EP2400591A1 - Antenna structure with improved signal/noise ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement (100) has a coupling electrode (36, 36') electrically coupled to a conductive coating (6) for extracting interfering signals of interference sources (39, 39') from a flat top antenna. The electrode comprises coupling surfaces (40, 40'), and a conductive structure comprises another coupling surface that is capacitively coupled to the former coupling surfaces. The coupling surfaces are designed such that the coupling surfaces selectively allow transmission of a frequency range that corresponds to the interfering signals to be extracted from the flat top antenna. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating an antenna arrangement.

Description

The invention relates to an antenna assembly with an antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, and a method for operating such an antenna assembly.

Substrates with electrically conductive coatings have already been described many times in the patent literature. By way of example only, reference is made to the documents DE 19858227 C1 . DE 10200705286 . DE 102008018147 A1 and DE 102008029986 A1 directed. As a rule, the conductive coating serves for reflection of heat rays and thus, for example, in motor vehicles or in buildings for improving the thermal comfort. In many cases, it is also used as a heating layer to heat a transparent pane over its entire surface electrically.

For example, from the publications DE 10106125 A1 . DE 10319606 A1 . EP 0720249 A2 . US 2003/0112190 A1 and DE 19843338 C2 is known, transparent coatings can also be used as surface antennas for receiving electromagnetic waves because of their electrical conductivity. For this purpose, the conductive coating is galvanically or capacitively coupled to a coupling electrode and the antenna signal is provided in the edge region of the disk. Usually, the antenna signal is supplied to an antenna amplifier, which is connected in particular to the electrically conductive body in motor vehicles, whereby a high frequency technically effective reference potential for the antenna signal is predetermined by this electrical connection. The usable antenna voltage results from the difference between the reference potential and the potential of the antenna signal.

Now, with the planar antenna, due to the large antenna area, electromagnetic signals can be received within a relatively large space. This has the consequence, for example in motor vehicles, that in addition to the useful signals, unwanted interference signals from electrical devices such as cameras, sensors, instrument panel, engine control unit and the like can also be received by the planar antenna. Due to this noise, the signal / noise ratio (SNR = s ignal n oise ratio) of the planar antenna can significantly deteriorate.

A common way to improve the signal-to-noise ratio is to avoid spurious signals by filtering and shielding the sources of interference. In addition, the influence of interference signals can be reduced if a relatively large geometric distance between sources of interference and surface antenna is maintained. In practice, however, the implementation of these requirements is usually associated with difficulties. On the one hand, suppression and shielding of sources of interference is technically complex and involves relatively high costs. On the other hand, a correspondingly large spatial distance between sources of interference and surface antenna can often not be met, for example in the case of a front engine and an applied to the windshield surface antenna. To make matters worse, that in modern vehicles often electrical equipment in the area of the foot of the rear view mirror are provided, which can act as sources of interference for a surface antenna on the windshield. If appropriate, a useful remedy can only be achieved by applying the planar antenna to the rear window. In contrast, the object of the present invention is to develop a conventional antenna structure with an area antenna so that useful signals can be received with a satisfactory signal / noise ratio despite the presence of interference sources that radiate noise to the surface antenna. Furthermore, such an antenna assembly in mass production should be simple and inexpensive to produce, and work reliably and safely. These and other objects are achieved according to the proposal of the invention by antenna structures with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated by the features of the subclaims.

The antenna structure of the present invention comprises at least one electrically insulating, preferably transparent substrate, and at least one electrically conductive, preferably transparent coating which at least partially covers at least one surface of the substrate and at least partially serves as a planar antenna (surface antenna) for receiving electromagnetic waves. The conductive coating is adapted for use as a planar antenna and For this purpose, it can cover the substrate over a large area. Due to the fact that it can also be used to transmit electromagnetic waves, the planar antenna is referred to here and below as a "surface radiator". The antenna structure can be realized for example in the form of a single-pane glass. Alternatively, the antenna structure according to the invention can be realized, for example, in the form of a composite pane. As a rule, the composite pane comprises two preferably transparent first substrates, which correspond to an inner and outer pane, which are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic adhesive layer. The conductive coating may be located on at least one surface of at least one of the first two substrates of the composite pane. In addition, the composite pane can be provided with a further second substrate, which is different from the first substrate and which is located between the two first substrates. The second substrate, in addition to or as an alternative to the first substrates, can serve as a carrier for the conductive coating, wherein at least one surface of the second substrate is provided with the conductive coating.

The antenna structure according to the invention furthermore comprises at least one first coupling electrode electrically coupled to the conductive coating for coupling useful signals out of the planar antenna. The first coupling electrode may, for example, be capacitively or galvanically coupled to the conductive coating.

Furthermore, the antenna structure according to the invention comprises at least one second coupling electrode electrically coupled to the conductive coating for coupling interference signals from at least one external interference source from the planar antenna. The second coupling electrode may, for example, be capacitively or galvanically coupled to the conductive coating.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode is electrically coupled to an electrical ground or ground and thereby designed so that it is selectively permeable for a pre-definable frequency range, which preferably corresponds to the frequency range of the interference signals to be coupled out of the planar antenna. The second coupling electrode is preferably above for a frequency range a cut-off frequency of 170 MHz selectively permeable. In addition, the second coupling electrode is arranged near the first coupling electrode.

Generally, antenna signals at the various coupling electrodes are coupled depending on the potential difference and distance to a surface portion of the surface coating antenna conductive coating: the greater the potential difference between a surface portion of the conductive coating and the coupling electrode and the smaller the distance to this surface portion, the more signal is decouple the coupling electrode (and the less signal is then coupled out at another, "competing" coupling electrode).

In the antenna structure according to the invention according to the first aspect of the invention can be achieved by the spatially close arrangement of the two coupling electrodes that occurring during signal reception potential differences are substantially equal for both coupling electrodes. Due to the frequency-selective transmission behavior of the second coupling electrode, it can furthermore be achieved that interference signals are coupled out via the second coupling electrode and useful signals via the first coupling electrode. Due to the spatially close arrangement of the two coupling electrodes can also be achieved that noise of all interfering with the surface antenna interference sources above the threshold or passage frequency of the second coupling electrode reliably and safely be coupled out of the surface antenna. The signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be significantly improved.

In an advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the first aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode has a distance from the first coupling electrode which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals to be coupled out of the planar antenna. By this measure, the signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be further improved.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode is electrically coupled to an electrical ground, and further between a surface zone of the conductive coating (hereinafter referred to as "noise source area zone") whose points are closest to the noise source, and the first Coupling electrode arranged. By arranged between the Störquellenflächezone and the first coupling electrode second coupling electrode can be carried out in a beneficial manner, a spatially selective coupling out of interfering signals from the surface antenna, without significantly affecting the reception of useful signals. Due to the distance condition between the disturbance source and the disturbance source area zone, disturbance signals of the disturbance source in the disturbance source area zone having a largest signal amplitude or signal intensity are received. When the signal reception of the interference signals occurring potential differences between a Störquellenflächezone containing surface portion of the conductive coating and the second coupling electrode are thus greater than potential differences between this surface portion and the first coupling electrode, so that the noise signals are mainly coupled out from the second coupling electrode. Generally, the shape of the noise source area zone depends on the shape of the noise source. In addition, by the spatial position of the second coupling electrode between the Störquellenflächenzone and the first coupling electrode, a preferred coupling of interference signals can be achieved by the second coupling electrode. The first coupling electrode can furthermore receive useful signals from surface sections of the planar antenna, which are coupled out predominantly from the first coupling electrode. The signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be significantly improved.

Such an arrangement of the second coupling electrode between the Störquellenflächenzone and the first coupling electrode can be realized in an advantageous manner in the antenna structure according to the first aspect of the invention, whereby a further improvement of the signal / noise ratio of the planar antenna can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the second aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode has a distance from the first coupling electrode which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals, whereby a further improvement of the signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be achieved.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the second aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode has a distance from the Störquellenflächezone, which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals is, whereby a further improvement of the signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be achieved.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode is electrically coupled to an electrical ground and also located near a Störquellenflächezone the conductive coating whose points have a shortest distance from the source of interference and thus a maximum signal amplitude with respect to the noise of the source of interference. By means of the second coupling electrode, a spatially selective decoupling of interference signals from the planar antenna can take place in an advantageous manner, without substantially impairing the reception of useful signals. The close arrangement of the second coupling electrode at the Störquellenflächezone causes upon receipt of the interference signals of the interference source potential differences between a Störquellenflächezone containing surface portion of the surface antenna and the second coupling electrode, which are larger than potential differences between this surface portion and the first coupling electrode, so that the interference signals predominantly from the second coupling electrode are coupled out. For this purpose, a geometric distance between the second coupling electrode and the Störquellenflächezone is less than a geometric distance between the first coupling electrode and the Störquellenflächezone. The first coupling electrode can furthermore receive useful signals from surface sections of the planar antenna in which potential differences occur which are greater than potential differences between a surface section containing the interference source surface zone and the first coupling electrode. The signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be significantly improved.

In an advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the third aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode has a distance from the Störquellenflächezone which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals. By this measure, the signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be further improved.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the third aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode between a Störquellenflächenzone the conductive coating whose points a shortest distance from the source of interference have, and arranged the first coupling electrode. By this measure, the signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be further improved.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the second and third aspects of the invention, the second coupling electrode is designed such that it is selectively permeable for a predeterminable frequency range, in particular a frequency range above 170 MHz. By this measure, the signal / noise ratio of the surface antenna can be further improved in a particularly effective manner.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the antenna assembly according to the first, second and third aspect of the invention, the second coupling electrode is formed in the form of a projecting edge portion of the conductive coating, which enables a particularly simple and cost-effective in mass production of the second coupling electrode. In particular, this measure allows a simple capacitive coupling with a conductive structure acting as a mass, for example a metallic vehicle body or a metallic window frame.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the antenna structure according to the first, second and third aspects of the invention, the second coupling electrode is capacitively coupled to a conductive structure acting as a ground. This measure allows a particularly simple mass connection of the second coupling electrode, wherein a frequency-selective transmission behavior of the second coupling electrode is adjustable in a simple manner by the capacitive properties of the electrical coupling. Alternatively, it is equally possible that the second coupling electrode with the interposition of a frequency-selective component, such as a capacitor, is galvanically coupled to the acting as a mass conductive structure. Due to the frequency-selective component, interference signals can be reliably and safely extracted from the planar antenna.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the antenna assembly according to the first, second and third aspect of the invention, the first coupling electrode with an unshielded, linear conductor, hereinafter referred to as "antenna conductor", is electrically coupled. The antenna conductor serves as a line antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves. In this case, the line-shaped conductor is located outside of a space which can be projected by orthogonal parallel projection on the surface antenna serving as a projection surface, whereby an antenna base of the line antenna becomes a common Antennenfußpunkt the line and surface antenna. The first coupling electrode may, for example, be capacitively or galvanically coupled electrically to the line-shaped antenna conductor. In this embodiment, the antenna structure thus has a hybrid structure of surface and line antenna.

The antenna conductor serves as a line antenna and is designed to be suitable for this purpose, that is to say it has a form suitable for reception in the desired frequency range. In contrast and in contrast to surface radiators, line antennas or line radiators have a geometric length (L) that exceeds their geometric width (B) by several orders of magnitude. The geometric length of a line radiator is the distance between antenna base and antenna tip, the geometric width of the vertical dimension. For linear emitters, the following relationship usually applies: LB ≥100. For the geometric height (H) there is usually a corresponding relationship L / H ≥100, wherein the geometric height (H) is a dimension which is perpendicular both to the length (L) and perpendicular to the width (B) is. By line emitters in the range of the terrestrial bands II to V, a satisfactory antenna signal can be provided. According to a definition of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU = I nternational T elecommunication U nion) is this is the frequency range from 87.5 MHz to 862 MHz (band II: 87.5-108 MHz, Volume III: 174-230 MHz, Vol. IV: 470-606 MHz, Vol. V: 606-862 MHz). However, line emitters in the upstream frequency range of band 1 (47-68 MHz) can no longer achieve a satisfactory reception performance. The same applies to frequencies below Band I.

What is essential in the hybrid antenna structure is that the antenna conductor is located outside a space defined by a projection operation, which is defined by the fact that each point of the space can be projected by an orthogonal parallel projection onto the conductive coating or surface antenna serving as the projection surface. If the conductive coating is only partially effective as an area antenna, serves as a projection surface only effective as a surface antenna part of the conductive coating. The antenna conductor is thus not located in the space defined by the projection operation. As usual, in the parallel projection, the projection beams are parallel to each other and meet at right angles to the Proj ektionsfläche, which is given in the present case by serving as surface antenna, conductive coating or their effective as an area antenna part, wherein the projection center is at infinity. For a planar substrate and a thus planar conductive coating, the projection surface is a projection plane containing the coating. Said space is bounded by an imaginary edge surface which is positioned at the circumferential edge of the conductive coating or at the peripheral edge of the surface-antenna-active part of the conductive coating and is perpendicular to the projection surface.

In the hybrid antenna structure, an antenna base of the line antenna becomes a common antenna base of the line and plane antenna. As usual, the term "antenna footpoint" describes an electrical contact for picking up received antenna signals, in particular relating to a reference potential (eg, ground) for determining the signal levels of the antenna signals. The hybrid antenna structure thus advantageously allows a good reception performance with high bandwidth, which combines the favorable reception characteristics of the area radiator in the frequency ranges of bands I and II with the favorable reception properties of the line radiator in the frequency ranges of bands II to V. By positioning the line radiator outside the space which can be projected onto the planar antenna by means of orthogonal parallel projection, electrical loading of the line radiator by the area radiator can be avoided in a particularly advantageous manner. The hybrid antenna structure thus makes available the complete frequency range of the bands I to V with a satisfactory reception power, for example for a windscreen serving as an antenna disk.

In the hybrid antenna structure, the antenna conductor may be specially adapted for reception in the terrestrial bands III-V, and for this purpose preferably has a length of more than 100 millimeters (mm) and a width of less than 1 mm and a height of less than 1 mm, corresponding to a ratio length / width ≥100 and L / H ≥ 100, respectively. For the desired purpose, it is further preferred if the antenna conductor has a resistance of less than 20 ohm / m, more preferably less than 10 ohm / m. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, the first coupling electrode may be electrically coupled to the conductive coating such that the receiving power (signal level) of the planar antenna is as high as possible. This measure advantageously makes it possible to optimize the signal level of the planar antenna in order to improve the reception properties of the hybrid antenna structure. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, the common antenna base of surface and line antenna can be electrically conductively connected by a connection conductor to an electronic signal processing device for processing received antenna signals, for example an antenna amplifier, wherein the connection contact is arranged so that the length of the connection conductor is as short as possible , This measure advantageously enables a specific high-frequency conductor with signal conductor and at least one entrained ground conductor not necessarily to be used for the terminal conductor, but that a cost-effective signal conductor not specifically intended for the high-frequency line, such as an unshielded stranded wire or ribbon-shaped flat conductor, is used due to the short signal transmission path can, which is also connected by a relatively inexpensive connection technology. This can be saved to a considerable extent costs in the production of the hybrid antenna structure. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, the conductive coating may cover the surface of the substrate except for a circumferential, electrically isolated edge strip, the antenna conductor being located within a space that can be projected by orthogonal parallel projection onto the edge strip serving as a projection surface. For this purpose, the antenna conductor can be applied to the substrate, for example in the region of the edge strip. This measure allows a particularly simple production of the hybrid antenna structure. In the case where the hybrid antenna structure is realized in the form of a composite disk, the conductive coating may be on a surface of the at least one substrate and the line-shaped antenna conductor on a different surface thereof or a different substrate. By this measure, a particularly simple production of the hybrid antenna structure according to the invention can be realized. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, the first coupling electrode and the antenna conductor may be connected through a first connection conductor be electrically connected to each other, which in particular the possibility is created to make the first coupling electrode independent of the electrical connection to the linear antenna conductor, whereby the performance of the hybrid antenna structure can be improved. Further, in the hybrid antenna structure, the antenna conductor may be on a surface of the at least one substrate and the common antenna base may be on a different surface thereof or a different substrate. For this purpose, the antenna conductor and the common Antennenfußpunkt are electrically connected to each other by a second connection conductor. By this measure, in particular the electrical connection of the common Antennenfußpunkts can be realized with the downstream antenna electronics in a particularly simple manner. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, the line-shaped antenna conductor may be printed from a metallic printing paste, for example by screen printing, onto the at least one substrate or laid in the form of a wire, thereby enabling a particularly simple production of the antenna conductor. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, at least one of the conductors, selected from the first coupling electrode, the first connection conductor and the second connection conductor, can lead to the edge of the at least one substrate and be designed as a flat conductor with a width that tapers in the region of the edge. By this measure, a reduced coupling surface on the substrate edge, for example, at the exit of the conductor from the composite disk for reducing a capacitive coupling with the electrically conductive vehicle body can be achieved in an advantageous manner. Further, in the hybrid antenna structure, the line antenna and the first coupling electrode, as well as the two connection conductors (if any) may be hidden by an opaque masking layer, whereby the optical appearance of the antenna structure can be improved. Furthermore, in the hybrid antenna structure, the conductive coating may comprise at least two planar segments which are insulated from one another by at least one line-shaped, electrically insulating region. In addition, at least one sheet-shaped segment is divided by linearly electrically insulating regions. It is particularly advantageous if a particularly peripheral edge region of the conductive coating has a multiplicity of planar segments which are subdivided by linearly electrically insulating regions. Regarding such segmentation of the conductive coating is to the unpublished international patent application PCT / EP2009 / 066237 Reference is made, the content of which is hereby incorporated into this application.

In a particularly advantageous manner, interference signals can be coupled out of the planar antenna in the hybrid antenna structure, which are in a frequency range which can be well received by the line antenna, namely the frequency range of the terrestrial bands III-V above 170 MHz. Thus, there are no losses in the useful signal component of the surface antenna. Accordingly, the second coupling electrode preferably has a high-pass range corresponding to the frequency range of the terrestrial bands III-V, in particular corresponding to the frequency range of the terrestrial bands IV and V.

The invention further extends to an antenna arrangement having an antenna structure as described above, an electrically conductive structure acting as a ground and optionally at least one interference source whose interference signals can be received by the planar antenna. In the antenna arrangement according to the invention, the second coupling electrode for coupling out interference signals from the planar antenna to the ground electrically, preferably capacitively coupled. The mass-acting electrically conductive structure may be, for example, the body of a motor vehicle.

The invention further extends to a method for operating an antenna structure as described above, in which useful signals are coupled out via the first coupling electrode and interference signals selectively via the second coupling electrode from the planar antenna.

Furthermore, the invention extends to the use of an antenna structure as described above as a functional and / or decorative single piece and as a built-in furniture, appliances and buildings, and in locomotion means for locomotion on land, in the air or on water, especially in motor vehicles, for example as windshield, rear window, side window and / or glass roof.

It is understood that the various configurations and aspects of the antenna structure according to the invention can be implemented individually or in any desired combinations in order to achieve further improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines in Form einer Verbundscheibe verkörperten, hybriden Antennenaufbaus gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;

Fig. 2A-2D

Schnittansichten des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 1 gemäß Schnittlinie A-A (Fig. 2A), Schnittlinie B-B (Fig. 2B), Schnittlinien A'-A' (Fig. 2C) und Schnittlinie B'-B' (Fig. 2D);

Fig. 3A-3B

Schnittansichten einer ersten Variante des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 1 gemäß Schnittlinie A-A (Fig. 3A) und Schnittlinie B-B (Fig. 3B);

Fig. 4A-4B

Schnittansichten einer zweiten Variante des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 1 gemäß Schnittlinie A-A (Fig. 4A) und Schnittlinie B-B (Fig. 4B);

Fig. 5A-5B

Schnittansichten einer dritten Variante des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 1 gemäß Schnittlinie A-A (Fig. 5A) und Schnittlinie B-B (Fig. 5B);

Fig. 6

eine Schnittansicht einer vierten Variante des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 1 gemäß Schnittlinie B-B;

Fig. 7

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines in Form einer Verbundscheibe verkörperten hybriden Antennenaufbaus gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;

Fig. 8A-8B

Schnittansichten des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 7 gemäß Schnittlinie A-A (Fig. 8A) und Schnittlinie B-B (Fig. 8B);

Fig. 9

eine Schnittansicht einer Variante des hybriden Antennenaufbaus von Fig. 7 gemäß Schnittlinie A-A.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of embodiments, reference being made to the accompanying figures. In a simplified, not to scale representation:

Fig. 1

a schematic perspective view of an embodied in the form of a composite disc, hybrid antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2A-2D

Section views of the hybrid antenna assembly of Fig. 1 according to section line AA ( Fig. 2A ), Section line BB ( Fig. 2B ), Section lines A'-A '( Fig. 2C ) and section line B'-B '( Fig. 2D );

FIGS. 3A-3B

Sectional views of a first variant of the hybrid antenna assembly of Fig. 1 according to section line AA ( Fig. 3A ) and section line BB ( Fig. 3B );

Fig. 4A-4B

Sectional views of a second variant of the hybrid antenna structure of Fig. 1 according to section line AA ( Fig. 4A ) and section line BB ( Fig. 4B );

Fig. 5A-5B

Sectional views of a third variant of the hybrid antenna assembly of Fig. 1 according to section line AA ( Fig. 5A ) and section line BB ( Fig. 5B );

Fig. 6

a sectional view of a fourth variant of the hybrid antenna assembly of Fig. 1 according to section line BB;

Fig. 7

a schematic perspective view of an embodied in the form of a composite disc hybrid antenna assembly according to a second embodiment of the invention;

Figs. 8A-8B

Section views of the hybrid antenna assembly of Fig. 7 according to section line AA ( Fig. 8A ) and section line BB ( Fig. 8B );

Fig. 9

a sectional view of a variant of the hybrid antenna structure of Fig. 7 according to section line AA.

Detailed description of the drawings

Be first Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A to 2D which, as a first embodiment of the invention, illustrates a hybrid antenna construction, generally designated by the reference numeral 1. The hybrid antenna assembly 1 is embodied here, for example, as a transparent composite disk 20, which in Fig. 1 only partially shown. The composite pane 20 is transparent to visible light, for example in the wavelength range from 350 nm to 800 nm, the term "transparency" being understood to mean a light transmission of more than 50%, preferably more than 75% and especially preferably more than 80%. The composite disk 20 serves, for example, as a windshield of a motor vehicle, but it can also be used elsewhere.

The composite pane 20 comprises two transparent individual panes, namely a rigid outer pane 2 and a rigid inner pane 3, which are firmly connected to each other via a transparent thermoplastic adhesive layer 21. The individual panes have approximately the same size and are made for example of glass, in particular float glass, cast glass and ceramic glass, being equally made of a non-glassy material, such as plastic, in particular polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyester (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be produced. In general, any material having sufficient transparency, chemical resistance, and shape and size stability can be used. For another use, for example as a decorative part, it would also be possible to produce the outer and inner panes 2, 3 of a flexible material. The respective thickness of the outer and inner panes 2, 3 may vary widely depending on the use and may be, for example, in the range of 1 to 24 mm for glass.

The composite disk 20 has an at least approximately trapezoidal curved contour (in Fig. 1 only partially recognizable), which results from a disc rim 5 which is common to the two individual discs 2, 3 and which is composed of two opposite long disc edges 5a and two opposite short disc edges 5b. In the usual way, the disk surfaces are denoted by the Roman numerals I-IV, wherein "side I" of a first disk surface 24 of the outer disk 2, "side II" of a second disk surface 25 of the outer disk 2, "side III" of a third disk surface 26 of the inner disk 3 and "side IV" of a fourth disc surface 27 of the inner pane 3 corresponds. In use as a windshield side I of the external environment and side IV of the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle faces.

The adhesive layer 21 for connecting the outer and inner pane 2, 3 is preferably made of an adhesive plastic preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyurethane (PU). Here, the adhesive layer 21 is formed for example as a bilayer in the form of two bonded together PVB films, which is not shown in more detail in the figures.

Between the outer and inner pane 2, 3 there is a planar support 4, preferably made of plastic, preferably based on polyamide (PA), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polyester (PE) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably based on polyester (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Here, the carrier 4 is formed for example in the form of a PET film. The carrier 4 is embedded between the two PVB films of the adhesive layer 21 and arranged parallel to the outer and inner disks 2, 3 approximately centrally between the two, wherein a first support surface 22 of the second disk surface 25 and a second Carrier surface 23 of the third disc surface 26 faces. The carrier 4 does not extend all the way to the wafer edge 5, so that a carrier edge 29 is set back inwards relative to the wafer edge 5 and a carrier-free, all-round peripheral edge zone 28 of the composite wafer 20 remains. The edge zone 28 is used in particular for electrical insulation of the conductive coating 6 to the outside, for example, to reduce capacitive coupling with the electrically conductive, usually made of sheet metal vehicle body. In addition, the conductive coating 6 is protected against penetrating from the wafer edge 5 corrosion.

On the second support surface 23, a transparent, electrically conductive coating 6 is applied, which is bounded by a coating edge 8 which runs around on all sides. The conductive coating 6 covers an area which is more than 50%, preferably more than 70%, more preferably more than 80% and even more preferably more than 90% of the area of the second disk surface 25 and the third disk surface 26, respectively. The area covered by the conductive coating 6 is preferably more than 1 m ² and may generally be in the range of 100 cm ² to 25 m ² regardless of the use of the composite pane 20 as a windshield. The transparent, electrically conductive coating 6 contains or consists of at least one electrically conductive material. Examples are metals having a high electrical conductivity such as silver, copper, gold, aluminum, or molybdenum, metal alloys such as palladium alloyed with silver, as well as transparent, electrically conductive oxides (TCO = T ransparent C onductive O xides). TCO is preferably indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin zinc oxide or antimony-doped tin oxide.

The conductive coating 6 can consist of a single layer with such a conductive material or of a layer sequence which contains at least one such single layer. By way of example, the layer sequence may comprise at least one layer of a conductive material and at least one layer of a dielectric material. The thickness of the conductive coating 6 may vary widely depending on the use, and the thickness at each location may be, for example, in the range of 30 nm to 100 μm. In the case of TCO, the thickness is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 1.5 μm, preferably in the range of 150 nm to 1 μm, particularly preferably in the range of 200 nm to 500 nm. Is the conductive coating of a layer sequence with at least one layer of an electrically conductive material and at least one layer of a dielectric material the thickness is preferably 20 nm to 100 μm, preferably 25 nm to 90 μm, and particularly preferably 30 nm to 80 μm. Advantageously, the layer sequence can withstand high thermal loads so that it can withstand the temperatures required for bending glass panes of typically more than 600.degree. C. without damage, but it is also possible to provide thermally low-loadable layer sequences. The surface resistance of the conductive coating 6 is preferably less than 20 ohms and is for example in the range of 0.5 to 20 ohms. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the sheet resistance of the conductive coating 6 is 4 ohms, for example.

The conductive coating 6 is preferably deposited from the gas phase, the purpose for which per se known methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD = C hemical V apor D eposition) or physical vapor deposition (PVD = Physical V apor D eposition) can be used. Preferably, the coating 6 is applied by sputtering (magnetron sputtering).

In the composite disk 20, the conductive coating 6 serves as an area antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, preferably in the frequency range of the terrestrial broadcasting bands I and II. For this purpose, the conductive coating 6 with a first coupling electrode 10, which is formed here as a band-shaped flat conductor, electrically coupled. In the exemplary embodiment, the first coupling electrode 10 is galvanically coupled to the conductive coating 6, wherein a capacitive coupling may equally be provided. The band-shaped first coupling electrode 10 consists for example of a metallic material, preferably silver, and is printed for example by means of screen printing. It preferably has a length of more than 10 mm with a width of 5 mm or larger, preferably a length of more than 25 mm with a width of 5 mm or larger. In the exemplary embodiment, the first coupling electrode 10 has a length of 300 mm and a width of 5 mm. The thickness of the first coupling electrode is preferably less than 0.015 mm. The specific one Conductivity of a first coupling electrode 10 made of silver is, for example, 61.35 · 10 ⁶ / ohm · m.

As in Fig. 1 1, the first coupling electrode 10 extends and is in direct electrical contact with the conductive coating 6 approximately parallel to the upper coating edge 8 and extends into the carrier-free edge zone 28. In this case, the first coupling electrode 10 is arranged so that the antenna signals of the surface antenna are optimized in terms of their reception power (signal level).

As in Fig. 2A and 2 B 1, the conductive coating 6 is subdivided in a strip-shaped edge region 15 adjoining the support edge 29, for example by means of lasering, into a plurality of electrically insulated segments 16 between which electrically insulating (de-layered) regions 17 are located. The edge region 15 runs essentially parallel to the carrier surface 24 and can in particular be circumferential on all sides. By virtue of this measure, capacitive coupling of the conductive coating 6 to surrounding conductive structures, for example an electrically conductive vehicle body, can be counteracted in an advantageous manner. Since the edge region 15 of the conductive coating 6 as an area antenna is not effective, a part of the conductive coating 6 which is effective for the function as an area antenna is limited by a coating edge 8 '.

Within the carrier-free edge zone 28 of the composite disk 20 is embedded in the adhesive layer 4, a line-shaped, unshielded antenna conductor 12, as a line antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, preferably in the frequency range of the terrestrial radio bands II to V, particularly preferably in the frequency range of the radio bands III to V and is designed to be suitable for this purpose. In the present embodiment, the antenna conductor 12 is in the form of a wire 18, which is preferably longer than 100 mm and narrower than 1 mm. The resistance of the antenna conductor 12 is preferably less than 20 ohm / m, more preferably less than 10 ohm / m. In the embodiment shown, the length of the antenna conductor 12 is about 650 mm with a width of 0.75 mm. Its resistance coating is for example 5 ohms / m.

Here, for example, the antenna conductor 12 has an at least approximately rectilinear profile and is located completely within the carrier-free and coating-free edge zone 28 of the composite pane 20, wherein it extends predominantly along the short pane edge 5b, for example below a vehicle trim (not shown) in the region of the masking strip 9 , In this case, the antenna conductor 12 has a sufficient distance from both the disk edge 5 and the coating edge 8, whereby a capacitive coupling with the conductive coating 6 and the vehicle body is counteracted. In particular, it is advantageously achieved by the segmented edge region 15 that the distance between the conductive coating 6 and the line antenna effective in terms of radio frequency technology is increased.

Since the antenna conductor 12 outside a in Fig. 2A schematically indicated space 30, which is defined by the fact that each point contained therein can be by orthogonal parallel projection on the projection surface representing serving as a surface antenna conductive coating 6 (or on the surface antenna effective part of the conductive coating 6) can be the line antenna is not electrically stressed by the surface antenna. This defined by a projection operation space 30 is bounded by a mental boundary surface 32, which is located at the coating edge 8 and 8 'and is directed perpendicular to the carrier 21. For the segmented edge region 15, the boundary surface 32 is arranged on the coating edge 8 ', since the positioning of the antenna conductor depends on the antenna function of the conductive coating 6.

The first coupling electrode 10 is electrically coupled to the line-shaped antenna conductor 12 at a first terminal 11, not shown. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first coupling electrode 10 is galvanically coupled to the antenna conductor 12, wherein a capacitive coupling may equally be provided. The first connection contact 11 of the first coupling electrode 10 or the connection point between the first coupling electrode 10 and the antenna conductor 12 can be considered as Antennenfußpunkt for tapping antenna signals of the surface antenna. In fact, however, a second terminal contact 14 of the antenna conductor 12 serves as a common Antennenfußpunkt 13 for tapping the antenna signals both the surface antenna as well as the line antenna. The antenna signals of the surface and the line antenna are thus provided at the second terminal contact 14.

The second terminal contact 14 is electrically coupled to a parasitic acting as an antenna terminal conductor 19. In the present exemplary embodiment, the connection conductor 19 is galvanically coupled to the second connection contact 14, although a capacitive coupling may also be provided. Via the connecting conductor 19 and an associated connector 31, the hybrid antenna assembly 1 is electrically connected to downstream electronic components, for example an antenna amplifier, the antenna signals being led out of the composite disk 20 through the connecting conductor 19. As in Fig. 2B is shown, the connecting conductor 19 extends from the adhesive layer 21 on the wafer edge 5 on the fourth disc surface 27 (page IV) and then leads away from the composite disc 20. In this case, the spatial position of the second connection contact 14 is selected so that the connection conductor 19 is as short as possible and its parasitic effect is minimized as an antenna, so that it is possible to dispense with the use of a conductor designed specifically for high-frequency technology. The connection conductor 19 is preferably shorter than 100 mm. Accordingly, the connection conductor 19 is here for example designed as unshielded stranded wire or foil conductor, which is inexpensive and space-saving and can also be connected via a relatively simple connection technology. The width of the connecting conductor 19 formed here, for example, as a flat conductor, preferably tapers towards the edge of the pane 5 in order to counteract capacitive coupling with the vehicle body.

In the hybrid antenna structure 1, the transparent, electrically conductive coating 6, depending on the material composition, fulfill other functions. For example, it may serve as a heat ray-reflecting coating for purposes of sunscreen, thermoregulation or thermal insulation or as a heating layer for electrically heating the composite disk 20. These functions are of minor importance to the present invention.

Furthermore, the outer pane 2 is provided with an opaque ink layer, which is applied to the second pane surface 25 (page II) and a frame-shaped circumferential Masking strip 9 forms, which is not shown in detail in the figures. The color layer is preferably made of an electrically non-conductive, black-colored material that can be baked into the outer pane 2. The masking strip 9 on the one hand prevents the view of an adhesive strand, with which the composite disc 20 can be glued into a vehicle body, on the other hand it serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used.

The surface coating serving as a conductive coating 6 is provided with two adjacent to the long edge of the disk 5a projecting surface areas, each serving as a second coupling electrode 36, 36 '. In Fig. 1 the two projections have at least approximately a rectangular shape, wherein any other suitable for use form may be provided equally. The conductive coating 6 has no segmented edge region 15 in the surface sections adjoining the two second coupling electrodes 36, 36 '. The two second coupling electrodes 36, 36' each extend into the otherwise coating-free edge strips 7.

As in Fig. 2C illustrated, the carrier 4 passes with the conductive coating 6 in a juxtaposition with an electrically conductive structure 37 and is capacitively coupled thereto. More specifically, a first surface portion 40 of the coating 6 is in parallel juxtaposition to a second surface portion 41 of the electrically conductive structure 37. The electrically conductive structure 37 may be, for example, the body of a motor vehicle. The electrically conductive structure 37 is fixedly connected to the fourth disk surface 27 of the inner pane 3 here, for example by means of a bead of adhesive 38. Accordingly, the conductive coating 6 is capacitively coupled to the electrically conductive structure 37 via the two second coupling electrodes 36, 36 '. As in Fig. 2D is shown, the conductive coating 6 outside the two second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'is not in juxtaposition to the conductive structure 37, so that it is capacitively not coupled to the conductive structure 37.

Now, for example, in a motor vehicle various sources of interference, such as clocked electrical equipment, such as sensors, cameras, engine control unit and the like, emit electromagnetic interference signals, which are used by the surface antenna conductive coating 6 can be received due to the large antenna surface. In Fig. 1 By way of example, two interference sources 39, 39 'are schematically illustrated on the basis of their projection locations in the region of the coating-free edge strip 7 at the upper and lower long wafer edges 5a. The interference signals of the two interference sources 39, 39 'received by the planar antenna have a maximum signal amplitude in the two interference source surface zones 42, 42'. Here, the points of the upper interference source area 42 have a shortest distance from the upper interference source 39 and the points of the lower interference source area 42 'have a shortest distance from the lower interference source 39'. The shapes of the noise source surface zones 42, 42 'depend on the respective shapes of the noise sources 39, 39', it being understood that the in Fig. 1 illustrated forms are to be considered as exemplary only.

As in Fig. 1 is shown, the second coupling electrode 36 is disposed in the vicinity of the first coupling electrode 10 and is located between the first coupling electrode 10 and the associated upper Störquellenflächezone 42 of the upper interference source 39. The second coupling electrode 36 has, for example, a geometric distance from the first coupling electrode 10th which is less than 7.5 cm. The second coupling electrode 36 'is disposed in the vicinity of the associated lower Störquellenflächenzone 42' of the lower interference source 39 '. Here, for example, the second coupling electrode 36 'has a geometric distance from the lower interference source surface zone 42', which is less than 7.5 cm. In addition, the two second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'have a frequency-selective transmission behavior and act as a high-pass filter, wherein the two coupling electrodes 36, 36' here, for example, designed so that they pass only frequencies above 170 MHz. The two coupling electrodes 36, 36 'thus act in particular frequency selective for the terrestrial bands III-V. In the present case, it is assumed that the interference signals of the two interference sources 39, 39 'are in a frequency range above 170 MHz. This frequency selectivity can be achieved in a simple manner by adjusting the capacitive properties of the second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'capacitively coupled to the conductive structure 37. For this purpose, it is only necessary to appropriately set the size of the opposing (capacitively active) areas of the second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'and the conductive pattern 37 and the size of the pitch of these capacitively active areas.

The interference signals received by the upper interference source 39 (and additionally by the lower interference source 39 ') are thus coupled out of the upper second coupling electrode 36 from the conductive surface coating 6 as a surface antenna due to the frequency-selective transmission behavior of the upper second coupling electrode 36. In addition, due to the spatial position between the upper interference source area zone 42 and the first coupling electrode 10, the interference signals of the upper interference source 39 are coupled out of the second coupling electrode 36 predominantly from a surface section of the conductive coating 6 containing the upper interference source area zone 42 and the upper second coupling electrode 36. On the other hand, due to the proximity of the second coupling electrode 36 'to the lower interfering-source surface zone 42' and the frequency-selective transmission behavior of the second coupling electrode 36 ', the interfering signals received from the lower interfering source 39' are primarily from the lower second coupling electrode 36 'made of the conductive coating 6 decoupled. The spatial proximity of the second coupling electrode 36 'to the lower Störquellenflächezone 42' causes signal differences in potential differences between a lower Störquellenflächezone 42 'containing surface portion and the lower second coupling electrode 36', which are greater than potential differences between this surface portion and the first coupling electrode 10, so that These interference signals are primarily decoupled via the lower second coupling electrode 36 '.

Nevertheless, the first coupling electrode 10 can decouple antenna signals from surface regions of the conductive coating 6 that are different from the interference source surface zones 42, 42, in which potential differences with respect to the first coupling electrode 10 occur during signal reception which are greater than potential differences with respect to the two second coupling electrodes 36. 36 '. Useful signals which lie in the frequency range coupled out as interference signals via the electrically conductive structure 37 (ground) can be received in an advantageous manner via the antenna conductor 12 serving as a line antenna, so that virtually no signal loss occurs. The antenna conductor 12 is disturbed by the interference signals of the interference sources 39, 39 'not or only to a negligible extent. The hybrid antenna assembly 1 is thus characterized by an excellent signal / noise ratio. Instead of a capacitive coupling of the two second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'with the conductive structure 37 could equally a galvanic coupling of the two second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'with the conductive structure 37 with the interposition of a frequency-selective component, such as a capacitor, may be provided.

With reference to the further figures, different embodiments of the hybrid antenna structure 1 are explained in the following, in each of which a capacitive coupling (or galvanic coupling with interposition of a frequency-selective component) of the second coupling electrodes 36, 36 'with the conductive structure 37 is realized.

It will now be related to the FIGS. 3A and 3B wherein a first variant of the hybrid antenna assembly 1 is shown. To avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 . 2A and 2 B and otherwise reference is made to the statements made there. Accordingly, no support 4 is provided for the conductive coating 6 in the composite pane 20, since this is applied to the third pane surface 26 (side III) of the inner pane 3. The conductive coating 6 does not extend all the way to the wafer edge 5, so that an edge strip 7 of the third wafer surface 26 which runs around on all sides and remains free of coating remains. The width of the peripheral edge strip 7 can vary widely. Preferably, the width of the edge strip 7 is in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 cm, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 1.3 cm and particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 to 1.0 cm. The edge strip 7 serves in particular for an electrical insulation of the conductive coating 6 to the outside and for reducing a capacitive coupling with surrounding conductive structures. The edge strip 7 can be produced by subsequent removal of the conductive coating 6, for example by abrasive removal, laser ablation or etching, or by masking the inner pane 3 before the application of the conductive coating 6 to the third pane surface 26.

The antenna conductor 12 serving as a line antenna is applied to the third disk surface 26 in the region of the coating-free edge strip 7. In the variant shown, the antenna conductor 12 is formed in the form of a flat conductor track 35, which is preferably applied by printing, for example screen printing, a metallic printing paste. Thus, the line antenna and the plane antenna are on the same Surface (page III) of the inner pane 3. The band-shaped first coupling electrode 10 extends beyond the line-shaped antenna conductor 12 and is galvanically coupled thereto, wherein a capacitive coupling may equally be provided.

The antenna radiator 12 is located outside the in Fig. 3A illustrated space 30, in which each point can be imaged by orthogonal parallel projection on the surface antenna, so that the line antenna is not electrically charged by the surface antenna. In Fig. 3A is the space 30 bounding (imaginary) boundary surface 32, which is directed perpendicular to the third disc surface 26 and at the coating edge 8 and 8 '(in the edge region 15) is arranged schematically. In other words, the line-shaped antenna conductor 12 is located in an unspecified space in which each point can be imaged by orthogonal parallel projection on the non-coating edge strip 7 serving as a projection surface. An electrical load on the line antenna by the planar antenna is thereby avoided in an advantageous manner.

In the FIGS. 4A and 4B a second variant of the hybrid antenna assembly 1 is shown, with only the differences from the first variant of the FIGS. 3A and 3B Be described and otherwise made to the statements made there reference. Accordingly, no composite disk 20 but only a single-pane glass with a single pane corresponding to, for example, outer pane 2 is provided. The conductive coating 6 is applied to the first pane surface 24 (side I), wherein the conductive coating 6 does not extend all the way to the pane edge 5, so that a circumferential, coating-free edge strip 7 of the first pane surface 24 remains on all sides. In the region of the coating-free edge strip 7 serving as a line antenna, formed in the form of a conductor 35 line-shaped antenna conductor 12 is applied to the first disk surface 24. The antenna conductor 12 is thus located outside of in Fig. 4A illustrated space 30, in which each point can be imaged by orthogonal parallel projection on the surface antenna. The connection conductor 19 makes contact with the second connection contact 14 of the antenna conductor 12 and then leads away from the antenna conductor 12 on the same side of the outer pane 2.

In the Figures 5A and 5B a third variant of the hybrid antenna assembly 1 is shown, with only the differences from the first embodiment of the FIGS. 1 . 2A and 2 B Be described and otherwise made to the statements made there reference. Accordingly, a carrier 4 is provided in the composite disk 20, on which the conductive coating 6 is applied. The band-shaped first coupling electrode 10 is applied to the fourth surface (side IV) of the inner pane 3 and capacitively coupled to the conductive coating 6 serving as a planar antenna. Serving as a line antenna antenna conductor 12 is also on the fourth disc surface 27 of the inner pane 3, for example by printing, for example screen printing, applied and galvanically coupled to the coupling electrode, but equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. Thus, the patch antenna and the line antenna are on different surfaces of mutually different substrates. The antenna conductor 12 is located outside the space 30, in which each point can be imaged by orthogonal parallel projection on the surface antenna 6, so that the line antenna is not electrically stressed by the planar antenna. The connecting conductor 19 contacts the antenna conductor 12 and leads away directly from the composite disk 20.

In FIG. 6 a fourth variant of the hybrid antenna assembly 1 is shown, with only the differences from the third variant of the Fig. 5A and 5B Be described and otherwise made to the statements made there reference. Accordingly, the line-shaped antenna conductor 12 formed as a flat conductor track 35 is applied to the third disk surface 26 of the inner disk 3. A second connecting conductor 34 is applied to the antenna conductor 12 at the base of the antenna and extends over the short disk edge 5b to the fourth disk surface 27 (side IV) of the inner disk 3. In the variant shown, the second connecting conductor 34 is galvanically coupled to the antenna conductor 12, where equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. The second connection conductor 34 may be made of the same material as the coupling electrode 10, for example. The connecting conductor 19 contacts the connecting conductor 19 on the fourth disk surface 27 and leads away from the composite disk 20. The width (dimension perpendicular to the extension direction) of the second connecting conductor 34 designed as a band-shaped flat conductor preferably tapers towards the short disk edge 5b, so that a capacitive coupling between the conductive coating 6 and the electrically conductive vehicle body can be counteracted.

In the Fig. 7 . 8A and 8B a second embodiment of the hybrid antenna assembly 1 according to the invention is illustrated, with only the differences from the first embodiment of the FIGS. 1 . 2A and 2 B Be described and otherwise made to the statements made there reference. Accordingly, a composite disk 20 is provided with a carrier 4 embedded in the adhesive layer 21 and a transparent, conductive coating 6 applied on the second carrier surface 23. The conductive coating 6 is applied over the entire surface of the second support surface 23, wherein a segmented edge region 15 is not formed, however, may be provided equally.

The first coupling electrode 10 is located on the conductive coating 6 and is galvanically coupled thereto, but equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. The first coupling electrode 10 extends over the upper, long disk edge 5a on the fourth disk surface 27 (side IV) of the inner pane 3. The line-shaped antenna conductor 12 is analogous to that in connection with Fig. 5A and 5B described third variant of the first embodiment as a conductor 35 applied to the fourth disc surface 27 of the inner pane 3. At its other end, the first coupling electrode 10 is located on the antenna conductor 12 and is galvanically coupled thereto, but equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. The antenna conductor 12 is located outside of the space 30 in which each point can be imaged by orthogonal parallel projection on the surface antenna, so that the line antenna is not electrically stressed by the planar antenna. The connecting conductor 19 contacts the antenna conductor 12 and leads away directly from the composite disk 20.

In Fig. 9 a variant is shown, wherein to avoid repetition, only the differences from the second embodiment of Fig. 7 . 8A and 8B be explained. Accordingly, the first coupling electrode 10 is formed only in the region of the conductive coating 6, this is in direct contact and is thus galvanically coupled to the conductive coating 6, wherein equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. A first connection conductor 33 is in direct contact with its one end of the first coupling electrode 10 and is galvanically coupled to the conductive coating 6, but equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. The first connection conductor 33 extends beyond the upper long disk edge 5a to the fourth disk surface 27 (side IV) of the inner disk 3 and contacts with its other end the antenna conductor 12 formed as a conductor. The first connection conductor 33 is in direct contact with the antenna conductor 12 and is, for example, galvanically coupled to it via a soldering contact, but equally a capacitive coupling can be provided. The first connection conductor 33 may, for example, be made of the same material as the first coupling electrode 10, so that the first coupling electrode 10 and the first connection conductor 33 may together also be regarded as a two-part coupling electrode. The width (dimension perpendicular to the extension direction) of the band-shaped flat conductor formed first connection conductor 33 preferably tapers towards the long edge of the disk 5 a, so that a capacitive coupling between the conductive coating 6 and the vehicle body can be counteracted.

The invention provides a hybrid antenna structure which enables bandwidth-optimized reception of electromagnetic waves, wherein a satisfactory reception performance can be achieved through the combination of surface and line antenna over the entire frequency range of the bands IV. Due to the possibility that interference signals from external sources of interference can be coupled out via a mass electrically coupled to the planar antenna, the hybrid antenna structure has an excellent signal-to-noise ratio.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

antenna structure

2

outer pane

3

inner pane

4

carrier

5

disc edge

5a

long slice edge

5b

short slice edge

6

coating

7

edge strips

8, 8 '

coating edge

9

masking strips

10

first coupling electrode

11

first connection contact

12

antenna conductors

13

antenna base

14

second connection contact

15

border area

16

segment

17

insulating area

18

wire

19

connecting conductors

20

laminated pane

21

adhesive layer

22

first support surface

23

second carrier surface

24

first disc surface

25

second disc surface

26

third disc surface

27

fourth disc surface

28

border zone

29

carrier edge

30

room

31

connector

32

boundary surface

33

first connection conductor

34

second connection conductor

35

conductor path

36, 36 '

second coupling electrode

37

conductive structure

38

adhesive bead

39, 39 '

interference source

40

first area section

41

second surface section

42, 42 '

Störquellenflächenzone

Claims (15)

Antenna structure (1) comprising: at least one electrically insulating, in particular transparent substrate (2-4), at least one electrically conductive, in particular transparent, coating (6) which covers at least in sections a surface (22-27) of the substrate and serves at least in sections as an area antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, at least one first coupling electrode (10) electrically coupled to the conductive coating (6) for coupling useful signals out of the planar antenna, at least one second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') electrically coupled to the conductive coating (6) for coupling interference signals from at least one interference source (39, 39') from the planar antenna, the second coupling electrode having the following features: - It is electrically coupled to ground (37), it is designed to be selectively transmissive for a predeterminable frequency range, - It is located near the first coupling electrode (10). Antenna structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') has a distance from the first coupling electrode (10) which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals. Antenna structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') between a Störquellenflächezone (42, 42') of the conductive coating (6) whose points a shortest distance from the interference source (39, 39 '), and the first coupling electrode (10) is arranged. Antenna structure (1) comprising: at least one electrically insulating, in particular transparent substrate (2-4), - At least one electrically conductive, in particular transparent coating (6) which covers a surface (22-27) of the substrate at least partially and at least partially serves as an area antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, at least one first coupling electrode (10) electrically coupled to the conductive coating (6) for coupling useful signals out of the planar antenna, at least one second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') electrically coupled to the conductive coating (6) for coupling interference signals from at least one interference source (39, 39') from the planar antenna, the second coupling electrode having the following features: - It is electrically coupled to ground (37), - It is between a Störquellenflächezone (42, 42 ') of the conductive coating (6) whose points have a shortest distance from the interference source (39, 39'), and the first coupling electrode (10). Antenna structure (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') has a distance from the first coupling electrode (10) which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals. Antenna structure (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') has a distance from the projection zone of the interference source (39, 39'), which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals. Antenna structure (1) comprising: at least one electrically insulating, in particular transparent substrate (2-4), at least one electrically conductive, in particular transparent, coating (6) which covers at least in sections a surface (22-27) of the substrate and serves at least in sections as an area antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, at least one first coupling electrode (10) electrically coupled to the conductive coating for coupling useful signals out of the planar antenna, at least one second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') electrically coupled to the conductive coating (6) for coupling interference signals from at least one interference source (39, 39') from the planar antenna, the second coupling electrode having the following features: - It is electrically coupled to ground (37), - It is near a Störquellenflächezone (42, 42 ') of the conductive coating (6), whose points have a shortest distance from the Störquelle (39, 39'), arranged. Antenna structure (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') has a distance from the projection zone of the interference source (39, 39') which is less than a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the interference signals. Antenna structure (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') between a Störquellenflächezone (42, 42') of the conductive coating (6) whose points a shortest distance from the interference source (39, 39 '), and the first coupling electrode (10) is arranged. Antenna structure (1) according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') is designed so that it is selectively permeable for a predeterminable frequency range, in particular a frequency range above 170 MHz. Antenna structure (1) according to one of claims 1 or 10, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') in the form of a projecting edge portion of the conductive coating (6) is formed. Antenna structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the second coupling electrode (36, 36 ') with a mass acting conductive structure (37), for example, a metallic vehicle body or a metallic window frame, capacitively coupled or with interposition a frequency-selective component, for example a capacitor, is galvanically coupled. Antenna structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first coupling electrode (10) is electrically coupled to an unshielded, linear antenna conductor (12) serving as a line antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, wherein the linear Antenna conductor is located outside of a room (30) by orthogonal parallel projection on the as a projection surface serving surface antenna is projected, whereby a Antennenfußpunkt the line antenna to a common Antennenfußpunkt (13) of the line and surface antenna is. Method for operating an antenna structure (1), comprising the following steps: Receiving useful signals by means of an area antenna which is in the form of an electrically conductive, in particular transparent, coating applied to at least one electrically insulating, in particular transparent, substrate, Decoupling the useful signals from the planar antenna by means of a first coupling electrode electrically coupled to the coating, selective coupling out of interference signals from the planar antenna by means of a second coupling electrode electrically coupled to the coating and ground. Use of an antenna assembly according to one of claims 1 to 13 as a functional and / or decorative single piece and as a built-in furniture, appliances and buildings, and in locomotion means for locomotion on land, in the air or on water, especially in motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, Rear window, side window and / or glass roof.

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