EP2380394A1 - Household device having at least one power inverter - Google Patents
Household device having at least one power inverterInfo
- Publication number
- EP2380394A1 EP2380394A1 EP09796993A EP09796993A EP2380394A1 EP 2380394 A1 EP2380394 A1 EP 2380394A1 EP 09796993 A EP09796993 A EP 09796993A EP 09796993 A EP09796993 A EP 09796993A EP 2380394 A1 EP2380394 A1 EP 2380394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- damping
- domestic appliance
- semiconductor switches
- capacitors
- appliance according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
- H05B6/062—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
- H05B2213/03—Heating plates made out of a matrix of heating elements that can define heating areas adapted to cookware randomly placed on the heating plate
Definitions
- the invention relates to a domestic appliance with at least one inverter according to the preamble of claim 1.
- an induction hob with several inverters comprising two connected to one pole of a DC voltage source semiconductor switch. Parallel to each semiconductor switch, a damping capacitor is arranged, which prevents undesired ringing of a resonant resonant circuit comprising the inductors of the hob after switching operations of the semiconductor switches. The ringing leads to scattering losses, which can adversely affect the overall efficiency of the hob.
- the snubber capacitor must be properly sized.
- the dimensioning of the damping capacitor depends, in particular, on the expected power, which is transmitted via the semiconductor switches before or after the switching operations.
- many similar inductors are flexibly grouped into heating zones which are formed depending on a position and / or size of a detected cookware element set up on the hob.
- a desired heat output determined by a user selected power level is then fed to the various inducers of the heating zone.
- An inverter can then supply one or more inductors with a suitable heating current.
- the total power to be generated by an inverter is therefore much more dependent on the situation than in traditional induction hobs in which an inductor is always supplied by a single inverter.
- the invention is in particular the object of providing a domestic appliance with an inverter that can be operated with a particularly high efficiency can.
- the object is achieved by a domestic appliance having the features of the independent claim 1.
- the invention is based, in particular, on a household appliance with at least one inverter which comprises at least two semiconductor switches connected to different poles of a DC voltage source.
- Each of the semiconductor switches is associated with a damping arrangement which is arranged parallel to one of the semiconductor switches.
- the poles of the DC voltage source may be a positive and a negative pole or a ground and a pole with a zero voltage value.
- the DC voltage source may in particular comprise a rectifier for rectifying a mains voltage of a household power grid.
- the term "damping constant" is intended to denote a complex-valued damping constant.
- the damping arrangement may in particular comprise one or more capacitors and / or one or more resistors.
- the damping arrangement comprises a damping capacitor system, wherein the means for adjusting a total capacity of the damping capacitor system is designed.
- the damping capacitor system can either comprise a capacitor with an adjustable capacitance, for example a variable capacitor, or a plurality of capacitors which can be switched on and off.
- a symmetrical damping of both semiconductor switches can be ensured if the means for simultaneous, in particular symmetrical changing the Damping constants of the damping arrangements of both semiconductor switches is designed.
- the damping arrangement comprises a plurality of switching elements and a plurality of capacitors, each of which can be connected by closing a switching element.
- capacitors have different capacitances and can be switched independently of one another, a particularly wide variety of possible values of the capacitances can be achieved by the choice of suitable combinations of capacitors.
- the advantages of the invention in particular in connection with domestic appliances come to fruition, which are designed as induction hobs. Because of the widely varying loads, the inventive concept can be used particularly profitably in cooktops of the matrix type.
- the domestic appliance comprises a control unit which adjusts the total capacity or damping constant as a function of a nominal power transmitted via the semiconductor switches.
- Other parameters may be an amplitude of the AC voltage generated by the inverter, a dielectric loss angle of a consumer system powered by the inverter, and / or a total inductance of that system.
- the attenuation constant may be changed in steps as the relevant parameters reach certain thresholds.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a circuit with an inverter and damping arrangements
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit with an inverter and a damping arrangement according to an alternative embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 1 shows an induction hob with a matrix of inductors 30 and a control unit 32 which can detect a cookware element 34 placed on the hob and determine the size and shape of the bottom of the cookware element 34 or several cookware elements.
- the control unit 32 summarizes a plurality of inductors 30 to form a flexibly definable heating zone 36.
- a user can set a power level for the heating zone 36 or for a plurality of heating zones 36.
- the control unit 32 interconnects a plurality of inverters 10 of a power supply unit 40 with the inducers 30 of the heating zone 36 so that the inducers 30 of the heating zone 36 couple a total heating power dependent on the set power level into the cookware element 34.
- the inverters 10 or an inverter 10 generate a high-frequency alternating current with a frequency in the order of magnitude of 50-100 kHz, which flows through the inductors 30 and generates a magnetic field which changes with the same frequency.
- the magnetic field in turn, generates alternating currents in the ferromagnetic bottom of the cookware element 34, thereby heating that bottom.
- the power supply unit 40 comprises a DC voltage source 12 which comprises a rectifier 42 and a filter circuit 44.
- the rectifier 42 is connected to a phase of a household power network 46. Although only one power supply unit 40 is shown in FIG. 1, in practice the hob is fed by two power supply units which are connected to two phases of the household power network 46.
- a likewise controlled by the control unit 32 circuitry 48 is provided, can be made and separated via the flexibly configurable connections between the inverters 10 and the inductors 30.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit with an inverter 10, which comprises two semiconductor switches 14, 16.
- Each of the semiconductor switches 14, 16 consists of a transistor 50, in particular an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and a diode 52.
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- the inverter 10 with the two semiconductor switches 14, 16 is constructed in a half-bridge topology.
- An upper contact point 54 is connected to a positive output of the DC voltage source 12, and a lower contact point 56 of the circuit is connected to the ground potential.
- each of the damping assemblies 18, 20 includes two capacitors 28a, 28b. A first capacitor 28a is hardwired to the corresponding semiconductor switch 14, 16.
- the two capacitors 28a of the upper and lower semiconductor switches 14, 16 are each connected to a center of the inverter 10, to which the inductor 30 is also connected.
- Each of the damping arrangements 18, 20 additionally comprises a further capacitor 28b.
- the two capacitors 28b are connected in common with an input of a switching element 26, which may be formed, for example, as an electromechanical relay. By closing the switching element 26, the two capacitors 28b can also be connected to the center of the inverter 10, so that the capacitors 28b are connected in parallel with the corresponding semiconductor switch 14, 16.
- the switching element 26 therefore forms, in interaction with the capacitors 28a, 28b, a means 22 for varying a damping constant of the damping arrangements 18, 20.
- By closing the switching element 26, the damping constants of both damping arrangements 18, 20 are changed simultaneously in the same way.
- the capacitors 28a, 28b together form a flexibly configurable snubber capacitor system 24.
- the control unit 32 (FIG. 1) can control the switching element 26 via a control line not shown here. In order to match the total capacitance of the damping assemblies 18, 20 to a load of the inductor 30, the control unit 32 closes the switching element 26 when a load of the inductor or a power transmitted through the semiconductor switches 14, 16 exceeds a threshold.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show alternative embodiments of the invention. The following description is essentially limited to differences from the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in order to avoid repetition. With regard to consistent features, reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit with three pairs of capacitors 28a, 28b, 28c, wherein in each case a part of the pair is assigned to one of the semiconductor switches 14, 16 or one of the damping arrangements 18, 20.
- the capacitors 28a are hardwired to the semiconductor switches 14, 16, and the capacitors 28b and 28c can each be switched on or off by switching elements 26a, 26b.
- the control unit 32 can thereby choose between three possible values of the total capacitance of the damping arrangements 18, 20, between the capacitance of the capacitors 28a, between the sum of the capacitances of the capacitors 28a and 28b and between the sum of the capacitances of all three capacitors 28a, 28b, 28c.
- the capacitances of the capacitors 28b and 28c have the same value, so that the total capacity of the damping capacitor system can be increased starting from a basic value in two stages with the same distance.
- FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention, in which switching elements 26a, 26b for connecting capacitors 28b, 28c of the damping capacitor system 24 are not connected in series one behind the other, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, but in parallel with the center of FIG Inverter 10 are connected.
- the capacitors 28b, 28c preferably have different capacitances, so that a different total capacitance can be achieved by closing the switching element 26a when the switching element 26b is open than by closing the switching element 26b when the switching element 26a is open. Altogether four different values of the total capacity are adjustable.
- the control unit 32 can prevent leakage during operation.
- the total capacitance, and hence the attenuation constant, of the attenuator assemblies 18, 20 can be matched to the load, such that substantial ringing of the resonant circuits formed by the resonant capacitors 58 and the inductor 10 and discharge of oversized snubber capacitors of one attenuator assembly through the transistor 50 of another Semiconductor circuit can be avoided. At the same time too great inertia of the circuit can be avoided by an over-dimensioned at low power attenuation capacitor.
- Fig. 5 shows power losses in an exemplary embodiment.
- the power losses are composed of line losses, which are represented by a horizontal hatching and switching losses, which are represented by a vertical hatching.
- the left-hand column in FIG. 5 shows the losses at a comparatively high power with the switching element 26 open in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, and the right-hand column in FIG. 5 shows the losses at the same power with the switching element 26 closed and capacitors 28b connected. It can be seen that the switching losses can be significantly reduced.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Induction Heating Cooking Devices (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Hausgerät mit wenigstens einem Wechselrichter Domestic appliance with at least one inverter
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hausgerät mit wenigstens einem Wechselrichter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a domestic appliance with at least one inverter according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der JP 2007 012490 A ist ein Induktionskochfeld mit mehreren Wechselrichtern bekannt, zwei mit einem Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle verbundenen Halbleiterschalter umfassend. Parallel zu jedem Halbleiterschalter ist ein Dämpfungskondensator angeordnet, der ein unerwünschtes Nachschwingen eines die Induktoren des Kochfeldes umfas- senden resonanten Schwingkreises nach Umschaltvorgängen der Halbleiterschalter verhindert. Das Nachschwingen führt zu Streuverlusten, die insgesamt den Wirkungsgrad des Kochfelds negativ beeinflussen können.From JP 2007 012490 A an induction hob with several inverters is known, comprising two connected to one pole of a DC voltage source semiconductor switch. Parallel to each semiconductor switch, a damping capacitor is arranged, which prevents undesired ringing of a resonant resonant circuit comprising the inductors of the hob after switching operations of the semiconductor switches. The ringing leads to scattering losses, which can adversely affect the overall efficiency of the hob.
Um die Leistungsverluste gering zu halten und gleichzeitig schnelle Schaltvorgänge zu ermöglichen, muss der Dämpfungskondensator richtig dimensioniert sein. Die Dimensionierung des Dämpfungskondensators hängt insbesondere von der zu erwartenden Leistung, die vor oder nach den Schaltvorgängen über die Halbleiterschalter übertragen wird, ab. Insbesondere in Induktionskochfeldern vom Mathxtyp werden viele gleichartige Induktoren flexibel zu Heizzonen zusammengefasst, die abhängig von einer Position und/oder Größe eines auf das Kochfeld aufgestellten, detektierten Kochgeschirrelements gebildet werden. Eine abhängig von einer vom Benutzer eingestellten Leistungsstufe bestimmte Soll-Heizleistung wird dann auf die verschiedenen Induktoren der Heizzone verteit. Ein Wechselrichter kann dann einen Induktor oder mehrere Induktoren mit einem geeigneten Heizstrom versorgen. Die von einem Wechselrichter zu erzeugende Gesamtleistung ist daher sehr viel stärker situationsabhängig als in traditionellen Induktionskochfeldem, in denen ein Induktor stets von einem einzigen Wechselrichter versorgt wird.To minimize power losses while allowing fast switching, the snubber capacitor must be properly sized. The dimensioning of the damping capacitor depends, in particular, on the expected power, which is transmitted via the semiconductor switches before or after the switching operations. Especially in induction hobs of the math type, many similar inductors are flexibly grouped into heating zones which are formed depending on a position and / or size of a detected cookware element set up on the hob. A desired heat output determined by a user selected power level is then fed to the various inducers of the heating zone. An inverter can then supply one or more inductors with a suitable heating current. The total power to be generated by an inverter is therefore much more dependent on the situation than in traditional induction hobs in which an inductor is always supplied by a single inverter.
Der Erfindung liegt insbesondere die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Hausgerät mit einem Wechselrichter bereitzustellen, das mit einem besonders hohen Wirkungsgrad betrieben wer- den kann. Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Hausgerät mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The invention is in particular the object of providing a domestic appliance with an inverter that can be operated with a particularly high efficiency can. The object is achieved by a domestic appliance having the features of the independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung geht insbesondere aus von einem Hausgerät mit wenigstens einem Wechselrichter, der wenigstens zwei mit unterschiedlichen Polen einer Gleichspannungsquelle verbundene Halbleiterschalter umfasst. Jedem der Halbleiterschalter ist eine Dämpfungsanordnung zugeordnet, die parallel zu einem der Halbleiterschalter angeordnet ist.The invention is based, in particular, on a household appliance with at least one inverter which comprises at least two semiconductor switches connected to different poles of a DC voltage source. Each of the semiconductor switches is associated with a damping arrangement which is arranged parallel to one of the semiconductor switches.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, das Hausgerät mit wenigstens einem Mittel zum Verstellen einer Dämpfungskonstanten von zumindest einer der Dämpfungsanordnungen auszustatten. Dadurch wird die Möglichkeit einer Anpassung der Dämpfungskonstanten an eine Betriebssituation eröffnet, so dass die Dämpfungskonstante immer auf einen optimalen Wert eingestellt werden kann. Dies führt zu einer Reduktion von Streuverlusten, so dass ein Wirkungsgrad des Hausgeräts insgesamt verbessert werden kann.It is proposed to equip the domestic appliance with at least one means for adjusting a damping constant of at least one of the damping arrangements. This opens up the possibility of adapting the damping constants to an operating situation, so that the damping constant can always be set to an optimum value. This leads to a reduction of scattering losses, so that an overall efficiency of the domestic appliance can be improved.
Die Pole der Gleichspannungsquelle können je nach Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein positiver und ein negativer Pol oder eine Erdung und ein Pol mit einem von Null verschwindenden Spannungswert sein. Die Gleichspannungsquelle kann insbesondere einen Gleichrichter zum Gleichrichten einer Netzspannung eines Haushaltsstromnetzes umfassen. Als „Dämpfungskonstante" soll in diesem Zusammenhang eine komplexwertige Dämpfungskonstante bezeichnet werden.Depending on the embodiment of the invention, the poles of the DC voltage source may be a positive and a negative pole or a ground and a pole with a zero voltage value. The DC voltage source may in particular comprise a rectifier for rectifying a mains voltage of a household power grid. In this context, the term "damping constant" is intended to denote a complex-valued damping constant.
Die Dämpfungsanordnung kann insbesondere einen oder mehrere Kondensatoren und/oder einen oder mehrere Widerstände umfassen.The damping arrangement may in particular comprise one or more capacitors and / or one or more resistors.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Dämpfungsanordnung ein Dämpfungskondensatorsystem, wobei das Mittel zum Verstellen einer Gesamtkapazität des Dämpfungskondensatorsystems ausgelegt ist. Dabei kann das Dämpfungskon- densatorsystem entweder einen Kondensator mit einer verstellbaren Kapazität, beispielsweise einem Drehkondensator, oder mehrere zu- und abschaltbare Kondensatoren umfassen. Eine symmetrische Dämpfung beider Halbleiterschalter kann gewährleistet werden, wenn das Mittel zum gleichzeitigen, insbesondere symmetrischen Verändern der Dämpfungskonstanten der Dämpfungsanordnungen beider Halbleiterschalter ausgelegt ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the damping arrangement comprises a damping capacitor system, wherein the means for adjusting a total capacity of the damping capacitor system is designed. In this case, the damping capacitor system can either comprise a capacitor with an adjustable capacitance, for example a variable capacitor, or a plurality of capacitors which can be switched on and off. A symmetrical damping of both semiconductor switches can be ensured if the means for simultaneous, in particular symmetrical changing the Damping constants of the damping arrangements of both semiconductor switches is designed.
In einer konstruktiv einfachen und flexiblen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschla- gen, dass die Dämpfungsanordnung mehrere Schaltelemente und mehrere Kondensatoren umfasst, die jeweils durch das Schließen eines Schaltelements zuschaltbar sind.In a structurally simple and flexible embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the damping arrangement comprises a plurality of switching elements and a plurality of capacitors, each of which can be connected by closing a switching element.
Wenn die Kondensatoren unterschiedliche Kapazitäten haben und unabhängig voneinander zuschaltbar sind, kann durch die Wahl von geeigneten Kombinationen von Kondensa- toren eine besonders große Vielfalt von möglichen Werten der Kapazitäten erreicht werden.If the capacitors have different capacitances and can be switched independently of one another, a particularly wide variety of possible values of the capacitances can be achieved by the choice of suitable combinations of capacitors.
Wie bereits oben erörtert kommen die Vorteile der Erfindung insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Hausgeräten zum Tragen, die als Induktionskochfelder ausgebildet sind. Wegen der stark variierenden Lasten ist der Erfindungsgedanke besonders gewinnbringend in Kochfeldern vom Matrix-Typ einsetzbar.As already discussed above, the advantages of the invention, in particular in connection with domestic appliances come to fruition, which are designed as induction hobs. Because of the widely varying loads, the inventive concept can be used particularly profitably in cooktops of the matrix type.
Eine automatische Anpassung der Dämpfungsanordnung kann ermöglicht werden, wenn das Hausgerät eine Steuereinheit umfasst, die die Gesamtkapazität bzw. Dämpfungskon- stante abhängig von einer über die Halbleiterschalter übertragenen Soll-Leistung verstellt. Weitere Parameter können eine Amplitude der von dem Wechselrichter erzeugten Wechselspannung, ein dielektrischer Verlustwinkel eines von dem Wechselrichter gespeisten Verbrauchersystems und/oder eine Gesamt-Induktivität dieses Systems sein.An automatic adaptation of the damping arrangement can be made possible if the domestic appliance comprises a control unit which adjusts the total capacity or damping constant as a function of a nominal power transmitted via the semiconductor switches. Other parameters may be an amplitude of the AC voltage generated by the inverter, a dielectric loss angle of a consumer system powered by the inverter, and / or a total inductance of that system.
Dabei ist nicht notwendigerweise eine kontinuierliche Veränderung der Dämpfungskonstanten notwendig. In einfacheren Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung kann die Dämpfungskonstante stufenweise verändert werden, wenn die relevanten Parameter bestimmte Schwellenwerte erreichen.Not necessarily a continuous change of the damping constants is necessary. In simpler embodiments of the invention, the attenuation constant may be changed in steps as the relevant parameters reach certain thresholds.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnung, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen. Es zeigen:Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Kochfeld mit einem Gleichrichter und mehreren Wechselrichtern,1 shows a hob with a rectifier and multiple inverters,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Schaltkreises mit einem Wechselrichter und Dämpfungsanordnungen,2 shows a schematic representation of a circuit with an inverter and damping arrangements,
Fig. 3 einen Schaltkreis mit einem Wechselrichter und einer Dämpfungs- anordnung nach einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung,3 shows a circuit with an inverter and a damping arrangement according to an alternative embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 4 einen Schaltkreis mit einem Wechselrichter nach einer weiteren alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, und4 shows a circuit with an inverter according to a further alternative embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 5 eine Darstellung von Verlustleistungen für verschiedene Werte einer5 shows a representation of power losses for different values of a
Gesamtkapazität einer Dämpfungsanordnung.Total capacity of a damping arrangement.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein Induktionskochfeld mit einer Matrix von Induktoren 30 und einer Steuereinheit 32, die ein auf das Kochfeld aufgestelltes Kochgeschirrelement 34 detektieren und die Größe und Form des Bodens des Kochgeschirrelements 34 oder mehrerer Kochgeschirrelemente bestimmen kann. Abhängig von der Größe, Form und Position des Kochgeschirrelementes 34 fasst die Steuereinheit 32 mehrere Induktoren 30 zu einer flexibel definierbaren Heizzone 36 zusammen.Fig. 1 shows an induction hob with a matrix of inductors 30 and a control unit 32 which can detect a cookware element 34 placed on the hob and determine the size and shape of the bottom of the cookware element 34 or several cookware elements. Depending on the size, shape and position of the cookware element 34, the control unit 32 summarizes a plurality of inductors 30 to form a flexibly definable heating zone 36.
Über eine Benutzerschnittstelle 38 kann ein Benutzer eine Leistungsstufe für die Heizzone 36 oder für mehrere Heizzonen 36 einstellen. Die Steuereinheit 32 verschaltet mehrere Wechselrichter 10 einer Stromversorgungseinheit 40 so mit den Induktoren 30 der Heizzone 36, dass die Induktoren 30 der Heizzone 36 eine von der eingestellten Leistungsstufe abhängige Gesamtheizleistung in das Kochgeschirrelement 34 einkoppeln. Dazu er- zeugen die Wechselrichter 10 bzw. ein Wechselrichter 10 einen hochfrequenten Wechselstrom mit einer Frequenz in der Größenordnung von 50-100 kHz, der die Induktoren 30 durchfließt und ein mit der gleichen Frequenz wechselndes Magnetfeld erzeugt. Das Magnetfeld erzeugt seinerseits Wechselströme in dem ferromagnetischen Boden des Kochgeschirrelements 34, wodurch dieser Boden erwärmt wird. Die Stromversorgungseinheit 40 umfasst eine Gleichspannungsquelle 12, die einen Gleichrichter 42 und einen Filterschaltkreis 44 umfasst. Der Gleichrichter 42 ist an eine Phase eines Haushaltsstromnetzes 46 angeschlossen. Auch wenn in Fig. 1 nur eine Stromversorgungseinheit 40 dargestellt ist, wird das Kochfeld in der Praxis von zwei Stromversorgungseinheiten gespeist, die an zwei Phasen des Haushaltsstromnetzes 46 angeschlossen sind.Via a user interface 38, a user can set a power level for the heating zone 36 or for a plurality of heating zones 36. The control unit 32 interconnects a plurality of inverters 10 of a power supply unit 40 with the inducers 30 of the heating zone 36 so that the inducers 30 of the heating zone 36 couple a total heating power dependent on the set power level into the cookware element 34. For this purpose, the inverters 10 or an inverter 10 generate a high-frequency alternating current with a frequency in the order of magnitude of 50-100 kHz, which flows through the inductors 30 and generates a magnetic field which changes with the same frequency. The magnetic field, in turn, generates alternating currents in the ferromagnetic bottom of the cookware element 34, thereby heating that bottom. The power supply unit 40 comprises a DC voltage source 12 which comprises a rectifier 42 and a filter circuit 44. The rectifier 42 is connected to a phase of a household power network 46. Although only one power supply unit 40 is shown in FIG. 1, in practice the hob is fed by two power supply units which are connected to two phases of the household power network 46.
Zwischen der Stromversorgungseinheit 40 und den Induktoren 30 ist eine ebenfalls von der Steuereinheit 32 gesteuerte Schaltungsanordnung 48 vorgesehen, über die flexibel konfigurierbare Verbindungen zwischen den Wechselrichtern 10 und den Induktoren 30 hergestellt und getrennt werden können.Between the power supply unit 40 and the inductors 30, a likewise controlled by the control unit 32 circuitry 48 is provided, can be made and separated via the flexibly configurable connections between the inverters 10 and the inductors 30.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Schaltung mit einem Wechselrichter 10, der zwei Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 umfasst. Jeder der Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 besteht aus einem Transistor 50, insbe- sondere einem Bipolartransistor mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode (IGBT) und einer Diode 52.FIG. 2 shows a circuit with an inverter 10, which comprises two semiconductor switches 14, 16. Each of the semiconductor switches 14, 16 consists of a transistor 50, in particular an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and a diode 52.
Der Wechselrichter 10 mit den beiden Halbleiterschaltern 14, 16 ist in einer Halbbrücken- Topologie aufgebaut. Ein oberer Kontaktpunkt 54 ist mit einem positiven Ausgang der Gleichspannungsquelle 12 verbunden und ein unterer Kontaktpunkt 56 der Schaltung ist mit dem Grundpotential verbunden.The inverter 10 with the two semiconductor switches 14, 16 is constructed in a half-bridge topology. An upper contact point 54 is connected to a positive output of the DC voltage source 12, and a lower contact point 56 of the circuit is connected to the ground potential.
Um in dem Induktor 30 eine Wechselspannung zu erzeugen, werden die Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 durch das Betätigen der Transistoren 50 im Wechsel ein- und ausgeschaltet. Der Induktor 30 wird durch Resonanz-Kondensatoren 58 zu einem Schwingkreis ergänzt. Streuverluste sind in dem Schaltbild in Fig. 2 durch einen Widerstand 60 symbolisiert. Um ein Nachschwingen dieses Schwingkreises in der Folge eines Schaltvorganges eines der Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 zu dämpfen, ist parallel zu jedem der Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 eine Dämpfungsanordnung 18, 20 vorgesehen. In dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst jede der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 zwei Kondensatoren 28a, 28b. Ein erster Kondensator 28a ist fest mit dem entsprechenden Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 verdrahtet. Die beiden Kondensatoren 28a des oberen und unteren Halbleiterschalters 14, 16 sind jeweils mit einem Mittelpunkt des Wechselrichters 10 verbunden, mit dem auch der Induktor 30 verbunden ist. Jede der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 umfasst zudem einen weiteren Kondensator 28b. Die beiden Kondensatoren 28b sind gemeinsam mit einem Eingang eines Schaltelementes 26 verbunden, das beispielsweise als elektromechanisches Relais ausgebildet sein kann. Durch das Schließen des Schaltelements 26 können die beiden Kondensato- ren 28b ebenfalls mit dem Mittelpunkt des Wechselrichters 10 verbunden werden, so dass die Kondensatoren 28b parallel zu dem entsprechenden Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 geschaltet werden. Das Schaltelement 26 bildet daher im Zusammenspiel mit den Kondensatoren 28a, 28b ein Mittel 22 zum Verändern einer Dämpfungskonstanten der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20. Durch das Schließen des Schaltelements 26 werden die Dämpfungskonstanten beider Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 in gleicher Weise simultan verändert. Die Kondensatoren 28a, 28b bilden zusammen ein flexibel konfigurierbares Dämpfungskondensatorsystem 24.In order to generate an alternating voltage in the inductor 30, the semiconductor switches 14, 16 are switched on and off alternately by the actuation of the transistors 50. The inductor 30 is supplemented by resonant capacitors 58 to a resonant circuit. Scatter losses are symbolized in the diagram in Fig. 2 by a resistor 60. In order to dampen a ringing of this resonant circuit as a result of a switching operation of one of the semiconductor switches 14, 16, a damping arrangement 18, 20 is provided parallel to each of the semiconductor switches 14, 16. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, each of the damping assemblies 18, 20 includes two capacitors 28a, 28b. A first capacitor 28a is hardwired to the corresponding semiconductor switch 14, 16. The two capacitors 28a of the upper and lower semiconductor switches 14, 16 are each connected to a center of the inverter 10, to which the inductor 30 is also connected. Each of the damping arrangements 18, 20 additionally comprises a further capacitor 28b. The two capacitors 28b are connected in common with an input of a switching element 26, which may be formed, for example, as an electromechanical relay. By closing the switching element 26, the two capacitors 28b can also be connected to the center of the inverter 10, so that the capacitors 28b are connected in parallel with the corresponding semiconductor switch 14, 16. The switching element 26 therefore forms, in interaction with the capacitors 28a, 28b, a means 22 for varying a damping constant of the damping arrangements 18, 20. By closing the switching element 26, the damping constants of both damping arrangements 18, 20 are changed simultaneously in the same way. The capacitors 28a, 28b together form a flexibly configurable snubber capacitor system 24.
Die Steuereinheit 32 (Fig. 1) kann über eine hier nicht dargestellte Steuerleitung das Schaltelement 26 steuern. Um die Gesamtkapazität der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 an eine Last des Induktors 30 anzupassen, schließt die Steuereinheit 32 das Schaltelement 26, wenn eine Last des Induktors bzw. eine über die Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 übertragene Leistung einen Schwellenwert übertrifft.The control unit 32 (FIG. 1) can control the switching element 26 via a control line not shown here. In order to match the total capacitance of the damping assemblies 18, 20 to a load of the inductor 30, the control unit 32 closes the switching element 26 when a load of the inductor or a power transmitted through the semiconductor switches 14, 16 exceeds a threshold.
Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen alternative Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung. Die folgende Beschreibung beschränkt sich im Wesentlichen auf Unterschiede zu dem in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden. Im Hinblick auf gleichbleibende Merkmale wird auf die Beschreibung zu den Fig. 1 und 2 verwiesen.Figs. 3 and 4 show alternative embodiments of the invention. The following description is essentially limited to differences from the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in order to avoid repetition. With regard to consistent features, reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1 and 2.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Schaltung mit drei Paaren von Kondensatoren 28a, 28b, 28c, wobei jeweils ein Teil des Paars einem der Halbleiterschalter 14, 16 bzw. einer der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 zugeordnet ist. Die Kondensatoren 28a sind fest mit den Halbleiter- schaltem 14, 16 verdrahtet und die Kondensatoren 28b und 28c können jeweils durch Schaltelemente 26a, 26b zugeschaltet oder abgeschaltet werden. Die Steuereinheit 32 kann dadurch zwischen drei möglichen Werten der Gesamtkapazität der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 wählen, und zwar zwischen der Kapazität der Kondensatoren 28a, zwischen der Summe der Kapazitäten der Kondensatoren 28a und 28b und zwischen der Summe der Kapazitäten aller drei Kondensatoren 28a, 28b, 28c. In dem in Fig. 3 darge- stellten Ausführungsbeispiel haben die Kapazitäten der Kondensatoren 28b und 28c den gleichen Wert, so dass die Gesamtkapazität des Dämpfungskondensatorsystems ausgehend von einem Grundwert in zwei Stufen mit gleichem Abstand erhöht werden kann.FIG. 3 shows a circuit with three pairs of capacitors 28a, 28b, 28c, wherein in each case a part of the pair is assigned to one of the semiconductor switches 14, 16 or one of the damping arrangements 18, 20. The capacitors 28a are hardwired to the semiconductor switches 14, 16, and the capacitors 28b and 28c can each be switched on or off by switching elements 26a, 26b. The control unit 32 can thereby choose between three possible values of the total capacitance of the damping arrangements 18, 20, between the capacitance of the capacitors 28a, between the sum of the capacitances of the capacitors 28a and 28b and between the sum of the capacitances of all three capacitors 28a, 28b, 28c. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the capacitances of the capacitors 28b and 28c have the same value, so that the total capacity of the damping capacitor system can be increased starting from a basic value in two stages with the same distance.
Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, in dem Schalt- elemente 26a, 26b zum Zuschalten von Kondensatoren 28b, 28c des Dämpfungskondensatorsystems 24 nicht wie in dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 in Reihe hintereinander geschaltet sind, sondern parallel mit dem Mittelpunkt des Wechselrichters 10 verbunden sind. Die Kondensatoren 28b, 28c haben vorzugsweise unterschiedliche Kapazitäten, so dass durch das Schließen des Schaltelements 26a bei geöffnetem Schaltelement 26b eine andere Gesamtkapazität erreicht werden kann als durch das Schließen des Schaltelements 26b bei geöffnetem Schaltelement 26a. Insgesamt sind damit vier verschiedene Werte der Gesamtkapazität einstellbar.FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention, in which switching elements 26a, 26b for connecting capacitors 28b, 28c of the damping capacitor system 24 are not connected in series one behind the other, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, but in parallel with the center of FIG Inverter 10 are connected. The capacitors 28b, 28c preferably have different capacitances, so that a different total capacitance can be achieved by closing the switching element 26a when the switching element 26b is open than by closing the switching element 26b when the switching element 26a is open. Altogether four different values of the total capacity are adjustable.
Durch die Anpassung der Gesamtkapazität der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 kann die Steuereinheit 32 im Betrieb Streuverluste verhindern. Die Gesamtkapazität und damit die Dämpfungskonstante der Dämpfungsanordnungen 18, 20 kann an die Last angepasst werden, so dass ein starkes Nachschwingen der von den Resonanz-Kondensatoren 58 und dem Induktor 10 gebildeten Schwingkreise und eine Entladung von überdimensionierten Dämpfungskondensatoren einer Dämpfungsanordnung über den Transistor 50 einer anderen Halbleiterschaltung vermieden werden kann. Gleichzeitig kann eine zu große Trägheit der Schaltung durch einen bei geringen Leistungen überdimensionierten Dämpfungskondensator vermieden werden.By adjusting the total capacity of the damping assemblies 18, 20, the control unit 32 can prevent leakage during operation. The total capacitance, and hence the attenuation constant, of the attenuator assemblies 18, 20 can be matched to the load, such that substantial ringing of the resonant circuits formed by the resonant capacitors 58 and the inductor 10 and discharge of oversized snubber capacitors of one attenuator assembly through the transistor 50 of another Semiconductor circuit can be avoided. At the same time too great inertia of the circuit can be avoided by an over-dimensioned at low power attenuation capacitor.
Fig. 5 zeigt Verlustleistungen in einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel. Die Verlust- leistungen setzen sich aus Leitungsverlusten, die mit einer horizontalen Schraffur dargestellt sind und aus Schaltverlusten, die mit einer vertikalen Schraffur dargestellt sind, zusammen. Die in Fig. 5 linke Säule zeigt die Verluste bei einer vergleichsweise hohen Leistung bei geöffnetem Schaltelement 26 im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2, und die in Fig. 5 rechte Säule zeigt die Verluste bei der gleichen Leistung bei geschlossenem Schaltelement 26 und zugeschalteten Kondensatoren 28b. Es ist erkennbar, dass die Schaltverluste deutlich reduziert werden können. BezugszeichenFig. 5 shows power losses in an exemplary embodiment. The power losses are composed of line losses, which are represented by a horizontal hatching and switching losses, which are represented by a vertical hatching. The left-hand column in FIG. 5 shows the losses at a comparatively high power with the switching element 26 open in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, and the right-hand column in FIG. 5 shows the losses at the same power with the switching element 26 closed and capacitors 28b connected. It can be seen that the switching losses can be significantly reduced. reference numeral
10 Wechselrichter 56 Kontaktpunkt10 inverters 56 contact point
12 Gleichspannungsquelle 58 Resonanz-Kondensator12 DC voltage source 58 resonant capacitor
14 Halbleiterschalter 60 Widerstand14 semiconductor switch 60 resistance
16 Halbleiterschalter16 semiconductor switches
18 Dämpfungsanordnung18 damping arrangement
20 Dämpfungsanordnung20 damping arrangement
22 Mittel22 funds
24 Dämpfungskondensatorsystem24 damping capacitor system
26 Schaltelement26 switching element
28a Kondensator28a capacitor
28b Kondensator28b capacitor
28c Kondensator28c capacitor
30 Induktor30 inductor
32 Steuereinheit32 control unit
34 Kochgeschirrelement34 Cookware element
36 Heizzone36 heating zone
38 Benutzerschnittstelle38 user interface
40 Stromversorgungseinheit40 power supply unit
42 Gleichrichter42 rectifier
44 Filterschaltkreis44 filter circuit
46 Haushaltsstromnetz46 household electricity network
48 Schaltungsanordnung48 circuit arrangement
50 Transistor50 transistor
52 Diode52 diode
54 Kontaktpunkt 54 contact point
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803710A ES2354093B1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | DOMESTIC DEVICE WITH AT LEAST ONE INVESTOR. |
| PCT/EP2009/066469 WO2010069789A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-12-07 | Household device having at least one power inverter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2380394A1 true EP2380394A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
| EP2380394B1 EP2380394B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
Family
ID=41683325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09796993.5A Active EP2380394B1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-12-07 | Induction cooktop having at least one power inverter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2380394B1 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2354093B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010069789A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2408863R1 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-08-06 | Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana | Induction heating device equipped with condensing elements |
| EP4335247A1 (en) * | 2021-05-03 | 2024-03-13 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Induction energy supply device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006114320A (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Induction heating device and induction heating cooker |
| JP4512525B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2010-07-28 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | Induction heating cooker |
| JP4652983B2 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2011-03-16 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | Induction heating device |
| JP4868952B2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2012-02-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Induction heating cooker |
| JP4909662B2 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2012-04-04 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | Electromagnetic induction heating device |
-
2008
- 2008-12-19 ES ES200803710A patent/ES2354093B1/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
-
2009
- 2009-12-07 EP EP09796993.5A patent/EP2380394B1/en active Active
- 2009-12-07 ES ES09796993.5T patent/ES2586465T3/en active Active
- 2009-12-07 WO PCT/EP2009/066469 patent/WO2010069789A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010069789A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010069789A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| ES2586465T3 (en) | 2016-10-14 |
| ES2354093A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| EP2380394B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
| ES2354093B1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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