Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/06—Sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of additives derived from fatty acids in bituminous compositions to improve their resistance to chemical attack.
• the invention also relates to bituminous compositions comprising said additives.
• the invention also relates to the process for preparing said bituminous compositions.
• the invention finally relates to the mixes comprising said bituminous compositions and aggregates and their method of preparation.
• bituminous compositions in particular crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions, as coatings for various surfaces and, in particular, as road coatings, provided that these compositions have in combination a certain number of mechanical characteristics.
• bituminous compositions have long been used in which the bitumen (formed from one or more types of bitumens) is mixed with one or more functional polymers, in particular elastomers of styrene and butadiene, these elastomers optionally being crosslinked chemically in situ, optionally using a coupling or crosslinking agent, for example sulfur or at least one of its precursors.
• functional polymers in particular elastomers of styrene and butadiene, these elastomers optionally being crosslinked chemically in situ, optionally using a coupling or crosslinking agent, for example sulfur or at least one of its precursors.
• These aggressive chemical agents may be, for example hydrocarbon solvents, in particular petroleum solvents such as kerosenes, gas oils and / or gasolines or even products, in particular fluids, used for de-icing and / or de-icing. and / or snow removal of aircraft and taxiing areas.
• These fluids are, for example, aqueous saline solutions of potassium, sodium, magnesium and / or calcium, and / or compositions based on ethylene glycol and / or based on propylene glycol.
• bitumen constituting for example tarmacs and airport runway coatings, which are made of bituminous mix (conglomerate bitumen / aggregates).
• tarmacs and airport runway coatings are frequently contaminated by kerosene drips, when filling aircraft tanks, by leaks or other accidental spills of petroleum products.
• they are also exposed to different fluids used in cold weather to eliminate ice, frost and / or snow on airplanes and on runways.
• Service stations as well as industrial sites for hydrocarbon deposits may also be subject to the same problem of resistance of bituminous coatings to aggressive chemical agents such as hydrocarbon solvents and / or deicing / deicing / deicing fluids.
• EP 131 1619 describes the use of waxes in bitumens to increase their resistance to hydrocarbons.
• the waxes are in particular synthetic waxes derived from the Fischer Tropsch synthesis process.
• the said bitumens may optionally contain polymers which are not crosslinked.
• EP1756227 discloses bituminous compositions fluxed with a monoalkyl ester of a vegetable oil or an animal oil. The problem of resistance to chemical attack of bituminous compositions is not mentioned.
• the Applicant company was interested in another type of wax and discovered surprisingly that the selection of a very particular category of waxes, in a well-defined concentration area, made it possible to increase the resistance of the bituminous compositions and the bitumen / polymer compositions crosslinked to chemical attack, to aggressive chemical agents, in particular to hydrocarbons, such as gasolines, kerosenes and / or diesel fuels, the increase of the resistance with respect to these chemical agents in the case cross-linked bitumen / polymer compositions being even more pronounced.
• fatty acid derivatives corresponding to the general formula (1) below, in a bituminous composition at a concentration of between 2% and 6% by weight, relative to the mass of the bituminous composition, allowed to increase the resistance of bituminous compositions to chemical attack such as those caused by hydrocarbons such as gasolines, kerosene and / or gas oils or de-icing / de-icing / snow removal products.
• a synergistic effect has also been observed in the case of a joint use of fatty acid derivatives of formula general (1) and crosslinked polymer, in particular crosslinked copolymer of styrene and butadiene.
• the general formula (1) is the following:
• n a group X selected from NH 2 or NHR 3 , and when n is 1, a group X which represents the group -NH- (CH 2 ) m -NH-, the groups R 1, R 2 , R 3 being, independently of one another, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, m being between 1 and 8.
• the invention relates to the use of at least one fatty acid derivative in a bituminous composition for improving the resistance to aggressive chemical agents of said bituminous composition, the fatty acid derivative having the general formula (1):
• the amount of fatty acid derivative of general formula (1) in the bituminous composition is between 2% and 4% by weight, relative to the weight of the bituminous composition, preferably between 2.5% and 3.5%.
• the bituminous composition comprises a polymer.
• the polymer is a copolymer of styrene and butadiene.
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer has a content of 1,2-butadiene-derived double-bonded units, comprised between 5% and 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the butadiene units, preferably between 10%. and 40%, more preferably between 15% and 30%, still more preferably between 20% and 25%, even more preferably between 18% and 23%.
• the bituminous composition comprises a crosslinking agent.
• the groups R 1, R 2 and R 3 are, independently of each other, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based groups containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• n 1
• m is 2.
• the fatty acid derivative of general formula (1) is ethylene bis-stearamide.
• the aggressive chemical agents are hydrocarbons, in particular petroleum hydrocarbons, such as kerosines, gasolines and / or gas oils.
• the aggressive chemical agents are products used for de-icing, de-icing and / or snow removal, such as saline solutions and / or compositions based on ethylene glycol and / or based on propylene glycol.
• the resistance to aggressive chemical agents of the bituminous composition is improved when it is used in road application as a surface layer.
• the resistance to aggressive chemical agents of the bituminous composition is improved when it is mixed with aggregates in a bituminous mix.
• the invention also relates to a crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition
• a crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition comprising at least one bitumen, at least one ras acid derivative having the general formula (1):
• the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer preferably styrene and butadiene
• the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition comprises a crosslinking agent.
• the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition comprises between 2% and 4% by weight of fatty acid derivative of general formula (1), relative to the weight of the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition, preferably between 2.5 % and 3.5%.
• the fatty acid derivative of general formula (1) is ethylene bis-stearamide.
• the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition comprises between 2% and 8% by weight of monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer, in particular styrene and butadiene copolymer, relative to the weight of the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition. preferably between 3% and 7%, more preferably between 4% and 5%.
• the invention also relates to a process for preparing a crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition as defined above, in which contact is first made between 120 ° C. and 220 ° C., preferably between 140 ° C. and 200 ° C. ° C, more preferably between 160 ° C and 180 ° C, for a period of 1 hour to 48 hours, preferably from 4 hours to 24 hours, more preferably from 8 hours to 16 hours, at least one bitumen, between 1% and 10% by weight of monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer, preferably styrene and butadiene, at least one crosslinking agent, wherein the crosslinking agent may be omitted when the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer , preferably styrene and butadiene is the copolymer comprising a particular amount of 1,2-linked double units derived from the conjugated diene, preferably from butadiene, and is then brought into contact between
• the invention also relates to a bituminous mix comprising the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition as defined above in admixture with aggregates.
• the invention also relates to the process for preparing a bituminous mix as defined above in which the aggregates and the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition according to any one of Claims 15 to 20 are mixed between 120 ° C and 220 °. C, preferably between 140 ° C and 200 ° C, more preferably between 160 ° C and 180 ° C.
• the additives making it possible to improve the resistance to chemical attacks, and in particular to hydrocarbons, of bituminous compositions, and present in the said bituminous compositions according to the invention are additives of natural origin, and are in particularly fatty acid derivatives, and in particular amide derivatives of fatty acids. These additives are represented by the following general formula (1):
• n a group X selected from NH 2 or NHR 3 , and when n is 1, a group X which represents the group -NH- (CH 2 ) m -NH-, the groups R 1, R 2 , R 3 being, independently of one another, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, m being between 1 and 8.
• the groups R 1, R 2 and R 3 are, independently of each other, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based groups containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• the additive is chosen from among the primary amides of general formula R 1 -CONH 2 (2) or secondary amides of general formula R 1 -C CONH-R 3 (3), groups R 1 and R 3 being, independently of one another, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably of 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably from 17 carbon atoms.
• R 1 -CONH 2 (2) use will preferably be made of primary amides in which the R 1 group is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, even more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• secondary amides of general formula R 1 -C CONH-R 3 (3) use will preferably be made of secondary amides in which the groups R 1 and R 3 are, independently of one another, linear or branched hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 14 to to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• oleyl palmitamide in which R 1 is a saturated linear hydrocarbon group of 15 carbon atoms of formula CH 3 - (CH 2 ) 14 - and R 3 is a linear and unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 18 carbon atoms.
• formula CH 3 - (CH 2 ) 7 -CH CH- (CH 2 ) 8-
• These secondary amides are commercial.
• n 1 and the additive therefore has the general formula Ri-CO-X-CO-R 2
• the R 1 and R 2 groups being, independently of one another, linear or branched hydrocarbon groups saturated or unsaturated with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, even more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms; carbon.
• the additives of general formula (4) are the preferred additives.
• the groups R 1 and R 2 are, independently of each other, linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 14 to 14 carbon atoms. to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• the groups R 1 and R 2 are, independently of each other, linear and saturated hydrocarbon groups comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms. carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• m is between 2 and 6, more preferably between 3 and 5.
• the additive when m is equal to 2, the additive then has the general formula R 1 -CO-NH- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-CO-R 2 (5).
• the groups R 1 and R 2 are always, independently of one another, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from 17 carbon atoms.
• the additives of general formula (5) are the particularly preferred additives.
• R 1 and R 2 have the same meaning, so that the additive has the general formula R 1 -NH- CO- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-CO-R 1 (6).
• the additives of general formula (6) are the additives more particularly preferred.
• R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms. carbon atoms, more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• R 1 is a linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably of 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms. more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• R 1 is a linear and saturated hydrocarbon group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably more preferably 17 carbon atoms.
• C esbi-amides are commercial. Resistance to chemical attack, including resistance to petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasolines, gas oils and / or kerosene, is very much improved with ethylene bis-stearamide.
• One of the additives (1) to (6) can be used alone or as a mixture in the bituminous compositions.
• the amount of additives of general formula (1) to be added to the bituminous compositions is essential to the invention.
• the amount of additives of general formula (1) is between 2% and 6% by weight, relative to the weight of the bituminous composition, preferably between 2% and 4%, more preferably between 2.5%. and 3.5%, even more preferably around 3%.
• the preferred amount of additives of general formula (1) is between 2% and 3.5% by weight, based on the weight of the bituminous composition.
• the applicant company has found that less than 2% by mass of additives of general formula (1) in the bituminous composition does not make it possible to improve the resistance of the bituminous composition to chemical attack and in particular to hydrocarbons. .
• bituminous composition an amount greater than 6% by weight of additives of general formula (1), or even preferably greater than 3.5%, in the bituminous composition, induces a fragility in terms of bituminous compositions and in particular bitumen / polymer compositions. reticulated that become brittle. This results in a degradation of the properties of elastic return, traction and behavior at low temperature, for example at the point of Fraass.
• bituminous composition is meant a bituminous composition comprising bitumen, a bitumen / polymer composition comprising bitumen and a polymer (mixture physical) or a crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition comprising bitumen and a crosslinked polymer within the bitumen.
• the bitumen used can be a bitumen from different origins.
• the bitumen that can be used according to the invention can be chosen from bitumens of natural origin, such as those contained in deposits of natural bitumen, natural asphalt or oil sands.
• the bitumen that can be used according to the invention can also be a bitumen or a mixture of bitumens derived from the refining of crude oil such as straight-run bitumens or low-pressure distillation bitumens or else blown or semi-blown bitumens, residues propane or pentane deasphalting, visbreaking residues, these different cuts can be taken alone or in mixture.
• bitumens used may also be bitumens fuxed by the addition of volatile solvents, petroleum fuels, carbo-chemical fluxes and / or fluxes of plant origin. It is also possible to use synthetic bitumens also called clear, pigmentable or colorable bitumens.
• the bitumen may be a bitumen of naphthenic or paraffinic origin, or a mixture of these two bitumens.
• the bituminous composition may also comprise at least one polymer.
• the polymers that can be used according to the invention are the polymers that can be used in the field of bitumens, for example polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, butyl rubbers, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polychloroprenes, polynorbornenes, polybutenes, polyisobutenes and polyethylenes.
• the preferred polymers are copolymers based on conjugated diene units and monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon units, which may in particular be crosslinked.
• the conjugated diene will preferably be chosen from those containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as 1-3 butadiene (butadiene), 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene), 2,3-dimethyl- 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,2-hexadiene, chloroprene, carboxylated butadiene and / or carboxylated isoprene.
• the conjugated diene is butadiene.
• the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon will preferably be selected from styrene, o-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, 2,3-dimethylstyrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl toluene and / or vinyl xylene.
• the mono vinyl hydrocarbon is styrene.
• the copolymer consists of one or more copolymers chosen from monovinylaromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymers, in particular styrene and butadiene, linear or starred, in the form of diblock, triblock and / or multibranched, optionally with or without statistical hinge, preferably with statistical hinge.
• the copolymer is a diblock copolymer of monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene, in particular a diblock copolymer of styrene and butadiene, in particular a diblock copolymer of styrene and butadiene having a statistical hinge.
• the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer in particular styrene and butadiene, has an average molecular weight Mw of between 10,000 and 500,000 daltons, preferably between 50,000 and 200,000, more preferably between 80,000 and 150 000, even more preferably between 100 000 and 130 000, even more preferably between 110 000 and 120 000.
• the molecular weight of the copolymer is measured by GPC chromato graphy with a polystyrene standard according to the ASTM D3536 standard.
• the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer in particular styrene and butadiene, advantageously has a weight content of monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, in particular styrene ranging from 5% to 50% by weight, relative to the mass of copolymer, preferably from 20% to 40%>.
• the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer in particular styrene and butadiene, advantageously has a weight content of conjugated diene, in particular of butadiene, ranging from 50% to 95% by weight, relative to the mass. copolymer, preferably 60% to 80%.
• conjugated diene units it is possible to distinguish the 1-4 double bond units derived from the conjugated diene and the 1-2 double bond units derived from the conjugated diene.
• units with double bonds 1-4 derived from the conjugated diene means the units obtained via a 1,4-addition during the polymerization of the conjugated diene.
• 1-2-linked units derived from the conjugated diene we mean the units obtained via a 1,2-addition during the polymerization of the conjugated diene.
• the result of this addition 1,2 is a so-called "pendant" vinyl double bond.
• the monovinylaromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer in particular styrene and butadiene, has a content of 1,2-linked double units derived from the conjugated diene, in particular from butadiene, of between 5% and 50% by weight. mass, with respect to the total mass of the conjugated diene units, in particular butadiene, preferably between 10% and 40%, more preferably between 15% and 30%, even more preferably between 20% and 25%, even more preferentially between 18% and 23%.
• hydrocarbon copolymer monovinyl aromatic and conjugated diene in particular styrene and butadiene, having a content of 1,2-double bond units derived from the conjugated diene, in particular derived from butadiene as defined above, may be used with or without crosslinking agent because it has the property of being "self-crosslinking", the copolymer branches are crosslinked, linked together via these so-called “pendent" double vinyl bonds.
• the bituminous composition comprises from 1% to 10% by weight of polymer, in particular of monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer, in particular of styrene and butadiene copolymer, with respect to the weight of the bituminous composition, of preferably from 2% to 8%, even more preferably from 3% to 5%.
• the crosslinking of the polymer, in particular of the monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer, in particular of the styrene-butadiene copolymer, in the bituminous composition is carried out thanks to the use of a polymer, in particular a monovinylaromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer, in particular a styrene-butadiene copolymer, as defined above and a crosslinking agent, or by the use of a polymer, in particular of a monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene copolymer, in particular a styrene-butadiene copolymer having a particular amount of 1-2 double-bonded units derived from the conjugated diene, in particular butadiene, this amount of 1-2-linked units derived from the conjugated diene, in particular butadiene, being between 5% and 50% by weight, relative to the total mass of the conjugated diene units
• the crosslinking agent is chosen from sulfur and hydrocarbyl polysulfides, taken alone or as a mixture, in the possible presence of sulfur-donor or non-sulfur-donor vulcanization accelerators, taken alone or as a mixture.
• the sulfur is in particular sulfur in bloom or crystallized sulfur alpha.
• the hydrocarbyl polysulfides are, for example, selected from dihexyl disulfides, dioctyl disulfides, didodecyl disulfides, di-tert-dodecyl disulfides, dihexadecyl disulfides, dihexyl trisulfides, dioctyl trisulphides, dinonyl trisulphides, and the like.
• ditertiododecyl trisulfides dihexadecyl trisulfides, diphenyl trisulfides, dibenzyl trisulfides, dihexyl tetrasulfides, dioctyl tetrasulfides, dinonyl tetrasulfides, ditertiododecyl tetrasulfides, dihexadecyl tetrasulfides, diphenyl tetrasulfides , the orthotolyl tetrasulfides, dibenzyl tetrasulfides, dihexyl pentasulfides, dioctyl pentasulfides, dinonyl pentasulfides, ditertiododecyl pentasulfides, dihexadecyl pentasulfides, dibenzyl pentasulf
• the sulfur donor vulcanization accelerators may be chosen from thiuram polysulfides, for example tetrabutylthiuram disulfides, tetraethylthiuram disulfides and tetramethylthiuram disulfides, dipentamethylenethiuram disulfides, dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfides or dipentamethylenethiuram hexasulfides. .
• non-sulfur-donor vulcanization accelerators that may be used according to the invention may be chosen in particular from mercaptobenzothiazole and its derivatives, dithiocarbamates and its derivatives, and thiuram monosulfides and its derivatives, taken alone or as a mixture.
• non-sulfur donor vulcanization accelerators are zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc benzothiazolethiolate, sodium benzothiazolethiolate, benzothiazyl disulfide, copper benzothiazolethiolate, N, N'-diethylthiocarbamylsulfide and the like.
• benzothiazyl and benzothiazolesulphenamides such as 2-benzothiazolediéthylsulfénamide, 2-benzothiazolepentaméthylènesulfénamide, 2-benzothiazolecyclohexylsulfénamide, N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-oxydiethylene 2-benzothiazolethiosulfénamide, 2-benzothiazoledicyclohexylsulfénamide, 2-benzothiazolediisopropylsulfénamide, 2-benzothiazoletertiobutylsulfénamide , bismuth dimethyldithiocarbamate, cadmium diamyldithiocarbamate, cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, lead diamyldithiocarbamate, lead dimethyldithiocarbamate
• the crosslinking agent may also be chosen from compounds of general formula HS-R-SH in which R represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group of 2 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, such as than oxygen.
• 1,2 ethanedithiol 1,3 propanedithiol, 1,4 butanedithiol, 1,5 pentanedithiol, 1,6 hexanedithiol, 1,7 heptanedithiol 1,8-octanedithiol, bis- (2-mercaptoethyl) ether, bis- (3-mercaptoethyl) ether, bis- (4-mercaptoethyl) ether, (2-mercaptoethyl) (3-mercaptobutyl) ether, (2-mercaptoethyl) (4-mercaptobutyl) ether, 1,8-dimercapto-3,6- dioxaoctane, benzene-1,2-dithiol, benzene-1,3-dithiol, benzene-1,4-dithiol or toluene-3,
• a quantity of crosslinking agent is used between 0.05% and 5% by weight, relative to the weight of the bituminous composition, preferably between 0.1% and 2%, more preferably between 0.2%. > and 1%>, still more preferably between 0.3%> and 0.5%>.
• the amounts of polymer and crosslinking agent are set so as to obtain a polymer / crosslinking agent ratio (or styrene / butadiene / crosslinking agent copolymer) of between 50: 1 and 150: 1, preferably between 60 : 1 and 100: 1, more preferably between 70: 1 and 80: 1.
• a polymer / crosslinking agent ratio or styrene / butadiene / crosslinking agent copolymer
• the crosslinking of the bituminous compositions can be demonstrated by carrying out tensile tests on these bituminous compositions according to standard NF EN 13587.
• the crosslinked bituminous compositions have a higher tensile strength than uncrosslinked bituminous compositions.
• a higher tensile strength results in a maximum elongation at break or maximum elongation ( ⁇ max in%), a stress at break or a constraint at maximum elongation ( ⁇ ⁇ max in MPa), a conventional energy at 400% (E 400% in J / cm 2 ) high and / or a total energy (E total in J) high.
• bituminous compositions in particular the crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions, have a maximum elongation, according to standard NF EN 13587, greater than or equal to 400%), preferably greater than or equal to 500%, more preferably greater than or equal to 600 %), still more preferably greater than or equal to 700%>.
• bituminous compositions in particular the crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions, have a maximum elongation stress, according to standard NF EN 13587, greater than or equal to 0.4 MPa, preferably greater than or equal to 0.6 MPa, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 MPa, still more preferably greater than or equal to 1.2 MPa.
• bituminous compositions in particular the crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions, have a conventional energy at 400%, according to standard NF EN 13587, greater than or equal to 3 J / cm 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 5 J / cm 2 more preferably greater than or equal to 10 J / cm 2 , even more preferably greater than or equal to 15 J / cm 2 .
• bituminous compositions in particular the crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions, have a total energy, according to standard NF EN 13587, greater than or equal to 1 J, preferably greater than or equal to 2 J, more preferably greater than or equal to 4 J, still more preferably greater than or equal to 5 J.
• the bituminous composition may also optionally comprise adhesiveness dopes and / or surfactants. They are chosen from alkyle-lamin derivatives, alkyl-polyamine derivatives, alkylamidopolyamine derivatives, alkyl amidopolyamine derivatives and quaternary ammonium salt derivatives, taken alone or as a mixture. The most used are tallow propylene diamines, tallow amido amines, quaternary ammoniums obtained by quaternization of tallow propylene diamines, tallow propylenes-polyamines.
• the quantity of adhesiveness dopes and / or surfactants in the bituminous composition is between 0.1% and 2% by weight, relative to the weight of the bituminous composition, preferably between 0.2% and 1% .
• bituminous composition in particular the bitumen / crosslinked polymer composition according to the invention, is free of oil of petroleum origin, oil of plant origin and / or of animal origin because the presence of an oil could alter the properties of resistance to chemical attack, and in particular to hydrocarbons of the bituminous composition, in particular of the bitumen / crosslinked polymer composition by softening too much the bituminous composition, in particular the bitumen / crosslinked polymer composition.
• the bituminous composition is prepared by mixing the additive of general formula (1) with the bituminous composition at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 220 ° C., preferably 140 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 160 ° C. at 180 ° C, for a period of 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 24 hours, more preferably from 2 hours to 16 hours, even more preferably from 4 hours to 8 hours.
• the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition is firstly prepared without the additive of general formula (1), by mixing the bitumen, the polymer, in particular the monovinyl hydrocarbon copolymer. aromatic and conjugated diene, in particular the copolymer of styrene and butadiene, and optionally the crosslinking agent at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 220 ° C., preferably of 140 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably of 160 ° C. C at 180 ° C for a period of 1 hour to 48 hours, preferably 4 hours to 24 hours, more preferably 8 hours to 16 hours.
• the polymer in particular the monovinyl hydrocarbon copolymer. aromatic and conjugated diene, in particular the copolymer of styrene and butadiene
• the crosslinking agent at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 220 ° C., preferably of 140 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably of 160 ° C
• the additive of general formula (1) is then added to the crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 220 ° C., preferably of 140 ° C. to 200 ° C. more preferably from 160 ° C to 180 ° C, for a period of 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 24 hours, more preferably from 2 hours to 16 hours, more preferably from 4 hours to 8 hours.
• bituminous compositions and the crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions comprising the additive of general formula (1) are essentially intended to produce bituminous mixes or surface coatings for road applications.
• bituminous compositions and crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions comprising the additive of general formula (1) will be mixed with aggregates to provide bituminous mixes resistant to chemical attack, in particular resistant to hydrocarbons.
• the amount of bituminous composition comprising the additive of general formula (1) in the bituminous mix is between 1 and 10% by weight, relative to the weight of bituminous mix, preferably between 2 and 8%, more preferably between 3 and 5%, the remainder being constituted by aggregates.
• Asphalt mixes will be used as a surface layer in areas where the surface may come into contact with aggressive chemical agents such as petroleum hydrocarbons or de-icing, de-icing and / or snow removal products, for example due to .
• aggressive chemical agents such as petroleum hydrocarbons or de-icing, de-icing and / or snow removal products, for example due to .
• Such surfaces include, for example, parking lots, tarmac and airport runways, service stations, roundabouts, hydrocarbon deposits.
• the additive of general formula (1) will be used to improve the resistance of bituminous compositions to chemical attacks caused by hydrocarbons, in particular petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasolines, fuels, super-fuels, kerosene, jet fuels, diesel fuels. , the fuels.
• the additive of general formula (1) will be used to improve the resistance of bituminous compositions to chemical attack caused by de-icing, de-icing and / or snow removal products such as aqueous salt solutions of potassium, sodium, magnesium and / or calcium, and / or compositions based on ethylene glycol and / or based on propylene glycol.
• the additive of general formula (1) is particularly effective for improving the resistance of bituminous compositions to hydrocarbons, in particular to petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasolines, kerosines and / or gas oils.
• the hydrocarbon resistance of the bituminous compositions is evaluated according to an internal method similar to the method used to measure the Ball and Ring Temperature of bitumens (EN 1427).
• the rings filled with bituminous compositions are placed in the supports usually used in the EN 1427 method, 5 g beads are placed on these supports.
• the supports are placed in a beaker filled with kerosene, instead of the water usually used in the standard EN 1427 method.
• the resistance of the bituminous compositions to kerosene is evaluated at ambient temperature and with stirring.
• the duration, the softening time of the two bituminous discs is evaluated until each ball, enveloped in bituminous compositions, descends from a height of (25.0 ⁇ 0.4) mm.
• the problem of the dissolution of bituminous compositions in kerosene arises.
• the liquid in the beaker becomes opaque, and it is impossible to know visually when the balls fall. We proceeded by inspection while leaving the supports at regular intervals of time.
• compositions are prepared from:
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and are linear and saturated hydrocarbon groups of 17 carbon atoms (ethylene bis-stearamide),
• bituminous compositions are prepared in the following manner:
• bituminous compositions C 2 to C 4 For the bituminous compositions C 2 to C 4 , a bitumen is introduced into a reactor maintained at 185 ° C. with stirring at 300 rpm. The contents of the reactor are maintained at 185 ° C. with stirring at 300 rpm for 10 minutes. The additive of general formula (1) is then introduced into the reactor. The contents of the reactor are maintained at 185 ° C. with stirring at 300 rpm for 1 hour.
• the bitumen and the styrene / butadiene copolymer SB are introduced into a reactor maintained at 185 ° C. and with stirring at 300 rpm.
• the reactor contents are then maintained at 185 ° C. with stirring at 300 rpm for 4 hours.
• the sulfur in bloom is then introduced into the reactor.
• the contents of the reactor are maintained at 185 ° C. with stirring at 300 rpm for 2 hours and then at 185 ° C. with stirring at 150 rpm for 12 hours.
• the procedure is the same and then the additive of general formula (1) is added to the reactor.
• the contents of the reactor are maintained at 185 ° C. with stirring at 300 rpm for 1 hour.
• Compositions C 2 to C 4 correspond to bituminous compositions consisting of bitumen and an additive according to general formula (1).
• the bituminous composition Ci is a bituminous control composition comprising only bitumen and no additive according to the general formula (1).
• the bituminous composition C 2 is a control bituminous composition comprising only 1% by weight of additive according to the general formula (1).
• the bituminous compositions C 3 and C 4 are bituminous compositions according to the invention comprising 2% or 3% by mass of additive according to the general formula (1).
• Compositions C 6 to C 8 correspond to crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions consisting of bitumen, an additive according to general formula (1) and a copolymer of styrene and crosslinked butadiene.
• the bituminous composition C 5 is a bitumen / crosslinked control polymer composition comprising no additive according to the general formula (1).
• the C 6 crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition is a control composition comprising only 1% by weight of additive of general formula (1).
• the C 7 and Cs crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions are crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions according to the invention comprising 2% or 3% by weight of additive according to the general formula (1).
• bituminous compositions Ci to Cs the following characteristics are determined: penetrability at 25 ° C., denoted P 25 (1/10 mm), measured according to standard EN 1426,
• the kerosene resistance of the C 3 and C 4 bituminous compositions is very much improved when 2% or 3% by weight of additive of general formula (1) is added to the bituminous composition Ci.
• the kerosene resistance is 7 hours for the C 3 bituminous composition and is 11 hours for the C 4 bituminous composition whereas it is only 40 minutes for the C 2 bituminous composition comprising 1% by mass of additive of general formula (1).
• the kerosene resistance of the C 7 and C 7 crosslinked bitumen / polymer compositions is very significantly improved when 2% or 3% by weight of additive of general formula (1) is added to the C 5 crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition.
• the kerosene resistance is 18 hours for the Cs crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition and is 10 hours for the C 7 crosslinked bitumen / polymer composition, whereas it is only 1 hour and 30 minutes for the bitumen / crosslinked polymer composition C 6 comprising 1% by weight of additive of general formula (1).
• Hydrocarbon resistance tests are also carried out according to EN 12697-43 on bituminous mixes.
• the bituminous mixes E ls E 4 , E 5 and E 8 comprise respectively 5.6% by weight of bituminous composition Ci, C 4 , C 5 or C 8 , relative to the weight of the bituminous mix, and 94.4 % by mass of aggregates (composition of aggregates: 38% by weight of aggregates 6/10, relative to the weight of aggregates, 5% by weight of aggregates 4/6, 5% by weight of aggregates 2/4, 48% ) in mass of sand 0/2 and 4% by mass of fillers, voids content 8.5-9.5%).
• the mixes are prepared by mixing the bituminous compositions and aggregates at 180 ° C.
• bituminous mix E 4 is more resistant to diesel and kerosene than the bituminous mix E ls all the values A and B of the bituminous mix E 4 being lower than those of the bituminous mix Ei.
• the addition of 3% by weight of additive of general formula (1) in pure bitumen has therefore very markedly improved the resistance of pure bitumen to diesel and kerosene.
• bituminous mix E 8 is more resistant to diesel and kerosene than the bituminous mix E5, all the values A and B of the bituminous mix E 6 being lower than or equal to those of the bituminous mix E 5 .
• the addition of 3% by weight of additive of general formula (1) in a bitumen / crosslinked polymer composition has therefore improved the resistance of the bitumen / polymer crosslinked composition with respect to diesel fuel and kerosene.

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