EP2487414A1 - Grate bar - Google Patents

Abstract

The bar (1) has an upper combustion surface (4) facing a combustion side, and a rear support region (2) placed on a grate carrier. A front nose region (3) is rounded between the combustion surface and a front edge (3'), and cooling fins for cooling air protrude from a lower face of the combustion surface. A head part (8) comprises regionally thickened head fins that are arranged below the combustion surface in a longitudinal direction and a vertical direction. Head slots are formed between a lateral end wall and the head fins, where the bar is made of metal. An independent claim is also included for a grate.

Description

The present invention relates to a grate bar according to the preamble of claim 1.

For the combustion of different fuels such as household waste, industrial waste, wood waste, solid or porous fuels, as well as fuels with high and low ignitability, combustion plants with combustion chambers are conventionally used, in which the fuel is applied, for example, to a mechanically operated grate and burned on it.

Combustion plants are generally processed combustion material with high and low calorific value, so that in the grate elements used large heat-related problems can occur. In particular, in the grate head region of the grate elements may burn due to excessive thermal stress or corrode.

An object of the present invention is to provide a grate bar which has a long life.

The object of the invention is achieved by means of a grate bar according to the wording of claim 1. Further embodiments are shown in the dependent claims.

Proposed is a grate bar for incinerators with a substantially closed, the combustion side facing surface, a rear, designed to rest on a grate support to form the grate support area and a front, rounded between the surface and front edge nose with a bottom formed on the support surface and from the bottom of the grate forming surface protruding cooling fins for air cooling, wherein a head part in the interior at least partially thickened formed head ribs for air cooling in the longitudinal direction and vertical direction below the combustion side facing surface. This ensures that the life of the grate bar according to the invention is considerably prolonged, since after heat erosion of the nose, for example, as a result of chlorine corrosion, the head ribs are indeed closed by Vebrennungsschlacke, but the thickening of the head ribs form another obstacle to the heat-related ablation and simultaneously Cooling of the head part is made possible by the head ribs.

A further embodiment is that the head ribs have two or more, preferably two, three or four thickenings arranged parallel to one another. As a result, the service life of the grate bar can be extended even further, since, after removal of the outermost combustion surface, at least one further surface for heat-related ablation is available.

A further embodiment according to the invention is that the head ribs are substantially trapezoidal and / or have funnel-shaped and / or angular and / or wedge-shaped thickening. It is conceivable to combine the shapes of the thickened head ribs arbitrarily as eg only angular thickening or in combination with any other shape.

A further embodiment according to the invention is that in each case head slots are formed between a side wall and the head ribs. Due to the configuration of the head part with the head ribs or the intervening head slots, the heat or heat produced by the combustion process can be dissipated via a large cooling surface. The combustion air can circulate thanks to the head slots. The thermal wear takes place initially primarily at the head of the grate bar. Once the combustion surface of the head part has been removed by heat-related wear, the part lying behind is available for further wear in the form of the trapezoidal thickenings of the head slots closed by incineration slag. Thanks to the head slots, a circulation of the combustion air and thus a cooling of the hot head part is made possible.

Yet another embodiment is that the head slots a funnel, which is arranged within the head part and the funnel then opens into a tapered part of the head slot. The head ribs are arranged between a lateral end wall and extension-like head ribs and together form a comb-like structure.

Yet another embodiment is that the head ribs are formed thickened approximately in the front third.

Yet another embodiment is that at least a portion of the sidewall along the head portion has a recess.

A still further embodiment is that the grate bar has a back part which is provided with a longitudinal slot open at least in the back part to the surface and wherein the cooling ribs protrude into the interior of the back part.

Yet another embodiment is that the grate bar is made of metal.

In a further embodiment, the grate bar is designed as a Wenderoststab, with a nose for the nose and headboard same rear nose and headboard. Such Wenderoststäbe can be turned at the end of the life of the first head part and thus the other head part can be used again over virtually the same period of operation. For this purpose, two symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the grate bar bearing surfaces are formed on the underside.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a grate for use in a grate firing of incinerators, wherein at least one transverse row with grate bars according to the invention is movably arranged in the grate and, following the first transverse row, a next transverse row with a grate bar is fixedly arranged to a grate bar according to the invention. This ensures that the Burning material can be moved continuously towards the combustion side.

In a further embodiment, the grate bar overlaps the surface of a subsequent grate bar in an imbricated manner with its bearing surface.

In a further embodiment, a plurality of grate bars are arranged with their longitudinal sides parallel to one another.

Fig. 1

schematisch, ein Seitenschnitt eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes;

Fig. 2

schematisch, eine Ansicht gemäss Figur 1;

Fig. 3

ein erster vergrösserter Schnitt entlang einer Linie E-E gemäss Figur 2;

Fig. 4

ein zweiter vergrösserter Schnitt entlang einer Linie B-B gemäss Figur 2;

Fig. 5

ein dritter vergrösserter Schnitt entlang einer Linie A-A gemäss Figur 2,

Fig. 6

ein vergrössertes Kopfteil eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes nach Figur 7; Fig. 7 schematisch, eine Aufsicht eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes;

Fig.8a

schematisch, ein Seitenschnitt eines weiteren Kopfteils eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes;

Fig. 8b

schematisch, eine Aufsicht nach Figur 8a;

Fig. 9a

schematisch, ein Seitenschnitt eines noch weiteren Kopfteils eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes;

Fig. 9b

schematisch, eine Aufsicht nach Figur 9a; und

Fig. 10a

schematisch, ein Seitenschnitt eines noch weiteren Kopfteils eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes; und

Fig. 10b

schematisch, eine Aufsicht nach Figur 10a.

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures. Show it

Fig. 1

schematically, a side section of a grate bar according to the invention;

Fig. 2

schematically, a view according to FIG. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a first enlarged section along a line EE according to FIG. 2 ;

Fig. 4

a second enlarged section along a line BB according to FIG. 2 ;

Fig. 5

a third enlarged section along a line AA according to FIG. 2 .

Fig. 6

an enlarged headboard of a grate bar according to the invention Figure 7; Fig. 7 schematically, a plan view of a grate bar according to the invention;

Figure 8a

schematically, a side section of a further head portion of a grate bar according to the invention;

Fig. 8b

schematically, a top view FIG. 8a ;

Fig. 9a

schematically, a side section of a still further head portion of a grate bar according to the invention;

Fig. 9b

schematically, a top view FIG. 9a ; and

Fig. 10a

schematically, a side section of a still further head portion of a grate bar according to the invention; and

Fig. 10b

schematically, a top view FIG. 10a ,

FIG. 1 schematically shows a side section CC according to FIG. 7 a grate bar 1 according to the invention for an incinerator. Such grate bars or elements can be arranged side by side lying connected to virtually any width. It is conceivable that the grate bars are first arranged in a first transverse row parallel to each other with their longitudinal sides and following the first transverse row at least one further transverse row follows. In this case, the first transverse row may have fixed grate bars and the grate bars of the further transverse row are arranged movably. By moving the grate bars, the combustion material can be continuously transported toward the combustion side. It is conceivable either to arrange alternately one transverse row alternately and to subsequently arrange the following movable and to arrange the next transverse row firmly again, etc. But there are also other arrangements of fixed and movable transverse rows conceivable, for example, a transverse row movable, in the connection again two fixed transverse rows, then again one movable transverse row. One end 2 of the grate bar 1 is formed nose-like as a support portion 2 to be fixed in a combustion device in a conventional manner in a holder. The front end of the grate bar 1 has a rounded edge, respectively. Nose 3 with a front edge 3 'as a continuation of the overhead combustion surface 4. A surface 4 'below the combustion surface 4 in the interior of the grate bar 1 can form a further combustion surface as soon as the combustion surface 4 has been removed by heat-related corrosion. Supporting area 2 as well as nose 3 are formed such that grate bars 1 overlap scalyly overlapping, that is, in each case the bearing under the nose 3 bearing surfaces 5 are supported on the surfaces or overhead combustion surfaces 4 of the subsequent grate bars 1 resp. rest and thus form the grate surface of the incinerator. Next, the grate bar has a transverse rib 6 and a back part 7. A region 8 between the front edge 3 'of the nose 3 and the transverse rib 6 forms a head part 8.

FIG. 2 schematically represents a view according to FIG. 1 represents.

Already too FIG. 1 introduced reference numerals correspond to the features of FIG. 1 , Next is in FIG. 2 a side wall 9 with recesses 10, 10 ', 10 "and mounting holes 11 for the connection of the individual grate bars shown.

FIG. 3 represents a first enlarged section along a line EE according to FIG. 2 The overhead combustion surface 4 is formed closed and goes in a lateral end wall 12 via. Head ribs 13, 13 'are formed along a first portion A1 below the combustion surface 4 or, in other words, are formed as projections projecting below the combustion surface and projecting into the interior of the grate bar 1. The head ribs 13, initially extend in the longitudinal direction of the grate bar 1 and extend in the vertical direction. Head slots 14, 14 'are formed between the head ribs 13, 13'. The head slots 14, 14 'thereby form grooves between the head ribs 13, 13'. The central head slot 14 'has a slightly wider funnel 15' as compared to the two funnels 15 of the head slots 14 disposed adjacent each side. The head slots 14, 14 'are open at the bottom. The head slots 14, 14 'are arranged between the lateral end wall 12 and the head ribs formed as extensions 8 of the head part 13, 13' and form a comb-like structure in the interior of the head part 8. The funnels 15, 15 'open into a tapered part 16, 16' of the corresponding head slots 14, 14 '.

FIG. 4 is a second enlarged section along a line BB according to FIG. 2 , Cooling ribs 17 of the back part 7 of different expansions protrude into the interior of the grate bar 1. Between the cooling fins 17 spacings 18 are formed. Next, the side wall 9 is shown with the corresponding recess 10 ".

FIG. 5 represents a third enlarged section along a line AA FIG. 2 The side wall 9 is pierced by the mounting opening 11. Next are the Cooling ribs 17 are shown with the intervening distances 18, which protrude starting from the combustion surface 4 into the interior of the grate bar 1 in.

FIG. 6 represents the enlarged head portion 8 of the inventive grate bar according to a section Z. FIG. 7 represents.
A second section A2 of the combustion surface 4 is formed without head ribs 13 13 'or without the intervening head slots 14, 14', ie the second section A2 forms an integral partial element of the head part 8. Following the second section A2 is a third section A3 formed with the trapezoidal head ribs 13, 13 'and the intermediate head slots 14, 14'. The head ribs 13, 13 'or head slots 14, 14' extend in the direction of the transverse rib 6 and extend both in the longitudinal and in the vertical direction of the head part 8. The head slots 14 14 formed along an outer side of the head part 8 'are each formed between the lateral end wall 12 and the corresponding head rib 13. Subsequent to the second section A2, a funnel-shaped inlet 19, 19 'is formed in the respective head slot 14, 14'. The head slot 14, 14 'in each case has the tapered part 16, 16', which opens into a funnel-shaped outlet 20, 20 '. The output 20, 20 'leads in this case in a compared to the tapered part 16, 16' wider head slot part 21, 21 'over. As a result, a part 22, 22 'of the head ribs 13, 13' formed substantially as a trapezoidal thickening.

FIG. 7 FIG. 2 shows a top view of the grate bar 1 according to the invention. The head part 8 with the head slots 14, 14 'and the head ribs 13, 13' and the back part 7 with the cooling ribs 17 and the spacings 18 between them are shown. In this case, the head slots 14, 14 'and the distances 18 in the longitudinal direction of the grate bar 1 one behind the other and are connected to each other. In the combustion process, the temperature in the head part 8 is highest for air-cooled grate bars and the heat-related wear is greatest.
By providing a large cooling surface of the comb-like structure of the head ribs 13, 13 'and circulation of the combustion air in the head slots 14, 14', the heat can be dissipated. Is the second section A2 (see FIG. 6 ) removed by thermal wear, the following third section A3 (see FIG. 6 ) with the head ribs 14, 14 'for further thermal wear available. As long as until the trapezoidal thickening 22, 22 'of the head ribs 14, 14' are also removed due to heat.

FIG. 8a schematically represents a side section of a further head portion 8 'of a grate bar according to the invention. In this case, a first layer 23 for removal by heat corrosion is shown, which is at least partially formed by the combustion surface 4. Next are in FIG. 8a a second layer 24 and a third layer 25 can be seen. The second layer 24 and the third layer 25 are formed by the thickened head ribs 13, 13 '. Between the first layer 23 and the second layer 24 is a first recess 26 educated. A second recess 27 lies between the second layer 24 and the third layer 25. The second layer 24 follows in the direction of the interior of the further head part 8 'following the first layer 23. The third layer 25 is adjacent to the second layer 24 in the direction of the interior of the other head part 8 'arranged. Following the third layer 25, the central head slot 14 'is shown. These three layers 23, 24, 25 for erosion by heat corrosion allow the grate bar according to the invention to have a longer service life, because the two further layers 24, 25 are still available for further ablation due to heat-related ablation of the first layer 23, ie thermal wear are available.

FIG. 8b represents, schematically, a supervision FIG. 8a The three layers 23, 24 and 25 are shown. The second and third layers 24, 25 have angled thickenings 28, 28 ', 29, 29' on the head ribs 13, 13 '. The angular thickenings 28, 28 ', 29, 29' protrude from the corresponding head rib 13, 13 'into the interior of the further head part 8'. The first recess 26 is followed by the first recess 26, followed by the second recess 24 following the first recess 26. The second recess 27 is again arranged on the second layer 24, followed by the third layer 25 following the third layer 25 runs the head slot 14 '. Here, the centrally disposed thickening 28 ', 29' in comparison to the side extending therefrom thickening 28, 29 formed about twice as thick.

Between the angular thickenings 28, 28 ', 29, 29' is in each case the corresponding head slot 14, 14 '.

FIG. 9a schematically shows a side section of a still further head portion 8 "of a grate bar according to the invention. In this case, the three layers 23, 24 and 25 with the recesses 26, 27 are shown.

FIG. 9b represents, schematically, a supervision FIG. 9a In contrast to FIG. 8a the second layer 24 has funnel-shaped thickenings 30, 30 'and the third layer 25 has angularly formed thickenings 31, 31'.

FIG. 10a schematically represents a side section of a still further head portion 8 '''of a grate bar according to the invention. In this case, three layers 23, 24 and 25 are shown.

In addition, a fourth layer 32 connects to the third layer 25 toward the interior of the still further head part 8 '". Between the third layer 25 and the fourth layer 32, a further recess 33 is formed.

FIG. 10b represents, schematically, a supervision FIG. 10a In contrast to the FIGS. 8a and 9a the second layer 24 has wedge-shaped thickenings 34, 34 'and the third layer 25 has angled thickenings 35, 35'. Next, following the third layer 25, the fourth layer 32 with likewise angular thickenings 36, 36 'represents. This allows a particularly long life of the grate bar according to the invention.

It is conceivable that the thickening of the head ribs 13, 13 'described in the preceding figures can be combined with one another as desired.

Features with the same reference numerals in the FIGS. 1 to 10b correspond in each case the same technical features of the corresponding figure.

Claims (13)

Grate bar (1) for incinerators having a substantially closed surface (4) facing the combustion side, a rear support portion (2) adapted to rest on a grate support for forming the grate, and a front intermediate surface (4) and front edge (3) ') rounded nose (3) with a support surface formed on the underside (5) and with the underside of the surface forming the grate projecting cooling ribs (17) for air cooling, characterized in that a head part (8) formed inside at least partially thickened Having head ribs (13, 13 ') for air cooling in the longitudinal direction and vertical direction below the combustion side facing surface (4). Grate bar (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the head ribs (13, 13 ') have two or more, preferably two, three or four thickenings (22, 22', 28, 28 ', 29, 29'; 30, 30 ', 31, 31', 34, 34 ', 35, 35', 36, 36). Grate bar (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the head ribs (13, 13 ') are substantially trapezoidal (22, 22') and / or funnel-shaped (30, 30 ') and / or angular (28, 28'). 29, 29 ', 31, 31', 34, 34 ', 36, 36') and / or wedge-shaped thickenings (35, 35 '). Grate bar (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that respective head slots (14, 14 ') are formed between a side wall (9) and the head ribs (14, 14'). Grate bar (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the head slots (14; 14 ') have a funnel (15; 15') which is arranged inside the head part (8) and the funnel (15; ), and in which the head slots (14, 14 ') between a lateral end wall (12) and the extension-like head ribs (13, 13') terminates in a tapered part (16; 16 ') of the head slot (14; are arranged and together form a comb-like structure. Grate bar (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the head ribs (13, 13 ') are formed thickened approximately in the front third. Grate bar (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least a part of the side wall (9) along the head part (8) has a recess (10; 10 ', 10 "). Grate bar (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the grate bar (1) has a back part (7). which is provided with at least one in the back part (7) to the surface (4) open longitudinal slot and wherein the cooling ribs (17) projecting into the interior of the back part (7). Grate bar according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the grate bar (1) is made of metal. Grate bar according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is designed as Wenderoststab, with a front nose (3) and head part (8) constructed equal rear nose and headboard. Grate for use in a grate firing of incinerators, characterized in that at least one transverse row with a grate bar (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10 is movably arranged in the grate and following the first transverse row a next transverse row with a grate bar (1 ) is fixedly arranged according to one of claims 1 to 10. Grate according to claim 11, wherein the grate bar (1) with its bearing surface (5) overlaps the surface (4) of a subsequent grate bar (1) in an imbricated manner. Grate according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that a plurality of grate bars (1) are arranged with their longitudinal sides parallel to each other.

Images