EP2435265A1 - Pumped loop driven vapor compression cooling system - Google Patents
Pumped loop driven vapor compression cooling systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2435265A1 EP2435265A1 EP10721080A EP10721080A EP2435265A1 EP 2435265 A1 EP2435265 A1 EP 2435265A1 EP 10721080 A EP10721080 A EP 10721080A EP 10721080 A EP10721080 A EP 10721080A EP 2435265 A1 EP2435265 A1 EP 2435265A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid circuit
- fluid
- cooling
- liquid
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
- H05K7/20927—Liquid coolant without phase change
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to a cooling system and method for cooling heat generating components, and in particular to a dual cooling system for providing cooling at two or more temperature levels and heat loads.
- At least one embodiment of the invention provides a cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and a plurality of electronic heat sources thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
- At least one embodiment of the invention provides an electric hybrid vehicle cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and an inverter drive thermally coupled to a cold plate; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve, wherein the second fluid circuit provides cooling to a battery module of the vehicle; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
- An electric hybrid vehicle cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and an inverter drive thermally coupled to a cold plate; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve, wherein the second fluid circuit cools the passenger compartment of the vehicle; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pumped loop/vapor compression cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention wherein the components to be cooled in the pumped loop portion are shown in parallel;
- FIG. 2 is a pressure enthalpy diagram for a refrigerant showing the first and second cooling circuits of the cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pumped loop/vapor compression cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention wherein the components to be cooled in the pumped loop portion are shown in series.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of a pumped loop/vapor compression cooling system 10 is shown in schematic form in FIG. 1.
- the system 10 comprises a first closed loop fluid circuit 20 and a second closed loop fluid circuit 30.
- the first fluid circuit 20 provides the primary two-phase refrigerant cooling cycle and comprises a condenser 22 (having cool ambient air 50 flowing therethrough), a pump 24, and a plurality of electronic heat sources mounted on or thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates 26, shown fluidly connected in parallel.
- the second fluid circuit 30 provides a secondary vapor compression refrigeration cycle and comprises a compressor 32, an evaporator 34 (having hot ambient air 52 flowing therethrough), and an expansion valve 36.
- a liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40 is positioned in the second fluid circuit and in the first fluid circuit in parallel with the plurality of cold plates 26.
- the heat exchanger 40 acts as an evaporator for the first circuit 20 and as a condenser for the second circuit 30.
- the fluid circuits 20, 30 may include additional components as needed such as a liquid reservoir 28 positioned between the condenser 22 and pump 24.
- the evaporator 34 may exist as a cold plate evaporator of a cabinet chiller.
- FIG. 2 shows a pressure enthalpy diagram for a R-134a refrigerant showing the relationship of pressure versus enthalpy for the two phase cooling cycle of the first circuit 20 and the vapor compression refrigeration cycle of the second circuit 30.
- the numbers on the diagram represent the locations of the fluid in the system as shown in FIG. 1 , with positions 1-3 being located in the first fluid circuit 20 and positions 4-7 being located in the second fluid circuit 30.
- the dotted line represents the liquid to liquid heat transfer between the circuits 20, 30.
- the refrigerant fluid exists as a sub-cooled liquid prior to entry into either the plurality of cold plates 26 or the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40. Heat is added to the fluid which partially evaporates while passing the plurality of cold plates 26 or the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40 to the position designated at 2.
- the cool ambient air 52 cools the partially evaporated fluid to a liquid phase which travels to the liquid reservoir 28 until needed by the pump 24.
- the position 3 represent the slightly sub-cooled fluid entering the pump 24 which increases the fluid pressure, returning the sub-cooled fluid to the first position 1.
- the refrigerant exists as a slightly superheated vapor that enters the compressor 32 increasing the pressure and enthalpy by compressing the superheated vapor shown at position 5 ready for entry into the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40.
- the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40 cools the superheated vapor to a sub-cooled liquid shown at position 6 exiting the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40.
- the expansion valve 36 reduces the pressure of the sub-cooled liquid which partially vaporizes the fluid prior to entering the evaporator 34 as shown at position 7.
- the hot ambient air 50 entering the evaporator 34 causes the partially vaporized fluid to change to a superheated vapor exiting the evaporator 34 as shown again at position 4.
- the cooling system 10' is the same as the cooling system of FIG. 1 except that the pumped loop or first fluid circuit 20' comprises a plurality of electronic heat sources mounted on or thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates 26, shown fluidly connected in series.
- the dual cooling system 10 provides a complete electronics cooling package for use in high ambient temperature applications.
- Specific applications may include, but are not limited to, power electronics converter and inverter drives, and hybrid electric vehicles.
- the primary pumped two-phase refrigerant cooling system is used for providing high-temperature cooling to IGBTs and other electronic components.
- the secondary vapor compression system is used to provide low- temperature cooling to the drive cabinet, thereby eliminating the need of an external air conditioner.
- hybrid electric vehicles the primary pumped two- phase refrigerant cooling system is used for providing high-temperature cooling to the inverter drive.
- the secondary vapor compression system is used to provide low-temperature cooling to the battery module (i.e. such as Li-ion cells) or passenger compartment cooling, thereby eliminating the need for a special cooling solution for the battery module which requires lower temperature cooling.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
A cooling system is provided that combines a two-phase refrigerant pumped loop cooling circuit and a vapor compression loop circuit in a complete electronics cooling package for use in high ambient temperature applications. Specific applications may include, but are not limited to, power electronics converter and inverter drives, and hybrid electric vehicles. In hybrid electric vehicle applications, the primary pumped two-phase refrigerant cooling system is used for providing high-temperature cooling to the inverter drive. The secondary vapor compression system is used to provide low-temperature cooling to the battery module (i.e. such as Li-ion cells) or passenger compartment cooling, thereby eliminating the need for a special cooling solution for the battery module which requires lower temperature cooling.
Description
PUMPED LOOP DRIVEN VAPOR COMPRESSION COOLING SYSTEM
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/182,237, filed May 29, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates, in general, to a cooling system and method for cooling heat generating components, and in particular to a dual cooling system for providing cooling at two or more temperature levels and heat loads.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Electrical and electronic components (e.g. microprocessors, IGBT's, power semiconductors etc.) housed on a rack in a cabinet are most often cooled by air-cooled heat sinks with extended surfaces, directly attached to the surface to be cooled. A fan or blower moves air across the heat sink fins, removing the heat generated by the component. With increasing power densities, miniaturization of components, and shrinking of packaging, it is sometimes not possible to adequately cool electrical and electronic components
with heat sinks and forced air flows. When this occurs, other methods must be employed to remove heat from the components.
SUMMARY
[0004] At least one embodiment of the invention provides a cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and a plurality of electronic heat sources thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
[0005] At least one embodiment of the invention provides an electric hybrid vehicle cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and an inverter drive thermally coupled to a cold plate; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve, wherein the second fluid circuit provides cooling to a battery module of the vehicle; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
[0006] An electric hybrid vehicle cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and an inverter drive thermally coupled to a cold plate; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve, wherein the second fluid circuit cools the passenger compartment of the vehicle; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Embodiments of this invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pumped loop/vapor compression cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention wherein the components to be cooled in the pumped loop portion are shown in parallel;
[0009] FIG. 2 is a pressure enthalpy diagram for a refrigerant showing the first and second cooling circuits of the cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
[0010] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pumped loop/vapor compression cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention wherein the components to be cooled in the pumped loop portion are shown in series.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] An embodiment of a pumped loop/vapor compression cooling system 10 is shown in schematic form in FIG. 1. The system 10 comprises a first closed loop fluid circuit 20 and a second closed loop fluid circuit 30. The first fluid circuit 20 provides the primary two-phase refrigerant cooling cycle and comprises a condenser 22 (having cool ambient air 50 flowing therethrough), a pump 24, and a plurality of electronic heat sources mounted on or thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates 26, shown fluidly connected in parallel. The second fluid circuit 30 provides a secondary vapor compression refrigeration cycle and comprises a compressor 32, an evaporator 34 (having hot ambient air 52 flowing therethrough), and an expansion valve 36. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40 is positioned in the second fluid circuit and in the first fluid circuit in parallel with the plurality of cold plates 26. The heat exchanger 40 acts as an evaporator for the first circuit 20 and as a condenser for the second circuit 30.
[0012] The fluid circuits 20, 30 may include additional components as needed such as a liquid reservoir 28 positioned between the condenser 22 and
pump 24. The evaporator 34 may exist as a cold plate evaporator of a cabinet chiller.
[0013] Operation of the system 10 is described herein with respect to FIG. 2 which shows a pressure enthalpy diagram for a R-134a refrigerant showing the relationship of pressure versus enthalpy for the two phase cooling cycle of the first circuit 20 and the vapor compression refrigeration cycle of the second circuit 30. The numbers on the diagram represent the locations of the fluid in the system as shown in FIG. 1 , with positions 1-3 being located in the first fluid circuit 20 and positions 4-7 being located in the second fluid circuit 30. The dotted line represents the liquid to liquid heat transfer between the circuits 20, 30.
[0014] Referring to the two-phase cooling cycle of the first circuit 20, at position 1 the refrigerant fluid exists as a sub-cooled liquid prior to entry into either the plurality of cold plates 26 or the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40. Heat is added to the fluid which partially evaporates while passing the plurality of cold plates 26 or the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40 to the position designated at 2. The cool ambient air 52 cools the partially evaporated fluid to a liquid phase which travels to the liquid reservoir 28 until needed by the pump 24. The position 3 represent the slightly sub-cooled fluid entering the pump 24 which increases the fluid pressure, returning the sub-cooled fluid to the first position 1.
[0015] Referring to the vapor compression refrigeration cycle of the second circuit 30, at position 4 the refrigerant exists as a slightly superheated vapor that enters the compressor 32 increasing the pressure and enthalpy by compressing the superheated vapor shown at position 5 ready for entry into the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40. The liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40 cools the superheated vapor to a sub-cooled liquid shown at position 6 exiting the liquid to liquid heat exchanger 40. The expansion valve 36 reduces the pressure of the sub-cooled liquid which partially vaporizes the fluid prior to entering the evaporator 34 as shown at position 7. The hot ambient air 50 entering the evaporator 34 causes the partially vaporized fluid to change to a superheated vapor exiting the evaporator 34 as shown again at position 4.
[0016] In another embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 3, the cooling system 10' is the same as the cooling system of FIG. 1 except that the pumped loop or first fluid circuit 20' comprises a plurality of electronic heat sources mounted on or thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates 26, shown fluidly connected in series.
[0017] In use, the dual cooling system 10 provides a complete electronics cooling package for use in high ambient temperature applications. Specific applications may include, but are not limited to, power electronics converter and inverter drives, and hybrid electric vehicles. In power electronics converter and inverter drives, the primary pumped two-phase refrigerant cooling system is
used for providing high-temperature cooling to IGBTs and other electronic components. The secondary vapor compression system is used to provide low- temperature cooling to the drive cabinet, thereby eliminating the need of an external air conditioner. In hybrid electric vehicles, the primary pumped two- phase refrigerant cooling system is used for providing high-temperature cooling to the inverter drive. The secondary vapor compression system is used to provide low-temperature cooling to the battery module (i.e. such as Li-ion cells) or passenger compartment cooling, thereby eliminating the need for a special cooling solution for the battery module which requires lower temperature cooling.
[0018] Although the principles, embodiments and operation of the present invention have been described in detail herein, this is not to be construed as being limited to the particular illustrative forms disclosed. They will thus become apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications of the embodiments herein can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1 , A cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and a plurality of electronic heat sources thermally coupled to a plurality of cold plates; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first loop further comprises a liquid reservoir between the condenser and the pump.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cold plates of the first fluid circuit are fluidly connected in parallel.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cold plates of the first fluid circuit are fluidly connected in series.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the liquid to liquid heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the first circuit in parallel with the plurality of cold plates.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the liquid to liquid heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the first circuit in series with the plurality of cold plates.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein a source of hot ambient air is directed through the evaporator of the second fluid circuit.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the source of hot ambient air is obtained from air surrounding the electronic heat sources.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein a source of cool ambient air is directed through the condenser of the first fluid circuit.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the source of cool ambient air is obtained from a source of air outside the cooling system.
11. An electric hybrid vehicle cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and an inverter drive thermally coupled to a cold plate; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve, wherein the second fluid circuit provides cooling to a battery module of the vehicle; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first loop further comprises a liquid reservoir between the condenser and the pump.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein a source of hot ambient air is directed through the evaporator of the second fluid circuit.
14. The system of claim 17, wherein the source of hot ambient air is obtained from air surrounding the battery module.
15. An electric hybrid vehicle cooling system comprising: a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit; the first fluid circuit having a condenser, a pump, and an inverter drive thermally coupled to a cold plate; the second fluid circuit having a compressor, an evaporator, and an expansion valve, wherein the second fluid circuit cools the passenger compartment of the vehicle; and a liquid to liquid heat exchanger positioned in the first and second fluid circuits such that a second fluid flowing through the second fluid circuit is cooled by a first fluid flowing through the first fluid circuit.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first loop further comprises a liquid reservoir between the condenser and the pump.
17. The system of claim 11 , wherein a source of hot ambient air is directed through the evaporator of the second fluid circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18223709P | 2009-05-29 | 2009-05-29 | |
PCT/US2010/036311 WO2010138664A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-05-27 | Pumped loop driven vapor compression cooling system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2435265A1 true EP2435265A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
Family
ID=42562527
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10721080A Withdrawn EP2435265A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-05-27 | Pumped loop driven vapor compression cooling system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120186290A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2435265A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012528296A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120036811A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2763487A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010138664A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12355053B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2025-07-08 | Ge Grid Solutions Llc | Systems and methods for cooling power electronics in an energy storage system |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012174062A1 (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-12-20 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Pumped loop cooling system |
WO2013003853A2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Pumped liquid cooling system using a phase change fluid with additional sub-ambient cooling |
US9605887B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2017-03-28 | Hdt Expeditionary Systems, Inc. | Transportable packaged ice supply system for high temperature environments |
US9839158B2 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2017-12-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Vapor cycle convective cooling of electronics |
US9560790B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2017-01-31 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Power electronics cooling system with two-phase cooler |
EP3232470B1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-01-02 | ABB Schweiz AG | Cooling of wide bandgap semiconductor devices |
US10638648B2 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2020-04-28 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd. | Cooling system with pressure regulation |
US9894815B1 (en) | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-13 | General Electric Company | Heat removal assembly for use with a power converter |
CN111993860B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-02-25 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Vehicle refrigeration system control method, equipment, storage medium and device |
CN112976999B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-07-22 | 吉林大学 | Integrated thermal management system for multi-heat-source direct-current energy storage device and control method |
PL4098964T3 (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-07-24 | Ovh | Cooling arrangement comprising a closed loop, a semi-open loop and at least one fan |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5906108A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1999-05-25 | Kidwell Environmental, Ltd., Inc. | Centrifugal heat transfer engine and heat transfer system embodying the same |
DE19532136A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Drive system, in particular for a motor vehicle, and method for operating the same |
FR2806038B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-09-06 | Valeo Climatisation | DEVICE FOR HEATING AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING THE INTERIOR OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
FR2808738B1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2002-08-23 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | IMPROVED HEAT PUMP THERMAL REGULATION DEVICE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
US6631624B1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2003-10-14 | Rocky Research | Phase-change heat transfer coupling for aqua-ammonia absorption systems |
FR2830926B1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2004-04-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | THERMAL REGULATION DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, IN PARTICULAR OF THE ELECTRIC OR HYBRID TYPE |
FR2834778B1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2004-04-16 | Renault | THERMAL MANAGEMENT DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A FUEL CELL |
US6705089B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-03-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Two stage cooling system employing thermoelectric modules |
US7093458B2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2006-08-22 | The Boeing Company | System and method of refrigerating at least one enclosure |
JP2005009822A (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2005-01-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Cooling device of vehicular electronic equipment |
JP4323307B2 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2009-09-02 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | Vehicle heat exchanger system |
US20070209378A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Larson Gerald L | Vehicle integrated power and control strategy for cold plate refrigeration system |
US7789176B2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2010-09-07 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Electric vehicle thermal management system |
US20080295535A1 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-04 | Robinet Kevin J | Active high voltage liquid cooled thermal management system |
JP2008309393A (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-25 | Toyo Eng Works Ltd | Cooling system |
JP2009085060A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | Rankine cycle system |
-
2010
- 2010-05-27 CA CA2763487A patent/CA2763487A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-05-27 KR KR1020117028268A patent/KR20120036811A/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-05-27 WO PCT/US2010/036311 patent/WO2010138664A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-05-27 US US13/382,203 patent/US20120186290A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-05-27 JP JP2012513240A patent/JP2012528296A/en active Pending
- 2010-05-27 EP EP10721080A patent/EP2435265A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12355053B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2025-07-08 | Ge Grid Solutions Llc | Systems and methods for cooling power electronics in an energy storage system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2012528296A (en) | 2012-11-12 |
CA2763487A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
WO2010138664A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
KR20120036811A (en) | 2012-04-18 |
US20120186290A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20120186290A1 (en) | Pumped loop driven vapor compression cooling system | |
CN109477696B (en) | Equipment temperature adjusting device | |
US20120304674A1 (en) | Climate control system for a vehicle and method for controlling temperature | |
JP5737424B2 (en) | Cooling device for electrical equipment | |
WO2018047534A1 (en) | Instrument temperature adjustment device | |
KR20150031574A (en) | An air conditioner | |
US20140202189A1 (en) | Pumped loop cooling system | |
WO2010096355A2 (en) | Cooling system utilizing multiple cold plates | |
US20200329585A1 (en) | Cooling system, in particular for electronics cabinets, and electronics cabinet with a cooling system | |
US7603871B2 (en) | High-flow cold air chiller | |
ES2878038T3 (en) | Cooler Compressor Oil Conditioning | |
US20240042829A1 (en) | Refrigerant circuit for a vehicle, and method for controlling such a circuit | |
EP2640176B1 (en) | Vapor cycle convective cooling of electronics | |
JP5529432B2 (en) | Heat pump equipment | |
US20220332169A1 (en) | Coolant circuit for vehicle and method for controlling such a circuit | |
JPWO2017051532A1 (en) | Cooling system and cooling method | |
Ayers et al. | Fundamentals of a floating loop concept based on R134a refrigerant cooling of high heat flux electronics | |
JP2012140060A (en) | Cooling system | |
JP2006317044A (en) | Heating element cooling system | |
JP5582808B2 (en) | Refrigeration cycle system | |
JP2017145973A (en) | Heat transport system | |
KR101240983B1 (en) | Multi-cooling module for vehicle | |
JP2014124979A (en) | Vehicle heat pump device | |
JP2020159610A (en) | Heat transport system | |
WO2016047017A1 (en) | Heat transport system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20111103 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20130620 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20131031 |