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EP2397811B1 - Verteidigungssystem - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2397811B1
EP2397811B1 EP11174040.3A EP11174040A EP2397811B1 EP 2397811 B1 EP2397811 B1 EP 2397811B1 EP 11174040 A EP11174040 A EP 11174040A EP 2397811 B1 EP2397811 B1 EP 2397811B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrage
bags
explosive
absorbent
blast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11174040.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2397811A2 (de
EP2397811A3 (de
Inventor
Richard Bailey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Environmental Defence Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Environmental Defence Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0701068A external-priority patent/GB0701068D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0717299A external-priority patent/GB0717299D0/en
Application filed by Environmental Defence Systems Ltd filed Critical Environmental Defence Systems Ltd
Publication of EP2397811A2 publication Critical patent/EP2397811A2/de
Publication of EP2397811A3 publication Critical patent/EP2397811A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2397811B1 publication Critical patent/EP2397811B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
    • E02B3/108—Temporary dykes with a filling, e.g. filled by water or sand
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of creating a barrage which comprises a defence against blast and/or fragmentation pieces.
  • Sandbags are routinely used as a flood defence barrier or a blast suppression barrier. It will be well understood that sand bags can be built to form a wall or a dyke.
  • a typical way of building a flood barrier is to pile filled sandbags together to act as a barrage or dam, for example across a doorway, to prevent the ingress of water.
  • a typical method used to suppress fragmentation is to surround the ordnance with a wall of sandbags. This allows the ordnance to be detonated with little risk of the fragmentation damaging equipment or injuring personnel.
  • the amount of sandbags required to build the protective wall arc generally dependent on the type of ordnance to be disposed of. For example, detonation of an 81 mm HE mortar round typically requires a wall built from approximately 80 regulation size sandbags.
  • a supply of particulate matter such as sand or earth
  • particulate matter such as sand or earth
  • the only source available is the surrounding ground or alternatively loose sand must be transported in.
  • sand if the sand is wet, it will significantly increase in weight and can therefore be very labour intensive and time consuming to fill bag and create a suitable defence wall.
  • attaining the filling for the bags can be extremely time and labour intensive. In either case, this is especially disadvantageous.
  • the sandbags may be pre-filled off-site and delivered to the location.
  • additional demands on transport resources generally man-power is still required to fill the bags, and load and unload the vehicle.
  • pre-filled sandbags arc stored in unfavourable conditions for an extended period of time, they are prone to perishing, rendering them useless and a waste of resources.
  • sandbags can also be an inefficient, as the bag itself can be easily destroyed during detonation. Without a containing bag, the particulate matter contained within can do little to retard the impact of the fragments. Hence, an extensive quantity of sandbags may be required during detonation, depending on the blast fragmentation capacity of the explosive ordnance.
  • a further disadvantage of using sandbags is that they have limited ability to prevent the sound of detonation to the surrounding area. This can be problematic as many military ranges arc located nearby residential housing where sound restrictions apply. Hence, loud detonation of ordnance may result in breaking of such restrictions.
  • Known devices for detonating unexploded ordnance and other munitions include electric detonators, plastic explosives and sub-munitions. Depending on the type of ordnance being destroyed and the type of detonator used, a range of blast fragment zones may result. In the circumstances where personnel or equipment may lie within the blast fragmentation zone, the range of impact of the fragmentations must be suppressed to avoid damage or injuries.
  • One such flood defence system utilises a bag or sack containing a superabsorbent polymer.
  • a superabsorbent polymer will generally be loosely filled, enabling expansion of the polymer once it is wetted.
  • the polymer and/or the wetted gel may lie at one end of the sack and when the barrage units are stacked together a watertight seal may not be formed.
  • the present invention has been made, at least in part, in consideration of the problems and drawbacks of conventional systems and attempts to overcome or mitigate the disadvantages present with conventionally known approaches.
  • US 4,650,368 discloses a flood water containment bag constructed of lightweight inexpensive porous material with a quantity of water absorbent material therein which increases substantially in volume and weight when it absorbs water entering into the interior of the bag.
  • the bag can be transported to a point of use and arranged in a plurality of superimposed courses when in a flattened lightweight condition and will expand to form a water barrier or wall.
  • the present invention provides a method of creating a barrage which comprises a defence against blast and/or fragmentation pieces ad claimed in claim 1.
  • the absorbent crystalline material is preferentially a polymeric material, such as a super absorbent polymer.
  • a polymeric material such as a super absorbent polymer.
  • superabsorbent polymers may include polyacrylates and/or polyacrylamides, especially polyacrylate and/or polyacrylamide salts, such as the alkali metal salts, e.g. sodium or potassium salts. These types of substances can hold up to 200 times their own weight of water as the crystals can form an absorbent gelling polymer when saturated with fluid. It will be well understood by the person skilled in the art that mixtures of superabsorbent polymers may be used.
  • a superabsorbent polymer such as, polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxy-methyl-cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene oxide, and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile.
  • the fibrous material preferably comprises a cellulosic material, for example, a pulp fibre, such as a wood pulp or fibre crop material, such as cotton pulp and the like. Cotton pulp is preferred. There are numerous other fibre crop materials available and it will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that a number of such materials and/or mixtures of such materials may be used.
  • the ratio of absorbent crystalline material to absorbent fibrous material may vary and may depend on a number of factors, such as the nature of the crystalline material, e.g. the superabsorbent polymer, the nature of the fibrous material, e.g. pulp material and the use to which the bag or sack will be put, e.g. flood defence system or blast defence system.
  • the fibrous material may comprise of from 40% to 80% by weight, preferably from 50% to 70% by weight, 55% to 65% by weight, the crystalline material making all or a substantial proportion of the remainder.
  • the absorbent core of the barrage unit as hereinbefore described comprises an absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material
  • the core may comprise an admixture absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material.
  • the absorbent core comprises alternating layers of absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material.
  • a plurality of such layers may be present, for example, from 1 to 6 multilayers may be present (wherein a multilayer consists of a layer of a crystalline material and a layer of absorbent fibrous material), preferably from 2 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4 multilayers.
  • the bag or sack of the barrage unit may comprise any conventional material known as a sacking material, thus it may be a natural material or a synthetic material or a combination of such materials.
  • a natural material is a jute fabric
  • an example of a synthetic material is a loosely woven polypropylene.
  • a jute fabric is preferred because of, inter alia, its hydrophilicity.
  • the bag or sack may be strengthened by using a liner.
  • the liner comprises a hydrophilic material, such as, cotton and the like.
  • a blast prevention bag or sack may comprise a crystalline polymer e.g. a superabsorbent polymer alone or a combination of a crystalline polymer and a fibrous material.
  • a small and lightweight (pre-saturation) bag can hold a large amount of water and thus provide a large amount of fragmentation- and blast-absorbing capability
  • the absorbent bag may be saturated prior to being positioned relative to the explosive or after being positioned relative to the explosive.
  • the bag may be formed in a variety of shapes. For example, prior to saturation, some bags may be substantially rectangular and planar in shape. Alternative shapes may utilised, such as an annulus, partial annulus, oval, or square/rectangular with the centre portion removed. Such bag shapes may enable a reduced number of bags to be used, thus providing for an easier construction of any necessary containment structure and potentially reducing the amount of time that explosives disposal personnel need to spend in the immediate vicinity of the device to be detonated.
  • a number of bags may be used together in a configuration to completely or partially surround an explosive.
  • the bags may be arranged in an overlapping configuration such as might conventionally be used to construct a wall or other structure from sandbags or construction blocks.
  • the structure may at least partially enclose the explosive from above as well as at a side.
  • an igloo type shape structure might be appropriate.
  • the bags may be used to suppress fragmentation for a range of explosive devices such as, landmines, unexploded air launched ordinance including cluster bomb "bomblets” and other air-dropped bombs, unexploded ground-launched ordinance such as thrown or fired grenades, mortar shells and artillery shells.
  • explosive devices such as, landmines, unexploded air launched ordinance including cluster bomb "bomblets” and other air-dropped bombs, unexploded ground-launched ordinance such as thrown or fired grenades, mortar shells and artillery shells.
  • Specific tests have been carried out to judge the efficiency of the bags at containing the fragmentation and/or blast from various landmines, cluster bomb "bomblets” and mortar shells as these are types of ordinance which have often left behind to kill, injure or maim civilians in recent conflicts around the world. The efforts of the inventors have therefore centred on developing a system for dealing safely with devices of this type.
  • detonation could be achieved by laying waterbags directly over as well as around the ordinance and using the pressure caused by the increasing weight of the waterbag as water is applied to cause detonation.
  • These "low-tech” detonation approaches may have particular application in locations where a supply of detonators is expensive and hard to transport securely and safely, such as many remote regions where guerrilla armies or government forces may have placed minefields in order to hamper one-another's movements.
  • the absorbent bags may be in the form of a 'waterbag'.
  • fluids other than water may be used to saturate the bag, the main requirement for such a being that the fluid will not ignite or burn when the explosive is detonated.
  • the explosive ordinance includes one or more mortar shells, artillery shells, cluster munitions and other air delivered munitions.
  • the explosive may include one or more of sensor bombs, timer bombs, mines, cluster bombs, or home-made explosives/bombs.
  • the sound absorbing qualities of the gel within the waterbag were found to be generally superior to that of sand. Hence, use of absorbent bags or waterbags can potentially reduce the penetration of sound generated during detonation.
  • the absorbent bag 1 includes an outer lining 2 comprising a material such as heavy duty absorbent paper and an absorbent core 3.
  • the absorbent core 3 includes absorbent crystals. As illustrated in Figure 2a , these crystals have low volume when dry and so make the bag low in bulk for storage and transportation. When the bag 1 is saturated, the crystals absorb a large amount of fluid to form an absorbent gelling polymer capable to retaining fluid, such as water. This is illustrated in Figure 2b where it is clear that the volume of the absorbent core 3 has significantly increased over the above and dry or unsaturated state. Preferably, the gelling polymer is able to retain the fluid even whilst under pressure from the weight of any bags which may be layered above.
  • Absorbent crystals suitable for use in the absorbent core include, so-called super absorbent polymers, including the product Super Absorbent PolymerTM.
  • Such crystals may include sodium polyacrylate (which is used in many disposable nappies/diapers for children and infants) or a polyacrylamide with a potassium salt base (which in fact is a slow-release agent sometimes used in soil moisture applications). These types of substances can hold up to 200 times their own weight of water.
  • the bags may be saturated either in situ or off-site and then transported to the location where there bags will be used. According to the present examples, use of the bags will be to reduce the fragmentation and/or blast and/or noise effects of an explosive device such as an item of explosive ordnance.
  • the explosive could be almost any of launched, dropped or fired explosive such as rockets or mortar shells.
  • the explosive could also be a placed explosive, which could be triggered to explode by pressure sensor, proximity sensor, material type sensor (e.g. magnetic sensor), disturbance sensor (e.g. tripwire) or timer. Examples of such could include mines, cluster bombs "bomblets”, demolition charges, car bombs and other devices such as may be used by any form of military or paramilitary organisation.
  • all the bags may be saturated nearby and then subsequently stacked to form the protective wall.
  • a first layer of bags may be placed in location adjacent the explosive ordnance and then saturated. This process is can then be repeated for each subsequent layer of bags until a suitable height is reached.
  • a number of layers may be placed simultaneously and then saturated together.
  • water is used to saturate the bags as it is generally a readily available source of fluid.
  • other fluids may be used in substitution, such as, any other fluid which would not explode or burn as a result of the detonation of the ordinance.
  • many differing amounts and layouts of bags may be used to build the protective wall or structure adjacent the explosive ordnance.
  • the arrangement will depend on the type of explosive to be detonated and the type of detonation device used.
  • the structure might comprise a wall built surrounding the device.
  • the wall might be constructed by randomly stacking bags or by laying the bags in a deliberate pattern.
  • An example of a simple wall layout 4 arranged adjacent an explosive device 5 is shown in Figure 3 .
  • a wall of bags may be constructed according to a recognised bricklaying type pattern, such as a stretcher, Flemish or English bond.
  • a wall configuration as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6 may be used.
  • the bags are stacked one on top of the other and arc positioned so that the explosive device 5 is surrounded by the bag. Saturation has caused the bags to begin swelling to form a wall portion surrounding the explosive. If greater blast suppression is required, more layers can be added prior to detonating the explosive device.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 4 illustrates an 881b mortar shell and the arrangements shown in Figures 5 and 6 illustrate landmines.
  • a wall having a thickness of a single standard sandbag sized bag might be sufficient.
  • a greater wall thickness might appropriate.
  • a UK BL755 cluster bomb sub-munition (“bomblet”) was detonated using a 4oz (0.12Kg) PE4 charge from a position underneath a stack of 9 saturated bags.
  • Each bag used in this trial was substantially rectangular and had dimensions 450x570mm and was saturated with approximately 20 litres of water.
  • Witness screens were crected at 1m and 5m distances. Following the detonation, no fragmentation damage was observed at either witness screen. Some of the bags were damaged by the fragmentation pieces and the blast, and some pieces of saturated gel from the bags were observed to have been distributed up to 5m from the munition.
  • an L36A2 81mm high explosive mortar shall was placed in the centre of a surrounding wall consisting of 80 bags laid three courses high.
  • the shell was detonated using an 8oz (0.23Kg) PE4 charge using L2A1 electric detonator.
  • Witness screens were placed at 5m distance. Following the detonation, no fragmentation damage was observed on any witness screen.
  • the bags were scattered in a localised area around the shell. The overall effectiveness in mitigating blast and fragmentation was observed to be approximately equal to that provided by a wall consisting of 80 regulation size sandbags.
  • the explosive may be located other than on a ground surface.
  • explosive may be located within a motor vehicle. In such an example, it might be appropriate to build a wall around the motor vehicle and/or to cover the motor vehicle with bags.
  • the bag or bags may be placed over the explosive in an unsaturated state and then exposed to liquid to saturate the bag.
  • Such an arrangement could be used for clearing of minefields, where unsaturated bags placed over the mine would be insufficient to detonate the mine.
  • the bags could then be saturated from a safe distance using, for example, a hose to the bags or by spraying liquid from a distance.
  • the bags saturate the weight will increase, eventually reaching a loading sufficient to detonate the mine.
  • the bag or bags will be sufficiently saturated to limit the blast effect from the mine.
  • This system could be applied to both anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines, with the number of bags used being adjusted according to the pressure loading required to detonate the mine and the expected explosive power of the mine.
  • the barrage unit 6 comprises a jute fabric outer sack 7 and a hydrophilic polymer liner 8.
  • the sack/liner houses a plurality of alternating layers of SAP 9 and pulp fibre 10
  • barrage units 11 were stacked together to form a dam 12 across a door 13. It is apparent that a water tight barrage was formed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Barriere, die einen Schutz vor Druckwellen- und/oder Fragmentierungsteilen umfasst, indem Druckwellen- oder Fragmentierungsteile von einer Explosion während der Detonation unterdrückt werden, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst:
    (a) Bereitstellen von einer oder mehreren Barriereeinheiten (6, 11, 14), wobei jede Barriereeinheit (6, 11, 14) eine poröse Tasche oder einen porösen Sack (1, 7) mit einem absorbierenden Kern (3) umfasst, der ein absorbierendes kristallines Material (9) und ein absorbierendes Fasermaterial (10) umfasst, wobei das absorbierende kristalline Material (9) ein superabsorbierendes Polymer umfasst;
    (b) Positionieren der einen oder mehreren Barriereeinheiten (6, 11, 14) direkt über einem Sprengstoff (S) in einem ungesättigten Zustand vor der Detonation des Sprengstoffs (S), und
    (c) Beaufschlagen der einen oder mehreren Barriereeinheiten (6, 11, 14) mit einer Flüssigkeit, um die Barriereeinheit (6, 11, 14) derart zu sättigen, dass die Gewichtszunahme der Barriereeinheit (6, 11, 14) den Sprengstoff (S) detonieren lässt;
    wobei die eine oder mehreren Barriereeinheiten (6, 11, 14) derart angeordnet sind, dass bei der Detonation die eine oder mehreren Barriereeinheiten (6, 11, 14) wenigstens einige der Druckwellenfragmentierungsteile absorbieren.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Barriereeinheiten (6, 11, 14) in eine Wand (4) gebaut und sodann benetzt werden.
EP11174040.3A 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem Active EP2397811B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0701068A GB0701068D0 (en) 2007-01-19 2007-01-19 Suppression
GB0717299A GB0717299D0 (en) 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Defence system
EP07020397A EP1947247A3 (de) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem

Related Parent Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07020397 Previously-Filed-Application 2007-10-18
EP07020397.1 Division 2007-10-18
EP07020397A Division EP1947247A3 (de) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem
EP07020397A Previously-Filed-Application EP1947247A3 (de) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2397811A2 EP2397811A2 (de) 2011-12-21
EP2397811A3 EP2397811A3 (de) 2014-06-11
EP2397811B1 true EP2397811B1 (de) 2017-01-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11174040.3A Active EP2397811B1 (de) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem
EP07020397A Withdrawn EP1947247A3 (de) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07020397A Withdrawn EP1947247A3 (de) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Verteidigungssystem

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170030696A1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2017-02-02 Environmental Defence Systems Limited A Method and Apparatus for Controlling a Hazardous Device
US20170030040A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-02-02 Levice Invest, S.R.O. Self-filling flood-protection bag
GB2541208B (en) * 2015-08-13 2021-08-11 Environmental Defence Systems Ltd A method of inhibiting a blast from an explosive
FR3092347B1 (fr) 2019-02-06 2022-12-16 Aprotek Nouvel article absorbant pour la retention d’eau
JP6793981B1 (ja) * 2019-09-27 2020-12-02 株式会社協栄包装 水嚢袋の使用方法

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2331241A (en) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-19 Michael Pochin Marius Wright Antiblast or anti-detonation system
RU2150669C1 (ru) * 1999-03-15 2000-06-10 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное объединение специальных материалов" Устройство локализации воздействий взрывных механизмов
WO2005085746A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-15 Cintec International Limited Bomb bin

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DE3325067A1 (de) * 1983-07-12 1985-01-24 Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher Hochwasserschutz
US4650368A (en) 1985-05-10 1987-03-17 American Threshold Industries, Inc. Flood water containment bag
CH676262A5 (de) * 1988-11-09 1990-12-28 Ebiox Ag
JPH0674573B2 (ja) * 1990-03-16 1994-09-21 東京都 吸水性ゲル水のう用吸水材
JP3363273B2 (ja) * 1994-11-02 2003-01-08 三洋化成工業株式会社 土のう
NL1000624C2 (nl) * 1995-06-21 1996-12-24 Huvec B V Inrichting voor het opnemen van vocht, en werkwijze voor de vervaardiging daarvan.
JPH1161773A (ja) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-05 Kanebo Ltd 吸水性ゲル水嚢
JP2001355219A (ja) * 2000-04-12 2001-12-26 Toa Shoji Kk 可搬式敷設体
WO2002036053A2 (de) * 2000-11-06 2002-05-10 Roehm Klaus Absorptionsmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
MXPA06000250A (es) * 2003-07-11 2006-07-03 Steve A Slater Bolsas barrera interconectadas en secciones.
CN2778879Y (zh) * 2005-03-06 2006-05-10 王洪英 抗洪涝吸水膨胀应急袋

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2331241A (en) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-19 Michael Pochin Marius Wright Antiblast or anti-detonation system
RU2150669C1 (ru) * 1999-03-15 2000-06-10 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное объединение специальных материалов" Устройство локализации воздействий взрывных механизмов
WO2005085746A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-15 Cintec International Limited Bomb bin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1947247A2 (de) 2008-07-23
EP2397811A2 (de) 2011-12-21
EP1947247A3 (de) 2008-09-03
EP2397811A3 (de) 2014-06-11

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