EP2477606A1 - Rapidly soluble solid pharmaceutical preparations containing amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethers in combination with hydrophilic polymers - Google Patents
Rapidly soluble solid pharmaceutical preparations containing amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethers in combination with hydrophilic polymersInfo
- Publication number
- EP2477606A1 EP2477606A1 EP10754933A EP10754933A EP2477606A1 EP 2477606 A1 EP2477606 A1 EP 2477606A1 EP 10754933 A EP10754933 A EP 10754933A EP 10754933 A EP10754933 A EP 10754933A EP 2477606 A1 EP2477606 A1 EP 2477606A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dosage forms
- polymers
- copolymers
- forms according
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 title claims description 18
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- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamazepine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)N)C2=CC=CC=C21 FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VNFPBHJOKIVQEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N clotrimazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(N1C=NC=C1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VNFPBHJOKIVQEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical class [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound C1CO1.OCC(O)CO QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125723 sedative agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/216—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4174—Arylalkylimidazoles, e.g. oxymetazolin, naphazoline, miconazole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to solid pharmaceutical compositions containing poorly water-soluble active ingredients and amphiphilic copolymers obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate and N-vinyl lactams in the presence of a polyether, in combination with hydrophilic polymers capable of improving the stability of the formulation and / or to influence the release of the biologically active substance. Furthermore, the invention relates to processes for the preparation of these preparations and their use.
- the corresponding copolymers based on polyethers act as solubilizers for the active substances which are sparingly soluble in water.
- Solubilization is understood to mean the solubilization of substances which are soluble or insoluble in a particular solvent, in particular water, by surface-active compounds, the solubilizers. Such solubilizers are capable of converting poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble substances into clear, at most opalescent aqueous solutions, without the chemical structure of these substances undergoing any change.
- solubilizates prepared are characterized in that the sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble substance is colloidally dissolved in the molecular associates of the surface-active compounds which form in aqueous solution, for example hydrophobic domains or micelles.
- the resulting solutions are stable or metastable single-phase systems that appear optically clear to opalescent.
- the bioavailability and thus the effect of drugs can be increased by the use of solubilizers.
- solid solution refers to a state in which a substance is dispersed colloidally or, ideally, molecularly dispersed in a solid matrix such as a polymer matrix .
- solid solutions for example, when used in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms of a poorly soluble drug to an improved release of the drug.
- An important requirement of such solid solutions is that they are stable even when stored for a long time, ie, that the active ingredient does not crystallize out.
- the capacity of the solid solution in other words the ability to form stable solid solutions with the highest possible active ingredient contents, is of importance.
- WO 2007/051743 discloses the use of amphiphilic water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymers of N-vinyllactam, vinyl acetate and polyethers as solubilizers for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food-processing, agrotechnical or other technical applications. It is generally described that the corresponding graft polymers in the
- Vinyllactam, vinyl acetate and polyethers can be melted in the extruder and mixed with powdered or liquid ingredients, wherein the extrusion is described at temperatures well below the melting point of the active ingredient.
- mixing the molten graft polymer with powdered or liquid drugs does not always provide a satisfactorily high and stable drug loading.
- the achievement of a stable X-ray amorphous state of the active ingredient does not always succeed satisfactorily. It was an object of the present invention to find improved preparations of substances which are sparingly soluble in water and, with good bioavailability, permit a targeted adjustment of the release and, moreover, have improved properties with respect to stability to higher atmospheric moisture.
- amphiphilic copolymers can be obtained by free-radically initiated polymerization of a mixture of i) 30 to 80% by weight of N-vinyllactam,
- preferred copolymers are obtained from: i) 30 to 70% by weight of N-vinyllactam
- Copolymers particularly preferably used are obtainable from: i) 40 to 60% by weight of N-vinyllactam
- Very particularly preferably used copolymers are obtainable from i) 50 to 60 wt .-% N-vinyl lactam
- Suitable N-vinyllactam are N-vinylcaprolactam or N-vinylpyrrolidone or mixtures thereof. Preference is given to using N-vinylcaprolactam.
- the graft is polyether.
- Suitable polyethers are preferably polyalkylene glycols.
- the polyalkylene glycols may have molecular weights of from 1000 to 100,000 D [daltons], preferably from 1500 to 35,000 D, more preferably from 1,500 to 10,000 D. The molecular weights are determined on the basis of the measured according to DIN 53240 OH number.
- Particularly preferred polyalkylene glycols are polyethylene glycols.
- polypropylene glycols polytetrahydrofurans or polybutylene glycols obtained from 2-ethyloxirane or 2,3-dimethyloxirane.
- Suitable polyethers are also random or block copolymers of polyalkylene glycols obtained from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxides, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymers.
- the block copolymers may be of the AB or ABA type.
- the preferred polyalkylene glycols also include those which are alkylated at one or both OH end groups.
- Suitable alkyl radicals are branched or unbranched C to C22-alkyl radicals, preferably C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals, for example methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl , Dodecyl, tridecyl or octadecyl radicals.
- the solubilizing copolymers are used in combination with other polymers which are suitable for influencing the release of the biologically active substance.
- the degree of release-influencing usually depends on the concentration of the release-controlling polymer.
- the addition of hydrophilic polymers can influence the rate of disintegration of the resulting extrudates during release. By increasing the hydrophilicity, faster wetting and faster disintegration in the release can be achieved.
- Hydrophilic polymers with low molecular weights are particularly suitable for this purpose ( ⁇ 100,000 daltons). Hydrophilic polymers of higher molecular weight (> 100,000 daltons).
- the hydrophilic polymers are usually water-soluble, at least in a certain pH range. Water-soluble in this context means that dissolve at 20 ° C at least 0.1 g in 1 ml.
- Suitable hydrophilic polymers are, for example: polyvinylpyrrolidones having K values of 12 to 90, N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, for example copolymers with vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, in particular copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a weight ratio of 60:40, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxyalkylated cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyalkylated and carboxyalkylated cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers.
- N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers for example copolymers with vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, in particular copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a weight ratio of 60:40
- polyvinyl alcohols hydroxyalkylated
- polyethylene glycols having average molecular weights of 1000 to 6000.
- graft polymers of polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol units such as are commercially available as Kollicoat® IR, from BASF, or mixtures of such graft polymers with polyvinyl alcohol.
- the term water-insoluble or sparingly soluble according to DAB 9 is used.
- DAB 9 German Pharmacopoeia
- the solubility of substances is classified as follows: slightly soluble (soluble in 30 to 100 parts solvent); poorly soluble (soluble in 100 to 1000 parts of solvent); practically insoluble (soluble in more than 10,000 parts of solvent), in each case based on a part to be dissolved at 20 ° C.
- the preparation of the solid preparations can be carried out by methods known per se.
- all ingredients of the preparations are first brought together in a suitable solvent in solution and the solvent is then removed.
- This can be done via all kinds of drying processes, e.g. via spray drying, fluidized bed drying, drying using supercritical gases, freeze drying, evaporation.
- the solid preparations are prepared by extrusion.
- the polymers can be fed to the extruder both in powder form and in the form of solutions or dispersions.
- the dispersions or solutions of the polymer can be converted into solid form by removing the dispersion or solvent in the extruder in the molten state and cooling the melt.
- the melt thus obtained can then be cooled and granulated.
- a so-called hot break or cooling takes place under air or inert gas, for example, on a Teflon or chain belt and subsequent granulation of the cooled melt strand.
- cooling may also take place in a solvent in which the polymers are not significantly soluble.
- the customary extruder types known to the person skilled in the art are suitable for the process according to the invention. These usually comprise a housing, a drive unit with gearbox and a process unit which consists of the extruder shaft (s) equipped with the screw elements, in which case modular construction is assumed.
- the extruder consists of several sections, each of which can be assigned to specific process units. Each of these sections consists of one or more cylinders (cylinder blocks) as the smallest independent unit - and the associated screw sections with the process elements corresponding screw elements.
- the individual cylinders should be heated. Furthermore, the cylinders can also be designed for cooling, for example for cooling with water.
- the individual cylinder blocks can preferably be heated and cooled independently of each other so that different temperature zones can also be set along the extrusion direction
- the extruder is advantageously designed as a co-rotating twin-screw extruder.
- the screw configuration can vary in severity depending on the product.
- the screw configuration can be used with the usual variable components such as conveying elements, kneading elements, backflow elements and the like depending on the composition of the formulation to the appropriate needs.
- Suitable twin-screw extruders may have a screw diameter of 16 to 70 mm and a length of 25 to 40 D.
- the entire extruder is constructed of cylinder blocks, which are individually tempered.
- the first two cylinders can be tempered for better material intake.
- a constant temperature is preferably set, which is to be selected specifically for the material and in particular depends on the melting point of the active substance used and the glass transition temperature of the polymer.
- the resulting product temperature is usually dependent on the degree of shear of the screw element used and may sometimes be 20-30 ° C higher than the set cylinder temperature.
- a degassing zone can be connected downstream, which is advantageously operated at ambient pressure.
- the round nozzles used can have a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm.
- Other nozzle shapes, such as slot dies can also be used, especially if a larger material throughput is desired.
- the resulting extrudate strands can be processed into granules with a granulator and these in turn can be further comminuted (ground) into a powder.
- the granules or powder can be filled into capsules or pressed into tablets using conventional tableting excipients. In this case, further release-controlling adjuvants can also be used.
- water, organic solvents, buffer substances or plasticizers are suitable for this purpose.
- water or volatile alcohols are suitable for this purpose.
- the amounts of solvent or plasticizer are usually between 0 and 30% of the extrudable mass.
- the water or solvent can already be removed by a degassing point in the extruder at atmospheric pressure or by applying a vacuum. Alternatively, these components evaporate as the extrudate exits the extruder and the pressure reduces to normal pressure. In the case of less volatile components, the extrudate can be post-dried accordingly.
- thermoplastic mass is calendered into a tablet-like compressed product which represents the final administration form.
- other constituents for example polymers for adjusting the glass transition. transition temperature and the melt viscosity, disintegrants, solubilizers, plasticizers, dyes, flavorings, sweeteners, etc. already before or during the extrusion add. In principle, these substances can also be used if the extrudate is first comminuted and then pressed into tablets.
- water-soluble polymers of high glass transition temperature e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone with K values of 17 to 120, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxalkyl can be used. Too high a glass transition temperature of the formulation can be lowered by adding plasticizers.
- plasticizers are suitable, which are also used for pharmaceutical coatings, such. Triethyl citrate, tri- butyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, triacetin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, dibutyl sebacate, glycerol monostearate, lauric acid, cetylstearyl alcohol.
- surfactants which reduce the melt viscosity and thus the extrusion temperature can also be incorporated into the formulations. These substances can also positively influence the possible crystallization and bring about a better wetting of the formulation and a faster dissolution.
- Suitable substances are ionic and nonionic surfactants such as, for example, Solutol® HS 15 (Macrogol 15-hydroxystearate), Tween® 80, polyoxyethylated fatty acid derivatives such as Cremophor® RH40 (polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, USP), Cremophor EL (Polyoxy 35 Castor Oil , USP), poloxamers, docusate sodium or sodium lauryl sulfate.
- the still plastic mixture is preferably extruded through a die, cooled and comminuted.
- all common techniques known for this, such as hot or cold cutting, are suitable in principle.
- the extrudate is cut off, for example with rotating knives or with an air jet and then cooled with air or under inert gas.
- extrudate as a melt strand on a cooled strip (stainless steel, Teflon, chain strip) and granulate after solidification.
- a cooled strip stainless steel, Teflon, chain strip
- the extrudate can optionally be ground.
- the preparations are obtained as free-flowing and flowable water-soluble powders. Particle sizes of 20 to 250 ⁇ m are preferably set.
- the formulations according to the invention have a significantly improved stability, that is to say the active substance remains in a molecularly dispersed or amorphous state in the formulation and does not crystallize out. As a result, the release properties do not change over time.
- the preparations according to the invention have a higher bioavailability of the active ingredient than the preparations without water-soluble polymer.
- the formulations obtained by the process according to the invention can be used in principle in all areas in which only sparingly soluble or insoluble substances in water should either be used in aqueous preparations or should have their effect in an aqueous environment.
- the term "sparingly soluble in water” also encompasses practically insoluble substances and means that a solution of the substance in water requires at least 30 to 100 g of water per g of substance at 20 ° C. In the case of practically insoluble substances, at least 10,000 g Water per g of substance needed.
- Also suitable as the sparingly soluble substances to be solubilized are also dyes such as inorganic or organic pigments.
- Suitable biologically active substances according to the invention are, in principle, all solid active compounds which have a melting point which is below the decomposition point under extrusion conditions of the copolymers.
- the copolymers can generally be extruded at temperatures up to 260 ° C. The lower temperature limit depends on the composition of the mixtures to be extruded and the sparingly soluble substances to be administered in each case.
- the pharmaceutical active ingredients used are water-insoluble or sparingly soluble substances according to the already mentioned definition according to DAB 9.
- the active ingredients can come from any indication.
- Examples include benzodiazepines, antihypertensives, vitamins, cytostatic drugs - especially taxol, anesthetics, neuroleptics, antidepressants, antiviral agents such as anti-HIV agents, antibiotics, antimycotics, anti-dementia, fungicides, chemotherapeutics, urologics, antiplatelet agents, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, Hormones, immunoglobulins, serums, thyroid therapeutics, psychotropic drugs, Parkinson's and other antihyperkinetics, ophthalmics, neuropathy preparations, calcium metabolism regulators, muscle relaxants, anesthetics, lipid-lowering agents, liver therapeutics, coronary agents, cardiacs, immunotherapeutics, regulatory peptides and their inhibitors, hypnotics, sedatives, gynecologics, gout remedies , Fibrinolytics, enzyme preparations and transport proteins, enzyme inhibitors, emetics, circulation-promoting agents, di
- Particularly preferred of the abovementioned pharmaceutical preparations are those which are orally administrable formulations.
- the content of solubilizer according to the invention in the pharmaceutical preparation is, depending on the active ingredient, in the range of 1 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 50 wt .-%.
- the extrudates can be mixed with conventional pharmaceutical excipients.
- fillers e.g. inorganic fillers such as oxides of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium or calcium carbonate, calcium or magnesium phosphates or organic fillers such as lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol may be added.
- Suitable plasticizers are, for example, triacetin, triethyl citrate, glycerol monostearate, low molecular weight polyethylene glycols or poloxamers.
- HLB value hydrophilic lipophilic balance
- ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil Cremophor® RH 40
- ethoxylated castor oil Cremophor eL
- Polysorbate 80 poloxamers or sodium lauryl sulfate.
- stearates of aluminum, calcium, magnesium and tin, as well as magnesium silicate, silicones and the like can be used.
- talc or colloidal silica can be used as flow agents.
- Suitable binders are, for example, microcrystalline cellulose.
- Crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone or cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl starch can be used as disintegrating agents.
- Stabilizers may be ascorbic acid or tocopherol.
- Dyes are e.g. Iron oxides, titanium dioxide, triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes, quinoline dyes, indigotine dyes, carotenoids to dye the dosage forms, opacifying agents such as titanium dioxide or talc to increase the light transmission and to save dyes.
- the preparations according to the invention are also suitable for use in the food industry, for example for the incorporation of nutrients, auxiliaries or additives which are sparingly soluble in water or insoluble in water, for example fat-soluble vitamins or carotenoids. Examples include drinks colored with carotenoids.
- the use of the preparations according to the invention in agrochemicals may include, inter alia, formulations containing pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, especially those preparations of crop protection agents used as spray or pouring broths. With the aid of the method according to the invention so-called solid solutions with sparingly soluble substances can be obtained. Solid solutions according to the invention are systems in which no crystalline components of the sparingly soluble substance are observed.
- Visual examination of the stable solid solutions reveals no amorphous constituents.
- the visual inspection can be done with a light microscope both with and without a polarizing filter at 40x magnification.
- the preparations can also with the aid of XRD (X-ray diffraction) and
- the preparations obtained by the process according to the invention are amorphous, which means that the crystalline proportions of the biologically active substance are less than 5% by weight.
- the amorphous state is checked by DSC or XRD. Such an amorphous state may also be referred to as an amorphous state.
- the process of the invention allows the production of stable preparations with high drug loading and good stability with respect to the amorphous state of the sparingly soluble substance.
- the inventive method allows the production of stable preparations with high drug loading.
- the formulations can be gela gert at high humidity without the active ingredient crystallized.
- the template was heated without the subset of feed 2 under an atmosphere of IS to 77 ° C.
- the portion of feed 2 was added and grafted on for 15 min.
- feed 1 was added in 5 h and feed 2 in 2 h.
- the reaction mixture was postpolymerized for a further 3 hours. After postpolymerization, the solution was adjusted to a solids content of 50% by weight.
- Feed 2 10.44 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75% strength by weight in aliphatic mixture)
- the K value was 16, measured 1 wt .-% strength in ethanol
- the twin-screw extruder used to prepare the formulations described in the Examples below had a screw diameter of 16 mm and a length of 40D.
- the entire extruder was made up of 8 individually heatable cylinder blocks. The first two cylinders were tempered at 20 ° C or at 70 ° C for better material intake. From the third cylinder a constant temperature was set
- the prepared solid solutions were analyzed for crystallinity and amorphicity using XRD (X-ray diffractometry) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) using the following equipment and conditions:
- Measuring instrument Diffractometer D 8 Advance with 9-fold sample changer (Fa.Bruker / AXS) Type of measurement: ⁇ - ⁇ Geometry in reflection
- the drug release was carried out according to USP apparatus (paddle method) 2, 37 ° C, 50 rpm (BTWS 600, Pharmatest).
- the extrudate strands were cut to a length of 3 mm by means of a granulator and filled into hard gelatine capsules.
- the detection of the released active ingredient was carried out by UV spectroscopy (Lamda-2, Perkin Elmer)
- the solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous.
- the release of the active substance in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was 27% after 2 h, after 10 h 82% of the active ingredient originally used was released.
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
- Nozzle diameter 3mm By adding PEG 1500, the extrusion temperature could be lowered to 130 ° C, which had no influence on the solid solution.
- the transparent solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 95% active ingredient was released.
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
- Nozzle diameter 3mm The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and DSC and found to be amorphous. The addition of Kollidon 17PF resulted in a faster dissolution of the granules during release. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 80% active ingredient was released.
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
- Zone temperature 1st cylinder 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
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Abstract
The invention relates to dosage forms containing preparations of active substances having a low-solubility in water in a polymer matrix comprising amphiphilic polyether-copolymers and at least one hydrophilic polymer, the active substance having a low-solubility in water being present in the polymer matrix in an amorphous form.
Description
Schnell lösliche feste pharmazeutische Zubereitungen enthaltend amphiphile Copoly- mere auf Basis von Polyethern in Kombination mit hydrophilen Polymeren Fast-dissolving solid pharmaceutical preparations containing amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethers in combination with hydrophilic polymers
Beschreibung description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft feste pharmazeutische Zubereitungen, enthaltend in Wasser schwerlösliche Wirkstoffe und amphiphile Copolymere, die durch Polymerisation von Vinylacetat und N-Vinyllactamen in Gegenwart eines Polyethers erhalten werden, in Kombination mit hydrophilen Polymeren, die in der Lage sind, die Stabilität der Formulierung und/oder die Freisetzung der biologisch aktiven Substanz zu beeinflussen. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Zubereitungen sowie deren Verwendung. The present invention relates to solid pharmaceutical compositions containing poorly water-soluble active ingredients and amphiphilic copolymers obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate and N-vinyl lactams in the presence of a polyether, in combination with hydrophilic polymers capable of improving the stability of the formulation and / or to influence the release of the biologically active substance. Furthermore, the invention relates to processes for the preparation of these preparations and their use.
Die entsprechenden Copolymere auf Basis von Polyethern fungieren als Solubilisato- ren für die in Wasser schwerlöslichen Wirkstoffe. The corresponding copolymers based on polyethers act as solubilizers for the active substances which are sparingly soluble in water.
Bei der Herstellung homogener Zubereitungen insbesondere von biologisch aktiven Substanzen hat die Solubilisierung von hydrophoben, also in Wasser schwerlöslichen Stoffen, eine sehr große praktische Bedeutung erlangt. In the preparation of homogeneous preparations, in particular of biologically active substances, the solubilization of hydrophobic substances, that is, sparingly soluble in water, has attained very great practical significance.
Unter Solubilisierung ist das Löslichmachen von in einem bestimmtem Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, schwer- oder unlöslichen Substanzen durch grenzflächenaktive Verbindungen, die Solubilisatoren, zu verstehen. Solche Solubilisatoren sind in der Lage, schlecht wasserlösliche oder wasserunlösliche Stoffe in klare, höchstens opales- zierende wässrige Lösungen zu überführen, ohne dass hierbei die chemische Struktur dieser Stoffe eine Veränderung erfährt. Solubilization is understood to mean the solubilization of substances which are soluble or insoluble in a particular solvent, in particular water, by surface-active compounds, the solubilizers. Such solubilizers are capable of converting poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble substances into clear, at most opalescent aqueous solutions, without the chemical structure of these substances undergoing any change.
Die hergestellten Solubilisate sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der schlecht wasserlösliche oder wasserunlösliche Stoff in den Molekülassoziaten der oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen, die sich in wässriger Lösung bilden, wie beispielsweise hydrophobe Domänen oder Mizellen, kolloidal gelöst vorliegt. Die resultierenden Lösungen sind stabile oder metastabile einphasige Systeme, die optisch klar bis opaleszent erscheinen. Im Falle von pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen kann die Bioverfügbarkeit und damit die Wirkung von Arzneistoffen durch die Verwendung von Solubilisatoren gesteigert werden.
Eine weitere wünschenswerte Anforderung an Solubilisatoren ist die Fähigkeit, mit schwerlöslichen Substanzen sogenannte„feste Lösungen" auszubilden. Der Begriff „feste Lösung" bezeichnet einen Zustand, in dem eine Substanz kolloiddispers oder im Idealfall molekulardispers in einer festen Matrix, beispielsweise einer Polymermatrix, verteilt ist. Solche festen Lösungen führen zum Beispiel bei Verwendung in festen pharmazeutischen Darreichungsformen eines schwerlöslichen Wirkstoffs zu einer verbesserten Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs. Eine wichtige Anforderung an solche feste Lösungen ist, dass sie auch bei Lagerung über längere Zeit stabil sind, d.h., dass der Wirkstoff nicht auskristallisiert. Weiterhin ist auch die Kapazität der festen Lösung, mit anderen Worten die Fähigkeit der Ausbildung von stabilen festen Lösungen mit möglichst hohen Wirkstoffgehalten, von Bedeutung. The solubilizates prepared are characterized in that the sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble substance is colloidally dissolved in the molecular associates of the surface-active compounds which form in aqueous solution, for example hydrophobic domains or micelles. The resulting solutions are stable or metastable single-phase systems that appear optically clear to opalescent. In the case of pharmaceutical preparations, the bioavailability and thus the effect of drugs can be increased by the use of solubilizers. Another desirable requirement for solubilizers is the ability to form so-called "solid solutions" with sparingly soluble substances The term "solid solution" refers to a state in which a substance is dispersed colloidally or, ideally, molecularly dispersed in a solid matrix such as a polymer matrix , Such solid solutions, for example, when used in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms of a poorly soluble drug to an improved release of the drug. An important requirement of such solid solutions is that they are stable even when stored for a long time, ie, that the active ingredient does not crystallize out. Furthermore, the capacity of the solid solution, in other words the ability to form stable solid solutions with the highest possible active ingredient contents, is of importance.
Aus der WO 2007/051743 ist die Verwendung von amphiphilen wasserlöslichen oder wasserdispergierbaren Copolymerisaten aus N-Vinyllactam, Vinylacetat und Polye- thern , als Solubilisatoren für pharmazeutische, kosmetische, lebensmitteltechnische, agrotechnische oder sonstige technische Anwendungen bekannt. Darin wird ganz allgemein beschrieben, dass die entsprechenden Pfropfpolymerisate auch in der WO 2007/051743 discloses the use of amphiphilic water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymers of N-vinyllactam, vinyl acetate and polyethers as solubilizers for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food-processing, agrotechnical or other technical applications. It is generally described that the corresponding graft polymers in the
Schmelze mit den Wirkstoffen verarbeitet werden können. Aus der WO 2009/013202 ist bekannt, dass solche Pfropfpolymerisate aus N-Melt can be processed with the active ingredients. From WO 2009/013202 it is known that such graft polymers from N-
Vinyllactam, Vinylacetat und Polyethern im Extruder aufgeschmolzen und mit pulver- förmigen oder flüssigen Wirkstoffen vermischt werden können, wobei die Extrusion bei Temperaturen deutlich unter dem Schmelzpunkt des Wirkstoffs beschrieben ist. . Allerdings lässt sich durch Vermischen des geschmolzenen Pfropfpolymeren mit pul- verförmigen oder flüssigen Wirkstoffen nicht immer eine befriedigend hohe und gleichzeitig stabile Wirkstoffbeladung erzielen. Vor allem die Erreichung eines stabilen rönt- genamorphen Zustande des Wirkstoffs gelingt nicht immer in befriedigendem Maße. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, verbesserte Zubereitungen schwerwasserlöslicher Wirkstoffe zu finden, die bei guter Bioverfügbarkeit eine gezielte Einstellung der Freisetzung ermöglichen und zudem verbesserte Eigenschaften hinsichtlich der Stabilität gegenüber höherer Luftfeuchtigkeit aufweisen. Demgemäß wurden Zubereitungen von in Wasser schwerlöslichen Wirkstoffen in einer Polymermatrix auf Basis von amphiphilen Copolymeren in Kombination mit hydrophilen Polymeren gefunden,
Die amphiphilen Copolymeren können erhalten werden durch radikalisch initiierte Polymerisation einer Mischung aus i) 30 bis 80 Gew.-% N-Vinyllactam, Vinyllactam, vinyl acetate and polyethers can be melted in the extruder and mixed with powdered or liquid ingredients, wherein the extrusion is described at temperatures well below the melting point of the active ingredient. , However, mixing the molten graft polymer with powdered or liquid drugs does not always provide a satisfactorily high and stable drug loading. Above all, the achievement of a stable X-ray amorphous state of the active ingredient does not always succeed satisfactorily. It was an object of the present invention to find improved preparations of substances which are sparingly soluble in water and, with good bioavailability, permit a targeted adjustment of the release and, moreover, have improved properties with respect to stability to higher atmospheric moisture. Accordingly, preparations of sparingly water-soluble active ingredients have been found in a polymer matrix based on amphiphilic copolymers in combination with hydrophilic polymers, The amphiphilic copolymers can be obtained by free-radically initiated polymerization of a mixture of i) 30 to 80% by weight of N-vinyllactam,
ii) 10 bis 50 Gew.-% Vinylacetat und ii) 10 to 50 wt .-% of vinyl acetate and
iii) 10 bis 50 Gew.-% eines Polyethers, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Summe von i), ii) und iii) gleich 100 Gew.-% ist. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden bevorzugte Copolymere erhalten aus: i) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% N-Vinyllactam iii) 10 to 50% by weight of a polyether, with the proviso that the sum of i), ii) and iii) is equal to 100% by weight. According to one embodiment of the invention, preferred copolymers are obtained from: i) 30 to 70% by weight of N-vinyllactam
ii) 15 bis 35 Gew.-% Vinylacetat, und ii) 15 to 35% by weight of vinyl acetate, and
iii) 10 bis 35 Gew.-% eines Polyethers, verwendet. iii) from 10 to 35% by weight of a polyether.
Besonders bevorzugt verwendete Copolymere sind erhältlich aus: i) 40 bis 60 Gew.-% N-Vinyllactam Copolymers particularly preferably used are obtainable from: i) 40 to 60% by weight of N-vinyllactam
ii) 15 bis 35 Gew.-% Vinylacetat ii) 15 to 35% by weight of vinyl acetate
iii) 10 bis 30 Gew.-% eines Polyethers iii) 10 to 30 wt .-% of a polyether
Ganz besonders bevorzugt verwendete Copolymere sind erhältlich aus i) 50 bis 60 Gew.-% N-Vinyllactam Very particularly preferably used copolymers are obtainable from i) 50 to 60 wt .-% N-vinyl lactam
ii) 25 bis 35 Gew.-% Vinylacetat, und ii) 25 to 35% by weight of vinyl acetate, and
iii) 10 bis 20 Gew.-% eines Polyethers, iii) 10 to 20% by weight of a polyether,
Auch für die bevorzugten und besonders bevorzugten Zusammensetzungen gilt die Maßgabe, dass die Summe der Komponeten i), ii), und iii) gleich 100 Gew.-% beträgt. The proviso that the sum of the components i), ii), and iii) is equal to 100% by weight also applies to the preferred and particularly preferred compositions.
Als N-Vinyllactam kommen N-Vinylcaprolactam oder N-Vinylpyrrolidon oder deren Mischungen in Betracht. Bevorzugt wird N-Vinylcaprolactam verwendet. Als Pfropfgrundlage dienen Polyether. Als Polyether kommen vorzugsweise Polyalkylenglykole in Betracht. Die Polyalkylenglykole können Molekulargewichte von 1000 bis 100000 D [Dalton], vorzugsweise 1500 bis 35000 D, besonders bevorzugt 1500 bis 10000 D, aufweisen. Die Molekulargewichte werden ausgehend von der gemäß DIN 53240 gemessenen OH-Zahl bestimmt.
Als besonders bevorzugte Polyalkylenglykole kommen Polyethylenglykole in Betracht. Weiterhin eignen sich auch Polypropylenglykole, Polytetrahydrofurane oder Polybuty- lenglykole, die aus 2-Ethyloxiran oder 2,3-Dimethyloxiran erhalten werden. Geeignete Polyether sind auch statistische oder blockartige Copolymere von aus Ethy- lenoxid, Propylenoxid und Butylenoxiden gewonnenen Polyalkylenglykolen wie beispielsweise Polyethylenglykol-Polypropylenglykol-Blockcopolymere. Die Blockcopoly- mere können vom AB- oder vom ABA-Typ sein. Zu den bevorzugten Polyalkylenglykolen gehören auch solche, die an einer oder an beiden OH-Endgruppen alkyliert sind. Als Alkylreste kommen verzweigte oder unverzweigte C bis C22-Alkylreste in Betracht, bevorzugt Ci-Cis-Alkylreste, beispielsweise Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Butyl-, Isobutyl-, Pentyl-, Hexyl-, Octyl-, Nonyl-, Decyl-, Dodecyl-, Tridecyl- oder Octadecyl-Reste. Suitable N-vinyllactam are N-vinylcaprolactam or N-vinylpyrrolidone or mixtures thereof. Preference is given to using N-vinylcaprolactam. The graft is polyether. Suitable polyethers are preferably polyalkylene glycols. The polyalkylene glycols may have molecular weights of from 1000 to 100,000 D [daltons], preferably from 1500 to 35,000 D, more preferably from 1,500 to 10,000 D. The molecular weights are determined on the basis of the measured according to DIN 53240 OH number. Particularly preferred polyalkylene glycols are polyethylene glycols. Also suitable are polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofurans or polybutylene glycols obtained from 2-ethyloxirane or 2,3-dimethyloxirane. Suitable polyethers are also random or block copolymers of polyalkylene glycols obtained from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxides, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymers. The block copolymers may be of the AB or ABA type. The preferred polyalkylene glycols also include those which are alkylated at one or both OH end groups. Suitable alkyl radicals are branched or unbranched C to C22-alkyl radicals, preferably C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals, for example methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl , Dodecyl, tridecyl or octadecyl radicals.
Allgemeine Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Pfropf-Copolymerisate sind an sich bekannt. Die Herstellung erfolgt durch radikalisch initiierte Polymerisation, bevorzugt in Lösung, in nichtwässrigen, organischen Lösungsmitteln oder in gemischt nichtwässrigen/wässrigen Lösungsmitteln. Geeignete Herstellverfahren sind beispiels- weise in der WO 2007/051743 und der WO 2009/013202 beschrieben, auf deren Offenbarung hinsichtlich des Herstellungsverfahrens ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird. General processes for the preparation of the novel graft copolymers are known per se. The preparation is carried out by free-radically initiated polymerization, preferably in solution, in nonaqueous, organic solvents or in mixed nonaqueous / aqueous solvents. Suitable production processes are described, for example, in WO 2007/051743 and WO 2009/013202, the disclosure of which is expressly referred to with regard to the preparation process.
Zur gezielten Steuerung der Freisetzung werden die solubilisierend wirkenden Copo- lymere in Kombination mit weiteren Polymeren, die geeignet sind die Freisetzung der biologisch aktiven Substanz zu beeinflussen, verwendet. Das Ausmaß der Freisetzungsbeeinflussung hängt hierbei in der Regel von der Konzentration des Freiset- zungssteuernden Polymers ab. Durch den Zusatz an hydrophilen Polymeren lässt sich die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit der resultierenden Extrudate während der Freisetzung beeinflussen. Durch die Erhöhung der Hydrophilie kann eine schnellere Benetzung und ein schnellerer Zerfall in der Freisetzung erzielt werden. Für diesen Zweck sind insbesondere hydrophile Polymere mit niedrigen Molekulargewichten geeignet (<100.000 Dalton). Hydrophile Polymere mit höherem Molekulargewicht (>100.000 Dalton). können als Stabilisator für die resultierende feste Lösung angesehen werden, da sie die Rigidität der Matrix erhöhen und die Kristallisation des Wirkstoffes aus übersättigten Lösungen verhindern. Dadurch können stabile übersättigte feste Lösungen hergestellt werden, die einen besonders hohen Anteil an Arzneistoff aufweisen.
Die hydrophilen Polymere sind in der Regel wasserlöslich, zumindest in einem bestimmten pH-Bereich. Wasserlöslich bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang, dass sich bei 20 °C mindestens 0,1 g in 1 ml lösen. Als hydrophile Polymere eignen sich beispielsweise: Polyvinylpyrrolidone mit K-Werten von 12 bis 90, N-Vinylpyrrolidon-Copolymere, beispielsweise Copolymere mit Vinyles- tern wie Vinylacetat oder Vinylpropionat, insbesondere Copolymere aus N- Vinylpyrrolidon und Vinylacetat im Gewichtsverhältnis 60:40, Polyvinylalkohole, hydro- xyalkylierte Cellulosederivate wie Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) oder Hydroxypropyl- methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyalkylierten und carboxyalkylierte Cellulosederivate, Acrylsäure-Methacrylsäure-Copolymere. For selective control of the release, the solubilizing copolymers are used in combination with other polymers which are suitable for influencing the release of the biologically active substance. The degree of release-influencing usually depends on the concentration of the release-controlling polymer. The addition of hydrophilic polymers can influence the rate of disintegration of the resulting extrudates during release. By increasing the hydrophilicity, faster wetting and faster disintegration in the release can be achieved. Hydrophilic polymers with low molecular weights are particularly suitable for this purpose (<100,000 daltons). Hydrophilic polymers of higher molecular weight (> 100,000 daltons). may be considered as a stabilizer for the resulting solid solution as they increase the rigidity of the matrix and prevent the crystallization of the drug from supersaturated solutions. As a result, stable supersaturated solid solutions can be prepared, which have a particularly high proportion of drug. The hydrophilic polymers are usually water-soluble, at least in a certain pH range. Water-soluble in this context means that dissolve at 20 ° C at least 0.1 g in 1 ml. Suitable hydrophilic polymers are, for example: polyvinylpyrrolidones having K values of 12 to 90, N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, for example copolymers with vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, in particular copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a weight ratio of 60:40, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxyalkylated cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyalkylated and carboxyalkylated cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers.
Weiterhin eignen sich Polyethylenglykole mit mittleren Molekulargewichten von 1000 bis 6000. Weiterhin eignen sich Pfropfpolymere aus Polyethylenglykol und Polyvinylal- kohol-Einheiten wie sie kommerziell als Kollicoat® IR, Fa. BASF, erhältlich sind oder Mischungen solcher Pfropfpolymere mit Polyvinylalkohol. Also suitable are polyethylene glycols having average molecular weights of 1000 to 6000. Also suitable are graft polymers of polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol units such as are commercially available as Kollicoat® IR, from BASF, or mixtures of such graft polymers with polyvinyl alcohol.
Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird der Begriff wasserunlöslich oder schwerlöslich gemäß DAB 9 verwendet. Gemäß DAB 9 (Deutsches Arzneimittelbuch) erfolgt die Einstufung der Löslichkeit von Stoffen wie folgt: wenig löslich (löslich in 30 bis 100 Tei- len Lösungsmittel); schwer löslich (löslich in 100 bis 1000 Teilen Lösungsmittel); praktisch unlöslich (löslich in mehr als 10000 Teilen Lösungsmittel), jeweils bezogen auf ein Teil zu lösendem Stoff bei 20 °C. For the purposes of the present invention, the term water-insoluble or sparingly soluble according to DAB 9 is used. According to DAB 9 (German Pharmacopoeia) the solubility of substances is classified as follows: slightly soluble (soluble in 30 to 100 parts solvent); poorly soluble (soluble in 100 to 1000 parts of solvent); practically insoluble (soluble in more than 10,000 parts of solvent), in each case based on a part to be dissolved at 20 ° C.
Die Herstellung der festen Zubereitungen kann mit an sich bekannten Methoden erfolgen. The preparation of the solid preparations can be carried out by methods known per se.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform werden alle Inhaltsstoffe der Zubereitungen zunächst miteinander in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel in Lösung gebracht und das Lösungs- mittel anschließend entfernt. Dies kann über alle möglichen Arten von Trocknungsprozessen erfolgen z.B. über Sprühtrocknung, Wirbelschichttrocknung, Trocknung unter Anwendung überkritischer Gase, Gefriertrocknung, Abdampfen. According to one embodiment, all ingredients of the preparations are first brought together in a suitable solvent in solution and the solvent is then removed. This can be done via all kinds of drying processes, e.g. via spray drying, fluidized bed drying, drying using supercritical gases, freeze drying, evaporation.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Verfahrensweise werden die festen Zubereitungen durch Extrusion hergestellt. Die Polymere können dem Extruder sowohl in pulverförmiger Form als auch in Form von Lösungen oder Dispersionen zugeführt werden. According to a preferred procedure, the solid preparations are prepared by extrusion. The polymers can be fed to the extruder both in powder form and in the form of solutions or dispersions.
Die Dispersionen oder Lösungen des Polymerisats können durch Entfernung des Dispersions- oder Lösemittels im Extruder im schmelzeflüssigen Zustand und Abkühlen der Schmelze in feste Form überführt werden.
Die so erhaltene Schmelze kann dann abgekühlt und granuliert werden. Hierzu erfolgt ein sogenannter Heißabschlag oder Abkühlung unter Luft oder Schutzgas beispielsweise auf ein Teflon- oder Kettenband und anschließende Granulierung des erkalteten Schmelzestranges. Es kann aber auch eine Abkühlung in einem Lösungsmittel erfol- gen, in dem die Polymere nicht signifikant löslich sind. The dispersions or solutions of the polymer can be converted into solid form by removing the dispersion or solvent in the extruder in the molten state and cooling the melt. The melt thus obtained can then be cooled and granulated. For this purpose, a so-called hot break or cooling takes place under air or inert gas, for example, on a Teflon or chain belt and subsequent granulation of the cooled melt strand. However, cooling may also take place in a solvent in which the polymers are not significantly soluble.
Die folgenden Methoden A-E können grundsätzlich verwendet werden: The following methods A-E can basically be used:
Für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignen sich prinzipiell die üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Extrudertypen. Diese umfassen üblicherweise ein Gehäuse, eine Antriebseinheit mit Getriebe sowie eine Verfahrenseinheit, die aus der oder den mit den Schneckenelementen bestückten Extruderwellen besteht, wobei in diesem Falle modu- larer Aufbau vorausgesetzt wird. In principle, the customary extruder types known to the person skilled in the art are suitable for the process according to the invention. These usually comprise a housing, a drive unit with gearbox and a process unit which consists of the extruder shaft (s) equipped with the screw elements, in which case modular construction is assumed.
Der Extruder besteht aus mehreren Abschnitten, die jeweils bestimmten Verfahrenseinheiten zuzuordnen sind. Jeder dieser Abschnitte besteht aus einem oder mehreren Zylindern (Zylinderblöcken) als kleinste unabhängige Einheit -und den zugehörigen Schneckenabschnitten mit den der Verfahrensaufgabe entsprechenden Schneckenelementen. The extruder consists of several sections, each of which can be assigned to specific process units. Each of these sections consists of one or more cylinders (cylinder blocks) as the smallest independent unit - and the associated screw sections with the process elements corresponding screw elements.
Die einzelnen Zylinder sollen beheizbar sein. Weiterhin können die Zylinder auch für eine Kühlung ausgelegt sein, beispielsweise für Kühlung mit Wasser. Bevorzugt sind die einzelnen Zylinderblöcke voneinander unabhängig heiz- und kühlbar, so dass auch längs der Extrusionsrichtung unterschiedliche Temperaturzonen eingestellt werden können The individual cylinders should be heated. Furthermore, the cylinders can also be designed for cooling, for example for cooling with water. The individual cylinder blocks can preferably be heated and cooled independently of each other so that different temperature zones can also be set along the extrusion direction
Der Extruder ist vorteilhafterweise als gleichsinnig drehender Zweischneckenextruder ausgeführt. Die Schneckenkonfiguration kann dabei je nach Produkt unterschiedlich stark scherend sein. Die Schneckenkonfiguration kann mit den üblichen variablen Bauelementen wie Förderelementen, Knetelementen, Rückstauelementen und dergleichen
je nach Zusammensetzung der Formulierung den entsprechenden Bedürfnissen ange- passt werden. The extruder is advantageously designed as a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The screw configuration can vary in severity depending on the product. The screw configuration can be used with the usual variable components such as conveying elements, kneading elements, backflow elements and the like depending on the composition of the formulation to the appropriate needs.
Geeignete Zweischneckenextruder können einen Schneckendurchmesser von 16 bis 70 mm und eine Länge von25 bis 40 D aufweisen. Suitable twin-screw extruders may have a screw diameter of 16 to 70 mm and a length of 25 to 40 D.
Der gesamte Extruder ist aus Zylinderblöcken, die einzeln temperierbar sind, aufgebaut. Die ersten zwei Zylinder können zwecks besseren Materialeinzugs temperiert sein. Ab dem dritten Zylinder wird vorzugsweise eine konstante Temperatur eingestellt, die materialspezifisch zu wählen ist und insbesondere vom Schmelzpunkt des einge- setzten Wirkstoffes und der Glasübergangstemperatur des Polymers abhängt. Die resultierende Produkttemperatur ist üblicherweise jedoch vom Schergrad des eingesetzten Schneckenelements abhängig und kann mitunter 20-30°C höher sein als die eingestellte Zylindertemperatur. Nach der Aufschmelzzone kann eine Entgasungszone nachgeschaltet werden, die vorteilhafterweise mit Umgebungsdruck betrieben wird. The entire extruder is constructed of cylinder blocks, which are individually tempered. The first two cylinders can be tempered for better material intake. From the third cylinder, a constant temperature is preferably set, which is to be selected specifically for the material and in particular depends on the melting point of the active substance used and the glass transition temperature of the polymer. However, the resulting product temperature is usually dependent on the degree of shear of the screw element used and may sometimes be 20-30 ° C higher than the set cylinder temperature. After the melting zone, a degassing zone can be connected downstream, which is advantageously operated at ambient pressure.
Die eingesetzten Runddüsen können einen Durchmesser von 0.5 bis 5 mm aufweisen. Andere Düsenformen, wie Schlitzdüsen können ebenfalls eingesetzt werden, vor allem dann wenn ein größerer Materialdurchsatz angestrebt wird. The round nozzles used can have a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. Other nozzle shapes, such as slot dies can also be used, especially if a larger material throughput is desired.
Die resultierenden Extrudatstränge können mit einem Granulator zu Granulatkörnern verarbeitet werden und diese können wiederum weiter zu einem Pulver zerkleinert (gemahlen) werden. Das Granulat oder Pulver kann in Kapseln gefüllt oder unter Anwen- dung üblicher Tablettierhilfsstoffe zu Tabletten verpresst werden. Hierbei können auch weitere die Freisetzung steuernde Hilfsstoffe eingesetzt werden. The resulting extrudate strands can be processed into granules with a granulator and these in turn can be further comminuted (ground) into a powder. The granules or powder can be filled into capsules or pressed into tablets using conventional tableting excipients. In this case, further release-controlling adjuvants can also be used.
Ferner ist es möglich, während der Extrusion Wasser, organische Lösungsmittel, Puffersubstanzen oder Weichmacher einzusetzen. Insbesondere Wasser oder flüchtige Alkohole bieten sich hierfür an. Dieses Verfahren ermöglicht die Umsetzung bei niedrigerer Temperatur. Die Lösungsmittel- bzw. Weichmachermengen liegen üblicherweise zwischen 0 und 30% der extrudierbaren Masse. Das Wasser oder Lösungsmittel kann schon durch eine Entgasungsstelle im Extruder bei Normaldruck oder durch Anlegen von Vakuum entfernt werden. Alternativ verdampfen diese Komponenten, wenn das Extrudat den Extruder verlässt und der Druck sich auf Normaldruck reduziert. Im Falle von schwerer flüchtigen Komponenten kann das Extrudat entsprechend nachgetrocknet werden. It is also possible to use water, organic solvents, buffer substances or plasticizers during the extrusion. In particular, water or volatile alcohols are suitable for this purpose. This method allows the reaction at a lower temperature. The amounts of solvent or plasticizer are usually between 0 and 30% of the extrudable mass. The water or solvent can already be removed by a degassing point in the extruder at atmospheric pressure or by applying a vacuum. Alternatively, these components evaporate as the extrudate exits the extruder and the pressure reduces to normal pressure. In the case of less volatile components, the extrudate can be post-dried accordingly.
In einer besonderen Variante des Herstellungsverfahrens wird direkt im Anschluß an die Extrusion die thermoplastische Masse zu einem tablettenähnlichen Komprimat ka- landriert, das die endgültige Darreichungsform darstellt. In dieser Variante kann es sinnvoll sein, weitere Bestandteile wir z.B. Polymere zur Einstellung der Glasüber-
gangstemperatur und der Schmelzviskosität, Sprengmittel, Solubilisatoren, Weichmacher, Farbstoffe, Geschmacksstoffe, Süßstoffe etc. schon vor oder während der Extru- sion zuzusetzen. Prinzipiell können diese Stoffe auch verwendet werden, wenn das Extrudat zunächst zerkleinert und danach zu Tabletten verpresst wird. In a particular variant of the production process, directly after the extrusion, the thermoplastic mass is calendered into a tablet-like compressed product which represents the final administration form. In this variant, it may be useful to use other constituents, for example polymers for adjusting the glass transition. transition temperature and the melt viscosity, disintegrants, solubilizers, plasticizers, dyes, flavorings, sweeteners, etc. already before or during the extrusion add. In principle, these substances can also be used if the extrudate is first comminuted and then pressed into tablets.
Zur Einstellung der Glasübergangstemperatur der Formulierung können wasserlösliche Polymere mit hoher Glasübergangstemperatur wie z.B. Polyvinylpyrrolidon mit K- Werten von 17 - 120, Hydroxyalkylcellulosen oder Hydroxalkylstärken eingesetzt werden. Eine zu hohe Glasübergangstemperatur der Formulierung kann durch Zusatz von Weichmachern erniedrigt werden. Hierfür sind prinzipiell alle Weichmacher geeignet, die auch für pharmazeutische Coatings eingesetzt werden, wie z.B. Triethylcitrat, Tri- butylcitrat, Acetyltributylcitrat, Triacetin, Propylenglycol, Polyethylenglycol 400, Dibutyl- sebacat, Glycerolmonostearat, Laurinsäure, Cetylstearylalkohol. To adjust the glass transition temperature of the formulation, water-soluble polymers of high glass transition temperature, e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone with K values of 17 to 120, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxalkyl can be used. Too high a glass transition temperature of the formulation can be lowered by adding plasticizers. For this purpose, in principle, all plasticizers are suitable, which are also used for pharmaceutical coatings, such. Triethyl citrate, tri- butyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, triacetin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, dibutyl sebacate, glycerol monostearate, lauric acid, cetylstearyl alcohol.
Weiterhin können auch zusätzlich Tenside, die die Schmelzviskosität und damit die Extrusionstemperatur herabsetzen, in die Zubereitungen eingearbeitet werden. Diese Stoffe können auch die mögliche Kristallisation positiv beeinflussen sowie eine bessere Benetzung der Formulierung und eine schnellere Auflösung herbeiführen. Geeignete Stoffe sind ionische und nichtionische Tenside wie beispielsweise Solutol® HS 15 (Macrogol-15-Hydroxystearat), Tween® 80, polyoxyethylierte Fettsäurederivate wie Cremophor®RH40 (polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, USP), Cremophor EL (Poly- oxyl 35 Castor Oil, USP), Poloxamere, Docusat Natrium oder Natriumlaurylsulfat. Furthermore, surfactants which reduce the melt viscosity and thus the extrusion temperature can also be incorporated into the formulations. These substances can also positively influence the possible crystallization and bring about a better wetting of the formulation and a faster dissolution. Suitable substances are ionic and nonionic surfactants such as, for example, Solutol® HS 15 (Macrogol 15-hydroxystearate), Tween® 80, polyoxyethylated fatty acid derivatives such as Cremophor® RH40 (polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, USP), Cremophor EL (Polyoxy 35 Castor Oil , USP), poloxamers, docusate sodium or sodium lauryl sulfate.
Die noch plastische Mischung wird vorzugsweise durch eine Düse extrudiert, abgekühlt und zerkleinert. Zur Zerkleinerung eignen sich grundsätzlich alle üblichen hierfür be- kannten Techniken wie Heiss- oder Kaltabschlag. The still plastic mixture is preferably extruded through a die, cooled and comminuted. For comminution, all common techniques known for this, such as hot or cold cutting, are suitable in principle.
Das Extrudat wird beispielsweise mit rotierenden Messern oder mit einem Luftstrahl abgeschlagen und anschließend mit Luft oder unter Schutzgas abgekühlt. The extrudate is cut off, for example with rotating knives or with an air jet and then cooled with air or under inert gas.
Es ist auch möglich, das Extrudat als Schmelzestrang auf einem gekühlten Band (E- delstahl, Teflon, Kettenband) abzulegen und nach Erstarrung zu granulieren. It is also possible to deposit the extrudate as a melt strand on a cooled strip (stainless steel, Teflon, chain strip) and granulate after solidification.
Anschließend kann das Extrudat gegebenenfalls gemahlen werden. Die Zubereitungen werden als riesel- und fließfähige wasserlösliche Pulver gewonnen. Bevorzugt werden Partikelgrößem von 20 bis 250 μηη eingestellt. Subsequently, the extrudate can optionally be ground. The preparations are obtained as free-flowing and flowable water-soluble powders. Particle sizes of 20 to 250 μm are preferably set.
Weiterhin ist es auch möglich die plastische Mischung aus Polymer und aktiver Substanz durch Spritzguss zu verarbeiten. Furthermore, it is also possible to process the plastic mixture of polymer and active substance by injection molding.
Überraschenderweise weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen eine erheblich verbesserte Stabilität auf, das heißt der Wirkstoff bleibt in molekulardispersem oder amorphem Zustand in der Formulierung und kristallisiert nicht aus. Dadurch verändern sich auch die Freisetzungeigenschaften nicht über die Zeit.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen weisen eine höhere Bioverfügbarkeit des Wirkstoffes auf als die Zubereitungen ohne wasserlösliches Polymer. Surprisingly, the formulations according to the invention have a significantly improved stability, that is to say the active substance remains in a molecularly dispersed or amorphous state in the formulation and does not crystallize out. As a result, the release properties do not change over time. The preparations according to the invention have a higher bioavailability of the active ingredient than the preparations without water-soluble polymer.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhaltenen Zubereitungen lassen sich grundsätzlich auf allen Gebieten einsetzen, bei denen in Wasser nur schwerlösliche oder unlösliche Substanzen entweder in wässrigen Zubereitungen zum Einsatz kommen sollen oder ihre Wirkung in wässrigem Milieu entfalten sollen. The formulations obtained by the process according to the invention can be used in principle in all areas in which only sparingly soluble or insoluble substances in water should either be used in aqueous preparations or should have their effect in an aqueous environment.
Der Begriff„in Wasser schwerlöslich" umfasst erfindungsgemäß auch praktisch unlösli- che Substanzen und bedeutet, dass für eine Lösung der Substanz in Wasser bei 20 °C mindestens 30 bis 100 g Wasser pro g Substanz benötigt wird. Bei praktisch unlöslichen Substanzen werden mindestens 10.000 g Wasser pro g Substanz benötigt. According to the invention, the term "sparingly soluble in water" also encompasses practically insoluble substances and means that a solution of the substance in water requires at least 30 to 100 g of water per g of substance at 20 ° C. In the case of practically insoluble substances, at least 10,000 g Water per g of substance needed.
Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind unter in Wasser schwerlöslichen Substanzen vorzugsweise biologisch aktive Substanzen wie pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe fürFor the purposes of the present invention are preferably sparingly soluble in water substances biologically active substances such as pharmaceutical agents for
Mensch und Tier, kosmetische oder agrochemische Wirkstoffe oder Nahrungsergänzungsmittel oder diätetische Wirkstoffe zu verstehen. Human and animal, cosmetic or agrochemical active ingredients or dietary supplements or dietary active substances.
Weiterhin kommen als zu solubilisierende schwerlösliche Substanzen auch Farbstoffe wie anorganische oder organische Pigmente in Betracht. Also suitable as the sparingly soluble substances to be solubilized are also dyes such as inorganic or organic pigments.
Als biologisch aktive Substanzen kommen erfindungsgemäß grundsätzlich alle festen Wirkstoffe in Betracht, die einen Schmelzpunkt aufweisen, der unter dem Zersetzungspunkt unter Extrusionsbedingungen der Copolymere liegt. Die Copolymere können im Allgemeinen bei Temperaturen bis zu 260 °C extrudiert werden. Die Temperaturuntergrenze richtet sich nach der Zusammensetzung der zu extrudierenden Mischungen und den jeweils zu verabeitenden schwerlöslichen Substanzen. Suitable biologically active substances according to the invention are, in principle, all solid active compounds which have a melting point which is below the decomposition point under extrusion conditions of the copolymers. The copolymers can generally be extruded at temperatures up to 260 ° C. The lower temperature limit depends on the composition of the mixtures to be extruded and the sparingly soluble substances to be administered in each case.
Die verwendeten pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffe sind in Wasser unlösliche bzw. wenig lösliche Substanzen gemäß der bereits erwähnten Definition nach DAB 9. The pharmaceutical active ingredients used are water-insoluble or sparingly soluble substances according to the already mentioned definition according to DAB 9.
Die Wirkstoffe können aus jedem Indikationsbereich kommen. The active ingredients can come from any indication.
Als Beispiele seien hier Benzodiazepine, Antihypertensiva, Vitamine, Cytostatika - insbesondere Taxol, Anästhetika, Neuroleptika, Antidepressiva, antiviral wirksame Mittel wie beispielsweise Anti-HIV wirksame Mittel, Antibiotika, Antimykotika, Antidementiva, Fungizide, Chemotherapeutika, Urologika, Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer, Sulfonamide, Spasmolytika, Hormone, Immunglobuline, Sera, Schilddrüsentherapeutika, Psychopharmaka, Parkinsonmittel und andere Antihyperkinetika, Ophthalmika, Neuropathiepräparate, Calciumstoffwechselregulatoren, Muskelrelaxantia, Narkosemittel, Lipidsenker, Lebertherapeutika, Koronarmittel, Kardiaka, Immuntherapeutika, regulato- rische Peptide und ihre Hemmstoffe, Hypnotika, Sedativa, Gynäkologika, Gichtmittel, Fibrinolytika, Enzympräparate und Transportproteine, Enzyminhibitoren, Emetika, Durchblutungsfördernde Mittel, Diuretika, Diagnostika, Corticoide, Cholinergika, Gallen-
wegstherapeutika, Antiasthmatika, Broncholytika, Betarezeptorenblocker, Calciumantagonisten, ACE-Hemmer, Arteriosklerosemittel, Antiphlogistika, Antikoagulantia, Anti- hypotonika, Antihypoglykämika, , Antihypertonika, Antifibrinolytika, Antiepileptika, An- tiemetika, Antidota, Antidiabetika, Antiarrhythmika, Antianämika, Antiallergika, Anthel- mintika, Analgetika, Analeptika, Aldosteronantagonisten, Abmagerungsmittel genannt. Examples include benzodiazepines, antihypertensives, vitamins, cytostatic drugs - especially taxol, anesthetics, neuroleptics, antidepressants, antiviral agents such as anti-HIV agents, antibiotics, antimycotics, anti-dementia, fungicides, chemotherapeutics, urologics, antiplatelet agents, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, Hormones, immunoglobulins, serums, thyroid therapeutics, psychotropic drugs, Parkinson's and other antihyperkinetics, ophthalmics, neuropathy preparations, calcium metabolism regulators, muscle relaxants, anesthetics, lipid-lowering agents, liver therapeutics, coronary agents, cardiacs, immunotherapeutics, regulatory peptides and their inhibitors, hypnotics, sedatives, gynecologics, gout remedies , Fibrinolytics, enzyme preparations and transport proteins, enzyme inhibitors, emetics, circulation-promoting agents, diuretics, diagnostics, corticoids, cholinergics, bile antagonists, antiasthmatics, broncholytics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors, atherosclerosis agents, antiphlogistics, anticoagulants, anti- hypotensives, antihypoglycemics, antihypertensives, antifibrinolytics, anticonvulsants, antiemetics, antidotes, antidiabetics, antiarrhythmics, antianemics, antiallergic drugs, anthelmintics , Analgesics, analeptics, aldosterone antagonists, called emaciation.
Besonders bevorzugt sind von den oben genannten pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen solche, bei denen es sich um oral applizierbare Formulierungen handelt. Particularly preferred of the abovementioned pharmaceutical preparations are those which are orally administrable formulations.
Der Gehalt an erfindungsgemäßem Solubilisator in der pharmazeutischen Zubereitung liegt, abhängig vom Wirkstoff, im Bereich von 1 bis 75 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 50 Gew.-%. The content of solubilizer according to the invention in the pharmaceutical preparation is, depending on the active ingredient, in the range of 1 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 50 wt .-%.
Zur Herstellung von pharmazeutischen Darreichungsfrome wie beispielsweise Tabletten können die Extrudate mit üblichen pharmazeutischen Hilfsstoffen versetzt werden. For the preparation of pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets, the extrudates can be mixed with conventional pharmaceutical excipients.
Dabei handelt es sich um Stoffe aus der Klasse der Füllstoffe, Weichmacher, Löslich- keitsvermittler, Bindemittel, Silikate sowie Spreng- und Adsorptionsmittel, Schmiermittel, Fließmittel, Farbstoffe, Stabilisatoren wie Antioxidantien, Netzmittel, Konservierungsmittel, Formentrennmittel, Aromen oder Süßstoffe, bevorzugt um Füllstoffe, Weichmacher und Löslichkeitsvermittler. These are substances from the class of fillers, plasticizers, solubilizers, binders, silicates and explosives and adsorbents, lubricants, flow agents, dyes, stabilizers such as antioxidants, wetting agents, preservatives, mold release agents, flavors or sweeteners, preferably fillers , Plasticizers and solubilizers.
Als Füllstoffe können z.B. anorganische Füllstoffe wie Oxide von Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicium, Titan- oder Calciumcarbonat, Calcium- oder Magnesiumphosphate oder organische Füllstoffe wie Lactose, Saccharose, Sorbit, Mannit zugesetzt werden. Als Weichmacher eignen sich beispielsweise Triacetin, Triethylcitrat, Glycerolmo- nostearat, niedermolekulare Polyethylenglykole oder Poloxamere. As fillers, e.g. inorganic fillers such as oxides of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium or calcium carbonate, calcium or magnesium phosphates or organic fillers such as lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol may be added. Suitable plasticizers are, for example, triacetin, triethyl citrate, glycerol monostearate, low molecular weight polyethylene glycols or poloxamers.
Als zusätzliche Löslichkeitvermittler eignen sich grenzflächenaktive Substanzen mit einem HLB-Wert (HydrophilicLipophilicBalance) größer 1 1 , beispielsweise mit 40 Ethy- lenoxid-Einheitten ethoxiliertes hydriertes Ricinusöl (Cremophor® RH 40), mit 35 Ethy- lenoxid-Einheiten ethoxiliertes Ricinusöl (Cremophor eL), Polysorbat 80, Poloxamere oder Natriumlaurylsulfat.
Als Schmiermittel können Stearate von Aluminium, Calcium, Magnesium und Zinn, sowie Magnesiumsilikat, Silikone und ähnliche verwendet werden. Surface-active substances having an HLB value (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) greater than 1 l, for example ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), ethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor eL) containing 35 ethylene oxide units are suitable as additional solubility promoters. , Polysorbate 80, poloxamers or sodium lauryl sulfate. As lubricants, stearates of aluminum, calcium, magnesium and tin, as well as magnesium silicate, silicones and the like can be used.
Als Fließmittel können beispielsweise Talk oder kolloidales Siliciumdioxid eingesetzt werden. As flow agents, for example, talc or colloidal silica can be used.
Als Bindemittel eignet sich zum Beispiel mikrokristalline Cellulose. Suitable binders are, for example, microcrystalline cellulose.
Als Sprengmittel können quervernetztes Polyvinylpyrrolidon oder quervernetzte Natri- umcarboxymethylstarke sein. Stabilisatoren können sein Ascorbinsaure oder Tocophe- rol. Crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone or cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl starch can be used as disintegrating agents. Stabilizers may be ascorbic acid or tocopherol.
Farbstoffe sind z.B. Eisenoxide, Titandioxid, Triphenylmethanfarbstoffe, Azofarbstoffe, Chinolinfarbstoffe, Indigotinfarbstoffe, Carotinoide, um die Darreichungsformen einzu- färben, Opakisierungsmittel wie Titandioxid oder Talkum, um die Lichtdurchlässigkeit zu erhöhen und um Farbstoffe einzusparen. Dyes are e.g. Iron oxides, titanium dioxide, triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes, quinoline dyes, indigotine dyes, carotenoids to dye the dosage forms, opacifying agents such as titanium dioxide or talc to increase the light transmission and to save dyes.
Neben der Anwendung in der Kosmetik und Pharmazie eignen sich die erfindungsge- mäß hergestellten Zubereitungen auch für den Einsatz im Lebensmittelbereich, zum Beispiel für die Einarbeitung von schwer wasserlöslichen oder wasserunlösliche Nähr-, Hilfs- oder Zusatzstoffen, wie z.B. fettlösliche Vitamine oder Carotinoide. Als Beispiele seien mit Carotinoiden gefärbte Getränke genannt. Die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Zubereitungen in der Agrochemie kann u.a. Formulierungen umfassen, die Pestizide, Herbizide, Fungizide oder Insektizide enthalten, vor allem auch solche Zubereitungen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, die als Spritz- oder Gießbrühen zum Einsatz kommen. Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können sogenannte feste Lösungen mit schwerlöslichen Substanzen erhalten werden. Als feste Lösungen werden erfindungsgemäß Systeme bezeichnet, in denen keine kristallinen Anteile der schwerlöslichen Substanz zu beobachten sind. Bei visueller Begutachtung der stabilen festen Lösungen sind keine amorphen Bestandteile zu erkennen. Die visuelle Begutachtung kann mit einem Lichtmikroskop sowohl mit als auch ohne Polarisationsfilter bei 40facher Vergrößerung erfolgen.
Weiterhin können die Zubereitungen auch mit Hilfe XRD (X-Ray Diffraction; Röntgen- diffraktometrie) und In addition to their use in cosmetics and pharmacy, the preparations according to the invention are also suitable for use in the food industry, for example for the incorporation of nutrients, auxiliaries or additives which are sparingly soluble in water or insoluble in water, for example fat-soluble vitamins or carotenoids. Examples include drinks colored with carotenoids. The use of the preparations according to the invention in agrochemicals may include, inter alia, formulations containing pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, especially those preparations of crop protection agents used as spray or pouring broths. With the aid of the method according to the invention so-called solid solutions with sparingly soluble substances can be obtained. Solid solutions according to the invention are systems in which no crystalline components of the sparingly soluble substance are observed. Visual examination of the stable solid solutions reveals no amorphous constituents. The visual inspection can be done with a light microscope both with and without a polarizing filter at 40x magnification. Furthermore, the preparations can also with the aid of XRD (X-ray diffraction) and
DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) auf Kristallinität oder Amorphizität untersucht werden. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) for crystallinity or amorphicity.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhaltenen Zubereitungen liegen wie gesagt amorph vor, was bedeutet, dass die kristallinen Anteile der biologisch aktiven Substanz kleiner 5 Gew.-% betragen. Vorzugsweise wird der amorphe Zustand mittels DSC oder XRD überprüft. Solch ein amorpher Zustand kann auch als rontgenamorpher Zustand bezeichnet werden. As stated, the preparations obtained by the process according to the invention are amorphous, which means that the crystalline proportions of the biologically active substance are less than 5% by weight. Preferably, the amorphous state is checked by DSC or XRD. Such an amorphous state may also be referred to as an amorphous state.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt die Herstellung von stabilen Zubereitungen mit hoher Wirkstoffbeladung und guter Stabilität bezüglich des amorphen Zustand der schwerlöslichen Substanz. The process of the invention allows the production of stable preparations with high drug loading and good stability with respect to the amorphous state of the sparingly soluble substance.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt die Herstellung von stabilen Zubereitungen mit hoher Wirkstoffbeladung. The inventive method allows the production of stable preparations with high drug loading.
Uberraschenderweise weisen solche Kombinationen eine stark reduzierte Feuchtigkeitsempfindlichkeit auf, d.h. die Formulierungen können bei hohen Luftfeuchten gela gert werden, ohne dass der Wirkstoff auskristallisiert. Surprisingly, such combinations have a greatly reduced moisture sensitivity, i. The formulations can be gela gert at high humidity without the active ingredient crystallized.
Beispiele Examples
Herstellung von Polymer 1 Preparation of Polymer 1
In einer Rührapparatur wurde die Vorlage ohne die Teilmenge von Zulauf 2 unter einer IS -Atmosphäre auf 77°C aufgeheizt. Wenn die Innentemperatur von 77°C erreicht war, wurde die Teilmenge von Zulauf 2 zugegeben und 15 min anpolymerisiert. Anschließend wurden Zulauf 1 in 5h und Zulauf 2 in 2 h zudosiert. Nachdem alle Zuläufe zudosiert waren, wurde das Reaktionsgemisch noch 3h nachpolymerisiert. Nach der Nachpolymerisation wurde die Lösung auf einen Feststoffgehalt von 50 Gew.-% eingestellt.
Vorlage: 25 g Ethylacetat In a stirred apparatus, the template was heated without the subset of feed 2 under an atmosphere of IS to 77 ° C. When the internal temperature of 77 ° C was reached, the portion of feed 2 was added and grafted on for 15 min. Subsequently, feed 1 was added in 5 h and feed 2 in 2 h. After all feeds had been metered in, the reaction mixture was postpolymerized for a further 3 hours. After postpolymerization, the solution was adjusted to a solids content of 50% by weight. Original: 25 g of ethyl acetate
104,0 g PEG 6000, 104.0 g PEG 6000,
1 ,0 g von Zulauf 2 Zulauf 1 : 240 g Vinylacetat 1, 0 g of feed 2 Feed 1: 240 g of vinyl acetate
456 g Vinylcaprolactam 456 g of vinylcaprolactam
240 g Ethylacetat 240 g of ethyl acetate
Zulauf 2: 10,44 g tert-Butylperpivalat (75 gew.%-ig in Aliphatengemisch) Feed 2: 10.44 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75% strength by weight in aliphatic mixture)
67,90 g Ethylacetat 67.90 g of ethyl acetate
Anschliessend wurde das Lösungsmittel durch ein Srpühverfahren entfernt und ein pulverförmiges Produkt erhalten. Der K-Wert betrug 16, gemessen 1 gew.-%ig in Ethanol Subsequently, the solvent was removed by a Srpühverfahren and obtained a powdery product. The K value was 16, measured 1 wt .-% strength in ethanol
Der Zweischneckenextruder, der für die Herstellung der in den nachfolgenden Beispielen beschriebenen Formulierungen eingesetzt wurde, wies einen Schneckendurchmesser von 16 mm und eine Länge von 40D auf. Der gesamte Extruder war aus 8 einzeln temperierbaren Zylinderblöcken aufgebaut. Die ersten zwei Zylinder wurden zwecks besseren Materialeinzugs bei 20°C bzw. bei 70°C temperiert. Ab dem dritten Zylinder wurde eine konstante Temperatur eingestellt, The twin-screw extruder used to prepare the formulations described in the Examples below had a screw diameter of 16 mm and a length of 40D. The entire extruder was made up of 8 individually heatable cylinder blocks. The first two cylinders were tempered at 20 ° C or at 70 ° C for better material intake. From the third cylinder a constant temperature was set
Die hergestellten festen Lösungen wurden mittels XRD (Röntgendiffraktometrie) und DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) auf Kristallinitat bzw. Amorphizitat unter Ver- wendung folgender Geräte und Bedingungenuntersucht: The prepared solid solutions were analyzed for crystallinity and amorphicity using XRD (X-ray diffractometry) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) using the following equipment and conditions:
XRD XRD
Messgerät: Diffraktometer D 8 Advance mit 9-fach Probenwechsler (Fa.Bruker/AXS) Messart: θ- Θ Geometrie in Reflexion Measuring instrument: Diffractometer D 8 Advance with 9-fold sample changer (Fa.Bruker / AXS) Type of measurement: θ- Θ Geometry in reflection
Winkelbereich 2 Theta: 2-80° Angular range 2 theta: 2-80 °
Schrittweite: 0,02° Increment: 0.02 °
Messzeit pro Winkelschritt: 4,8s Measuring time per angle step: 4.8s
Divergence Slit: Göbelspiegel mit 0,4 mm Steckblende Divergence Slit: Göbel mirror with 0.4 mm plug
Antiscattering Slit: Sollerspalt Antiscattering Slit: target gap
Detektor: Sol-X Detektor Detector: Sol-X detector
Temperatur: Raumtemperatur Temperature: room temperature
Generatoreinstellung: 40kV/50mA
DSC Generator setting: 40kV / 50mA DSC
DSC Q 2000 der Fa. TA -Instruments DSC Q 2000 of the company TA-Instruments
Parameter: Parameter:
Einwaage ca. 8,5 mg Weighing approx. 8.5 mg
Heizrate: 20K/min Heating rate: 20K / min
Die Wirkstofffreisetzung erfolgte nach USP Apparatur (Paddle Methode) 2, 37°C, 50UpM (BTWS 600, Pharmatest). Die Extrudatstränge wurden mittels eines Granula- tors auf eine Länge von 3mm zerteilt und in Hartgelatinekapseln gefüllt. Die Detektion des freigesetzen Wirkstoffes erfolgte per UV Spektroskopie (Lamda-2, Perkin Elmer) The drug release was carried out according to USP apparatus (paddle method) 2, 37 ° C, 50 rpm (BTWS 600, Pharmatest). The extrudate strands were cut to a length of 3 mm by means of a granulator and filled into hard gelatine capsules. The detection of the released active ingredient was carried out by UV spectroscopy (Lamda-2, Perkin Elmer)
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Die Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs in Phosphatpuffer pH 6,8 betrug 27% nach 2h, nach 10h waren 82% des ursprünglich eingesetzten Wirkstoffs freigesetzt. The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. The release of the active substance in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was 27% after 2 h, after 10 h 82% of the active ingredient originally used was released.
Beispiel 1 example 1
1200g Polymer 1 , 400g Kollidon® VA 64 (Copolymer aus N-Vinypyrrolidon und Vinyl- acetat im gewichtsverhaltnis 60/40) und 400g Cinnarizin (Schmelzpunkt 122°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. 1200 g of polymer 1, 400 g of Kollidon® VA 64 (copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a ratio of 60/40 by weight) and 400 g of cinnarizine (melting point 122 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in turbulizer T10B.
Die Mischung wurde bei folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1 . Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1. Cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 140°C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 140 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 500g/h Throughput: 500g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 95% Wirkstoff freigesetzt.
Beispiel 2 The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 95% active ingredient was released. Example 2
1200g Polymer 1 , 400g Kollidon VA 64 und 400g Danazol (Schmelzpunkt 225°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. 1200 g of polymer 1, 400 g of Kollidon VA 64 and 400 g of danazol (melting point 225 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in turbulizer T10B.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
• Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C • zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
• Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 160°C • Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 160 ° C
• Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM • Screw speed 200 rpm
• Durchsatz: 500g/h • Throughput: 500g / h
• Düsendurchmesser 3mm • Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 95% Wirkstoff freigesetzt. The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 95% active ingredient was released.
Beispiel 3 Example 3
1200g Polymer 1 , 500g Kollidon VA 64 und 400g Fenofibrat (Schmelzpunkt 81 °C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: 1200 g of polymer 1, 500 g of Kollidon VA 64 and 400 g of fenofibrate (melting point 81 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in turbulizer T10B. The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 100 °C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 100 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 500g/h Throughput: 500g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Nach 2 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 100% Wirkstoff freigesetzt.
Beispiel 4 The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 2 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 100% active ingredient was released. Example 4
1 100g Polymer 1 , 400g Kollidon VA 64, 100g PEG 1500 und 400g Itraconazol (Schmelzpunkt 166°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehalter eingewogen und 10 nuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. 1 100 g of Polymer 1, 400 g of Kollidon VA 64, 100 g of PEG 1500 and 400 g of itraconazole (melting point 166 ° C) were weighed into a Turbulamischbehalter and 10 minutes mixed in Turbulamischer T10B.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 130°C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 130 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 500g/h Throughput: 500g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Durch den Zusatz an PEG 1500 konnte die Extrusionstemperatur auf 130°C gesenkt werden, dies hatte keinen Einfluss auf die feste Lösung. Die transparenten festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 95% Wirkstoff freigesetzt. Beispiel 5 Nozzle diameter 3mm By adding PEG 1500, the extrusion temperature could be lowered to 130 ° C, which had no influence on the solid solution. The transparent solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 95% active ingredient was released. Example 5
1200g Polymer 1 , 500g Kollidon 12 PF (Polyvinylpyrrolidon K12)und 300g Fenofibrat (Schmelzpunkt 81 °C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehalter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T1 OB gemischt. 1200 g of polymer 1, 500 g of Kollidon 12 PF (polyvinylpyrrolidone K12) and 300 g of fenofibrate (melting point 81 ° C) were weighed into a Turbulamischbehalter and mixed for 10 minutes in Turbulamischer T1 OB.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 90 °C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 90 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 500g/h Throughput: 500g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befun- den. Durch den Zusatz an Kollidon 12PF konnte eine schnellere Auflösung der Granulate während der Freisetzung erzielt werden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 100% Wirkstoff freigesetzt.
Beispiel 6 The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. The addition of Kollidon 12PF resulted in a faster dissolution of the granules during release. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 100% active ingredient was released. Example 6
1200g Polymer 1 , 400g Kollidon 17 PF(Polyvinylpyrrolidon K17) und 400g Clotrimazol (Schmelzpunkt 148°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Mi- nuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. 1200 g of polymer 1, 400 g of Kollidon 17 PF (polyvinylpyrrolidone K17) and 400 g of clotrimazole (melting point 148 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in the turbulizer T10B.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 120°C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 120 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 500g/h Throughput: 500g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Durch den Zusatz an Kollidon 17PF konnte eine schnellere Auflösung der Granulate während der Freisetzung erzielt werden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 80% Wirkstoff freigesetzt. Beispiel 7 Nozzle diameter 3mm The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and DSC and found to be amorphous. The addition of Kollidon 17PF resulted in a faster dissolution of the granules during release. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 80% active ingredient was released. Example 7
800g Polymer 1 , 800g Kollidon 90 (Polyvinylpyrrolidon K90) und 400g Naproxen (Schmelzpunkt 157°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T1 OB gemischt. 800 g of polymer 1, 800 g of Kollidon 90 (polyvinylpyrrolidone K90) and 400 g of naproxen (melting point 157 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in the turbulizer T1 OB.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 160°C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 160 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 600g/h Throughput: 600g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befun- den. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 89% Wirkstoff freigesetzt.
Beispiel 8 The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 89% active ingredient was released. Example 8
1200g Polymer 1 , 400g Kollicoat® IR (Pfropfpolymer aus PEG 6000/Polyvinylalkohol), 100g PEG 1500 und 400g Itraconazol (Schmelzpunkt 166°C) wurden in einen Turbu- lamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. 1200 g of polymer 1, 400 g of Kollicoat® IR (graft polymer of PEG 6000 / polyvinyl alcohol), 100 g of PEG 1500 and 400 g of itraconazole (melting point 166 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in the turbulizer T10B.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
• Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C • zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
• Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 140°C • Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 140 ° C
• Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM • Screw speed 200 rpm
• Durchsatz: 800g/h • Throughput: 800g / h
• Düsendurchmesser 3mm • Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 99% Wirkstoff freigesetzt. The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 99% active ingredient was released.
Beispiel 9 Example 9
1000g Polymer 1 , 600g Kollicoat IR und 400g Fenofibrat (Schmelzpunkt 81 °C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehälter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T1 OB gemischt. Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: 1000 g of polymer 1, 600 g of Kollicoat IR and 400 g of fenofibrate (melting point 81 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in the turbulizer T1 OB. The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 130°C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 130 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 1000g/h Throughput: 1000g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Die Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs in 0,1 normaler HCl nach 2 h betrug unter 20%. Nach Umpufferung auf pH 6,8 für weitere 10 h waren insgesamt 80% Wirkstoff freigesetzt.
Beispiel 10 The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. The release of the drug in 0.1 normal HCl after 2 h was below 20%. After buffering to pH 6.8 for a further 10 h, a total of 80% active ingredient was released. Example 10
1200g Polymer 1 , 400g HPMC und 400g Cinnarizin (Schmelzpunkt 122°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehalter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T1 OB ge- mischt. 1200 g of polymer 1, 400 g of HPMC and 400 g of cinnarizine (melting point 122 ° C.) were weighed into a turbulence mixing vessel and mixed for 10 minutes in the turbulam mixer T1 OB.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
• Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C • zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
· Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 160°C · Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 160 ° C
• Schneckendrehzahl 100 UpM • Screw speed 100 rpm
• Durchsatz: 800g/h • Throughput: 800g / h
• Düsendurchmesser 3mm Der HPMC Zusatz führte zu flexibleren Extrudatsträngen, die sich leichter granulieren ließen. Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Die Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs in 0,1 normaler HCl nach 2h betrug unter 10%, nach Umpufferung auf pH 6,8 wurden 100% freigesetzt. • Nozzle diameter 3mm The HPMC additive resulted in more flexible extrudate strands, which were easier to pelletize. The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. The release of the active ingredient in 0.1 normal HCl after 2 h was below 10%, after rebuffering to pH 6.8, 100% were released.
Beispiel 1 1 Example 1 1
1000g Polymer 1 , 600g HPC und 400g Carbamazepin (Schmelzpunkt 192°C) wurden in einen Turbulamischbehalter eingewogen und 10 Minuten im Turbulamischer T10B gemischt. 1000g of Polymer 1, 600g of HPC and 400g of Carbamazepine (mp 192 ° C) were weighed into a Turbula Shaker and mixed for 10 minutes in T10B Turbulam mixer.
Die Mischung wurde unter folgenden Bedingungen extrudiert: The mixture was extruded under the following conditions:
Zonentemperatur 1. Zylinder: 20°C; 2. Zylinder: 40°C Zone temperature 1st cylinder: 20 ° C; 2nd cylinder: 40 ° C
Zonentemperatur ab dem 3. Zylinder: 170°C Zone temperature from the 3rd cylinder: 170 ° C
Schneckendrehzahl 200 UpM Screw speed 200 rpm
Durchsatz: 600g/h Throughput: 600g / h
Düsendurchmesser 3mm Nozzle diameter 3mm
Die festen Lösungen wurden mit XRD und per DSC untersucht und als amorph befunden. Nach 1 h in 0,1 normaler HCl waren 95% Wirkstoff freigesetzt.
The solid solutions were analyzed by XRD and by DSC and found to be amorphous. After 1 h in 0.1 normal HCl, 95% active ingredient was released.
Claims
1 . Dosierungsformen, enthaltend Zubereitungen von in Wasser schwerlöslichen Wirkstoffen in einer Polymermatrix aus amphiphilen Polyether-Copolymeren, , und aus mindestens einem hydrophilen Polymeren , in denen der in Wasser schwerlösliche Wirkstoff amorph in der Polymermatrix vorliegt. 1 . Dosage forms containing formulations of sparingly water-soluble active ingredients in a polymer matrix of amphiphilic polyether copolymers, and of at least one hydrophilic polymer in which the sparingly sparingly water-soluble active ingredient is present in the polymer matrix.
Dosierungsformen nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Polyether-Copolymere erhalten werden durch radikalisch initiierte Polymerisation einer Mischung aus 30 bis 80 Gew.-% N-Vinyllactam,10 bis 50 Gew.-% Vinylacetat und 10 bis 50 Gew.-% eines Polyethers Dosage forms according to claim 1, wherein the polyether copolymers are obtained by free-radically initiated polymerization of a mixture of 30 to 80 wt .-% N-vinyl lactam, 10 to 50 wt .-% vinyl acetate and 10 to 50 wt .-% of a polyether
Dosierungsformen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, enthaltend als hydrophile Polymere solche Polymere, deren Löslichkeit in Wasser bei 20 °C mindestens 0,1 g/ml beträgt. Dosage forms according to claim 1 or 2, containing as hydrophilic polymers those polymers whose solubility in water at 20 ° C is at least 0.1 g / ml.
4. Dosierungsformen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, enthaltend als hydrophile Polymere Polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-Vinylpyrrolidon-Copolymere, Polyvinylalkoho- le, hydroxyalkylierte Cellulosederivate, , carboxyalkylierte Cellulosederivate, Ac- rylsäure-Methacrylsäure-Copolymere, Polyethylenglykole, Pfropfpolymere aus Polyethylenglykol und Polyvinylalkohol-Einheiten, oder Mischungen solcher Polymere. 4. Dosage forms according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising as hydrophilic polymers polyvinylpyrrolidones, N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxyalkylated cellulose derivatives, carboxyalkylated cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers, polyethylene glycols, graft polymers of polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol Units, or mixtures of such polymers.
Dosierungsformen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 , enthaltend als hydrophile Polymere Polyvinylpyrrolidon oder Copolymere aus N- Vinylpyrrolidon und Vinylacetat. Dosage forms according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising as hydrophilic polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone or copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate.
Dosierungsformen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, enthaltend als hydrophi le Polymere Hydroxypropylcellulose oder Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose . Dosage forms according to any one of claims 1 to 4, containing as hydrophi le polymers hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
Dosierungsformen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, enthaltend als hydrophil Polymere Pfropfpolymere aus Polyether- und Polyvinylalkohol-Ein.heiten. Dosage forms according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising as hydrophilic polymers graft polymers of polyether and Polyvinylalkohol Ein.heiten.
8. Dosierungsformen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 , in denen das Verhältnis des Polyether-Copolymers zu dem hydrophilen Polymer zwischen 1 :99 und 99:1 beträgt. 8. Dosage forms according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ratio of the polyether copolymer to the hydrophilic polymer is between 1: 99 and 99: 1.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP10754933A EP2477606A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-17 | Rapidly soluble solid pharmaceutical preparations containing amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethers in combination with hydrophilic polymers |
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EP09170702 | 2009-09-18 | ||
EP10754933A EP2477606A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-17 | Rapidly soluble solid pharmaceutical preparations containing amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethers in combination with hydrophilic polymers |
PCT/EP2010/063735 WO2011033085A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-17 | Rapidly soluble solid pharmaceutical preparations containing amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethers in combination with hydrophilic polymers |
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US (1) | US20120202894A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2477606A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2013505222A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102655857A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012006056A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011033085A1 (en) |
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US9032390B2 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2015-05-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Framework versioning |
US8636929B2 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2014-01-28 | Basf Se | Nanoporous foamed active compound-containing preparations based on pharmaceutically acceptable thermoplastically workable polymers |
US8715729B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2014-05-06 | Basf Se | Rapidly disintegrating, solid coated dosage form |
WO2014125352A1 (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-21 | Aurobindo Pharma Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising tadalafil |
US20160193151A1 (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2016-07-07 | Maria Del Pilar Noriega Escobar | Dosage form incorporating an amorphous drug solid solution |
WO2017067841A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | Basf Se | Solid solutions of odoriferous substances and flavoring agents with vinyl lactam polymers |
CA3073195A1 (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-21 | Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Aqueous nebulization composition |
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WO2010112489A2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Basf Se | Method for producing preparations of substances poorly soluble in water |
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US20050181055A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-08-18 | Mathur Rajeev S. | Pharmaceutical compositions of quinapril |
BRPI0418294A (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2007-05-02 | Pfizer Prod Inc | stabilized solid pharmaceutical compositions of low solubility drugs, poloxamers and stabilizing polymers |
DE102005026755A1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Basf Ag | Production of solid solutions of sparingly soluble active ingredients by short-term overheating and rapid drying |
DE102005053066A1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-10 | Basf Ag | Use of copolymers as solubilizers for sparingly water-soluble compounds |
US20070141148A1 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-21 | Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Neramexane MR matrix tablet |
US20100204425A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-08-12 | Basf Se | Process for preparing copolymers obtained by graft polymerization in solution and based on polyethers in solid form |
CN102164583B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2013-11-06 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Use of polyether-based and vinyl monomer-based copolymers as binders for dosing forms comprising solid active ingredients |
CN102458368B (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2014-02-26 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Solid pharmaceutical preparations containing copolymers based on polyethers combined with poorly water-soluble polymers |
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- 2010-09-17 EP EP10754933A patent/EP2477606A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-17 US US13/496,656 patent/US20120202894A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-17 BR BR112012006056A patent/BR112012006056A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-09-17 JP JP2012529292A patent/JP2013505222A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-17 CN CN2010800436716A patent/CN102655857A/en active Pending
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CN102655857A (en) | 2012-09-05 |
US20120202894A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
BR112012006056A2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
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