EP2462398A1

EP2462398A1 - Method and device for cooling a fine grained solid bulk while exchanging the open space gas contained therein simultaneously

Info

Publication number: EP2462398A1
Application number: EP10747814A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Hamel
Original assignee: ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH
Current assignee: ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Priority date: 2009-08-05
Filing date: 2010-08-03
Publication date: 2012-06-13
Also published as: TW201111726A; CN102575904A; UA105669C2; ZA201201637B; US20120196239A1; WO2011015339A1; KR20120073224A; BR112012002435A2; AU2010281034A1; DE102009036119A1; RU2012106201A; CA2769393A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for cooling a solid matter from a coal gasification, wherein said device comprises a container with a feed part, cooling part and venting part. Lines arranged transversal to the flow direction are located inside of the cooling part that are grouped in two kinds, wherein the one kind comprises liquid carrying lines and the other comprises gas carrying lines. The liquid carrying lines are closed in the interior of the cooling part and are provided for the heat exchange. The other kind comprises gas carrying lines that are gas permeable into the interior of the cooling part in such a way that solid matter comprising primarily cooled slag, ash and flue dust is cooled and the remaining gas present in and between the solid matter particles is exchanged. The invention also relates to a method for cooling down the solid matter and for removing the remaining gas from the particles.

Description

Method and device for cooling a fine-grained solids bed with simultaneous replacement of the gap space gas contained therein

The invention relates to a device for cooling a fine-grained and hot solids from a coal gasification with simultaneous replacement of the gap gas contained therein, this device can be used in principle for cooling down of solid beds from other crude gas production processes, but especially suitable for the cooling of fly ash is obtained in coal gasification processes, since the fly ash still contains shares of coal gasification gas or crude gas between and in the particles, which can be removed by the device according to the invention, wherein the solid to be cooled is simultaneously flowed around by a gas which a continued flowability of cooling solid, which is typically present as a bed, ensures. The invention also relates to a process for cooling down hot solids, which process can be used in particular for separated fly ash from a coal gasification process.

In the gasification of coal or carbonaceous solids, the starting material is reacted by an oxygen or oxygen and water vapor-containing gas in synthesis gas, which consists predominantly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and which contains solids in the form of flue dust, mainly from the in the Coal-containing ash and / or solidified slag consists. Depending on the fuel used, the content of solids varies. To generate the synthesis gas, it is in principle possible to use other carbon-containing fuels as coal. Other suitable carbonaceous fuels which are suitable for gasification for the production of synthesis gas are, for example, peat, hydrogenation residues, residues, wastes, biomass or mixtures of these substances and mixtures with coal. Depending on the fuel used is obtained in the synthesis gas produced by gasification, an alternating proportion of solids, which is deposited by suitable devices and must be cooled down.

Suitable devices for deposition are, for example, cyclones, filters or electrostatic precipitators. The predominantly fly ash solid accumulates in hot form, typically as a bed, and must be cooled down before further use or disposal. A bed is understood in particular as a dense mixture of solid particles with gas contained therebetween. In addition, the separated solid contains in the spaces between see the particles and in the gaps of the particles still significant amounts of unpurified and toxic synthesis gas, which must be removed before further use or disposal of the solid.

For the purpose of solid cooling, in the prior art there are solid coolers which typically consist of containers which are trickled through by the bulk material to be cooled, and which contain tubes arranged transversely to the flow direction in the interior and which have a heat-transferring tube Liquid to be flowed through, and which cool down the solid material vorbeirieseln to a lower temperature. Suitable cooling devices are also cooled baffles or lines through which a heat-transferring liquid flows and which have a rectangular cross-section. These are designed for example in the form of liquid-carrying hollow bodies.

[0005] DE 102006045807 A1 describes a device for cooling down fluidized or free-flowing bulk solids, this device being a heat exchanger which cools down the bulk materials to be cooled by liquid-carrying tubes to a lower temperature. The tubes are arranged in successive rows of tubes offset from one another. The tubes are aligned through the rows of tubes obliquely to the rows of tubes, which are flowed through by suitable cooling o- the heating means. At one end there are devices for supplying heating or cooling medium on the rows of tubes and devices for removing them at the outer end. The bulk material to be cooled is passed through the heat exchanger across the rows of tubes. The rows of tubes are grouped in the form of modules, these modules meshing tooth-shaped when joined by the transverse arrangement of the tubes in the rows of tubes. This allows for practical horizontal or vertical stacking of the modules to accommodate different power requirements in operation.

EP 934498 B1 describes a shaft cooler for granular or free-flowing bulk materials, which is composed of a feed unit, a cooling unit and a withdrawal unit for the solid to be cooled. The cooling unit is typically constructed of a parallelepipedic container in which are arranged transversely to the flow direction tubes extending inside the cooling unit from between two opposite walls and through which a coolant such as air or water is passed. The tubes are grouped in the form of tube bundles which extend horizontally between the opposite lateral walls and which are arranged in several superimposed rows. The devices described are effective for solid cooling, but have the disadvantage that the gap space gas, which is contained in and between the particles, is not replaced or removed. The devices described are also susceptible to plug formation, if not free-flowing solid beds are used.

The shaft cooler listed in the prior art with tube bundles or hollow bodies in all cases require a free flowing solid bed. However, the fly ash in focus for the present invention has distinctly different properties, which must be taken into account to a special degree in order to ensure trouble-free operation of a cooling device can. The fly ash is characterized by a small mean particle size, e.g. in the range of 2 to 6 microns, additionally provided with a particle size distribution, which may contain significantly smaller particles. In the classification of gas-solid systems used by Geldart (D. Geldart, Powder Techn. 7, 285-293, 1973), which is used to describe the fluidization behavior, the fly ash would typically be assigned to money type group C or in the transition to cash mode. Group A lie.

To Geldart Group C include materials that are noticeably cohesive. Usual fluidization is extremely difficult. In small pipes, the entire bed is lifted by the gas. The gas blows only individual channels free. For larger containers, the bed is not raised and there is local breakage of channels, preferably near the wall. This is because the adhesive forces between the particles are greater than the forces that the gas can exert. In Geldart Group A, materials of small grain size and / or low density (e.g., cracking catalysts) are summarized. Fluidized beds of this particle group expand noticeably above the minimum fluidization before bubbles are formed. If the gas supply is switched off, the bed collapses very slowly and a clear gas retention capacity is characteristic. The particles usually referred to as free-flowing are represented by the money type group B and D. Geldart group D are materials with coarse and / or heavy particles. The money type group B correspond to most materials. Both classes are easy to fluidize and there is no gas holding capacity.

DE 1583505 C3 teaches a cooling device for the hot material emerging from a rotary kiln for firing or sintering unshaped or granular masses, consisting of a cooling shaft according to patent DE 1558609 A, characterized net, that above the Gutsäule in the cooling shaft supporting crushing rollers Grobbrechwalzen are arranged for crushing larger chunks, which may optionally receive cooling. In one embodiment of the invention above the coarse crushing rollers roof-shaped profiles, for example, with triangular cross-section, arranged for pressure relief of the former, which can be obtained, if necessary, cooling by air or water. A possibility for indirect cooling with a cooling medium is not described. The cooling air is supplied via a feed line at the lower end of the cooling device, so that an effective gas exchange of the gas in the interstices of the particles is not possible. DE 3922764 A1 teaches a method and apparatus for separating solid from a hot gas with a non-centrifugal separator having a collection bunker disposed thereunder. The collected in the collection bunker, separated solid is traversed by a gas and cooled directly. The heated gas, together with the gas freed from the solid, is passed jointly through the separator. The disclosed method and apparatus do not give any possibility of indirect cooling of the solid. Also, the supply of the cooling gas is not always possible so that fluidization of the solid takes place and caking can be prevented.

US 2276496 A describes a method of cooling material for heat treatment, which includes, for example, calcining and sintering, in rotary kilns, as used in the limestone, cement or related industries, and more particularly relates to means calcined or sintered material as it can be removed from the oven to cool. For cooling, air or a gaseous medium can be injected in several stages into the solid to be cooled. Options for indirect cooling with a cooling medium are not taught. Also, it is not possible to use the process for the removal of synthesis gas, since the gaseous medium is air and an inert gas can not be supplied. Finally, a device is used to carry out the method, which is used stationary and therefore is not compatible with any system shape. Although the said devices or methods allow a displacement of a portion of the gap space gas, but are not suitable for the mentioned types of solids. There is therefore the object of providing a device which cools down a hot bed of solid material which contains raw gas to be removed in the interspaces and in the gaps of the particles and makes it possible to exchange or to remove the raw gas contained therein. The tion is to be able to be adapted to different performance requirements of a coal gasification reactor and should also be able to be used in particular when it is a fine-grained or dusty, provided with poor flow properties of bulk material to be cooled solids. The device should be insensitive to high temperatures and have no tendency to corrode in any aggressive pollutants contained in the solid bed to be cooled. The device is also intended to be universally applicable, although cooling for solids from coal gasification processes is the preferred application. The invention solves this problem by a device consisting of a container which is subdivided into the areas supply part for the hot solids bed, cooling part and exhaust part for the cooled solid bed and is flowed through by the solid bed to be cooled. The cooling member is traversed transversely to the flow direction of lines, which are divided into two varieties, wherein one type of lines are conventionally flowed through by a heat transfer medium or cooling medium, and the other type of lines in the container interior is gas-permeable, so that a gas in the container interior and can flow into the solid bed.

The gas thus introduced into the bed causes the following:

• At the gas-permeable surfaces, the supplied gas causes the

Wall friction of the solid bed reduced. The solid can flow off the gas-permeable surfaces or simply flow around them.

• The supply of gas causes a localized loosening of the bed, which can lead to local fluidization depending on the amount of gas.

Due to the gas supply and the associated loosening and dilution, the flow properties of the bulk material improve, so that even here considered very fine fly ash can flow through the apparatus.

• The supplied gas dilutes and exchanges the existing gap space gas and thus also existing raw gas components between the particles.

The extraction part comprises feed nozzle for further gas, which ensures a trickle or flowability of the outflowing packed solids. The device according to the invention can further be configured so that the heat-transferring lines or the gas-permeable lines are, for example, as lines or conduit elements which are rectangular in cross-section or molded as a medium or gas-carrying hollow body, so that the device to changing solid properties or changed power requirements of the solid cooler can be adjusted.

The invention relates in particular to a solid cooler as a device for cooling a hot, fine-grained packed bed of solids with simultaneous exchange of the gap space gas contained between the filling particles and in their pores

• A container which serves as a cooling part, wherein on one side at least one opening for receiving and on its opposite side at least one deduction of flowing through solids is arranged, wherein

• The container contains inside a first type of lines, which are closed to the interior of the container, and are flowed through by a medium, so that an indirect heat exchange of the fine-grained solids bed and the surrounding gap space gas with the lines flowing through the medium is made possible , and

• The container inside contains a second type of conduits, which are gas-permeable into the interior of the container, and are traversed by a gas which flows through openings in the interior of the container, and

• The container has a gas relief nozzle for the introduced from the second type of lines in the interior of the container gas and thereby displaced gap space gas.

The medium-carrying lines or the gas-carrying lines are preferably tubes whose cross-sectional area is round. But it is also conceivable that the medium-carrying lines or the gas-carrying lines are pipes whose cross-section is square. This can also be extended on two sides, so that forms a rectangular or flattened cross-section. The cross section of both lines can eventually be arbitrarily shaped. In a particular embodiment, the lines with a rectangular or flattened cross-section can also be used as a denote or design hollow or gas-carrying hollow body. The medium or gas may also be passed through different conduits or passed through any combination of these conduits. Essentially determined by the flow properties of the solids bed and the heat transfer surface required for heat removal, an advantageous embodiment can consist of a combination of lines with a round or rectangular cross section.

The container has in a typical embodiment, a wall which is designed as a double jacket and which is also acted upon by a heat transfer medium. As a result, this wall is provided with a jacket cooling. In a typical embodiment, the cooling medium flows from the double jacket into the cooling lines.

In a preferred embodiment, the container is composed of a supply part, a cooling part and a withdrawal part for the solid bulk to be cooled. The supply part and the withdrawal part or both parts are preferably conical components, which are each assembled with the larger opening with the cooling part. Conceivable, however, are other components, as they are commonly used in container construction. Convenient examples are dished bottoms, basket bottom shelves, or for the supply part flat lid. There is always at least one gas outlet connection in the supply part as a gas relief connection, which is intended to allow the gas displaced by the solids bed to escape from the supply part. In a typical embodiment, the gas relief nozzle and the receiver of solids are arranged on the same side. It is possible that there is at least one gas supply port for the gas to be supplied in front of or behind the container in the flow direction of the solids. The arrangement of the lines in the cooling part is to be made so that optimum cooling, an optimal gas exchange between the particles and an optimal flow of solids is made possible. Thus, for example, the first type of medium-carrying lines and the second type of gas-carrying lines inside the container, seen in the container cross-section, be arranged in the flow direction in solid solid, wherein the rows of the first type medium-carrying lines and the second type gas-conducting Lines in the flow direction of the solid bed, seen in the container cross-section, alternate. The first type of medium-carrying lines and the second type of gas-carrying lines in the interior of the container, viewed in the container cross-section, can also be arranged obliquely in rows in relation to the solids flow direction, with the rows of medium-carrying lines and those of the gas-carrying lines sloping to the flow direction of the solid bed, seen in the container cross-section, alternate. Finally, the first type of medium-carrying lines and the second type of gas-carrying lines in the interior of the container, seen in container cross-section, be arranged in the form of a zigzag relative to the solid flow direction, wherein the rows of medium-carrying lines and the gas-carrying lines alternate in the flow direction of the solid bed.

The medium-carrying lines for heat exchange and the gas-carrying lines for gas supply are advantageously arranged so that an optimal heat exchange and optimum gas supply in the bed of solids is possible, whereby on the one hand the replacement of the gap space gas takes place and on the other hand, the flow behavior of the solid bed favorably influenced becomes. This also applies to the pipes themselves, which are equipped in shape and diameter so that an optimal heat exchange and gas supply is possible. In an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the second type of gas-carrying lines is smaller in diameter than the first type of medium-carrying lines for improvement.

A variant of the device according to the invention is designed so that at least one medium-carrying line is widened in the interior of the container in its own cross-section in the solid flow direction, so that a flattened cross-section line is formed. A further variant of the device according to the invention is designed such that a gas-carrying line in the interior of the container is widened in its own cross-section in the solids flow direction, so that a line flattened in cross-section is formed. It is also possible to make these lines as lines whose cross-section is rectangular. The device according to the invention is then designed so that at least one line in the interior of the container has a rectangular line cross section with sides extended in the direction of solids flow. Finally, it is also possible to design both at least one medium-carrying line and a gas-carrying line as a line with a flattened or rectangular cross-section. In general, it can be at the square in cross-section lines to pipes with non-round cross-section, or an embodiment in the form of hollow bodies through which the heat transfer medium or the gas flows. In the latter case, the gas-carrying hollow body or the gas-carrying pipes with non-round cross-section are at least partially gas-permeable to achieve a gas supply to the bed of solids.

The lines formed with flattened or rectangular cross-section may be meandered inside to improve the flow of the medium or gas. This is particularly true for an advantageous design of lines with flattened or rectangular cross-section, which are designed as a medium- or gas-carrying hollow body. It is possible that at least one medium and at least one gas-carrying line in the interior of the container extends its own cross-section parallel to the solids flow direction, so that the flowed through medium lines are flattened in cross-section or rectangular in shape. It is also possible that at least one gas- and medium-carrying line is widened in the interior of the container in its own cross-section in the solids flow direction, with alternating medium- and gas-carrying lines transverse to the solid flow direction.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides to design a part of the lines as round in cross-section lines and another part of the device as rectangular in cross-section lines. For this purpose, it is possible, for example, that between the medium-carrying lines whose cross-section in

Solid flow direction is flattened, transverse to the solid flow direction more

Lines are located, whose cross-section is round, with the round in cross-section gas or medium-conducting lines alternate in the solids flow direction.

Also, the order and the number of lines can be arbitrary.

In one embodiment of the invention, the medium- or gas-carrying lines, which are flattened in cross section in the solid flow direction, multiple times in the solid flow direction. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible that between the medium- or gas-carrying lines, which are flattened in cross-section in the solid flow direction and multiple times, in the solid flow direction at least one gas-conducting or medium-carrying line is arranged, whose cross-section is round. These can also alternate in the solid flow direction. The gas-carrying lines or the gas-carrying hollow lines are made of a material which makes it possible to achieve a gas inlet into the solids discharge. This is preferably a porous material which has a pore size which allows gas to enter the solids bed to be cooled, but is impermeable to the solids bed in the gas-carrying lines. In one embodiment of the invention, the porous material is sintered ceramic, porous ceramic, a porous plastic or gas-permeable sintered metal. It is also possible to provide the gas-carrying lines for introducing the gas into the solids bed with holes, holes, recesses, slots or the like. The pipes are made of conventional, gas-impermeable material and provided with holes, holes, slots, etc. for the passage of gas. In addition, it is possible that the gas-carrying lines are only partially or partially provided with a porous material and the rest of the line consists of conventional gas-impermeable material. The medium-carrying lines or the reactor are made of a material which makes it possible to perform a cooling by a good heat transfer without corroding. The choice of material of the container and the medium-carrying lines takes place as a function of the inlet temperature of the solids bed and located in the gap volume raw gas components and can be made for example of a high temperature resistant steel.

The ratio of the outer surfaces of the gas-carrying lines and the medium-carrying lines in the interior of the hollow container is preferably the same. However, it is also possible to make the ratio of the outer surfaces of the gas-carrying lines and the medium-carrying lines unequal. Thus, it is possible that the ratio of the outer surfaces of the gas-carrying conduits to the medium-carrying conduits inside the hollow container is 20 to 50 percent. The optimum choice depends on the cooling task and the flow properties of the solids bed. If it is a relatively good flowing bulk material at high temperature, the proportion of the heat exchanger surface is increased and reduces the proportion of gas supply surfaces. If, on the other hand, it is a non-free-flowing solids bed, the determination of the areas is determined by the required supply of gas in order to be able to ensure a solid flow at all times.

The invention also relates to a method by which a fine-grained, hot solid, which is preferably present as a bed, is cooled, wherein it simultaneously to an exchange of gases between the particles and in the gaps of the particles comes.

The invention particularly relates to a method for cooling a fine-grained and hot bed of solids with simultaneous replacement of the gap space between the gas particles and in their pores, wherein

• the solids bed to be cooled is fed into a container containing pipes, and

• The solids bed is moved continuously through the container, wherein

• A first type of lines is traversed with a relation to the solid bed cooler medium for heat transfer, so that an indirect heat exchange between solids and heat transfer medium takes place, and

• A second type of lines is designed gas-permeable, through which a supplied gas is fed into the container and in the solid bed, and

• displaced and removed by the gas supplied between the bed particles and in their pores gap space gas. Preferably, in the process of gas generation is a coal gasification, so that the solid bed consists essentially of fly ash and solidified slag. In principle, however, it is possible to use the solid cooler for any process in which a solid to be cooled accumulates, the space or void gas must be replaced or removed.

In the medium for heat exchange, which flows through the medium-carrying lines, it is preferably a liquid, although a gas or a fluid as heat-transferring media are conceivable. A particularly preferred medium for heat exchange is water. The promotion of the bed of solids through the cooler can in principle be carried out arbitrarily. So it is possible, the solid bed through Gravity effect to flow through the solid cooler. In one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible that the solids bed is moved by gravity or by a pressure gradient or by both in combination by the solid cooler. To generate the pressure gradient, for example, a gas can be brought into the cooler.

In principle, the solids bed to be cooled can have any desired temperature if it is conveyed into the solid cooler. In one embodiment of the invention, the solids bed has a temperature of 200 to 400 ⁰ C when flowing into the solid cooler. The cooling then takes place to a temperature in which a disposal or further use of the solid is easily possible. In an exemplary embodiment, the solids bed has a temperature of 50 to 150 ⁰ C when deducted from the solid cooler.

In the supplied gas, which serves to replace the gap space gas, it is exemplified by nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air or a mixture of these gases. This is then carried out in a mixture with the raw gas from the cooler. In one embodiment of the invention, the supplied gas is preheated up to the temperature of the fed solids.

The flow rate of the guided through the gas-permeable lines in the gas tank is preferably controlled so that the speed of the gas supplied at the exit surface of the gas-permeable conduit is greater than or equal to the minimum fluidization rate of the solid bed. The gas-carrying lines can be supplied individually or in groups with different amounts of adjustable gas. The supplied amount of gas can be dimensioned in another way so that adjusts a gas velocity of the gas supplied in the free cross sections between the lines is greater than or equal to the minimum fluidization rate of the solid bed.

In one embodiment of the invention, the gas-carrying lines are flowed through in the solid flow direction from bottom to top and / or in chronological order with gas pulses, so that a fixing of the solid bed in the solid cooler is counteracted. In a further embodiment of the invention, the solids charge flowing out of the container is loosened up by at least one gas inlet connection in the outlet region with further gas, so that lassstutzen a nearly free from residual gas, cooled and loosened solid is obtained.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is possible to use gas pulses, so that the pores or gas-permeable sites of the gas-carrying lines are cleaned or freed from stoppers. These pulses consist of waves of increased gas pressure, can be removed by the gobs or solid chunks or bridges formed by the increased gas pressure from the gas-carrying lines.

These are embodiments of the invention which result from the described device with supply part, cooling part and discharge part with heat exchanging medium-carrying lines and gas-exchanging, gas-carrying lines. The invention has the advantage that a solids bed, which is separated from a gas production and in particular from a coal gasification can be effectively cooled down, at the same time the gas contained in the solid bed removed and the solid bed can be fed to a further use or disposal.

The inventive design of a solid cooler according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to eleven drawings, wherein the device according to the invention is not limited to these embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows a solid cooler according to the invention, which consists of a supply part (6), a cooling part (5) and a withdrawal part (16). The solids bed (1) flows in the direction of flow g through the conical feed part (6), and comes with two types of lines (2,3) in contact, wherein one type of lines (2) of medium-carrying lines is formed to Heat exchange and serve to cool the solids bed, and the other type of lines (3) are gas permeable and are used for gas supply to the bed of solids (1). These inject a gas into the solids bed, so that the residual gas contained in the particles is exchanged for the gas and at the same time a loosening of the particles is achieved. The wall (13) of the cooling part (5) is thermally conductive and is provided with a jacket, flows through the cooling medium (14). The supply part (6) contains a gas relief nozzle (7), via which the gas can escape from the feed part (6) when the solid charge flows in. The withdrawal part (16) is provided with further gas inlet openings (8, 10), via which further gas (9, 11) can flow to loosen the solids bed. The cooled and cleaned solids bed (12) is removed from the conical discharge part (16). The medium-leading Lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) in the interior of the cooling member (5) are arranged in rows in the rows in the solids flow direction obliquely, wherein the rows of lines (4) of the medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) obliquely to the flow direction Change the solid bed. Although the integration of the gas supply lines reduces the heat transfer area for a given pipe arrangement, at the same time the bulk material flow is ensured. In classic shaft coolers it is known that the packed bed moves with very little cross-mixing through the rows of tubes and already cooled strands without cross-mixing move from top to bottom, so that a significant part of the still hot particles does not or only very late gets in contact with the heat exchanger. As a result, the heat transfer is not as high as theoretically can be estimated. In the proposed arrangement in Fig. 1, although less heat exchanger surface is present, since a part of the tubes is used for gas supply. On the other hand, the gas supply causes a local loosening and thus also transverse mixing, so that a much more effective cooling of the bulk material can be achieved at the heat transfer surfaces which are designed as line (2).

FIG. 2 shows the same solid cooler according to the invention, which is shown as section A-A of FIG. 1 is shown. You can see the supply part (6), the cooling part (5) and the trigger part (16). The medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) can be seen extending in cross-section through the container (5).

FIG. 3 shows only the interior of the cooling part (5) of the solid-state cooler according to the invention. On view are the medium-carrying lines (2) which are impermeable to the interior of the cooling part and the gas-carrying lines (3) which are gas-permeable into the interior of the cooling part (5) and which alternate in rows of lines (4) transversely to the direction of solids flow. These are flowed through by a gas (15) or a cooling medium (14).

FIG. 4 shows only the interior of the cooling part (5) of the solid-state cooler according to the invention. To see the arrangement of the medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3), wherein the medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) are arranged obliquely in the interior of the cooling member in the solid flow direction obliquely, and the rows of lines of the medium-leading Alternate the lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) at an angle to the flow direction of the solids bed (1). FIG. 5 shows only the interior of the cooling part (5) of the solid-state cooler according to the invention. The medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) in the interior of the cooling part (5) are arranged in the form of a zigzag in the flow direction, wherein the rows of medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) alternate in the flow direction of the solid bed ,

FIG. 6 shows only the interior of the cooling part (5) of the solid-state cooler according to the invention. The medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) in the interior of the cooling part (5) are arranged in the form of zigzag in the solid flow direction, wherein the rows of medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) alternate in the flow direction of the solid bed , The gas-carrying lines (3), which are permeable to gas in the interior of the cooling part (5) are smaller in diameter than the medium-carrying lines (2). This results in a given pipe arrangement a larger space and a larger free passage between the pipes for the flow of solids.

FIG. 7 shows the interior of the solid-state cooler according to the invention with supply part (6), cooling part (5) and withdrawal part (16). The medium-carrying (2) and gas-carrying (3) lines are as cross-section flattened lines, here, for example, as a hollow body, the medium-carrying lines (2) in the interior of the cooling part (5) are impermeable and the gas-carrying lines (3) in the Inside the cooling part (5) are gas permeable.

FIG. 8 shows the same solid cooler (5) according to the invention, which is shown as section A-A of FIG. 7. You can see the supply part (6), the cooling part (5) and the trigger part (16). The cooling part (6) contains a line (2), which is flattened in cross-section, in this case, for example, as a hollow body, and structured meander-shaped in the interior. This structure for targeted guidance of the cooling medium (14) may be present within the heat transfer surfaces.

FIG. 9 shows the interior of the solids cooler (5) according to the invention with supply part (6), cooling part (5) and withdrawal part (16). A part of the medium-carrying lines (2), whose cross-section is flattened, is designed here as a medium-carrying hollow body. Between and next to the medium-carrying lines (2) which are flattened in cross-section, parallel to the flow medium (2) and gas-conducting (3) lines are arranged, whose cross-section is round, with the round in cross-section gas and medium-carrying lines ( 2,3) alternate in the solids flow direction. FIG. 10 shows the interior of the solid-state cooler (5) according to the invention with feed part (6), cooling part (5) and take-off part (16). The medium-carrying lines (2) are designed as lines whose cross-section is rectangular, designed here, for example, as a hollow body. Between and next to the medium-carrying lines (2) are aligned parallel to the flow, gas-carrying lines (3) are arranged, whose cross-section is round. The gas supply pipes (2) are arranged here before entering the solid bed in the heat exchanger zone, and again between the following arrangement of medium-carrying hollow bodies. Emulsions of very fine particles are characterized by certain gas retention capacity, which can usually be determined in the fly ash considered here. Due to the gas-holding capacity of the solid, fluidization and loosening occur before entry into the gaps between the medium-carrying hollow bodies. Depending on the gas retention capacity, the solids velocity and the size of the apparatus, as shown by way of example in FIG. 10, it may be necessary to carry out one or more further intermediate fluidizations.

FIG. 11 shows the interior of the solids cooler according to the invention with supply part (6), cooling part (5) and withdrawal part (16). The medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) whose cross-section is round, are arranged obliquely in the flow direction in the interior of the container (5), for example, every fourth line of a line (4) is a gas-carrying line (3) , Here, analogously to FIG. 10, the solids bed is loosened before it enters the heat exchanger zone. The intervals at which a further series of gas feeds (in this example every four) becomes necessary depend on the gas holding capacity of the solids bed and the solids velocity in the container and must be determined for each case.

[0056] List of Reference Numerals

1 incoming solid to be cooled, solid feed

2 medium-carrying lines

3 gas supply lines

4 line of lines

5 cooling part or container

6 feed part

7 gas relief sockets

8 gas supply nozzles

9 gas supplied

10 gas supply nozzles

11 gas supplied

12 Chilled solid

13 wall as a heat transfer surface

14 medium or cooling medium

15 gas

16 deduction part

g flow direction of the solid bed

Claims

claims

1. solid cooler for cooling a hot, fine-grained solids bed (1) with simultaneous replacement of the gap space between the gas particles and contained in their pores, comprising

A container (5) which serves as a cooling part, at least one opening (6) being arranged on one side for receiving and on the opposite side at least one outlet (16) of flowing solid bed (12),

characterized in that

The container (5) contains in the interior a first type of lines (2) which are closed relative to the interior of the container (5) and through which a medium (14) flows, so that an indirect heat exchange of the fine-grained solids ( 1) and the surrounding gap space gas with the lines (2) flowing through the medium (14) is made possible, and

The container (5) contains inside a second type of conduits (3) which are gas-permeable into the interior of the container (5) and through which a gas (15) flows through openings in the interior of the container (5). 5) flows in, and

• The container (5) has a gas relief nozzle (7) for the second type of lines (3) in the interior of the container (5) introduced gas (15) and thereby displaced gap space gas.

2. solid cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas relief nozzle (7) and the receptacle (6) of the solid bed (1) on the same ben page are arranged.

3. Solid cooler according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first type of medium-carrying lines (2) and the second type of gas-carrying lines (3) in the interior of the container (5), seen in the container cross section, arranged in rows in the solid flow direction are, wherein the rows (4) of the first type medium-carrying lines (2) and the second type of gas-carrying lines (3) in the flow direction of the solid (1), seen in the container cross-section, alternate.

4. Solid cooler according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first type of medium-carrying lines (2) and the second type of gas-carrying lines (3) inside the container (5), seen in the container cross section, in rows opposite the solid flow direction are arranged obliquely, wherein the rows (4) of the medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) obliquely to the flow direction of the solid (1), seen in the container cross-section, alternate.

5. Solid cooler according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first type of medium-carrying lines (2) and the second type of gas-conducting lines (3) in the interior of the container (5), seen in the container cross-section, compared to Solid flow direction are arranged in rows in zigzag shape, wherein the rows (4) of the medium-carrying lines (2) and the gas-carrying lines (3) in the flow direction of the solid (1) alternate.

6. solid cooler according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second type of gas-carrying lines (3) is smaller in diameter than the first type medium-carrying lines (2).

7. solid cooler according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one medium-carrying line (2) in the interior of the container (5) is extended in its own cross section in the solid flow direction, so that a flattened cross-section line is formed.

8. solid cooler according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one gas-carrying line (3) in the interior of the container (5) is extended in its own cross section in the solid flow direction, so that a flattened cross-section line is formed.

9. solids cooler according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that at least one medium and gas-carrying line (2,3) in the interior of the container (5) is extended in its own cross section in the solid flow direction, wherein medium and gas-carrying lines ( 2,3) alternate transversely to the solid flow direction.

10. solid cooler according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that between the medium-carrying lines (2) whose cross-section is flattened in the solid flow direction, transverse to the solid flow direction further lines (2,3) are located, whose cross-section is round, wherein alternate the gas- or medium-carrying lines (2, 3), which are round in cross section, in the solids flow direction.

1 1. Solid cooler according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the medium- or gas-carrying lines (2,3), which are flattened in cross-section in the solid flow direction, in the solid flow direction multiple times.

12. solid cooler according to claim 1 1, characterized in that between the media or gas-carrying lines (2,3), which are flattened in cross section in the solid flow direction and multiple times in the solid flow direction, in the solids flow direction at least one gas-conducting (3) or medium-leading (2) line is arranged, whose cross-section is round.

13. Solid cooler according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the gas-carrying lines (3) are at least partially made of a porous material.

14. Solid cooler according to claim 13, characterized in that it is the porous material is sintered ceramic, porous ceramic, porous plastic or sintered metal.

15. solid cooler according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the gas-carrying lines (3) for introducing the gas (15) in the solid (1) with holes, holes, recesses or slots are provided.

16. solid cooler according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the solids flow direction in front of or behind the container (5) is a gas supply nozzle (8, 10) for zuzuführendes gas (9, 1 1).

17. A method for cooling a fine-grained and hot solids bed (1) with simultaneous replacement of the gap space between the gas particles and in their pores, wherein

• the solid bulk material (1) to be cooled is fed into a container (5) containing lines (2,3), and

The solid bed (1) is moved continuously through the container (5),

characterized in that

A first type of lines (2) is flowed through with a heat transfer medium (14) which is cooler than the solids (1), so that an indirect heat exchange takes place between the solids bed (1) and the heat transfer medium (14), and

• a second type of conduits (3) is designed to be permeable to gas, through which a supplied gas (9, 11) is guided into the container (5) and into the solids feed (1), and

• The space between the filling particles and in their pores space gas is displaced by the supplied gas (15) and removed.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that it is the process for producing the solid bed (1) is a coal gasification, wherein the solid bed (1) consists essentially of fly ash or solidified slag or both.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that it is the medium for heat exchange (14) is a liquid.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that it is the medium for heat exchange (14) is water.

21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the solid (1) by gravity or by a pressure gradient or by both in combination by the solid cooler (5) is moved.

22. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the solids bed (1) is cooled to a temperature of 150 to 50 ⁰ C.

23. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that as the gas (15) nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air or a mixture of these

Gas is supplied.

24. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the supplied gas (15) is preheated up to the temperature of the fed solids bed (1).

25. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that the flow rate of the through the gas-permeable lines (3) in the container (5) guided gas (15) is controlled so that the speed of the supplied gas (15) based on the gas outlet surface of the gas-permeable lines (3) is greater than or equal to the minimum fluidization speed of the incoming solids bed (1).

26. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 25, characterized in that the gas-carrying lines (3) individually or in groups with different in the amount controllable gas (15) are supplied.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the gas-carrying lines (3) in solid flow direction from bottom to top and / or in time sequence with gas pulses (15) are flowed through, so that a fixing of solid (1) in the solid cooler (5) is counteracted.

28. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 27, characterized in that the out of the container (5) effluent solid (12) by at least one gas inlet port (8,10) in the deduction of the solid bed (1) with supplied gas (9,11 ) is loosened, so that at the trigger (16) is a nearly free from residual gas, cooled and loosened solids bed (12) is obtained.