EP2459294A2

EP2459294A2 - Device and method for mixing and exchanging fluids

Info

Publication number: EP2459294A2
Application number: EP10771508A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Axel Knobel
Original assignee: FRANZ HAAS WAFFEL-UND KEKSANLAGEN-INDUSTRIE GmbH
Current assignee: FRANZ HAAS WAFFEL-UND KEKSANLAGEN-INDUSTRIE GmbH
Priority date: 2009-07-31
Filing date: 2010-08-02
Publication date: 2012-06-06
Also published as: RU2012107489A; WO2011012995A3; AT14065U1; US20120174772A1; KR20120085740A; BR112012001822A2; CA2769701A1; CN102596349A; WO2011012995A2; JP2013500845A; PH12012500188A1; CH701558A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for mixing and exchanging fluids, having a first chamber (2) and a second chamber (4) adjacent to the first chamber, wherein the first chamber (2) is a mixing chamber having static mixing elements (6)permeable in a mixing fluid flow direction by a first fluid (F) and a second fluid (G), and the second chamber (4) is a fluid feeding chamber or fluid discharge chamber permeable by the second fluid (G), a semipermeable membrane (7) being disposed at least in parts of the boundary region between the volume of the first chamber (2) and the volume of the second chamber (4), said membrane being impermeable to molecules or molecule agglomerations of the first fluid (F) and permeable to molecules or molecule agglomerations of the second fluid (G), characterized in that the membrane (7) is made of a material or is coated by a material to which at least the molecules or molecule agglomerations of one of the two fluids (F) comprise a lower affinity, and/or characterized in that the semipermeable membrane (7) is an elastic membrane spanning a support wall (6) having a plurality of holes.

Description

Apparatus and method for mixing and exchanging fluids

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for mixing and exchanging fluids, in particular for gassing or degassing

Liquids.

For gassing or degassing liquids, numerous devices are known. These devices usually work with large interfaces between liquid and gaseous phase in order to be able to transport large quantities of gas into or out of the liquid in the shortest possible time.

There are also devices for degassing or for the filtration of liquids known in which a membrane is arranged between a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, which is permeable to the gas and impermeable to the liquid.

Such a device is e.g. in document EP 0 226 788 B1. This device contains a semi-permeable membrane in a wall between a gas flow and a liquid flow. In particular, a semipermeable membrane is also mentioned for bubble-free gassing of the liquid, for which purpose the semipermeable membrane is permeable to a gaseous medium to be admixed. Here, however, the problem arises that by the

Semipermeable membrane is penetrated into the liquid penetrating gas only very ineffective by the liquid, as formed on the membrane surface, a boundary layer in the liquid. This boundary layer is practically stationary at the membrane surface. By wetting and Durchnetzen the membrane or the membrane pores by the liquid, the formation of such a stationary boundary layer is favored.

The invention is based on the object, the mass transfer to a

semipermeable membrane between a first fluid and a second fluid to improve.

l To achieve this object the invention according to a first aspect provides a device for mixing and exchanging fluids, comprising a first chamber and a second chamber adjacent to the first chamber, the first chamber having one of at least a first fluid and a second fluid in A mixing chamber through which a mixing fluid flow direction can flow is provided with static mixing elements, and the second chamber is one of the second fluid

flow-through fluid supply chamber or fluid discharge chamber, wherein at least in part of the boundary region between the volume of the first chamber and the volume of the second chamber, a semipermeable membrane is arranged, which is impermeable to molecules or molecular agglomerates of the first fluid and molecules or molecule agglomerates of the permeable to the second fluid, characterized in that the membrane consists of a material or is coated with a material to which at least the molecules or molecular agglomerates of one of the two fluids have a low affinity.

According to the first aspect, the formation of a stationary boundary layer by one of the two fluids on the membrane is made more difficult.

To achieve this object the invention according to a second aspect provides a device for mixing and exchanging fluids, having a first chamber and a second chamber adjacent to the first chamber, the first chamber having one of at least a first fluid and a second fluid in one Mixed fluid flow direction permeable mixing chamber with static

Mixing elements and the second chamber is one of the second fluid

flow-through fluid supply chamber or fluid discharge chamber, wherein at least in part of the boundary region between the volume of the first chamber and the volume of the second chamber, a semipermeable membrane is arranged, which is impermeable to molecules or molecular agglomerates of the first fluid and molecules or molecule agglomerates of the permeable to second fluid, characterized in that the semi-permeable membrane is an elastic membrane which is mounted on a provided with a plurality of holes supporting wall.

According to the second aspect, it is also possible to make the formation of a stationary boundary layer by one of the two fluids on the membrane more difficult, by pulsating pressurization of one of the two Fluide a pulsating fluctuating pressure difference between the two sides of the membrane is generated.

Preferably, the measures according to the first aspect and the second aspect are combined, i. the membrane is made of a material or coated with a material to which at least the molecules or molecular agglomerates of one of the two fluids have a low affinity, and the semipermeable membrane is an elastic membrane which faces onto a support wall provided with a plurality of holes is stretched.

The semi-permeable membrane can be a hydrophobic (water-repellent)

Be a membrane. In this case wetting or wetting of the membrane by a polar liquid, e.g. Water difficult.

The semi-permeable membrane may also be an oleophobic (oil-repellent)

Be a membrane. In this case wetting or wetting of the membrane by a non-polar liquid, e.g. Oil difficult.

Preferably, the semi-permeable membrane is an oleophobic and

hydrophobic (oil-repellent and water-repellent) membrane. In this case, the wetting or wetting of the membrane by a non-polar

Liquid such as e.g. Oil and complicated by water.

Preferably, the gas-permeable membrane of the device according to the invention is a polymer membrane permeable to gas molecules such as O ₂ , N ₂ , CO ₂ , which

preferably applied to a porous support material and connected thereto. In this case, the effective pore size of the gas-permeable membrane is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 10 nm, while the carrier material can have a much larger effective pore size.

The material used for the gas-permeable membrane is preferably one of the following polymers: cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose nitrate (CN), cellulose ester (CE), polysulfone (PS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polyamide (PA), polyimide (PI), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU).

The thickness of the gas-permeable membrane is about 1 μm to 300 μm,

preferably 10 μm to 200 μm. The carrier material for stabilizing the gas-permeable membrane may be a nonwoven material, a textile material, for example of polyester, or another porous material whose effective pore size is many times greater than the effective pore size of the gas-permeable membrane.

The support wall may have circular holes and / or slot-shaped holes. Due to the hole diameter or slot widths on the one hand and by the tension of the elastic semi-permeable membrane stretched, a fluttering of the membrane sections stretched over the hole openings can be achieved by the said pulsation. As a result, the material throughput at the membrane can be increased and the membrane can be freed of deposits on the membrane. For this purpose, the low-frequency pulsation can be supported by high-frequency vibrations (ultrasound).

Conveniently, the first chamber within the device limits a continuous (contiguous) mixing chamber volume and the second chamber within the device by separate (separate from each other) sub-chambers with a respective sub-volume of the fluid supply chamber or

Fluid discharge chamber formed, wherein the sub-chambers upstream of the

Open device in a fluid supply manifold and open downstream of the device in a fluid discharge manifold.

Preferably, the sub-chambers of the second chamber are transverse to the mixing fluid flow direction of the first chamber extending transverse channels whose channel walls provided with a plurality of holes retaining wall and one on the

Have support wall spanned elastic membrane as a semipermeable membrane. These transverse channels are both obstacles / baffles of the static mixing chamber and distributors for the second fluid for its delivery (e.g.

Fumigation) or its removal (e.g., degassing).

Preferably, spaced transverse channels are provided with a circular or polygonal channel cross-section, wherein the transverse channels

preferably parallel to each other.

In order to optimize the packing density with transverse channels, it is preferable to provide a first plurality of transverse channels having a first channel cross-sectional area and a second plurality of transverse channels having a second channel cross-sectional area provided, wherein preferably the transverse channels of the first plurality of transverse channels and the second plurality of transverse channels are arranged uniformly distributed in the first chamber. This is advantageously used

Ratio between a second channel cross-sectional area and a first channel cross-sectional area in the range of 1/10 to 5/10.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a pressure source is in fluid communication with the first chamber or with the second chamber, which can generate a variable pressure. This pressure source allows pulsations, which in the area covered by the stretched elastic membrane holes leads to a "fluttering" of the elastic membrane, whereby the passage of the second fluid through the membrane is favored for its supply to the first fluid (eg fumigation) or Removal from the first fluid (eg degassing).

Conveniently, the transverse channels are secured to and extend through a first support (e.g., first wall plate) in the region of their respective first ends, the first support and transverse channels together forming a first assembly of the device. Furthermore, it is expedient if the

Transverse channels of the first assembly in the region of their respective second end extend through openings in a second carrier (e.g., second wall plate), the second carrier, together with further walls of the first chamber, forming a second assembly of the device. This allows a quick disassembly and assembly of the device for maintenance purposes (cleaning, membrane change).

Preferably, the transverse channels form the static mixing elements of the first

Chamber, i. the device is a static mixer whose deflection elements are hollow and via the inventive (semipermeable) membrane with the

Mixing chamber (partially) communicate.

The invention also provides a method of mixing and exchanging fluids using the apparatus described above, wherein a first fluid and a second fluid are delivered through the first chamber (mixing chamber) and the second fluid is delivered through the second chamber ,

The method can be used to Begasen a liquid, wherein a liquid-gas mixture is passed through the first chamber and through the second Chamber gas is passed, the pressure of which is greater than the pressure of the liquid-gas mixture in the first chamber.

The method can also be used for degassing a liquid, wherein a liquid-gas mixture is passed through the first chamber and the gas is passed through the second chamber, the pressure of which is lower than the pressure of the liquid-gas mixture in the first Chamber.

Preferably, during gassing or degassing, the pressure in the first chamber or the pressure in the second chamber is pulsed. There are in the

essentially two modes of operation with which the perforated support wall

spanned elastic semipermeable membrane is deflected by pulses or is avenged to fluttering.

According to a first variant of the gassing, the membrane is deflected perpendicular to the support wall only in the area of the holes of the support wall. This kind of

"Local" fluttering / vibrating membrane is favored by high

Membrane tension and high viscosity of the liquid with which the first chamber is completely filled.

According to a second variant of Begasenes the membrane over the

Wholly provided with holes area of the support wall deflected perpendicular to the support wall. This type of "global" flutter / vibration of the membrane will

favored by low membrane tension, low viscosity of the liquid and when the first chamber is only partially filled.

Due to the pulsatile membrane movements perpendicular to the perforated

Support surfaces not only favors the gassing or degassing of the liquid in the first chamber, but also pulses are transmitted to the liquid flowing in the first chamber. The second gas-carrying chamber can also be subdivided, so that a first part of the sub-chambers or the transverse channels

communicate with each other and another, hermetically separated from the first part of the sub-chambers or cross channels communicate with each other. The second

Chamber may be divided into several such parts. The respective parts of the second chamber can then be pulsed to each other with a time delay, whereby the flow behavior of the liquid in the first chamber can be influenced. Particularly advantageous in the method is the use of a device with hydrophobized membrane, wherein the liquid dissolved in water, emulsified in water or suspended in water substances. This can be eg

aqueous sweetener masses comprising sugar molecules dissolved in water, micro-aerated. In particular, mention should be made here of the micro-aerating of frosting.

Also particularly advantageous in the method is the use of a device with oleophobic membrane, wherein the liquid dissolved in fat or oil, emulsified in fat or oil or suspended in fat or oil substances. This can be used e.g. fat-based / oil-based confectionery masses, the sugar particles suspended in fat or oil, and e.g. Contain cocoa particles, micro-aerate and micro-vent. In particular, mention should be made here of the micro-venting or micro-venting of chocolate.

Further advantages, features and applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a non-limiting aufzufassenden embodiment with reference to the drawing, wherein

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the inventive device as

Sectional view of a part of the device shows;

Fig. 2 shows the first embodiment of the inventive device as

Sectional drawing of the device shows; and

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention as a sectional drawing of the device; and

Fig. 4 shows an enlarged detail of the detail C of Fig. 3.

In Fig. 1, a first embodiment of the inventive device is shown as a sectional drawing of a part of the device. Fig. 1 shows a section of the device for mixing and exchange of fluids, in particular for

Gassing or degassing a liquid F with a gas G. The cutting plane (drawing plane) is parallel to the predominant or prevailing

Flow direction of the liquid F in a first chamber 2. This

Flow direction is indicated by the meandering thick lines with arrows P1. From the device only a section is shown. Transverse through the first chamber 2, part chambers or transverse channels 4 extend through

tubular walls 6 are bounded with holes (not shown). About the punched tubular walls 6, an elastic membrane 7 is stretched, which is permeable to the gas G and is impermeable to the liquid F. The flow direction of the gas G in the case of the gasification of the liquid F is indicated by the respective twelve arrows P2 at each perforated tube 6. The device shown here can also be used for degassing. In the case of degassing would be the

Direction of the arrows P2 reversed.

In practice, further sub-chambers or transverse channels 2 can be arranged along the flow direction P1 upstream and downstream of the illustrated section and transversely to the flow direction P1 left and right of the illustrated section.

The housing of the first chamber 2 and the tubes of the transverse channels 4 may be made of metal, in particular of stainless steel or anodized aluminum, or of a polymer, in particular of polyester, e.g. Polyethylene terephthalate, or from

Polycarbonate exist.

The gas-permeable membrane (not shown separately) is a polymer membrane which is permeable to gas molecules such as O ₂ , N ₂ , CO ₂ and which is supported on a porous membrane

Carrier material (not shown separately) is applied and connected to this. Their effective pore size is in the range of 0.1 nm to 10 nm, while the carrier material has a much larger effective pore size. The size of the "pores" of the carrier material is expediently a multiple of the effective pore size of the membrane and is preferably in the range of 0.1 μm to 10 μm, thereby ensuring that large molecules, such as fat molecules or sugar molecules of food masses, or for agglomeration (clustering tending water molecules can not pass through the membrane, while the small, non-agglomerated gas molecules can easily pass through the membrane 7.

As the material for the gas-permeable membrane, one of the following polymers may be used: cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose nitrate (CN), cellulose ester (CE), polysulfone (PS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polyamide (PA),

Polyimide (PI), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polyurethane (PU). Particularly preferred as a gas-permeable membrane material are PS (repellent surface) and PU (high ductility). The thickness of the gas-permeable membrane is about 100 microns.

As a carrier material for stabilizing the gas-permeable membrane may be

Nonwoven material, a textile material, e.g. made of polyester, or another porous, but elastically extensible material can be used, the effective pore size is much larger than the effective pore size of the gas-permeable membrane.

The elastic membrane 7 is a hose-like structure and can be mounted in a stretched state on the tubular walls 6 of the transverse channels 4.

The essential operating parameters for the gasification and degassing of the liquid F with gas G are: effective pore size of the membrane 7, pressure difference between the liquid-carrying first chamber 2 and the gas-conducting second chamber 4, flow rate of the liquid F, temperature / viscosity of the liquid F, cross-sectional shape of the Cross channels 4 (eg circular, lenticular, polygonal, in particular triangular or hexagonal), pressure difference amplitude and frequency of the pulsation of the gas G and / or the liquid F.

In the fumigation or degassing of liquids that are at

Operating temperatures of about 10 ° occur with liquids dissolved in water, emulsified in water or suspended in water particles or which are liquids with dissolved in fat or oil, emulsified in fat or oil or suspended in fat or oil particles C up to about 100 ⁰ C on. At these temperatures, the polymer materials mentioned above are stable and are therefore suitable for fumigation and / or degassing in such

Liquids.

In Fig. 2, the first embodiment of the inventive device is shown as a sectional drawing of the device. Fig. 2 shows a parallel to

prevailing flow direction of the liquid F extending section of the device for mixing and exchange of fluids, in particular for gassing or degassing of the liquid F with a gas G. The cutting plane

(Drawing plane) is parallel to the prevailing or prevailing

Flow direction of the liquid F in the first chamber. 2 At the upstream end, the device has an inlet 11 which opens into the first chamber 2. At the downstream end, the device has an outlet 12, which opens out of the first chamber 2 out. This flow direction is indicated by the meandering thick lines with arrows P1. Transverse through the first chamber 2 and transversely to the flow direction of the liquid F extend the sub-chambers or transverse channels 4, which are bounded by the tubular walls 6. These walls are shown schematically with alternating bright and dark areas, the bright areas representing the relatively large holes of the dark wall. About the perforated tubular walls 6, the elastic membrane 7 is stretched, which is permeable to the gas G and for the liquid F is impermeable. The gas G flowing in the interior of the transverse channels 4 passes through the wall 6 and the membrane 7 stretched over it, thus entering the liquid F. flowing in the chamber 2.

In Fig. 3, a second embodiment of the inventive device is shown as a sectional drawing of the device. Fig. 3 shows a parallel to

prevailing flow direction of the liquid F extending section of the device for mixing and exchange of fluids, in particular for degassing or degassing of the liquid F with a gas G. The elements of Fig. 3, the elements of Fig. 2 are identical or identical to those bear the same reference numerals as in Fig. 2, but are provided with a dash. The cutting plane (drawing plane) runs parallel to the predominant or prevailing one

Flow direction of the liquid F in the first chamber 2 '.

At the upstream end, the device has an inlet 11 ', which opens into the first chamber 2'. At the downstream end, the device has an outlet 12 'which opens out of the first chamber 2'. At the upstream end, the device has a first distributor 13, which opens into transverse chambers or secondary chambers 4 '. At the downstream end, the device has a second manifold 14 which opens out of the transverse chambers 4 '. The flow direction of the liquid F is indicated by the arrows P1 '. Transverse through the first chamber 2 'and transversely to the flow direction of the liquid F extend sub-chambers or transverse channels 4', which are bounded by zigzag walls 6 '. These walls are shown schematically with alternating bright and dark areas, the bright areas representing the relatively large holes of the dark wall. About the perforated zigzag walls 6 'is an elastic membrane

7 'stretched or attached to isolated points of the walls 6', which is permeable to the gas G and for the liquid F is impermeable. The inside of the

Transverse channels 4 'flowing gas G passes through the wall 6' and the diaphragm 7 'arranged above it and thus passes into the liquid F flowing in the chamber 2'. Both the chamber 2 ', in which the liquid flows, and the transverse chambers 4 ', in which the gas flows G, have a zigzag geometry.

The second embodiment shown in Fig. 3 allows for a given flow direction of the liquid F in the first chamber 2 'a

Countercurrent gas or a DC gas with the gas G.

Of course, here is a transverse gassing as in the first

Embodiment is possible, if one the first manifold 13 and the second manifold 14 left or right of the chamber 2 '(i.e., in FIG.

below the cut / plot level).

In Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail of the detail C of Fig. 3 is shown.

In particular, one recognizes here the manifold 13, with the secondary chambers

4 'communicates.

Claims

claims

An apparatus for mixing and exchanging fluids, comprising a first chamber (2) and a second chamber (4) adjacent the first chamber, the first chamber (2) being one of at least a first fluid (F) and a second fluid (G) is a mixing chamber through which mixing mixing elements (6) can flow, in a mixing fluid flow direction, and the second chamber (4) is a fluid supply chamber or fluid discharge chamber through which the second fluid (G) flows, at least in part of the boundary between the volume of the first chamber (2) and the volume of the second chamber (4) is arranged a semipermeable membrane (7) which is impermeable to molecules or molecular agglomerates of the first fluid (F) and permeable to molecules or molecular agglomerates of the second fluid (G) characterized in that the membrane (7) consists of a material or is coated with a material to which at least the molecules or molecular agglomerates of one of the two Fluids (F) have a low affinity.

2. Apparatus for mixing and replacing fluids, in particular according to claim 1, with a first chamber (2) and one to the first chamber

adjoining second chamber (4), wherein the first chamber is one of at least a first fluid (F) and a second fluid (G) in a mixed fluid flow direction through which mixing mixing chamber with static mixing elements (6) and the second chamber (4) one of the second fluid (G) can be flowed through fluid supply chamber or fluid discharge chamber, wherein at least in part of the boundary region between the volume of the first chamber (2) and the volume of the second chamber (4) a semipermeable membrane (7) is arranged for

Is impermeable to molecules or molecular agglomerates of the first fluid (F) and permeable to molecules or molecular agglomerates of the second fluid (G), characterized in that the semi-permeable membrane (7) is an elastic membrane which is one of a plurality provided by holes provided support wall (6) is clamped.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the

semipermeable membrane is a hydrophobic (water repellent) membrane.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the

semipermeable membrane is an oleophobic (oil repellent) membrane.

5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the support wall has circular holes.

6. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the support wall has slot-shaped holes.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first chamber within the device limits a continuous (contiguous) mixing chamber volume, and that the second chamber within the

Device is formed by separate (separate from each other) sub-chambers with a respective sub-volume of the fluid supply chamber or fluid discharge chamber, the sub-chambers open upstream of the device in a fluid supply manifold and open downstream of the device in a fluid discharge manifold.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sub-chambers of the second chamber are transverse to the mixing fluid flow direction of the first chamber extending transverse channels whose channel walls one with a plurality of

Holes have provided support wall and a clamped on the support wall elastic membrane as a semipermeable membrane.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises spaced-apart transverse channels with a circular channel cross-section.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it comprises spaced-apart transverse channels with polygonal channel cross-section.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the

Cross channels run parallel to each other.

Apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a first plurality of transverse channels having a first channel cross-sectional area and a second plurality of transverse channels having a second channel cross-sectional area.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the transverse channels of the first plurality of transverse channels and the second plurality of transverse channels are arranged uniformly distributed in the first chamber.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 or 13, dadaurch characterized in that the ratio between a second channel cross-sectional area and a first channel cross-sectional area in the range of 1/10 to 5/10.

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that with the first chamber or with the second chamber, a pressure source in

Fluid connection is that can produce a variable pressure.

16. Device according to one of claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the transverse channels are fastened in the region of their respective first end to a first carrier (eg first wall plate) and extend therethrough, wherein the first carrier and the transverse channels together first assembly of

Form device.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the transverse channels of the first assembly in the region of their respective second end through

Openings in a second carrier (for example, second wall plate) extend therethrough, wherein the second carrier together with further walls of the first chamber form a second assembly of the device.

18. Device according to one of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that the transverse channels form the static mixing elements of the first chamber.

A method of mixing and exchanging fluids using a device according to any of claims 1 to 18, wherein a first fluid and a second fluid are delivered through the first chamber (mixing chamber) and the second fluid is delivered through the second chamber ,

20. The method of claim 19 for gassing a liquid, characterized

characterized in that a liquid-gas mixture is passed through the first chamber and the gas is passed through the second chamber, the pressure of which is greater than the pressure of the liquid-gas mixture in the first chamber.

21. The method according to claim 19 for degassing a liquid, characterized

characterized in that a liquid-gas mixture is passed through the first chamber and the gas is passed through the second chamber, the pressure of which is lower than the pressure of the liquid-gas mixture in the first chamber.

22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that during the gassing or degassing, the pressure in the first chamber or the pressure in the second chamber is pulsed.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22 using a

A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the liquid has dissolved in water, emulsified in water or suspended in water substances.

24. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22 using a

A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the liquid has dissolved in fat or oil, emulsified in fat or oil or suspended in fat or oil substances.