 2 from the region below. The combustion chamber 2 can therefore be supplied with combustion air from below only via openings in the combustion chamber depression 16. This means that according to an expedient embodiment, the primary air or the supply air from below is supplied exclusively via openings in the combustion chamber depression 16. This results in combustion advantages and is also achieved a simplified design. The secondary air for the combustion process in the combustion chamber 2, starting in a conventional manner fall from the upper end portion of the combustion chamber 2 down and so are mainly supplied to the flame tips, this secondary air - as known per se - can also be used for flushing or keeping clean a viewing window in the combustion chamber door 11.

The flue gases which are formed during the combustion of the logs deposited on the combustion chamber bottom plate 3 or in the combustion of pellets in the combustion chamber depression 16 are - as is known per se - continuously or discontinuously discharged from the combustion chamber 2. For this purpose, the heating device 1 comprises at least one outflow opening 32, which is provided for discharging from the combustion chamber 2 resulting from the combustion of biomass flue gases. This at least one outflow opening 32 is preferably positioned in the upper end section of the combustion chamber 2 or the housing of the heating device 1. The heater 1 comprises - as known per se - at least one flue gas outlet opening 33, which is provided for the transfer of the resulting combustion of biomass flue gases in a fireplace, not shown, or in a not shown, intermediate flue gas pipe. In particular, the flue gas outlet opening 33 is quasi the transfer interface for flue gas between the heater 1 and a peripheral discharge device, in particular a fireplace.

In order to increase the efficiency of the heating device 1, in particular in order to transfer the heat energy generated by the combustion of the biomass as effectively as possible in the environment or room air to the heater 1, at least one heat exchanger 34, in particular a so-called flue gas / ambient air heat exchanger 34 formed. This heat exchanger 34 is thus designed as a so-called gas / gas heat exchanger, after the heat transfer between different gaseous media, in particular between the flue gas and the ambient or room air has to be done. This at least one heat exchanger 34 is fluidically connected between the outflow opening 32 from the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet opening 33 from the heater 1. In particular, the heat exchanger 34 is fluidically located between the outflow opening 32 and the flue gas outlet opening 33, wherein intermediate transition or transfer or adaptation duct sections may also be provided.

The heat exchanger 34 forms at least one flue gas duct 35, 35 ', through which flows the warm or hot flue gas and finally passed to the flue gas outlet opening 33 of the heater 1 to a chimney or chimney, or to an upstream pipe. The heat exchanger 34 is used for the highest possible or effective removal of heat energy from the guided through the flue gas duct 35, 35 ', hot flue gases and for transmitting at least a portion of this heat energy to the ambient air of the heater 1. Heat exchanger 34 formed therein flue gas channels 35, 35 'are known in a variety of prior art embodiments. However, it is essential that the at least one flue gas channel 35, 35 'of the heat exchanger 34 comprises a first channel section 36 and at least one further channel section 37. The first and the at least one further channel section 37, which together form the flue gas channel 35, 35 'of the heat exchanger 34, each extend vertically, in particular perpendicular, so that in each case a vertical flow, with opposite but opposite flow direction in the immediately adjacent flue gas channels 35th '35' is formed, as this is best Fig. 5 is apparent.

The first, vertically oriented channel section 36 and the at least one further, likewise vertically extending channel section 37, which directly adjoins the first or preceding channel section 36, are thereby connected in series in terms of flow. It is also essential that in the upper end portion of the first, vertically extending channel section 36 of the inlet 38 for the flue gas and also in the upper end portion of the flow direction last channel section 37 of the outlet 39 for the guided through the flue gas duct 35, 35 'of the heat exchanger 34 flue gases is trained. This means that the flue gas, which is discharged from the combustion chamber 2 via the at least one outflow opening 32, is guided through the heat exchanger 34 in at least two directly successive vertical strokes. In particular, the flue gas flowing out of the combustion chamber 2 is guided in the upper end section of the combustion chamber 2 into the first channel section 36, guided downwards in the direction of the bottom of the heating device 1 and subsequently transferred into at least one further, vertically aligned channel section 37 in which the flue gas is conducted starting from the bottom section in the upward direction, in particular in the direction of the upper end of the heating device 1. Thus, at least one flow-related countermove is formed in the heat exchanger 34 or in the vertical flue gas ducts 35, 35 '. Optionally, it is also possible to have a plurality of to provide vertically oriented or meandering flue gas flues in the correspondingly designed heat exchanger 34.

According to an advantageous, particularly effective or economic embodiment, the flue gas is guided in the first channel section 36 from top to bottom and transferred after a directional deflection in a second, serially adjoining channel section 37 and directed in this also vertically oriented channel section 37 from bottom to top and passed directly or almost directly to the flue gas outlet opening 33 at the end of this further channel section 37 via the outlet 39, as best shown in the illustrations according to the Fig. 2 to 5 can be seen. As a result, a high efficiency is achieved with a problem-free or trouble-free operating behavior of the heating device 1 as possible. In addition, the construction costs in relation to the achievable efficiency are relatively optimal or particularly economical.

Due in part to the extended flow path for the flue gas within the at least two vertically extending flue gas channels 35, 35 'of the heat exchanger 34, preferably at least one flue gas blower 40 is formed. This flue gas blower 40, which is a part of the heater 1, is used to build or accelerate a flue gas flow through the flue gas duct 35, 35 'of the heat exchanger 34. This flue gas blower 40 can be threshold controlled, clocked in time and / or speed controlled to each to be able to build up required volume flow. In particular, a control device, not shown, is provided, which regulates the combustion-related processes in such a way that the most optimal or efficient combustion process takes place. For this purpose, the flue gas fan 40, in particular the physical parameter negative pressure, which is regulatable or buildable by the flue gas fan 40 in the combustion chamber 2, is of importance. In particular, the supplied or sucked volume of combustion air or supply air can be automatically influenced or regulated via the vacuum built up in the combustion chamber 2 by the flue gas blower 40.

According to a particularly expedient measure, the flue gas blower 40 is positioned in a lower, ground-level or bottom-side transfer section 41 between flow-wise immediately consecutive channel sections 36, 37, as is best known Fig. 5 is apparent. In particular, the transfer section 41 is provided by a in Essentially horizontally extending connecting channel 42 is formed, which two adjacent, vertically extending channel sections 36, 37 fluidly connected in series, so that the flue gas from the first channel section 36 can get into the other channel section 37. In this transfer section 41, which is defined by the connecting channel 42, preferably the flue gas blower 40 is included. It is essential that the connecting channel 42, the lower and bottom ends of the first and the further channel section 36 and 37 fluidly coupled with each other. In this horizontally extending transfer section 41, the flue gas blower 40 is involved such that the suction side or negative pressure side of the flue gas blower 40 is connected via the first channel section 36 with the discharge opening 32 from the combustion chamber 2. In contrast, the pressure or overpressure side of the flue gas blower 40 via the at least one further channel section 37 with the flue gas outlet opening 33, which is downstream of the flue gas blower 40, fluidly connected. Thus, in the combustion chamber 2 present flue gas is sucked via the first channel section 36 from or to the flue gas blower 40 and subsequently pushed over the further channel section 37 in the direction of the flue gas outlet opening 33, if the flue gas blower 40 is in operation, that is acted upon by electrical energy ,

According to an expedient embodiment, the flue gas outlet opening 33 is formed on the top or in the upper cover surface 43 of the furnace housing of the heater 1, as best of Fig. 1 is apparent.

According to an advantageous embodiment, as best from a synopsis of Fig. 1 and 5 it can be seen, the heat exchanger 34, in particular the first and the at least one further channel section 36, 37 of the flue gas duct 35, 35 'is formed on a rear side of the heating device 1 facing away from the combustion chamber door 11 or with respect to the feed opening 10. In particular, the heat exchanger 34 and its channel sections 36, 37 are arranged on the rear side of the furnace housing, in particular on the combustion chamber rear wall 9, as best seen from a comparison of Fig. 5 . 6 is apparent.

According to an expedient embodiment, as they look best Fig. 6 can be seen, the channel sections 36, 37 for forming the flue gas duct 35, 35 'and for implementation of the heat exchanger 34 by partially open in cross-section or unilaterally open, for example, formed by cross-sectionally substantially C- or U-shaped metal profiles 44, 45. But it is also possible to perform the metal profiles 44, 45 in cross-section L-shaped, half-round or in the form of an omega sign. These unilaterally open between the legs metal sections 44, 45 form in connection with metallic wall portions of the furnace housing, in particular in connection with the combustion chamber rear wall 9 of the furnace housing, a closed transversely to the flow direction of the flue gases, gas-tight flue gas duct 35, 35 'from. That is, for example, three boundary walls of the flue gas ducts 35, 35 'through the base and the legs of the metal profiles 44 and 45 are formed and another, completing boundary wall of the flue gas ducts 35, 35' by a part of the furnace housing, in particular by the anyway required Combustion chamber rear wall 9 is defined as best of all Fig. 6 is apparent.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the C- or U-shaped metal profiles, which may also be formed by elliptical or semi-circular or polygonal in cross-section metal profiles, with the interposition of sealing elements 46, 47 with metallic wall sections, in particular with the metallic combustion chamber rear wall. 9 connected to the furnace housing. Preferably, in cross-section preferably unilaterally open, for example C-, U-, E-, L- or omega-shaped metal profiles are screwed to the combustion chamber rear wall 9 of the furnace housing, as in Fig. 6 has been shown schematically. Preferably, the metal profiles 44, 45, which ultimately define the heat exchanger 34, formed by independent components which are attached to the respective metallic wall surfaces of the heater 1, in particular screwed with the interposition of sealing elements 46, 47. According to a particularly expedient embodiment, these metal profiles 44, 45 are formed from cast iron, in particular formed from gray cast iron.

How best from a synopsis of Fig. 3 and 5 It can be seen that the vertically aligned flue gas ducts 35, 35 'or the corresponding metal profiles 44, 45, which are arranged side by side and flow-connected, extend almost over the entire overall height of the heating device 1. It is favorable if a vertical extension of the flue gas ducts 35, 35 'more than 50%, in particular more than 60%, preferably between 70% to 90%, the height of the heater 1 is. This can be an optimized ratio between construction volume or space required and efficiency of the corresponding heat exchanger 34 can be achieved.

According to an expedient refinement, a plurality of heat-absorbing webs 48, 49 protruding into the channel cross-section are formed on at least one of the mutually facing inner surfaces of, for example, the C- or U-shaped metal profile 44, 45. These heat absorbing webs 48, 49 pass through virtually the free flow cross section of the flue gas duct 35, 35 'within the heat exchanger 34. According to an advantageous development of at least one of the outer surfaces facing away from each other, for example, C- or U-shaped metal profile 44, 45, a plurality of the ambient air around the heater 1 exposed heat release webs 50, 51 is formed. Above all, these heat-releasing webs 50, 51, but also the heat-absorbing webs 48, 49 may be designed strip-like or knob-like and so project from the channel sections 36, 37 or from its wall surfaces. The elements mentioned are used to increase the surface area or increase the heat transfer area between the two gaseous media flue gas and ambient air.

Above all, the heat release webs 50, 51 may be formed by a plurality of angularly aligned or wavy extending, on the metal profile 44, 45 integrally formed projections or nubs, as best shown in FIG Fig. 5 can be seen.

As further best of the representation according to Fig. 6 can be seen, immediately adjacent, vertically extending channel sections 36, 37 are arranged at a horizontal distance 52 to each other at a distance. This horizontal distance 52 forms a vertically extending air duct 53 for ambient air to be heated. In particular, between the boundary surfaces 54, 55 of immediately adjacent channel sections 36, 37 and between the corresponding metal profiles 44, 45, a vertically extending air duct 53 is formed. Optionally, the back of the heater 1 may be provided with a cladding sheet or may be provided a the air duct 53 concrete delimiting air guide plate to achieve a defined flow for ambient air to be heated in the air duct 53.

How best of the Fig. 2 to 4 can be seen, the heater 1 further comprises a supply air control device 56 for individually adjustable or automatically controlled reduction or increase in the volume of combustion air supplied. In particular, the supply air control device 56 is designed to reduce and increase a free passage cross section 57, 58 for supplied supply air 59 or for supplied primary and / or secondary air. In this case, at least one actuator is provided, which is adjustable by means of a manually operated by an operator handle. Above all, in the case of a heating device 1 with an automated fuel supply device 12, the supply air control device 56 is preferably also automatically adjustable, in particular controllable and adjustable by an electrical control device, not shown. The negative pressure generated by the flue gas fan 40 in the combustion chamber 2 for the extraction of the flue gases produced during combustion thereby also affects the volume of combustion air or supply air supplied, so that the supply air control device 56 and the flue gas blower 40 are preferably in control engineering interaction or of a common or central control device controlled and controlled accordingly or regulated.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the heater 1. For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the structure of the heater 1, these or their components were shown partially uneven and / or enlarged and / or reduced.

The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description. In particular, the technical versions according to the Fig. 6-8 represent an independent inventive solution in connection with a generic heating device 1.

Thus, the individual in the Fig. 1-5 and 6-8 shown technical embodiments form the subject of independent solutions. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. <B> Reference Numbers </ b> 1 heater 31 angle 2 combustion chamber 32 outflow 3 Combustion chamber bottom plate 33 Flue gas outlet opening 4 Combustion chamber cover plate 34 heat exchangers 5 Combustion chamber walls 35, 35 ' Flue 6 Combustion chamber sidewall 36 first channel section 7 Combustion chamber sidewall 37 further channel section 8th Combustion chamber front wall 38 inlet 9 Combustion chamber rear wall 39 outlet 10 loading port 40 Out gas blower 11 Combustion chamber door 41 Reconciliation section 12 Fuel supply device 42 connecting channel 13 supply channel 43 cover surface 14 supply channel 44 metal profile 15 reservoir 45 metal profile 16 Combustion chamber recess 46 sealing element 17 top 47 sealing element 18 bottom section 48 Heat absorption web 19 vertical distance 49 Heat absorption web 20 swivel axis 50 Heat bridge 21 pellets rust 51 Heat bridge 22 support knobs 52 horizontal distance 23 opening 53 Air duct 24 extension 54 boundary surface 25 extension 55 boundary surface 26 support height 56 Zuluftsteuervorrichtung 27 boundary edge 57 Passage cross-section 28 boundary edge 58 Passage cross-section 29 top edge 59 supply air 30 top edge

Claims (17)

1. A heating device (1) with a combustion chamber (2) for burning bio mass material, comprising a furnace housing, at least one outflow opening (32) for discharging flue gases resulting from the combustion of biomass from the combustion chamber (2), at least one flue gas outlet opening (33) for conducting flue gases resulting from the combustion of biomass into a chimney or into an intermediately arranged flue gas pipe, at least one heat exchanger (34) fluidically integrated between the outflow opening (32) and the flue gas outlet opening (33) and having at least one flue gas duct (35, 35') for extracting heat energy from the flue gases conducted through the flue gas duct (35, 35') and for transferring heat energy to the ambient air of the heating device (1), and at least one flue gas fan (40) for developing or accelerating a flue gas flow in the flue gas duct (35, 35') of the heat exchanger (34),
   wherein the flue gas duct (35, 35') comprises a first duct section (36) and at least one further duct section (37), the first and the at least one further duct section (36, 37) each running vertically, being arranged next to one another and being fluidically connected in series, and wherein the inlet (38) for the flue gases conducted through the flue gas duct (35, 35') of the heat exchanger (34) is formed in the upper end section of the first duct section (36) and the outlet (39) is formed in the upper end section of the last duct section (37) of the flue gas duct (35, 35') in the direction of flow, characterized, in that the duct sections (36, 37) for forming the flue gas duct (35, 35') are formed by metal profiles (44, 45) open on one side in cross-section, for example by metal profiles (44, 45) substantially C- or U-shaped in cross-section, which, in connection with metallic wall sections of the furnace housing, in particular in connection with a combustion chamber rear wall (9) of the furnace housing, form the gas-tight flue gas duct (35, 35') closed transversely to the flow direction of the flue gases.
2. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue gas fan (40) is positioned in a lower, ground-near transfer section (41) between duct sections (36, 37) which are fluidically connected to one another in immediate succession.
3. The heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and the at least one further duct section (36, 37) of the flue gas duct (35, 35') are formed on a rear side of the heating device (1) facing away from a combustion chamber door (11).
4. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal profiles (44, 45) are connected, in particular screwed, with the interposition of sealing elements (46, 47), to metallic wall sections, in particular to the metallic combustion chamber rear wall (9) of the furnace housing.
5. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal profiles (44, 45) are formed from cast iron.
6. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of heat absorption webs (48, 49) projecting into the duct cross-section are formed on at least one of the inner surfaces of the metal profile (44, 45).
7. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of heat dissipation webs (50, 51) exposed to the ambient air is provided on at least one of the outer surfaces of the metal profile (44, 45).
8. The heating device according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat dissipation webs (50, 51) are formed by a plurality of projections which are aligned at an angle to one another or run in a wave-like manner and are integrally formed on the metal profile (44, 45).
9. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flue gas outlet opening (33) is formed in the upper cover surface (43) of the furnace housing of the heating device (1).
10. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flue gas fan (40) is integrated in a horizontally running transfer section (41) between the first and a subsequently connected further duct section (36, 37), the suction side of the flue gas blower (40) being connected to the at least one outflow opening (32) from the combustion chamber (2) via the first duct section (36) and the discharge side of the flue gas fan (40) being connected to the flue gas outflow opening (33) via at least one further duct section (37).
11. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one outflow opening (32) for discharging flue gases from the combustion chamber (2) is formed in the upper end section of the combustion chamber (2) or the furnace housing of the heating device (1), respectively.
12. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that directly adjacent, vertically extending duct sections (36, 37) are arranged spaced apart from one another at a horizontal distance (52) so that a vertically running air duct (53) is formed between boundary surfaces (54, 55) of directly adjacent duct sections or metal profiles (44, 45).
13. The heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a burning material supply device (12) comprising at least one supply channel (13, 14) is formed for the automated supply of free-flowing burning material, in particular pellets or wood chips, into the combustion chamber (2), and furthermore a feeding opening (10) is formed which can be released and closed by a combustion chamber door (11) for the manual supply of lumpy burning material, in particular logs, into the combustion chamber (2).
14. The heating device according to claim 13, characterized in that the combustion chamber (2) is bounded in the downward direction by a combustion chamber base plate (3) in which a combustion chamber trough (16) for receiving pellets provided for combustion is formed in the central region and recessed relative to the upper side (17) of the combustion chamber base plate (3).
15. The heating device according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one extension (24, 25) is formed in at least one segment of the circumference of an upper opening (23) of the combustion chamber trough (16), which extension projects beyond the upper side (17) of the combustion chamber base plate (3).
16. The heating device according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper opening (23) of the combustion chamber trough (16) is rectangular or trapezoidal in plan view, and at opposite boundary edges (27, 28) of the upper opening (23) there is formed at least one extension (24, 25) projecting beyond the upper side (17) of the combustion chamber base plate (3) for depositing logs so that a support of logs raised with respect to the upper side (17) of the combustion chamber base plate (3) is possible above the upper opening (23) of the combustion chamber trough (16).
17. The heating device according to claim 16, characterized in that the opposing extensions (24, 25) are of strip-like design and have a tooth-like or comb-like upper edge (29, 30) for supporting logs.

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