EP2387465B1 - Compact crusher having a inclined rotor relative to the axis of the feed chute - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the field of the treatment of materials of all origins, in particular by shredding by means of crushers or hammer mills, or the like, and relates to a compact crusher having a rotor inclined with respect to the axis of the feed chute.

The recovery of metal products from spent objects, especially motor vehicles, by crushers or grinders, is generally carried out by introducing the objects into a hammer mill, via a introduction ramp equipped with a crushing drum; said hammer mill tears and shreds the material entering, by interaction with one or more anvils, ejects and / or discharges through screen walls mechanical waste obtained having a given size. This waste is then treated for disposal of unsuitable materials for reuse and sorting of the remaining materials according to their metallurgical characteristics.

Hammer mills known to date, whose hammers are generally mounted on a rotor constituted by a disk assembly and are eclipsable in the rotor generally allow a correct grinding of the products to a predetermined density.

However, these known mills are generally in the form of large units, capable of achieving a very high daily output and are only suitable for treatment centers dimensioned accordingly. As a result, in order to make facilities of this size profitable, these must necessarily be reduced in number to cover a large supply area. However, even if the size of such grinding plants makes it possible to reduce their number, it necessarily requires relatively large transport paths to bring products to grinding at these facilities.

However, large-scale transport of waste for treatment necessarily entails significant pollution by means of transport and therefore a very unfavorable ecological impact.

In addition, the existing grinding plants are extremely energy-intensive, because the grinding rotor drive requires engines of very high power. Indeed, because the rotors are large and extend over the entire width of the feed troughs, these rotors tend to pull the material to be grinded so that there is a risk of jamming causing a demand important instant power.

It has also been proposed, in order to reduce the bulk, to produce vertical mills, in which the rotor is disposed vertically in a grinding chamber, which is fed from above. However, in such grinders, the disadvantages mentioned above remain, because the control of the power supply can not be ensured, so that very high instantaneous power peaks remain. Moreover, this type of crusher can receive only products of reduced size, pre-cut or pre-milled.

Finally, by the document FR 2 660 213 , there is known a mill consisting essentially of a feed chute opening on a rotor provided with grinding hammers and / or cutting cooperating with a grinding chamber provided with screening walls, a crushing element that can be provided upstream of the rotor, above the feed chute and away from it.

However, this known mill also has at least some of the aforementioned disadvantages.

The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a compact crusher for processing these materials directly to their place of collection, without requiring additional transportation and with a reduced energy expenditure.

For this purpose, the compact crusher according to the preamble of claim 1 is characterized in that the axis of the rotor is inclined relative to the axis of the feed chute forming with the latter an acute angle.

• la figure 1 est une vue en élévation latérale et partiellement en coupe d'un broyeur conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention, et
• les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues analogues à celle de la figure 1 d'autres variantes de réalisation de l'invention.

The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which refers to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which:

• the figure 1 is a side elevational view and partially in section of a grinder according to the invention;
• the figure 2 is a view similar to that of the figure 1 , an alternative embodiment of the invention, and
• the Figures 3 and 4 are views similar to that of the figure 1 other embodiments of the invention.

The figure 1 The accompanying drawings show, by way of example, a compact crusher, which consists essentially of feeding chute 1 opening on a rotor 2 provided with grinding and / or cutting hammers 3 cooperating with a crushing chamber 4 provided with screen walls 5. This mill may optionally be provided, upstream of the rotor 2, with a crushing element 6 extending above the feed chute 1 and at a distance therefrom.

In known manner, the chute 1 is preferably inclined to facilitate feeding the rotor 2 by gravity. Similarly, the rotor 2 can be driven by one or more hydraulic motors, by a heat engine or by one or more electric motors. In addition, the rotor 2 can be equipped with a mix of hammers or tools 3 fixed and articulated.

The crushing element 6 can be mounted on an articulated arm 6 'or on sliders arranged laterally to the feed chute 1 and be moved by hydraulic cylinders. The crusher 6 can be constituted, in itself, in the form of a roller driven by a reversible rotational movement which can crush but also regulate and dose the power supply ( Figures 1 and 2 ) or by a plate-shaped element or bar actuated by a piston perpendicular to the plane of the feed chute 1. Moreover, the grinding chamber 4 is conveniently provided, in addition to the screening screens 5, anvils , counter-tools, shock screens and ejection valves not shown in detail and known per se.

According to the invention and as shown more particularly figure 1 In the accompanying drawings, the axis of the rotor 2 is inclined relative to the axis of the feed chute 1 forming with it an acute angle. Thus, because of the inclination of the axis of the rotor 2 in the direction of the feed chute 1, forming at its base an acute angle, the products to be ground, fed to the feed chute 1 and possibly beforehand compacted by the crushing element 6, are processed progressively, which avoids jams and significant demands for instantaneous power.

Of course, in a particular embodiment, it may be envisaged to produce a mill in which the axis of the rotor 2 is vertical. In such a case, the products to be treated will be slowed, in their progress towards the rotor, by corresponding arrangements.

According to a characteristic of the invention, the bevelled space between the inclined rotor 2 and the bottom of the chute 1 serves as a grinding chamber and shredded and is lined with screens or shock elements (not shown).

On the representations of Figures 1 and 2 , the lower end of the chute 1 tangents the lower end of the action space of the tools 3 of the rotor 2. However, the lower end of the chute 1, on the side of the rotor, can also be located at n any height relative to the length of the rotor. However, preferably, the junction between the bottom of the chute and the rotor is performed at the lowest point of the latter or in the immediate vicinity, to ensure the product to be processed a gradual grinding.

According to one characteristic of the invention, the rotor has a working diameter, that is to say corresponding to the deployment of the tools, which is at most equal to the width of the feed chute 1.

The feed chute 1 may have an angular shape, determined by a flat bottom and vertical side walls, at least until close to the crusher 6, this angular shape extending by a progressive bending of the lateral parts of the junction between the side walls and the bottom, as well as said side walls and the bottom to end in a section and shape substantially corresponding to those of the rotor 2, near the junction end between the bottom of the feed chute 2 and said rotor 1. As a result, the portion of the material to be treated, which is compacted by the crusher 6 on the upstream portion of the feed chute 1 and located near the side walls, is progressively brought closer to the swept space by the tools 3 of the rotor 2 and is thus also ground.

Of course, it is also possible to make the feed chute 1 entirely with a curved cross section, regular or irregular, that is to say whose section is gradually approaching that corresponding to the space swept by the tools of the rotor 2.

In such a case, it will obviously be necessary to compact the products to be treated by means of suitable devices such as, for example, one or more longitudinal bars applied to the product along the median longitudinal axis of the chute. 1.

It is also possible, according to another embodiment of the invention not shown in the accompanying drawings, to provide the bottom of the chute 1 fixed profiles or protuberances, removable or retractable, delimiting by their generatrix, a progressive curved section. Thus, an effect similar to that described above can be obtained.

According to another alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, the lower part of the chute 1 close to the rotor 2 may be equipped with a slide movable by means of a jack and having a curved shape or projections on its edges and at the junction of its edges and the bottom part. Thus, during a displacement of the slide, in the direction of the rotor 2, the parts of products not normally entering the field of action of the tools 3 of the rotor 2, are displaced in this field of action and crushed. Of course, such a slider must be assigned a relatively fast reciprocating movement to allow the movement of the product to be processed in the direction of the rotor 2 to continue.

According to another characteristic of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, the feed chute 1 or the rotor 2 can be mounted on a hinge so as to allow their mutual tilting towards one another, in order to make a variation of the acute angle of inclination between the axis of the rotor 2 and the feed chute 1. This results in the possibility, during a reduction of the acute angle between the chute 1 and the axis rotor 2, to achieve a more progressive attack of the products to be treated by the tools of the rotor 2, so that the power required for treatment can be further reduced.

According to another characteristic of the invention and as shown by Figures 3 and 4 In the accompanying drawings, the chute 1 may also be equipped, at its upper part, perpendicularly ( figure 3 ) or in parallel ( figure 4 ) at its longitudinal axis, at least two shredding shafts 8 for the purpose of reducing the size of the elements to be treated. Such shredding, prior to grinding, allows a reduction in the power required for grinding, as well as an improvement in the yield of said grinding, a prior reduction of the size of the waste being already performed.

According to another embodiment of the invention, represented at figure 2 In the accompanying drawings, the mill may be further provided upstream of the rotor 2 and, if appropriate, upstream or downstream of the crusher 6, with a densification and shearing device 7, or only with a shearing device, in the form of a guillotine shear for reducing the length of the materials to be treated, this device opening into the feed chute 1, laterally, from above or through its bottom through an opening provided or not a removable or retractable closure flap (not shown) Such a device makes it possible, in particular, to avoid the penetration of products of too great length in the field of action of the tools 3 of the rotor 2 and, thus, a possible stuffing by driving of these products.

Furthermore, it is also possible to equip the feed chute 1, upstream of the crushing element 6, laterally, either on one side or on both sides, pushers opening through the side walls, to reduce the dimensions of the materials to be treated by compaction. In such a case, it is possible to implement a rotor 2 of reduced diameter with respect to the width of the feed chute 1.

Such pushers may advantageously be in the form of sliders individually actuated not cylinders and affected by a movement back and forth. It would also be possible to realize the pushers in the form of articulated side wall elements. The implementation of such pushers ensures a continuous flow of materials and the approximation of the material in the corner portions to the field of action of the tools 3 of the rotor 2.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the feed chute 1 may be provided, in its lower part in the immediate vicinity of the inlet of the grinding chamber 4 and before the anvils of the latter, with access doors. can also serve as ejection valves non-grindable products and being internally lined or not calibration grid elements.

The grinding chamber 4 may, in addition, be equipped, in its opposite portion to the feed chute 1 of a hood, which may or may not be lined with elements of sizing grids, hinged in its upper part and being able to open at its lower part by means of hydraulic cylinders, thus ensuring the maintenance of the rotor 2 or to form a non-grinding elements ejection valve.

It is also possible to mount the hood, fitted to the grinding chamber 4, in its opposite portion to the feed chute 1, on said grinding chamber 4, in a pivotable manner, indifferently about an axis of greater rotation or around a lower axis of rotation, by providing hinge and locking means retractable. Indeed, it is sufficient, in such a case, to provide for the mounting of a cover pivotally successively but not simultaneously around two axes, that is to say to achieve the junction of the upper part and the part low of hood to the grinding chamber, by means of removable pins, the disassembly of the pin corresponding to the lower part allowing a tilting of the cover upwards and, conversely, the disassembly of the pin corresponding to the upper part, allowing a tilting from the hood down. In the first case, the cover serves as an ejection valve and, in the other case, the cover can be tilted for maintenance purposes.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the screening grids 5 of the grinding chamber 4 may either be arranged equidistant from the tools 3 of the rotor 2 over the entire height of the rotor 2, or at a progressively decreasing distance from the top of the rotor. In the latter case, a grinding and progressive densification space is obtained.

According to another embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, the axis of the rotor 2 can also be arranged obliquely with respect to the vertical plane passing through the axis of the bottom of the chute and inclined with respect to the axis of the feed chute 1 forming with the latter an acute angle. Such an arrangement allows to sweep with the tools 3 of the rotor 2 the entire width of the chute 1, with a rotor diameter less than the width of the chute 1, the beat circle of the tools 3 being used more wisely.

This arrangement of the rotor 2 further allows a gradual penetration of the materials between the space formed by the rotor 2 and the bottom of the chute 1, due to a smaller rotor diameter than the width of the chute.

The arrangement of the cutting tools 3 of the rotor 2 on the latter can be carried out with the provision of tools 3 movable at both ends of the rotor and fixed tools in the middle part of the rotor, the tools provided in the lower part being fixed on the outer face of the rotor 2, or alternatively by a staggered arrangement of stationary tools and moving tools. A prediction of mobile tools at the ends makes it possible to optimize the shredding and the drive of the products towards the anvils and towards the calibration grids 5, whereas the prediction of tools similar to the lower part makes it possible to scrape the products located while at the bottom of the rotor 2.

Finally, according to another characteristic of the invention, the lower wall of the grinding chamber 4, corresponding to the end lower rotor 2, is advantageously provided with product discharge openings to prevent rotor jamming or premature wear by friction.

It is also possible, according to another embodiment of the invention not shown in the accompanying drawings, to arrange the rotor 2 so that its lower part extends below the level of the feed chute 1 and to provide said rotor 2, on its upper face, cutting tools and / or shredding. Thus, the compacted material arriving on the feed chute 1 may undergo, at its upper part, a milling action by the tools disposed on the upper face of the rotor 2 and be driven into the grinding chamber 4, while the lower part of the rotor 2, located below the level of the feed chute 1, will form, with the grinding chamber 4, a densification zone.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to realize a compact crusher for a progressive supply of the grinding chamber, so that the power required for the rotor drive motor can be substantially reduced, the jolts load resulting from clogging or jamming being avoided.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (20)

1. Compact mill, essentially made up of a feed chute (1) opening onto a rotor (2) equipped with grinding and/or cutting hammers (3) collaborating with a grinding drum (4) provided with screen walls (5), it being possible for a crushing element (6) to be provided upstream of the rotor (2), above the feed chute (1) and some distance therefrom, characterized in that the axis of the rotor (2) is inclined, making an acute angle with the feed chute (1).
2. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bevelled space between the inclined rotor (2) and the bottom of the chute (1) serves as a grinding and shredding chamber and is lined with screens or impact elements.
3. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (2) has a working diameter, which means to say a diameter corresponding to the deployment of the tools, which is at most equal to the width of the feed chute (1).
4. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed chute (1) has an angular shape determined by a flat bottom and vertical lateral walls, at least as far as the vicinity of the crusher (6), this angular shape being extended by a progressive curvature of the lateral connecting parts where the lateral and bottom walls meet, and of the said lateral walls and of the bottom in order to culminate in a cross section and shape corresponding substantially to those of the rotor (2), near the junction end where the bottom of the feed chute (2) and the said rotor (1) meet.
5. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed chute (1) is produced entirely with a regular or irregular curved cross section which means to say one in which the cross section progressively approximates to the cross section corresponding to the space swept by the tools of the rotor (2).
6. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the chute (1) is equipped with fixed, removable or retractable profiles or protuberances which by their generatrix define a progressively curved cross section.
7. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the chute (1) near the rotor (2) may be equipped with a slide that can be moved by means of an actuating cylinder and has a curved shape or projections on its edges and at the junction between its edges and the bottom part.
8. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed chute (1) or the rotor (2) is mounted on an articulation in such a way as to allow these to pivot toward one another in order to vary the acute angle of inclination between the axis of the rotor (2) and the feed chute (1).
9. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the chute (1) is equipped, at its upper part, at right angles or parallel to its longitudinal axis, with at least two shredding shafts (8) in order to reduce the size of the matter that is to be processed.
10. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is further equipped, upstream of the rotor (2) and, where applicable, upstream or downstream of the crusher (6), with a densification and shearing device (7) or only with a shearing device, in the form of a guillotine shear in order to reduce the length of the matter to be processed, this device opening into the feed chute (1) laterally, from above or from the bottom thereof through an opening which may or may not be equipped with a removable or retractable closure flap.
11. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed chute (1) is equipped, upstream of the crushing element (6), laterally, either on one side or on both sides, with pushers opening through the lateral walls, to reduce the dimensions of the matter that is to be processed using compacting.
12. Mill according to Claim 11, characterized in that the pushers take the form of slides actuated individually by actuating cylinders and to which a reciprocating movement is imparted.
13. Mill according to Claim 11, characterized in that the pushers are in the form of articulated lateral wall elements.
14. Mill according to Claim 11, characterized in that the feed chute (1) is provided, in its lower part in the immediate vicinity of the inlet to the grinding drum (4) and before the anvils thereof, with access hatches which may also be used as shutters for ejecting products that cannot be ground, and which may or may not be internally lined with screening screen elements.
15. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding drum (4) is equipped, in its opposite part to the feed chute (1), with a cap which may or may not be lined with screening screen elements, which is articulated in its upper part and which can open at its lower part by means of hydraulic actuating cylinders.
16. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding drum (4) is equipped, in its opposite part to the feed chute (1), with a cap mounted so that it can pivot either about an upper axis of rotation or about a lower axis of rotation, through the provision of retractable articulation and locking means.
17. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the screening screens (5) of the grinding drum (4) are either arranged equidistant from the tools (3) of the rotor (2) over the entire height of the rotor (2) or arranged at a distance that decreases progressively from the top of the rotor.
18. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the rotor (2) is arranged obliquely with respect to the vertical plane passing through the axis of the bottom of the chute and at an angle with respect to the axis of the feed chute (1), forming an acute angle with the latter.
19. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lower wall of the grinding drum (4), corresponding to the lower end of the rotor (2), is equipped with product discharge openings.
20. Mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (2) is arranged in such a way that its lower part extends below the level of the feed chute (1) and is provided, on its upper face, with cutting and/or shredding tools, the lower part of the rotor (2), situated below the level of the feed chute (1), forming, with the grinding drum (4), a densification zone.

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