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EP2485938A1 - Anchoring device for elements floating on the surface of an expanse of water - Google Patents

Anchoring device for elements floating on the surface of an expanse of water

Info

Publication number
EP2485938A1
EP2485938A1 EP10774246A EP10774246A EP2485938A1 EP 2485938 A1 EP2485938 A1 EP 2485938A1 EP 10774246 A EP10774246 A EP 10774246A EP 10774246 A EP10774246 A EP 10774246A EP 2485938 A1 EP2485938 A1 EP 2485938A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring device
floating
rotation
hollow body
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10774246A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2485938B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Fabrice Lessard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D2m Engineering
Original Assignee
Compagnie Engrenages et Reducteurs Messian Durand SA
D2M Consultants SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Engrenages et Reducteurs Messian Durand SA, D2M Consultants SA filed Critical Compagnie Engrenages et Reducteurs Messian Durand SA
Publication of EP2485938A1 publication Critical patent/EP2485938A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2485938B1 publication Critical patent/EP2485938B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/04—Fixations or other anchoring arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anchoring device for floating element on the surface of a body of water, such as a sea.
  • An anchoring device is intended to maintain substantially in position a floating element on a body of water with respect to the bottom of this body of water.
  • an anchoring device of the type comprising means for hooking to a bottom of the body of water and means for fixing a line for connecting the anchoring device to a floating element.
  • floating elements such as devices for converting wave energy from the body of water to electrical energy
  • three anchors For optimum stability, certain floating elements, such as devices for converting wave energy from the body of water to electrical energy, are held in position by three anchors.
  • the assembly constituted by the floating element and these three anchoring devices is generally bulky, so that it is difficult to arrange a large number of floating elements on a reduced surface of the body of water.
  • the invention aims in particular to overcome this disadvantage by providing an anchoring device to facilitate the installation of a multitude of floating elements on a reduced surface of the body of water.
  • the subject of the invention is an anchoring device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a lower part comprising means for hooking to a bottom of the body of water, capable of producing a strong catch such that the anchoring device can no longer be displaced with respect to this bottom, and
  • an upper part comprising fastening means for at least two lines, connected to the lower part by means of rotary connection means around a substantially vertical axis of rotation.
  • An anchoring device preferably comprises one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
  • the lower part comprises a lower support plate, of generally circular shape about the axis of rotation
  • the upper part comprises a rotary upper plate, generally circular shape about the axis of rotation, the upper rotary plate being provided with retaining means against the lower support plate.
  • the anchoring device comprises sliding means, for example an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads, applied between the upper and lower plates, and preferably between the retaining means and the lower plate, in order to promote sliding and rotation of the upper plate on the lower plate.
  • sliding means for example an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads
  • One of the lower or upper plates comprises a centering shaft, cooperating with a complementary cylindrical orifice, of axis coinciding with the axis of rotation, formed in the other of the upper or lower plates.
  • the anchoring device comprises locking means of the rotary connection means, preferably comprising orifices in the lower and upper parts, the orifices being spaced radially from the axis of rotation by the same radial distance, so that each of the orifices of the upper part may be arranged opposite each of the orifices of the lower part, by rotation of the upper part relative to the part, the locking means comprising at least one locking pin intended to be inserted into two orifices opposite.
  • the fastening means of at least one line comprise a ball joint.
  • the anchoring device comprises a hollow body carrying the attachment means and the fixing means, each ball joint being formed by two pivot links in series, perpendicular axes, formed by first and second connecting elements, such as that: the first connecting element passes through a complementary orifice formed in the hollow body, so as to form the first pivot connection, and comprises a first end, arranged inside the hollow body, provided with a shoulder intended for cooperate with an edge of the orifice, and a second end, arranged outside the hollow body, having a through hole of a shaft of the second pivot connection, and the second connecting element comprises a first end comprising a passage opening of the shaft of the second pivot connection, and a second end carrying the line.
  • the anchoring device comprises: a first seal interposed between each shoulder and the edge of each orifice, and / or
  • a second sealing member surrounding the first connecting element outside the hollow body, interposed between the second connecting element and the hollow body.
  • the fastening means at the bottom of the body of water are suction hooking means.
  • the centering shaft has an inward passage defined by the hollow body, so that the snap by suction is likely to be achieved by means of a vacuum pump mounted on the centering shaft.
  • the hooking means at the bottom of the body of water are means for hooking by hammering.
  • the invention also relates to an array of floating elements on the surface of a body of water, comprising at least one anchoring device as defined above and at least two floating elements, each of these floating elements being connected by a respective line to the same anchoring device.
  • the network of floating elements comprises at least one floating element structure comprising six floating elements, and seven anchoring devices, such as:
  • each floating element is connected by three distinct lines to three anchoring devices,
  • the six floating elements are distributed angularly around a central anchoring device, and are all connected to this central anchoring device by a respective line,
  • peripheral anchoring devices are distributed angularly around the floating elements, each peripheral anchoring device being connected to two floating elements by two respective lines.
  • the network of floating elements comprises a plurality of structures of floating elements, such that at least one peripheral anchoring device of a structure also forms a peripheral anchoring device of another structure.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of an anchoring device according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of the anchoring device of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of an anchoring device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the anchoring device of Figure 3; and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a first connecting element of the anchoring device of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents a network structure of floating elements comprising anchoring devices according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents an array of floating elements and anchoring devices according to the invention, comprising the structure of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 10 for anchoring a floating element on the surface of a body of water, such as a sea.
  • the floating element is a marker buoy, a device measuring device, or a device for converting the wave energy of the body of water into electrical energy.
  • the anchoring device 10 comprises means 12 for hooking to a bottom
  • the anchoring device 10 comprises fastening means 16 for at least two, preferably six, lines 18.
  • the anchoring device 10 can be connected to up to six floating elements 20, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 and will be described later.
  • the attachment means 12 to the bottom 14 of the body of water are suction hooking means.
  • suction hooking means comprise a steel tube 22 comprising an upper end 24 obstructed and a low end 26 open.
  • the suction anchoring device 10 firstly penetrates the bottom 14 under the effect of its weight. Then, the water remaining in the unpressed portion of the tube 22 is pumped, generating a depression allowing the tube 22 to adhere strongly to the bottom 14.
  • the anchoring device 10 could be hooked to the bottom 14 by depression, for example by hammering.
  • the anchoring devices 10 are usually installed at the bottom 14 before being connected to the corresponding floating elements. Due to the strong attachment to the bottom 14, the anchoring device 10 can not be moved after being installed.
  • the direction of the fastening means 16 of the anchor line 18 is fixed, so that the direction of this anchor line 18 is imposed, to within 10 ° rotation about a substantially vertical axis X, which limits the arrangement conveniences of the floating elements 20 with respect to this anchoring device.
  • the lines 18 are preferably connected to the anchoring device 10 by means of links having at least two degrees of freedom in rotation.
  • the anchoring device 10 comprises a lower part 28, comprising the attachment means 12, and an upper part comprising the fastening means 16 of the lines 18.
  • the lower 28 and upper 30 parts are connected to each other by means of rotary connection means 32 about a substantially vertical axis of rotation X.
  • rotary connection means 32 about a substantially vertical axis of rotation X.
  • the vertical direction is a direction parallel to gravity.
  • the lower portion 28 comprises a lower support plate 34 arranged at the upper end 24 of the hollow tube 22.
  • the lower support plate 34 has a general shape of revolution about the axis of rotation X.
  • the upper part 30 comprises a rotary upper plate 36, generally of revolution about the axis of rotation X.
  • the upper plate 36 is provided with retaining means 38 against the lower support plate 34.
  • the retaining means 38 comprise shoes 40 fixed to the upper rotary plate 36 and each having a shoulder 42, such as the lower plate 34 is interposed axially between the upper rotary plate 36 and the shoulders 42. hooves 40 are generally attached to the upper plate 36 after the mounting of this upper plate 36 on the lower plate 34.
  • the retaining means 38 could comprise a single retaining element of general shape of revolution, comprising a peripheral shoulder for retaining the rotatable upper plate 36 against the lower support plate 34.
  • a centering shaft 43 is provided for guiding the rotation of the upper plate 30 around the axis X.
  • one of the lower plates 34 or upper 36 is provided with this centering shaft 43, which cooperates with a complementary cylindrical orifice of axis X formed in the other upper plate 36 or lower 34.
  • the centering shaft 43 has an inward passage delimited by the hollow body 22.
  • the suction coupling is achieved by means of a vacuum pump mounted on the centering shaft.
  • sealing means 43A of known type and shown schematically in FIG. 3 are provided on the centering shaft 43 in order to maintain the vacuum in the hollow body 22.
  • sliding means 37 comprising for example an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads, are applied between the upper and lower plates 34 to promote the sliding and rotation of this upper plate 36 on top.
  • This lower plate 34 is also provided with sliding means, such as an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads.
  • the fixing means 16 of the lines 1 8 are free to rotate about the axis X and do not impose a direction to the lines 1 8, so no constraints for the arrangement of the floating element 20 with respect to the anchoring device 1 0.
  • the anchoring device 1 0 comprises means 44 for locking the rotary connection means 32, making it possible to lock the upper plate 36 in position relative to the lower plate 34 when the floating element 20 is correctly arranged relative to to the anchoring device 1 0.
  • the locking means 44 comprise orifices 45, 46, formed respectively in the upper plates 36 and lower 34, spaced radially from the axis of rotation X by the same radial distance.
  • the upper plate has six orifices 45 and the lower plate has eighteen orifices 46, each upper orifice 45 can thus be arranged opposite a lower orifice 46 to choice, by rotation of the upper part 30 with respect to the lower part 28 of the anchoring device 10.
  • the locking means 44 comprise at least one locking pin 48, preferably as many pins 48 as upper holes 45, intended to be inserted into the upper orifices 45 and lower 46 opposite, so as to lock the rotation of the upper plate 36 relative to the lower plate 34.
  • the upper plate 36 can be locked in various angular positions.
  • an anchoring device 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention is particularly simple to implement
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an anchoring device 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.
  • the attachment means 16 of a line 18 comprise a ball joint.
  • Each ball joint is formed by two pivot links 16A, 16B in series, with perpendicular axes.
  • the first pivot link 16A is formed by a first connecting element 50, shown in more detail in FIG. 5, passing through a complementary orifice 52 formed in the hollow body 22.
  • the first connecting element 50 has a first end 50A, arranged inside the hollow body 22, provided with a shoulder 54 intended to cooperate with an edge of the orifice 52.
  • the shoulder 54 preferably has a convex surface 55, for example in a portion of a cylinder, intended to cooperate with a complementary recess carried by the hollow body 22. These complementary cylindrical portion shapes allow, at least in part, to ensure a sealing of the hollow body 22 when they are engaged.
  • Each orifice 52 is sufficiently wide to allow rotation of the first connecting element 50 in this orifice 52.
  • each orifice 52 is dimensioned to allow a maximum rotation of 15 ° of the first connecting element 50.
  • a first seal of sealing 56 is interposed between each shoulder 54 and the edge of each orifice 52.
  • clamping means 57 for clamping each shoulder 54 against the edge of the orifice 52 by pinching the first seal 56, making it possible to optimize the sealing of the hollow body 22.
  • clamping means 57 comprise for example, holes in the shoulders 54 and the hollow body 22, for the passage of clamping screw (not shown).
  • clamping screws making it possible to optimize the sealing during suction hooking, it is envisaged that these clamping screws are breakable by shearing, in order to be cut once the suction hooking is done, to allow rotation. of the first connecting element 50.
  • the first connecting element 50 also has a second end 50B, arranged outside the hollow body 22, and having a hole 58 for passage of a shaft 60 of the second pivot link 1 6B.
  • the ball joint 16 also comprises a second connecting element 62, comprising a first end 62A having a through hole of the shaft 60 and a second end 60B carrying the line 1 8, using conventional means.
  • This second sealing element 63 is for example made of laminated elastomer compressed between the second element link 62 and the hollow body 22.
  • This second sealing element 63 is pressed against the hollow body 22 by the second connecting element 62, when the latter is in the mounting position as shown in FIG. 3, in which the suction hooking is realized.
  • the second connecting element 62 has a cam shape optimizing the force it applies to the second sealing element when it is in the mounting position.
  • the ball joint 16 preferably comprises screws 65 for immobilizing the second connecting element 62 with respect to the first connecting element 50. These immobilizing screws 65 are shear breakable, so that they do not interfere with the rotation of the second connecting element 62 relative to the first connecting element 50, once the snap hooking performed.
  • the first connecting element 50 is able to rotate in the orifice 52, providing a first degree of freedom of rotation
  • the second connecting element 62 is able to rotate about the axis of the shaft 60, thus providing a second degree of freedom to the line 18.
  • Each line 18 can thus be directed without stress, allowing great flexibility for the arrangement of the corresponding floating element 20 with respect to the anchoring device 10.
  • the anchoring device 10 comprises at least one cylindrical reinforcing element 64 arranged in the hollow tube 22, for example welded to an internal surface 22A of this hollow body 22.
  • the cylindrical element 64 has, at its upper and lower ends, crenellations 65, weld lines with the inner surface 22A being formed on the edges of these crenellations 65. It will be noted that these slot welding lines allow a larger welding range, therefore a better fixation, than a simple straight welding line.
  • the reinforcing element 64 has orifices 66 arranged opposite the orifices 52 of the hollow body 22.
  • each first connecting element 50 passes through both an orifice 52 of the body 22 and a orifice 66 of the reinforcing element 64.
  • the cylindrical reinforcing element 64 has bearing surfaces 64A, 64B for the shoulders 54 of the first connecting elements 50.
  • each shoulder 54 cooperates with the edges of the corresponding orifice 52 via the reinforcing element 64. It is these bearing surfaces 64A, 64B which form the complementary recess of the convex surface 55 of the shoulder 54
  • the reinforcing element 64 is beveled downwards so as to promote penetration of the anchoring device into the ground 14.
  • the anchoring device 10 allows a particularly strong anchoring to the bottom 14.
  • this anchoring device 10 is advantageously used when the floating element requires a strong anchoring or when the bottom 14 is of poor quality.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show an array of floating elements 20 on the surface of a body of water, comprising at least one anchoring device 10 of the type comprising fastening means for at least two lines 18, for example an anchoring device 10 according to the first or second embodiment described above.
  • the anchoring devices 10 are represented by solid circles, and the floating elements 20 are represented by empty circles.
  • Each floating element 20 is connected to three anchoring devices 10 by respective lines 18, in order to ensure optimum stability of this floating element 20.
  • the three anchoring devices 10 generally form an equilateral triangle. floating element 20 being disposed vertically of the center of gravity of this triangle.
  • At least two floating elements 20 are connected by a respective line 18 to the same anchoring device 10.
  • the number of anchoring devices necessary to stabilize the network of floating elements 20 is optimized, which allows in particular to arrange a large number of floating elements 20 on a reduced surface of the body of water.
  • the network has at least one structure 68 of floating elements, as shown in FIG. 6, comprising at least six floating elements and seven anchoring devices such that each floating element 20 is connected by three distinct lines to three separate anchors 10.
  • the six floating elements 20 of the structure 68 are distributed around a central anchoring device 10 and are all connected to this central anchoring device 10 by a respective line.
  • peripheral anchoring devices are distributed around the floating elements 20, each peripheral anchoring device being connected to two floating elements of the structure 68 by two respective lines.
  • At least one peripheral anchoring device of a structure 68 also forms a peripheral anchoring device of another structure .
  • the network of FIG. 7 comprises sixty floating elements 20, immobilized by means of forty-two anchoring devices 10.
  • the network of FIG. 7 comprises sixty floating elements 20, immobilized by means of forty-two anchoring devices 10.
  • each floating element should be associated with three anchoring devices, one hundred and eighty anchoring devices would be required to maintain in position sixty floating elements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The anchoring device (10) for elements (20) floating on the surface of an expanse of water, such as a sea, is characterized in that it comprises a lower portion (28), including a means (12) for fastening to the bottom (14) of the expanse of water and suitable for carrying out a strong fastening operation such that the anchoring device (10) can no longer be moved relative to said bottom (14), and an upper portion (30), comprising an attachment means (16) for at least two lines (18), said upper portion being attached to the lower portion (28) using a connecting means (32) that is rotatable around a substantially vertical axis of rotation (X).

Description

Dispositif d'ancrage pour éléments flottants à la surface d'une étendue d'eau  Anchoring device for floating elements on the surface of a body of water
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'ancrage pour élément flottant à la surface d'une étendue d'eau, telle qu'une mer.  The present invention relates to an anchoring device for floating element on the surface of a body of water, such as a sea.
Un dispositif d'ancrage est destiné à maintenir sensiblement en position un élément flottant sur une étendue d'eau par rapport au fond de cette étendue d'eau.  An anchoring device is intended to maintain substantially in position a floating element on a body of water with respect to the bottom of this body of water.
On connaît déjà dans l'état de la technique un dispositif d'ancrage du type comportant des moyens d'accrochage à un fond de l'étendue d'eau et des moyens de fixation d'une ligne destinés à relier ce dispositif d'ancrage à un élément flottant.  Already known in the state of the art an anchoring device of the type comprising means for hooking to a bottom of the body of water and means for fixing a line for connecting the anchoring device to a floating element.
Pour une stabilité optimale, certains éléments flottants, tels que des dispositifs de conversion de l'énergie de la houle de l'étendue d'eau en énergie électrique, sont maintenus en position à l'aide de trois dispositifs d'ancrage. L'ensemble constitué par l'élément flottant et ces trois dispositifs d'ancrage est généralement encombrant, si bien qu'il est difficile d'agencer un grand nombre d'éléments flottants sur une surface réduite de l'étendue d'eau.  For optimum stability, certain floating elements, such as devices for converting wave energy from the body of water to electrical energy, are held in position by three anchors. The assembly constituted by the floating element and these three anchoring devices is generally bulky, so that it is difficult to arrange a large number of floating elements on a reduced surface of the body of water.
L'invention a notamment pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient en fournissant un dispositif d'ancrage permettant de faciliter l'installation d'une multitude d'éléments flottants sur une surface réduite de l'étendue d'eau.  The invention aims in particular to overcome this disadvantage by providing an anchoring device to facilitate the installation of a multitude of floating elements on a reduced surface of the body of water.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif d'ancrage du type précité, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an anchoring device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises:
- une partie inférieure, comprenant des moyens d'accrochage à un fond de l'étendue d'eau, propres à réaliser un fort accrochage tel que le dispositif d'ancrage ne puisse plus être déplacé par rapport à ce fond, et  a lower part, comprising means for hooking to a bottom of the body of water, capable of producing a strong catch such that the anchoring device can no longer be displaced with respect to this bottom, and
- une partie supérieure, comportant des moyens de fixation pour au moins deux lignes, reliée à la partie inférieure à l'aide de moyens de liaison rotatifs autour d'un axe de rotation sensiblement vertical.  an upper part, comprising fastening means for at least two lines, connected to the lower part by means of rotary connection means around a substantially vertical axis of rotation.
Un dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention comporte de préférence une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison.  An anchoring device according to the invention preferably comprises one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
- La partie inférieure comporte une plaque inférieure de support, de forme générale circulaire autour de l'axe de rotation, et la partie supérieure comporte une plaque supérieure rotative, de forme générale circulaire autour de l'axe de rotation, la plaque supérieure rotative étant munie de moyens de retenue contre la plaque inférieure de support. - The lower part comprises a lower support plate, of generally circular shape about the axis of rotation, and the upper part comprises a rotary upper plate, generally circular shape about the axis of rotation, the upper rotary plate being provided with retaining means against the lower support plate.
- Le dispositif d'ancrage comporte des moyens de glissement, par exemple une couche de revêtement anti-friction ou des patins de glissement, appliqués entre les plaques supérieure et inférieure, et de préférence entre les moyens de retenue et la plaque inférieure, afin de favoriser le glissement et la rotation de la plaque supérieure sur la plaque inférieure.  - The anchoring device comprises sliding means, for example an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads, applied between the upper and lower plates, and preferably between the retaining means and the lower plate, in order to promote sliding and rotation of the upper plate on the lower plate.
- L'une des plaques inférieure ou supérieure comporte un arbre de centrage, coopérant avec un orifice cylindrique complémentaire, d'axe confondu avec l'axe de rotation, ménagé dans l'autre des plaques supérieure ou inférieure.  - One of the lower or upper plates comprises a centering shaft, cooperating with a complementary cylindrical orifice, of axis coinciding with the axis of rotation, formed in the other of the upper or lower plates.
- Le dispositif d'ancrage comporte des moyens de verrouillage des moyens de liaison rotatifs, comprenant de préférence des orifices ménagés dans les parties inférieure et supérieure, les orifices étant espacés radialement de l'axe de rotation par une même distance radiale, de sorte que chacun des orifices de la partie supérieure peut être disposé en regard de chacun des orifices de la partie inférieure, par rotation de la partie supérieure par rapport à la partie, les moyens de verrouillage comportant au moins une cheville de verrouillage destinée à être insérée dans deux orifices en regard.  - The anchoring device comprises locking means of the rotary connection means, preferably comprising orifices in the lower and upper parts, the orifices being spaced radially from the axis of rotation by the same radial distance, so that each of the orifices of the upper part may be arranged opposite each of the orifices of the lower part, by rotation of the upper part relative to the part, the locking means comprising at least one locking pin intended to be inserted into two orifices opposite.
- Les moyens de fixation d'au moins une ligne comportent une liaison rotule.  - The fastening means of at least one line comprise a ball joint.
- Le dispositif d'ancrage comporte un corps creux portant les moyens d'accrochage et les moyens de fixation, chaque liaison rotule étant formée par deux liaisons pivots en série, d'axes perpendiculaires, formées par des premier et second éléments de liaison, tels que : le premier élément de liaison passe à travers un orifice complémentaire ménagé dans le corps creux, de façon à former la première liaison pivot, et comprend une première extrémité, agencée à l'intérieur du corps creux, munie d'un épaulement destiné à coopérer avec un bord de l'orifice, et une deuxième extrémité, agencée à l'extérieur du corps creux, comportant un orifice de passage d'un arbre de la deuxième liaison pivot, et le second élément de liaison comporte une première extrémité comprenant un orifice de passage de l'arbre de la deuxième liaison pivot, et une deuxième extrémité portant la ligne.  - The anchoring device comprises a hollow body carrying the attachment means and the fixing means, each ball joint being formed by two pivot links in series, perpendicular axes, formed by first and second connecting elements, such as that: the first connecting element passes through a complementary orifice formed in the hollow body, so as to form the first pivot connection, and comprises a first end, arranged inside the hollow body, provided with a shoulder intended for cooperate with an edge of the orifice, and a second end, arranged outside the hollow body, having a through hole of a shaft of the second pivot connection, and the second connecting element comprises a first end comprising a passage opening of the shaft of the second pivot connection, and a second end carrying the line.
- Le dispositif d'ancrage comporte : - un premier joint d'étanchéité intercalé entre chaque épaulement et le bord de chaque orifice, et/ou - The anchoring device comprises: a first seal interposed between each shoulder and the edge of each orifice, and / or
- un deuxième élément d'étanchéité, entourant le premier élément de liaison à l'extérieur du corps creux, intercalé entre le second élément de liaison et le corps creux.  - A second sealing member surrounding the first connecting element outside the hollow body, interposed between the second connecting element and the hollow body.
- Les moyens d'accrochage au fond de l'étendue d'eau sont des moyens d'accrochage par succion.  - The fastening means at the bottom of the body of water are suction hooking means.
- L'arbre de centrage comporte un passage vers l'intérieur délimité par le corps creux, de sorte que l'accrochage par succion est susceptible d'être réalisé à l'aide d'une pompe à vide montée sur cet arbre de centrage.  - The centering shaft has an inward passage defined by the hollow body, so that the snap by suction is likely to be achieved by means of a vacuum pump mounted on the centering shaft.
- Les moyens d'accrochage au fond de l'étendue d'eau sont des moyens d'accrochage par martelage.  - The hooking means at the bottom of the body of water are means for hooking by hammering.
L'invention concerne également un réseau d'éléments flottants à la surface d'une étendue d'eau, comportant au moins un dispositif d'ancrage tel que défini précédemment et au moins deux éléments flottants, chacun de ces éléments flottants étant relié par une ligne respective au même dispositif d'ancrage.  The invention also relates to an array of floating elements on the surface of a body of water, comprising at least one anchoring device as defined above and at least two floating elements, each of these floating elements being connected by a respective line to the same anchoring device.
De préférence, le réseau d'éléments flottants comporte au moins une structure d'éléments flottants comprenant six éléments flottants, et sept dispositifs d'ancrage, tels que :  Preferably, the network of floating elements comprises at least one floating element structure comprising six floating elements, and seven anchoring devices, such as:
- chaque élément flottant est relié par trois lignes distinctes à trois dispositifs d'ancrage,  each floating element is connected by three distinct lines to three anchoring devices,
- les six éléments flottants sont répartis angulairement autour d'un dispositif d'ancrage central, et sont tous reliés à ce dispositif d'ancrage central par une ligne respective,  the six floating elements are distributed angularly around a central anchoring device, and are all connected to this central anchoring device by a respective line,
- six dispositifs d'ancrage périphériques sont répartis angulairement autour des éléments flottants, chaque dispositif d'ancrage périphérique étant relié à deux éléments flottants par deux lignes respectives.  six peripheral anchoring devices are distributed angularly around the floating elements, each peripheral anchoring device being connected to two floating elements by two respective lines.
De préférence également, le réseau d'éléments flottants comporte une pluralité de structures d'éléments flottants, telles qu'au moins un dispositif d'ancrage périphérique d'une structure forme également un dispositif d'ancrage périphérique d'une autre structure. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux figures annexées, dans lesquelles : Also preferably, the network of floating elements comprises a plurality of structures of floating elements, such that at least one peripheral anchoring device of a structure also forms a peripheral anchoring device of another structure. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended figures, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon un premier exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  - Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of an anchoring device according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du dispositif d'ancrage de la figure 1 ; - Figure 2 is a top view of the anchoring device of Figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon un deuxième exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention ; FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of an anchoring device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 4 est une vue de dessus du dispositif d'ancrage de la figure 3 ; et - la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un premier élément de liaison du dispositif d'ancrage de la figure 3 ;  - Figure 4 is a top view of the anchoring device of Figure 3; and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a first connecting element of the anchoring device of FIG. 3;
- la figure 6 représente schématiquement une structure réseau d'éléments flottants comportant des dispositifs d'ancrage selon l'invention ;  FIG. 6 schematically represents a network structure of floating elements comprising anchoring devices according to the invention;
- la figure 7 représente schématiquement un réseau d'éléments flottants et de dispositifs d'ancrage selon l'invention, comprenant la structure de la figure 6.  FIG. 7 schematically represents an array of floating elements and anchoring devices according to the invention, comprising the structure of FIG. 6.
On a représenté sur la figure 1 un dispositif 10 d'ancrage d'un élément flottant à la surface d'une étendue d'eau, telle qu'une mer. Par exemple, l'élément flottant est une bouée de repérage, un dispositif de mesure, ou un dispositif de conversion de l'énergie de la houle de l'étendue d'eau en énergie électrique.  FIG. 1 shows a device 10 for anchoring a floating element on the surface of a body of water, such as a sea. For example, the floating element is a marker buoy, a device measuring device, or a device for converting the wave energy of the body of water into electrical energy.
Le dispositif d'ancrage 10 comporte des moyens 12 d'accrochage à un fond The anchoring device 10 comprises means 12 for hooking to a bottom
14 de l'étendue d'eau, et des moyens 16 de fixation d'au moins une ligne 18 destinée à relier le dispositif d'ancrage 10 à l'élément flottant. 14 of the water body, and means 16 for fixing at least one line 18 for connecting the anchoring device 10 to the floating element.
Le dispositif d'ancrage 10 comporte des moyens de fixation 16 pour au moins deux, de préférence pour six, lignes 18. Ainsi, le dispositif d'ancrage 10 peut être relié jusqu'à six éléments flottants 20, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5 et sera décrit ultérieurement.  The anchoring device 10 comprises fastening means 16 for at least two, preferably six, lines 18. Thus, the anchoring device 10 can be connected to up to six floating elements 20, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 and will be described later.
Conformément au premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens 12 d'accrochage au fond 14 de l'étendue d'eau sont des moyens d'accrochage par succion.  According to the first embodiment of the invention, the attachment means 12 to the bottom 14 of the body of water are suction hooking means.
On rappelle que des moyens d'accrochage par succion comportent un tube d'acier 22 comprenant une extrémité haute 24 obstruée et une extrémité basse 26 ouverte. Afin d'être accroché au fond 14, le dispositif d'ancrage par succion 10 pénètre dans un premier temps ce fond 14 sous l'effet de son poids. Puis, l'eau restant dans la partie non enfoncée du tube 22 est pompée, générant une dépression permettant au tube 22 d'adhérer fortement à ce fond 14. Recall that suction hooking means comprise a steel tube 22 comprising an upper end 24 obstructed and a low end 26 open. In order to be hooked to the bottom 14, the suction anchoring device 10 firstly penetrates the bottom 14 under the effect of its weight. Then, the water remaining in the unpressed portion of the tube 22 is pumped, generating a depression allowing the tube 22 to adhere strongly to the bottom 14.
En variante, le dispositif d'ancrage 10 pourrait être accroché au fond 14 par enfoncement, par exemple par martelage.  Alternatively, the anchoring device 10 could be hooked to the bottom 14 by depression, for example by hammering.
On notera que les dispositifs d'ancrage 10 sont habituellement installés au fond 14 avant d'être reliés aux éléments flottants correspondants. Du fait du fort accrochage au fond 14, le dispositif d'ancrage 10 ne peut plus être déplacé après avoir été installé. Dans le cas d'un dispositif d'ancrage par succion classique, la direction des moyens de fixation 16 de la ligne d'ancrage 18 est fixe, si bien la direction de cette ligne d'ancrage 18 est imposée, à 10° près en rotation autour d'un axe X sensiblement vertical, ce qui limite les commodités d'agencement de l'éléments flottants 20 par rapport à ce dispositif d'ancrage.  It will be noted that the anchoring devices 10 are usually installed at the bottom 14 before being connected to the corresponding floating elements. Due to the strong attachment to the bottom 14, the anchoring device 10 can not be moved after being installed. In the case of a conventional suction anchoring device, the direction of the fastening means 16 of the anchor line 18 is fixed, so that the direction of this anchor line 18 is imposed, to within 10 ° rotation about a substantially vertical axis X, which limits the arrangement conveniences of the floating elements 20 with respect to this anchoring device.
Afin de remédier à cet inconvénient, les lignes 18 sont de préférence reliées au dispositif d'ancrage 10 à l'aide de liaisons présentant au moins deux degrés de liberté en rotation.  In order to remedy this drawback, the lines 18 are preferably connected to the anchoring device 10 by means of links having at least two degrees of freedom in rotation.
A cet effet, le dispositif d'ancrage 10 comporte une partie inférieure 28, comprenant les moyens d'accrochage 12, et une partie supérieure comportant les moyens de fixation 16 des lignes 18.  For this purpose, the anchoring device 10 comprises a lower part 28, comprising the attachment means 12, and an upper part comprising the fastening means 16 of the lines 18.
Les parties inférieure 28 et supérieure 30 sont reliées entre elles à l'aide de moyens de liaison rotatifs 32 autour d'un axe de rotation X sensiblement vertical. On rappelle que la direction verticale est une direction parallèle à la pesanteur.  The lower 28 and upper 30 parts are connected to each other by means of rotary connection means 32 about a substantially vertical axis of rotation X. Remember that the vertical direction is a direction parallel to gravity.
Afin de réaliser les moyens de liaison rotatifs 32, la partie inférieure 28 comporte une plaque inférieure de support 34 agencée à l'extrémité haute 24 du tube creux 22. La plaque inférieure de support 34 a une forme générale de révolution autour de l'axe de rotation X.  In order to achieve the rotary connection means 32, the lower portion 28 comprises a lower support plate 34 arranged at the upper end 24 of the hollow tube 22. The lower support plate 34 has a general shape of revolution about the axis of rotation X.
Par ailleurs, la partie supérieure 30 comporte une plaque supérieure rotative 36, de forme générale de révolution autour de l'axe de rotation X.  Furthermore, the upper part 30 comprises a rotary upper plate 36, generally of revolution about the axis of rotation X.
La plaque supérieure 36 est munie de moyens de retenue 38 contre la plaque inférieure de support 34. Par exemple, les moyens de retenue 38 comportent des sabots 40 fixés à la plaque supérieure rotative 36 et comportant chacun un épaulement 42, tel que la plaque inférieure de support 34 est intercalée axialement entre la plaque supérieure rotative 36 et les épaulements 42. Les sabots 40 sont généralement rapportés sur la plaque supérieure 36 après le montage de cette plaque supérieure 36 sur la plaque inférieure 34. The upper plate 36 is provided with retaining means 38 against the lower support plate 34. For example, the retaining means 38 comprise shoes 40 fixed to the upper rotary plate 36 and each having a shoulder 42, such as the lower plate 34 is interposed axially between the upper rotary plate 36 and the shoulders 42. hooves 40 are generally attached to the upper plate 36 after the mounting of this upper plate 36 on the lower plate 34.
En variante, les moyens de retenue 38 pourraient comporter un seul élément de retenue de forme générale de révolution, comportant un épaulement périphérique pour retenir la plaque supérieure rotative 36 contre la plaque inférieure de support 34.  Alternatively, the retaining means 38 could comprise a single retaining element of general shape of revolution, comprising a peripheral shoulder for retaining the rotatable upper plate 36 against the lower support plate 34.
De préférence, un arbre de centrage 43 est prévu pour le guidage de la rotation de la plaque supérieure 30 autour de l'axe X. Par exemple, l'une des plaques inférieure 34 ou supérieure 36 est munie de cet arbre de centrage 43, qui coopère avec un orifice cylindrique complémentaire d'axe X ménagé dans l'autre plaque supérieure 36 ou inférieure 34.  Preferably, a centering shaft 43 is provided for guiding the rotation of the upper plate 30 around the axis X. For example, one of the lower plates 34 or upper 36 is provided with this centering shaft 43, which cooperates with a complementary cylindrical orifice of axis X formed in the other upper plate 36 or lower 34.
Avantageusement, l'arbre de centrage 43 comporte un passage vers l'intérieur délimité par le corps creux 22. Ainsi, l'accrochage par succion est réalisé à l'aide d'une pompe à vide montée sur cet arbre de centrage.  Advantageously, the centering shaft 43 has an inward passage delimited by the hollow body 22. Thus, the suction coupling is achieved by means of a vacuum pump mounted on the centering shaft.
Afin d'assurer une étanchéité nécessaire pour un accrochage par succion optimal, des moyens d'étanchéité 43A de type connu et représentés schématiquement sur la figure 3 sont prévus sur l'arbre de centrage 43 afin de maintenir le vide dans le corps creux 22.  In order to ensure a necessary seal for an optimal suction coupling, sealing means 43A of known type and shown schematically in FIG. 3 are provided on the centering shaft 43 in order to maintain the vacuum in the hollow body 22.
De manière optionnelle, des moyens de glissement 37, comprenant par exemple une couche de revêtement anti-friction ou des patins de glissement, sont appliqués entre les plaques supérieure 36 et inférieure 34 afin de favoriser le glissement et la rotation de cette plaque supérieure 36 sur cette plaque inférieure 34. Avantageusement, les épaulements 42 des sabots 40 sont également munis de moyens de glissement, tels qu'une couche de revêtement anti-friction ou des patins de glissement.  Optionally, sliding means 37, comprising for example an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads, are applied between the upper and lower plates 34 to promote the sliding and rotation of this upper plate 36 on top. This lower plate 34. Advantageously, the shoulders 42 of the shoes 40 are also provided with sliding means, such as an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads.
Grâce aux moyens de liaison rotatifs 32, les moyens de fixation 16 des lignes 1 8 sont libres en rotation autour de l'axe X et n'imposent pas de direction aux lignes 1 8, donc pas de contraintes pour l'agencement de l'élément flottant 20 par rapport au dispositif d'ancrage 1 0.  Thanks to the rotary connection means 32, the fixing means 16 of the lines 1 8 are free to rotate about the axis X and do not impose a direction to the lines 1 8, so no constraints for the arrangement of the floating element 20 with respect to the anchoring device 1 0.
De préférence, le dispositif d'ancrage 1 0 comporte des moyens 44 de verrouillage des moyens de liaison rotatifs 32, permettant de verrouiller la plaque supérieure 36 en position par rapport à la plaque inférieur 34 lorsque l'élément flottant 20 est correctement agencé par rapport au dispositif d'ancrage 1 0. Par exemple, les moyens de verrouillage 44 comportent des orifices 45, 46, ménagés respectivement dans les plaques supérieure 36 et inférieure 34, espacés radialement de l'axe de rotation X par une même distance radiale. Dans l'exemple représenté, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 2, la plaque supérieure comporte six orifices 45 et la plaque inférieure comporte dix-huit orifices 46, chaque orifice supérieur 45 pouvant ainsi être disposé en regard d'un orifice inférieur 46 au choix, par rotation de la partie supérieure 30 par rapport à la partie inférieure 28 du dispositif d'ancrage 10. Preferably, the anchoring device 1 0 comprises means 44 for locking the rotary connection means 32, making it possible to lock the upper plate 36 in position relative to the lower plate 34 when the floating element 20 is correctly arranged relative to to the anchoring device 1 0. For example, the locking means 44 comprise orifices 45, 46, formed respectively in the upper plates 36 and lower 34, spaced radially from the axis of rotation X by the same radial distance. In the example shown, as shown in Figure 2, the upper plate has six orifices 45 and the lower plate has eighteen orifices 46, each upper orifice 45 can thus be arranged opposite a lower orifice 46 to choice, by rotation of the upper part 30 with respect to the lower part 28 of the anchoring device 10.
Les moyens de verrouillage 44 comportent au moins une cheville de verrouillage 48, de préférence autant de chevilles 48 que d'orifices supérieurs 45, destinée à être insérée dans des orifices supérieur 45 et inférieur 46 en regard, de façon à verrouiller la rotation de la plaque supérieure 36 par rapport à la plaque inférieure 34. Ainsi, la plaque supérieure 36 peut être verrouillée en diverses positions angulaires.  The locking means 44 comprise at least one locking pin 48, preferably as many pins 48 as upper holes 45, intended to be inserted into the upper orifices 45 and lower 46 opposite, so as to lock the rotation of the upper plate 36 relative to the lower plate 34. Thus, the upper plate 36 can be locked in various angular positions.
On notera qu'un dispositif d'ancrage 10 conforme au premier mode de réalisation de l'invention est particulièrement simple à mettre en œuvre  Note that an anchoring device 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention is particularly simple to implement
On a représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 un dispositif d'ancrage 10 selon un deuxième exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention. Sur ces figures, les éléments analogues à ceux des figures précédentes sont désignés par des références identiques.  FIGS. 3 and 4 show an anchoring device 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. In these figures, elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.
Conformément à ce deuxième mode de réalisation, les moyens de fixation 16 d'une ligne 18 comportent une liaison rotule. Chaque liaison rotule est formée par deux liaisons pivot 16A, 16B en série, d'axes perpendiculaires.  According to this second embodiment, the attachment means 16 of a line 18 comprise a ball joint. Each ball joint is formed by two pivot links 16A, 16B in series, with perpendicular axes.
La première liaison pivot 16A est formée par un premier élément de liaison 50, représenté plus en détail sur la figure 5, passant à travers un orifice complémentaire 52 ménagé dans le corps creux 22. Le premier élément de liaison 50 comporte une première extrémité 50A, agencée à l'intérieur du corps creux 22, munie d'un épaulement 54 destiné à coopérer avec un bord de l'orifice 52.  The first pivot link 16A is formed by a first connecting element 50, shown in more detail in FIG. 5, passing through a complementary orifice 52 formed in the hollow body 22. The first connecting element 50 has a first end 50A, arranged inside the hollow body 22, provided with a shoulder 54 intended to cooperate with an edge of the orifice 52.
L'épaulement 54 présente de préférence une portée bombée 55, par exemple en portion de cylindre, destiné à coopérer avec un renfoncement complémentaire porté par le corps creux 22. Ces formes en portion de cylindre complémentaires permettent, au moins en partie, d'assurer une étanchéité du corps creux 22 lorsqu'elles sont emboîtées. Chaque orifice 52 est suffisamment large pour autoriser une rotation du premier élément de liaison 50 dans cet orifice 52. De préférence, chaque orifice 52 est dimensionné pour autoriser une rotation maximale de 1 5 ° du premier élément de liaison 50. The shoulder 54 preferably has a convex surface 55, for example in a portion of a cylinder, intended to cooperate with a complementary recess carried by the hollow body 22. These complementary cylindrical portion shapes allow, at least in part, to ensure a sealing of the hollow body 22 when they are engaged. Each orifice 52 is sufficiently wide to allow rotation of the first connecting element 50 in this orifice 52. Preferably, each orifice 52 is dimensioned to allow a maximum rotation of 15 ° of the first connecting element 50.
Afin de pouvoir réaliser de manière efficace un accrochage par succion, il est nécessaire d'assurer l'étanchéité du corps creux 22 malgré la présence d'orifices 52 dans les parois de ce corps creux 22. A cet effet, un premier joint d'étanchéité 56 est intercalé entre chaque épaulement 54 et le bord de chaque orifice 52.  In order to be able to effectively effect a hooking by suction, it is necessary to seal the hollow body 22 despite the presence of orifices 52 in the walls of the hollow body 22. For this purpose, a first seal of sealing 56 is interposed between each shoulder 54 and the edge of each orifice 52.
Avantageusement, on prévoit également des moyens 57 de serrage de chaque épaulement 54 contre le bord de l'orifice 52 en pinçant le premier joint d'étanchéité 56, permettant d'optimiser l'étanchéité du corps creux 22. Ces moyens de serrage 57 comportent par exemple des orifices, ménagés dans les épaulements 54 et le corps creux 22, pour le passage de vis de serrage (non représentée).  Advantageously, provision is also made for means 57 for clamping each shoulder 54 against the edge of the orifice 52 by pinching the first seal 56, making it possible to optimize the sealing of the hollow body 22. These clamping means 57 comprise for example, holes in the shoulders 54 and the hollow body 22, for the passage of clamping screw (not shown).
Ces vis de serrage permettant d'optimiser l'étanchéité au cours de l'accrochage par succion, on prévoit que ces vis de serrage soient sécables par cisaillement, afin d'être sectionnées une fois l'accrochage par succion effectué, pour autoriser la rotation du premier élément de liaison 50.  These clamping screws making it possible to optimize the sealing during suction hooking, it is envisaged that these clamping screws are breakable by shearing, in order to be cut once the suction hooking is done, to allow rotation. of the first connecting element 50.
Le premier élément de liaison 50 comporte également une deuxième extrémité 50B, agencée à l'extérieur du corps creux 22, et comportant un orifice 58 de passage d'un arbre 60 de la deuxième liaison pivot 1 6B.  The first connecting element 50 also has a second end 50B, arranged outside the hollow body 22, and having a hole 58 for passage of a shaft 60 of the second pivot link 1 6B.
La liaison rotule 16 comporte également un second élément liaison 62, comprenant une première extrémité 62A comportant un orifice de passage de l'arbre 60 et une deuxième extrémité 60B portant la ligne 1 8, à l'aide de moyens classiques.  The ball joint 16 also comprises a second connecting element 62, comprising a first end 62A having a through hole of the shaft 60 and a second end 60B carrying the line 1 8, using conventional means.
De manière optionnelle, on peut prévoir un deuxième élément d'étanchéité 63, entourant le premier élément de liaison 50 à l'extérieur du corps creux 22. Ce deuxième élément d'étanchéité 63 est par exemple réalisé en élastomère lamifié comprimé entre le second élément de liaison 62 et le corps creux 22.  Optionally, it is possible to provide a second sealing element 63, surrounding the first connecting element 50 outside the hollow body 22. This second sealing element 63 is for example made of laminated elastomer compressed between the second element link 62 and the hollow body 22.
Ce deuxième élément d'étanchéité 63 est plaqué contre le corps creux 22 par le second élément de liaison 62, lorsque celui-ci est en position de montage telle que représentée sur la figure 3, dans laquelle l'accrochage par succion est réalisé. Avantageusement, le second élément de liaison 62 présente une forme de came optimisant l'effort qu'il applique sur le deuxième élément d'étanchéité lorsqu'il est en position de montage. This second sealing element 63 is pressed against the hollow body 22 by the second connecting element 62, when the latter is in the mounting position as shown in FIG. 3, in which the suction hooking is realized. Advantageously, the second connecting element 62 has a cam shape optimizing the force it applies to the second sealing element when it is in the mounting position.
Afin de maintenir le second élément de liaison 62 dans sa position de montage, la liaison rotule 16 comporte de préférence des vis 65 d'immobilisation du second élément de liaison 62 par rapport au premier élément de liaison 50. Ces vis d'immobilisation 65 sont sécables par cisaillement, de sorte qu'elles n'entravent pas la rotation du second élément de liaison 62 par rapport au premier élément de liaison 50, une fois l'accrochage par succion effectué.  In order to maintain the second connecting element 62 in its mounting position, the ball joint 16 preferably comprises screws 65 for immobilizing the second connecting element 62 with respect to the first connecting element 50. These immobilizing screws 65 are shear breakable, so that they do not interfere with the rotation of the second connecting element 62 relative to the first connecting element 50, once the snap hooking performed.
Le premier élément de liaison 50 est susceptible d'entrer en rotation dans l'orifice 52, offrant un premier degré de liberté en rotation, et le second élément de liaison 62 est susceptible d'entrer en rotation autour de l'axe de l'arbre 60, offrant ainsi un deuxième degré de liberté à la ligne 18. Chaque ligne 18 peut ainsi être dirigée sans contrainte, permettant une grande flexibilité pour l'agencement de l'élément flottant 20 correspondant par rapport au dispositif d'ancrage 10.  The first connecting element 50 is able to rotate in the orifice 52, providing a first degree of freedom of rotation, and the second connecting element 62 is able to rotate about the axis of the shaft 60, thus providing a second degree of freedom to the line 18. Each line 18 can thus be directed without stress, allowing great flexibility for the arrangement of the corresponding floating element 20 with respect to the anchoring device 10.
On notera que, au cours de cette orientation des lignes 18, les vis de serrage sécables sont sectionnées lorsque le premier élément de liaison 50 entre en rotation dans l'orifice 52, et les vis d'immobilisation 65 sécables sont sectionnées lorsque le second élément de liaison 62 entre en rotation autour de l'axe de l'arbre 60.  Note that, during this orientation of the lines 18, the breakable clamping screws are severed when the first connecting element 50 rotates in the orifice 52, and the securing screws 65 breakable are severed when the second element link 62 rotates about the axis of the shaft 60.
De préférence, le dispositif d'ancrage 10 comporte au moins un élément cylindrique de renfort 64 agencé dans le tube creux 22, par exemple soudé à une surface interne 22A de ce corps creux 22.  Preferably, the anchoring device 10 comprises at least one cylindrical reinforcing element 64 arranged in the hollow tube 22, for example welded to an internal surface 22A of this hollow body 22.
A cet effet, l'élément cylindrique 64 comporte, à ses extrémités haute et basse, des créneaux 65, des lignes de soudage avec la surface interne 22A étant réalisées sur les bords de ces créneaux 65. On notera que ces lignes de soudage en créneaux permettent une plus grande étendue de soudage, donc une meilleure fixation, qu'une simple ligne de soudage droite.  For this purpose, the cylindrical element 64 has, at its upper and lower ends, crenellations 65, weld lines with the inner surface 22A being formed on the edges of these crenellations 65. It will be noted that these slot welding lines allow a larger welding range, therefore a better fixation, than a simple straight welding line.
Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 4, l'élément de renfort 64 comporte des orifices 66 ménagés en regard des orifices 52 du corps creux 22. Ainsi, chaque premier élément de liaison 50 traverse à la fois un orifice 52 du corps 22 et un orifice 66 de l'élément de renfort 64. Par ailleurs, l'élément cylindrique de renfort 64 présente des surfaces d'appui 64A, 64B pour les épaulements 54 des premiers éléments de liaison 50. Ainsi, chaque épaulement 54 coopère avec les bords de l'orifice 52 correspondant par l'intermédiaire de l'élément de renfort 64. Ce sont ces surfaces d'appui 64A, 64B qui forment le renfoncement complémentaire de la portée bombée 55 de l'épaulement 54 As shown in FIG. 4, the reinforcing element 64 has orifices 66 arranged opposite the orifices 52 of the hollow body 22. Thus, each first connecting element 50 passes through both an orifice 52 of the body 22 and a orifice 66 of the reinforcing element 64. Furthermore, the cylindrical reinforcing element 64 has bearing surfaces 64A, 64B for the shoulders 54 of the first connecting elements 50. Thus, each shoulder 54 cooperates with the edges of the corresponding orifice 52 via the reinforcing element 64. It is these bearing surfaces 64A, 64B which form the complementary recess of the convex surface 55 of the shoulder 54
De préférence, l'élément de renfort 64 est biseauté vers le bas de façon à favoriser la pénétration du dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol 14.  Preferably, the reinforcing element 64 is beveled downwards so as to promote penetration of the anchoring device into the ground 14.
On notera que le dispositif d'ancrage 10 conforme au deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention permet un ancrage particulièrement fort au fond 14. Ainsi, ce dispositif d'ancrage 10 est avantageusement utilisé lorsque l'élément flottant nécessite un ancrage fort ou lorsque le fond 14 est de mauvaise qualité.  Note that the anchoring device 10 according to the second embodiment of the invention allows a particularly strong anchoring to the bottom 14. Thus, this anchoring device 10 is advantageously used when the floating element requires a strong anchoring or when the bottom 14 is of poor quality.
On a représenté sur les figures 6 et 7 un réseau d'éléments flottants 20 à la surface d'une étendue d'eau, comprenant au moins un dispositif d'ancrage 10 du type comportant des moyens de fixation pour au moins deux lignes 18, par exemple un dispositif d'ancrage 10 selon le premier ou le deuxième mode de réalisation décrits précédemment. Sur ces figures, les dispositifs d'ancrage 10 sont représentés par des ronds pleins, et les éléments flottants 20 sont représentés par des ronds vides.  FIGS. 6 and 7 show an array of floating elements 20 on the surface of a body of water, comprising at least one anchoring device 10 of the type comprising fastening means for at least two lines 18, for example an anchoring device 10 according to the first or second embodiment described above. In these figures, the anchoring devices 10 are represented by solid circles, and the floating elements 20 are represented by empty circles.
Chaque élément flottant 20 est relié à trois dispositifs d'ancrage 10 par des lignes respectives 18, afin d'assurer une stabilité optimale de cet élément flottant 20. Dans ce cas, les trois dispositifs d'ancrage 10 forment généralement un triangle équilatéral, l'élément flottant 20 étant disposé à la verticale du barycentre de ce triangle.  Each floating element 20 is connected to three anchoring devices 10 by respective lines 18, in order to ensure optimum stability of this floating element 20. In this case, the three anchoring devices 10 generally form an equilateral triangle. floating element 20 being disposed vertically of the center of gravity of this triangle.
Par ailleurs, au moins deux éléments flottants 20 sont reliés par une ligne respective 18 à un même dispositif d'ancrage 10. Ainsi, on optimise le nombre de dispositifs d'ancrage nécessaires pour stabiliser le réseau d'éléments flottants 20, ce qui permet notamment d'agencer un grand nombre d'éléments flottants 20 sur une surface réduite de l'étendue d'eau.  Moreover, at least two floating elements 20 are connected by a respective line 18 to the same anchoring device 10. Thus, the number of anchoring devices necessary to stabilize the network of floating elements 20 is optimized, which allows in particular to arrange a large number of floating elements 20 on a reduced surface of the body of water.
De préférence, le réseau présente au moins une structure 68 d'éléments flottants, telle que représentée sur la figure 6, comprenant au moins six éléments flottants et sept dispositifs d'ancrage tels que chaque élément flottant 20 est relié par trois lignes distinctes à trois dispositifs d'ancrage 10 distincts. Les six éléments flottants 20 de la structure 68 sont répartis autour d'un dispositif d'ancrage central 10 et sont tous reliés à ce dispositif d'ancrage central 10 par une ligne respective. Preferably, the network has at least one structure 68 of floating elements, as shown in FIG. 6, comprising at least six floating elements and seven anchoring devices such that each floating element 20 is connected by three distinct lines to three separate anchors 10. The six floating elements 20 of the structure 68 are distributed around a central anchoring device 10 and are all connected to this central anchoring device 10 by a respective line.
Six dispositifs d'ancrage 10 périphériques sont répartis autour des éléments flottants 20, chaque dispositif d'ancrage périphérique étant relié à deux éléments flottants de la structure 68 par deux lignes respectives.  Six peripheral anchoring devices are distributed around the floating elements 20, each peripheral anchoring device being connected to two floating elements of the structure 68 by two respective lines.
Une telle structure, particulièrement compacte, peut être répétée à volonté, comme représenté sur la figure 7. Dans ce cas, au moins un dispositif d'ancrage périphérique d'une structure 68 forme également un dispositif d'ancrage périphérique d'une autre structure.  Such a structure, particularly compact, can be repeated at will, as shown in Figure 7. In this case, at least one peripheral anchoring device of a structure 68 also forms a peripheral anchoring device of another structure .
L'invention permet d'optimiser le nombre de dispositifs d'ancrage nécessaires pour maintenir en position des éléments flottants. A titre d'exemple, le réseau de la figure 7 comporte soixante éléments flottants 20, immobilisés au moyen de quarante-deux dispositifs d'ancrage 10. Dans le cas de dispositifs d'amarrage classiques, puisque chaque élément flottant devrait être associé à trois dispositifs d'ancrage, cent quatre vingt dispositifs d'ancrage seraient nécessaires pour maintenir en position soixante éléments flottants.  The invention makes it possible to optimize the number of anchoring devices necessary to maintain floating elements in position. By way of example, the network of FIG. 7 comprises sixty floating elements 20, immobilized by means of forty-two anchoring devices 10. In the case of conventional docking devices, since each floating element should be associated with three anchoring devices, one hundred and eighty anchoring devices would be required to maintain in position sixty floating elements.
On notera que l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation précédemment décrit. En particulier, on pourrait imaginer d'autres dispositifs d'ancrage, ou d'autres structures de réseau d'éléments flottants, sans sortir du cadre des revendications.  It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment previously described. In particular, one could imagine other anchoring devices, or other structures of floating element network, without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif d'ancrage (10) pour élément (20) flottant à la surface d'une étendue d'eau, telle qu'une mer, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : 1. An anchoring device (10) for an element (20) floating on the surface of a body of water, such as a sea, characterized in that it comprises:
- une partie inférieure (28), comprenant des moyens (12) d'accrochage à un fond (14) de l'étendue d'eau, propres à réaliser un fort accrochage tel que le dispositif d'ancrage (10) ne puisse plus être déplacé par rapport à ce fond (14), et - A lower part (28), comprising means (12) for hooking to a bottom (14) of the body of water, adapted to achieve a strong attachment such that the anchoring device (10) can no longer be moved relative to this bottom (14), and
- une partie supérieure (30), comportant des moyens de fixation (16) pour au moins deux lignes (18), reliée à la partie inférieure (28) à l'aide de moyens de liaison (32) rotatifs autour d'un axe de rotation (X) sensiblement vertical. - an upper part (30), comprising fastening means (16) for at least two lines (18), connected to the lower part (28) by means of connecting means (32) rotatable about an axis substantially vertical rotation (X).
2. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la partie inférieure (28) comporte une plaque inférieure de support (34), de forme générale circulaire autour de l'axe de rotation (X), et la partie supérieure (30) comporte une plaque supérieure rotative (36), de forme générale circulaire autour de l'axe de rotation (X), la plaque supérieure rotative (36) étant munie de moyens (38) de retenue contre la plaque inférieure de support (34).  2. Anchoring device (10) according to claim 12, wherein the lower portion (28) comprises a lower support plate (34), of generally circular shape about the axis of rotation (X), and the part upper (30) comprises a rotatable upper plate (36), generally circular in shape about the axis of rotation (X), the upper rotary plate (36) being provided with means (38) for retaining against the lower support plate (34).
3. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comportant des moyens de glissement (37), par exemple une couche de revêtement anti-friction ou des patins de glissement, appliqués entre les plaques supérieure (36) et inférieure (34), et de préférence entre les moyens de retenue (38) et la plaque inférieure (34), afin de favoriser le glissement et la rotation de la plaque supérieure (36) sur la plaque inférieure (34).  Anchoring device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising sliding means (37), for example an anti-friction coating layer or sliding pads, applied between the upper (36) and lower plates. (34), and preferably between the retaining means (38) and the lower plate (34), to promote sliding and rotation of the upper plate (36) on the lower plate (34).
4. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel l'une des plaques inférieure (34) ou supérieure (36) comporte un arbre de centrage The anchoring device (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein one of the lower (34) or upper (36) plates has a centering shaft.
(43), coopérant avec un orifice cylindrique complémentaire, d'axe confondu avec l'axe de rotation (X), ménagé dans l'autre des plaques supérieure (36) ou inférieure (34). (43), cooperating with a complementary cylindrical orifice, of axis coinciding with the axis of rotation (X) formed in the other of the upper plates (36) or lower (34).
5. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comportant des moyens (44) de verrouillage des moyens de liaison rotatifs (32), comprenant de préférence des orifices (45, 46) ménagés dans les parties inférieure (28) et supérieure (30), les orifices (45, 46) étant espacés radialement de l'axe de rotation (X) par une même distance radiale, de sorte que chacun des orifices (45) de la partie supérieure (30) peut être disposé en regard de chacun des orifices (46) de la partie inférieure (28), par rotation de la partie supérieure (30) par rapport à la partie inférieure (28), les moyens de verrouillage comportant au moins une cheville de verrouillage (48) destinée à être insérée dans deux orifices (45, 46) en regard. Anchoring device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising means (44) for locking the rotary connection means (32), preferably comprising orifices (45, 46) formed in the lower (28) and upper (30) portions, the orifices (45, 46) being spaced radially from the axis of rotation (X) by the same radial distance, so that each of the orifices (45) of the upper part (30) can be arranged opposite each of the orifices (46) of the lower part (28), by rotation of the upper part (30) with respect to the lower part (28), the locking means comprising at least one locking pin (48) intended to be inserted into two opposite orifices (45, 46).
6. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel les moyens (16) de fixation d'au moins une ligne (18) comportent une liaison rotule.  6. anchoring device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the means (16) for fixing at least one line (18) comprise a ball joint.
7. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon la revendication 6, comportant un corps creux (22) portant les moyens d'accrochage (12) et les moyens de fixation (16), chaque liaison rotule étant formée par deux liaisons pivots (16A, 16B) en série, d'axes perpendiculaires, formées par des premier (50) et second (62) éléments de liaison, tels que :  7. Anchoring device (10) according to claim 6, comprising a hollow body (22) carrying the hooking means (12) and the fastening means (16), each ball joint being formed by two pivot links (16A , 16B) in series, with perpendicular axes, formed by first (50) and second (62) connecting elements, such that:
- le premier élément de liaison (50) passe à travers un orifice complémentaire (52) ménagé dans le corps creux (22), de façon à former la première liaison pivot (16A), et comprend une première extrémité (50A), agencée à l'intérieur du corps creux (22), munie d'un épaulement (54) destiné à coopérer avec un bord de l'orifice (52), et une deuxième extrémité (50B), agencée à l'extérieur du corps creux (22), comportant un orifice de passage d'un arbre (60) de la deuxième liaison pivot (16B),  the first connecting element (50) passes through a complementary orifice (52) formed in the hollow body (22), so as to form the first pivot connection (16A), and comprises a first end (50A), arranged at the interior of the hollow body (22), provided with a shoulder (54) intended to cooperate with an edge of the orifice (52), and a second end (50B), arranged outside the hollow body (22); ) having a through hole of a shaft (60) of the second pivot link (16B),
- le second élément de liaison (62) comporte une première extrémité (62A) comprenant un orifice de passage de l'arbre (60) de la deuxième liaison pivot (16B), et une deuxième extrémité (62B) portant la ligne (18).  the second connecting element (62) comprises a first end (62A) comprising a through hole of the shaft (60) of the second pivot connection (16B), and a second end (62B) carrying the line (18). .
8. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon la revendication 7, comportant :  Anchoring device (10) according to claim 7, comprising:
- un premier joint d'étanchéité (56) intercalé entre chaque épaulement (54) et le bord de chaque orifice (52), et/ou  a first seal (56) interposed between each shoulder (54) and the edge of each orifice (52), and / or
- un deuxième élément d'étanchéité (63), entourant le premier élément de liaison (50) à l'extérieur du corps creux (22), intercalé entre le second élément de liaison (62) et le corps creux (22).  - A second sealing element (63) surrounding the first connecting element (50) outside the hollow body (22), interposed between the second connecting element (62) and the hollow body (22).
9. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens d'accrochage (1 2) au fond de l'étendue d'eau sont des moyens d'accrochage par succion.  9. anchoring device (10) according to any preceding claim, wherein the attachment means (1 2) at the bottom of the body of water are suction hooking means.
10. Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon les revendications 4 et 9 prises en combinaison, dans lequel l'arbre de centrage (43) comporte un passage vers l'intérieur délimité par le corps creux (22), de sorte que l'accrochage par succion est susceptible d'être réalisé à l'aide d'une pompe à vide montée sur cet arbre de centrage (43). Anchoring device (10) according to claims 4 and 9 taken in combination, wherein the centering shaft (43) has a passage to the interior delimited by the hollow body (22), so that the snap by suction is likely to be achieved by means of a vacuum pump mounted on the centering shaft (43).
1 1 . Dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel les moyens d'accrochage (12) au fond de l'étendue d'eau sont des moyens d'accrochage par martelage.  1 1. Anchoring device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the attachment means (12) at the bottom of the body of water are hammering attachment means.
12. Réseau d'éléments flottants (20) à la surface d'une étendue d'eau, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un dispositif d'ancrage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1 , et au moins deux éléments flottants (20) reliés chacun par une ligne (18) respective à un même dispositif d'ancrage (10).  12. Network of floating elements (20) on the surface of a body of water, characterized in that it comprises at least one anchoring device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, and at least two floating elements (20) each connected by a line (18) to one and the same anchoring device (10).
13. Réseau d'éléments flottants selon la revendication 12, comportant au moins une structure (68) d'éléments flottants (20) comprenant six éléments flottants (20), et sept dispositifs d'ancrage (10), tels que :  Floating element network according to claim 12, comprising at least one structure (68) of floating elements (20) comprising six floating elements (20), and seven anchoring devices (10), such as:
- chaque élément flottant (20) est relié par trois lignes distinctes (18) à trois dispositifs d'ancrage (10),  each floating element (20) is connected by three distinct lines (18) to three anchoring devices (10),
- les six éléments flottants (20) sont répartis angulairement autour d'un dispositif d'ancrage central (10), et sont tous reliés à ce dispositif d'ancrage central (10) par une ligne respective (18),  the six floating elements (20) are distributed angularly around a central anchoring device (10), and are all connected to this central anchoring device (10) by a respective line (18),
- six dispositifs d'ancrage périphériques (10) sont répartis angulairement autour des éléments flottants (20), chaque dispositif d'ancrage périphérique (10) étant relié à deux éléments flottants (20) par deux lignes (18) respectives.  - Six peripheral anchor devices (10) are angularly distributed around the floating elements (20), each peripheral anchoring device (10) being connected to two floating elements (20) by two lines (18) respectively.
14. Réseau d'éléments flottants selon la revendication 12 ou 13, comportant une pluralité de structures (68) d'éléments flottants (20), telles qu'au moins un dispositif d'ancrage périphérique (10) d'une structure (68) forme également un dispositif d'ancrage périphérique (10) d'une autre structure (68).  Floating element array according to claim 12 or 13, comprising a plurality of structures (68) of floating elements (20), such as at least one peripheral anchoring device (10) of a structure (68). ) also forms a peripheral anchoring device (10) of another structure (68).
EP10774246.2A 2009-10-08 2010-09-28 Anchoring system for bodies floating on a water surface Active EP2485938B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0957010A FR2951133B1 (en) 2009-10-08 2009-10-08 ANCHORING DEVICE FOR FLOATING ELEMENTS ON THE SURFACE OF AN EXTENT OF WATER, SUCH AS A SEA
PCT/FR2010/052029 WO2011042639A1 (en) 2009-10-08 2010-09-28 Anchoring device for elements floating on the surface of an expanse of water

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EP2485938A1 true EP2485938A1 (en) 2012-08-15
EP2485938B1 EP2485938B1 (en) 2017-11-15

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EP10774246.2A Active EP2485938B1 (en) 2009-10-08 2010-09-28 Anchoring system for bodies floating on a water surface

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EP (1) EP2485938B1 (en)
AP (1) AP2012006255A0 (en)
AU (1) AU2010304964B2 (en)
ES (1) ES2663074T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2951133B1 (en)
NO (1) NO2485938T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2485938T (en)
WO (1) WO2011042639A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1773029A (en) * 1928-12-07 1930-08-12 Alan Cobham Aviat Ltd Floating station for aircraft
US2771617A (en) * 1952-11-28 1956-11-27 Howard T Jeandron Means for mooring and refueling boats, seaplanes, and the like
US2894268A (en) * 1956-12-27 1959-07-14 Erwin S Griebe Float-supported sea terminal
US3077615A (en) * 1961-10-05 1963-02-19 Arnold J Schultz Floating off-shore terminal
GB1046676A (en) * 1964-09-07 1966-10-26 Bp Tanker Company Ltd Mooring arrangement for ships
DE2461686A1 (en) * 1974-12-27 1976-07-01 Maritim Tech Systeme Stefan Kn Self securing deep sea anchor - with cylindrical body and cutting edges to bore into seabed
DE3043755C2 (en) * 1980-11-20 1987-04-23 Blohm + Voss Ag, 2000 Hamburg Permanent anchoring of floating structures

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011042639A1 *

Also Published As

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EP2485938B1 (en) 2017-11-15
AU2010304964B2 (en) 2016-06-09
PT2485938T (en) 2018-02-22
ES2663074T3 (en) 2018-04-11
WO2011042639A1 (en) 2011-04-14
AU2010304964A1 (en) 2012-05-31
NO2485938T3 (en) 2018-04-14
FR2951133B1 (en) 2013-08-09
FR2951133A1 (en) 2011-04-15
AP2012006255A0 (en) 2012-06-30

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