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EP2339085A1 - Prefabricated element for the construction of building extensions and building extensions thus built - Google Patents

Prefabricated element for the construction of building extensions and building extensions thus built Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2339085A1
EP2339085A1 EP09180465A EP09180465A EP2339085A1 EP 2339085 A1 EP2339085 A1 EP 2339085A1 EP 09180465 A EP09180465 A EP 09180465A EP 09180465 A EP09180465 A EP 09180465A EP 2339085 A1 EP2339085 A1 EP 2339085A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
building
construction
facing
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09180465A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Denis Zago
Aurora Panait
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP09180465A priority Critical patent/EP2339085A1/en
Publication of EP2339085A1 publication Critical patent/EP2339085A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7401—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails
    • E04B2/7403—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails with special measures for sound or thermal insulation including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/14—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or girders laid in two directions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the construction and installation of monobloc building elements that can be used during the construction or rehabilitation of buildings and especially high-rise buildings.
  • the rehabilitation of buildings is often an opportunity to improve comfort for occupants including increasing the living space by adding extensions to the building.
  • These extensions may consist of real rooms that can be heated, which may be continued by access areas to the outside such as balconies or loggias for example. They can also consist of simple outdoor terraces.
  • the object of the invention is to respond to these problems and to this request by providing the person skilled in the art with one-piece construction elements intended to be used for the construction of living space extensions made for example during the rehabilitation. especially high-rise buildings.
  • the building elements according to the invention are remarkable in that they respond as well to the construction constraints of the internal structures of the buildings (soundproofing, insulation, fire resistance, etc.) as to the constraints associated with the elements located at the building. exterior of buildings (corrosion, etc.), so that they can be straddled on the facade of the building.
  • the building elements according to the invention do not have a significant weight.
  • the insulating core of mineral fibers at a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8 so as to have sufficient stability.
  • the core is composed of different materials placed in successive layers, at least one of the materials used has a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8.
  • the upper and lower facings of the composite panels have a circumferential flange extending in the direction of facing facing without however reaching the edge opposite so as to each form a half-shell in which is placed the insulating core, said edges of each facing are at least one blade pierced by a through hole, each hole of a blade being aligned with a blind hole formed in the core so as to receive junction elements for ensure the joining of two neighboring panels.
  • the holes of the blades of the upper and lower panels of the panels are aligned on a same preferably median plane of the composite panel.
  • the boards of the upper and lower panels of the panels overlap.
  • the junction elements are for example constituted by pins inserted into the holes of the blades of the metal facings and the core of the panels.
  • the facings of the composite panels are made of steel coated with an alloy comprising aluminum and zinc.
  • the core of the composite panels consists of fibro-silicate.
  • the upper face of the construction element also has a ceramic coating.
  • the metal frame of the building element is composed of a frame having longitudinal crosspieces.
  • said frame consists of a U-shaped steel section opening towards the inside of the framework.
  • At least one of its side faces has a protective coating preferably steel coated with an alloy comprising aluminum and zinc.
  • the street-side protection facings extend downward beyond the building element and form a small fold below the building element.
  • the insulating element in the interjoists consists of glass wool.
  • the construction element has fastening elements on at least two of its lateral sides, preferably in the form of L-shaped steel parts welded to the frame of the metal frame. .
  • the length of the rungs between the two poles of the ladder structures is less than the width of the plate.
  • the principle of the invention is the design of a new type of prefabricated panel intended to form a ceiling and a floor for its internal part of the building and can continue in open extension for the external part of the building.
  • the figure 1 represents an example of extension of a building in which on each floor the plate is formed of a monobloc construction element (1) according to the invention arranged horizontally.
  • the tray of the upper stage is shown in exploded structure so as to reveal the internal structure of the element of monobloc constructions (1).
  • a metal frame (2) composed of a frame (3) for example rectangular having longitudinal crosspieces (5) (for example 3 or 4) acting as joists and delimiting interjoists (21).
  • the metal frame (2) is made of hot-rolled steel profiles, shot-blasted and welded together.
  • the cross members are conventional H-shaped profiled beams.
  • the frame (3) consists of U-shaped sections opening towards the inside of the framework (2).
  • the metal frame (2) is covered on its upper and lower horizontal faces by composite panels (7).
  • the building elements (1) are intended to be mounted on a set of vertical beams or columns (9) preferably having a ladder structure.
  • the composition of a building element (1) according to the invention will now be described in more detail in connection with the figure 2 which represents a detail of a cross section of the building element (1) showing its composition.
  • the panels (7) covering the horizontal faces of the metal frame (2) are fixed for example by means of blind nuts (31) passing directly through the fins of the beams. Nevertheless, other fastening systems can be envisaged by those skilled in the art.
  • the composite panels (7) are sandwich-type panels comprising two outer spaced-apart metal cladding elements (11, 13) and an insulating core (15) made of mineral fibers, preferably with a density greater than 0.5 which is placed between said facings.
  • Each facing (11; 13) is extended over the thickness of the panel in the direction of facing disposed by at least one blade (27) pierced with at least one hole (29) therethrough.
  • each hole (29) of a blade (27) is aligned with a blind hole in the core (15).
  • Joining elements (17) intended to join two adjacent panels (7) are advantageously placed in said holes.
  • the insulating core of mineral fibers at a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8 so as to have sufficient stability.
  • the core is composed of different materials placed in successive layers, at least one of the materials used has a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8.
  • the composite panels (7) will be described in more detail. These are laminates consisting of two external metal cladding (11, 13) spaced apart in order to avoid the formation of significant thermal bridges. Between said facings (11; 13) an insulating core (15) of mineral fibers is placed.
  • This core is for example made of silicate mineral fibers or fibro-silicate and has for example a thickness of 15 to 30 mm, preferably 24 mm.
  • Mineral fiber boards that can be used are commercially available for example under the trademark FIBRODICE MS ® . They are classically available with a thickness of 12 or 18 mm. Those skilled in the art will easily stack the number of fibrosilicate panels necessary to obtain the desired thickness.
  • fibro-silicate is a magnesium silicate material reinforced, insulating and incombustible which has a certain mechanical strength.
  • the mechanical properties of this material allow it to be sanded, sawn, drilled, nailed, screwed and / or glued. It also presents a density of the order of 1 (1.050 ⁇ 0.1), a modulus of elasticity of between 5210 and 7845 N / mm 2 and a flexural strength of between 12.1 and 17.1 N / mm 2 .
  • the core (15) can also be composite and consist of an assembly of mineral fibers of different composition arranged in successive layers. It may for example be possible to insert a layer of aluminosilicate cellular glass between two layers of fibrosilicates or vice versa.
  • the various components of the composite panel (7) are preferably connected by an adhesive having, for example, an operating temperature ranging from -40 ° C. to + 450 ° C.
  • the facings (11; 13) of the composite panels (7) are preferably made of steel coated with an alloy of aluminum and zinc.
  • the alloy comprises 55% aluminum, 43.4% zinc and 1.6% silicon. This coating gives the building element good resistance to corrosion as well as to chemical elements.
  • Aluminum forms an insoluble screen in most media between the steel sheet and the atmosphere. Zinc plays the role of sacrificial phase and corrodes instead of steel on accidental slices and scratches.
  • Steel sheet having these characteristics are commercially available under the ALUZINC ® brand.
  • the thickness of the sheets used will be in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 mm.
  • the use of other types of metal sheets is of course conceivable, such as the use of stainless steel sheets.
  • the facings (11; 13) further have at their ends junction elements (17) which serve to join two adjacent panels (7).
  • the figure 3 shows an example of a joining system between composite panels (7) according to the invention, it being understood that the skilled person may consider other joining systems.
  • the upper (11) and lower (13) facing preferentially have a circumferential flange (25) extending vertically in the direction of facing facing without however, to reach the rim (25) so as to each form a half-shell in which is placed the element or the insulating elements (15) constituting the core.
  • the flange (25) is extended towards the facing facing a protrusion (27) in the form of blade pierced with at least one through hole (29) aligned with at least one blind hole in the soul (15).
  • the holes (29) are preferably made in the core at the layers of a material having a density greater than 0.5.
  • the blades (27) have an identical size but it is conceivable to use several sizes of blades (27) on the same facing especially when the core (15) has layers of different materials parallel to the plane of the facings (11). 13) and that the core material does not have a density greater than 0.5.
  • the core (15) is composed of a layer of aluminosilicate cellular glass between two layers of fibro-silicates
  • blades (27) of similar sizes but having several holes (29) are also conceivable by those skilled in the art.
  • the holes (29) of a blade (27) are preferably aligned in a direction perpendicular to the planes defined by the facings (11, 13), but another arrangement of said holes is conceivable.
  • Those skilled in the art will practice one or more corresponding holes in the core (15).
  • Each hole made in the core (15) facing a hole (29) of a facing being intended to receive a connecting element (17).
  • the holes (29) of the blades (27) of the upper (11) and lower (13) are aligned on a plane parallel to the plane defined by the metal facings.
  • the holes (29) of the upper (11) and lower (13) facing are preferably aligned on the same median plane. In this way, when two panels (7) are placed adjacent, the holes (29) of the blades (27) of their respective facings (11, 13) are also aligned and facing each other.
  • An anchor (17) is then inserted into said holes (29) of the blades and the core (15) thereby ensuring the junction between the two panels (7).
  • the blades (27) of the upper (11) and lower (13) overlap and the holes (29) which are present are aligned.
  • the objective being that at least one hole (29) of at least one blade (27) of the upper face (11) of a panel (7) is aligned with at least one hole (29) of a blade ( 27) of the lower facing (13) of the neighboring panel.
  • the pegs (17) inserted into the holes (29) ensure, in addition to the junction of the panels together, the retention of the lower facings (13) by their attachment to the upper facings (11). thus preventing their fall in case of fire.
  • the effect of the thermal bridge thus created is acceptable in terms of heat transfer compared to the advantage of the mechanical restraint of the lower facings (13).
  • the panels (7) are substantially rectangular in shape and the blade systems (27) and holes (29) are arranged on at least two sides of said panels, the lengths for example.
  • the junction elements (17) are arranged on only one of the sides having said blades (27). In this way, when assembling said panels on the building element (1) according to the invention, the junction elements (17) of a panel (7) will cooperate with the holes (29) of the panel (7). ) placed next.
  • the upper face of the construction element (1) further comprises a coating (19) of ceramic type reinforced with fiberglass and marketed under the name KERLITE ® .
  • KERLITE ® a coating (19) of ceramic type reinforced with fiberglass and marketed under the name KERLITE ® .
  • the person skilled in the art may consider any other type of ceramic or other material coating which can be used as a floor in a living space and preferably resistant to corrosion and frost.
  • the interjoists (21) formed by the longitudinal crosspieces (5) of the metal framework and comprised between the lower and upper panels (7) are lined with an insulating element (23) consisting for example of a thickness of glass wool for example about 200 mm.
  • the vertical faces of the construction element (1) according to the invention are also covered with protective coating (33) made of metal sheet ALUZINC ® type.
  • protective coating (33) made of metal sheet ALUZINC ® type.
  • the street-side protection coves (33) extend downwardly beyond the building element (1) and form a small fold (35) towards the building, located under the building element. In this way the residual water drops are not in direct contact with the body of the building element (1).
  • the assembly of the protective panels (33) on the building element according to the invention is done by any means and for example at the level of the panels by means of blind rivets (37).
  • the building elements (1) according to the invention have good thermal insulation and have a fire resistance of more than 1H30. Sound insulation has also been tested and shows performances of around 53 dB.
  • a building extension with building elements (1) When constructing a building extension with building elements (1) according to the invention, it will first be erected at least two ladder metal structures arranged facing each other and perpendicular to the facade intended to receive the extension.
  • the uprights of the ladder or posts (9) consist of H-shaped steel beams.
  • On these posts are fixed steps (39) (shown in FIG. figure 7 ) constituted they also H-shaped steel beams, on which will be fixed the construction elements (1) according to the invention.
  • the lateral vertical faces of the construction element (1) according to the invention are welded to L-shaped steel fasteners (41) which are intended to be fixed to the flanges of the transverse beams (39) by a system fixing (43) conventional bolting for example.
  • the spacing distance between the poles (9) of the structural metal ladders and steps (39) is less than the width of the plate constituted by at least one construction element (1) according to the invention.
  • the width of the ladder metal structure corresponds to the width of the extension intended to be heated and which will be closed by a facade (not shown).
  • the extension of the plateau beyond the facade is the unheated portion of the extension, for example a balcony or loggia.
  • Part of the extension will be closed by a facade.
  • This part of the extension can advantageously be divided to form separate parts.
  • the figure 7 has a vertical section of an assembly according to the invention, a vertical structure ladder, two building elements (1) on either side of said structure and partition walls.
  • the beam (39) constituting one of the steps of the metal structure is assembled, as we have seen above, the building elements (1) through fasteners (41).
  • the upper face is advantageously at the same height as the composite panels (7) disposed on the upper face of the construction element (1).
  • the composite panel (47) is also covered with a ceramic coating (19) thus ensuring a homogeneous and aesthetic finish of the floor on which the future occupant of the extension will evolve.
  • a composite panel (49) made of mineral fibers with a steel facing is for example placed astride between two adjacent building elements (1) in order to close the assembly area.
  • Other provisions are obviously possible including provisions for obtaining a ceiling without relief.
  • partition walls (45) are mounted at the level of the steps (39) of the metal structure but it is possible to erect such partitions at other locations and in particular on the building elements (1) them -Same.
  • the partition walls are ideally composed of two metal facings ALUZINC ® type surrounding a core of an insulating material preferably consisting of an aluminosilicate cellular glass. This material has a very good dimensional stability, a density of the order of 0.12, a temperature range of use ranging from -260 ° C to + 430 ° C and an incombustibility classified M0 according to the French standard NF P 92-507 .
  • Such a material is for example sold under the trade name FOAMGLAS ® .
  • the partition walls (45) are thus arranged vertically and fixed at their upper end by L-shaped fasteners.
  • the space between the upper edge of the partition (45) and the ceiling is filled with ceramic wool (51).
  • the posts (9) are dressed and protected by composite covers having a fibro-silicate coating approximately 24 mm thick bonded to a steel facing of the type ALUZINC ® described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The element (1) has two sets of composite panels (7) forming a lower face and an upper face, respectively. A metallic framework (2) is arranged between the two sets of panels, and an insulating element is located in an interjoist formed by the framework, where the insulating element is made of glass wool. Each panel is constituted of two outer metal claddings that are separated from one another, and an insulated web that is made of mineral fibers or fibrous-silicate and placed between the metal claddings. An independent claim is also included for a building extension comprising two steel structures.

Description

L'invention concerne la construction et la pose d'éléments de construction monoblocs pouvant être utilisés lors de la construction ou de la réhabilitation d'immeubles et notamment d'immeubles de grande hauteur.The invention relates to the construction and installation of monobloc building elements that can be used during the construction or rehabilitation of buildings and especially high-rise buildings.

La réhabilitation d'immeubles est souvent l'occasion d'en améliorer le confort pour les occupants notamment en augmentant l'espace de vie via l'ajout d'extensions au bâtiment. Ces extensions peuvent consister en de véritables pièces pouvant être chauffées, qui sont éventuellement poursuivies par des espaces d'accès à l'extérieur tels que des balcons ou des loggias par exemple. Elles peuvent également consister en de simples terrasses extérieures.The rehabilitation of buildings is often an opportunity to improve comfort for occupants including increasing the living space by adding extensions to the building. These extensions may consist of real rooms that can be heated, which may be continued by access areas to the outside such as balconies or loggias for example. They can also consist of simple outdoor terraces.

A cette fin, l'industrie du bâtiment est demandeuse d'éléments préfabriqués pouvant être facilement assemblés et érigés de façon rapide, peu coûteuse et dans le respect des normes européennes. Les éléments de construction utilisés sont en effet soumis à des exigences importantes notamment en matière de résistance mécanique, de stabilité, de sécurité d'utilisation, de résistance au feu, etc.To this end, the building industry is asking for prefabricated elements that can be easily assembled and erected quickly, inexpensively and in compliance with European standards. The construction elements used are indeed subject to important requirements, particularly in terms of mechanical strength, stability, safety of use, fire resistance, etc.

Par ailleurs, les espaces d'accès à l'extérieur (extensions non-chauffées) sont soumises aux intempéries et doivent donc répondre à des contraintes spécifiques supplémentaires par exemple en termes de corrosion.Moreover, the access spaces to the outside (unheated extensions) are subjected to the weather and must therefore meet additional specific constraints for example in terms of corrosion.

De plus, lorsque les extensions sont suspendues à la façade des bâtiments existants ou lorsque le bâtiment est de grande hauteur, l'homme du métier est confronté au problème du poids des structures ajoutées.In addition, when the extensions are suspended from the facade of existing buildings or when the building is of great height, the person skilled in the art is confronted with the problem of the weight of the added structures.

L'invention a pour objectif de répondre à ces problèmes et à cette demande en fournissant à l'homme du métier des éléments de construction monoblocs destinés à être utilisés pour la construction d'extensions d'espace de vie effectuées par exemple lors de la réhabilitation d'immeubles notamment de grande hauteur. Les éléments de construction selon l'invention sont remarquables en ce qu'ils répondent aussi bien aux contraintes de construction des structures internes des bâtiments (insonorisation, isolation, résistance au feu, etc.) qu'aux contraintes liées aux éléments situés à l'extérieur des bâtiments (corrosion, etc.), de telle sorte qu'ils peuvent être mis à cheval sur la façade du bâtiment. De plus les éléments de construction selon l'invention ne présentent pas un poids important.The object of the invention is to respond to these problems and to this request by providing the person skilled in the art with one-piece construction elements intended to be used for the construction of living space extensions made for example during the rehabilitation. especially high-rise buildings. The building elements according to the invention are remarkable in that they respond as well to the construction constraints of the internal structures of the buildings (soundproofing, insulation, fire resistance, etc.) as to the constraints associated with the elements located at the building. exterior of buildings (corrosion, etc.), so that they can be straddled on the facade of the building. In addition, the building elements according to the invention do not have a significant weight.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un élément de construction monobloc remarquable en ce qu'il est constitué:

  • d'un ensemble de panneaux composites constituant la face inférieure,
  • d'un ensemble de panneaux composites constituant la face supérieure,
  • d'une ossature métallique disposée entre les deux et formant au moins un entrevous, et
  • d'un élément isolant situé dans l'entrevous ;
    les panneaux composites des faces inférieure et supérieure étant constitués chacun de deux parements métalliques externes placés espacés et d'une âme isolante en fibres minérales qui est placée entre lesdits parements.
For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a monobloc structural element that is remarkable in that it consists of:
  • a set of composite panels constituting the lower face,
  • a set of composite panels constituting the upper face,
  • a metal frame disposed between the two and forming at least one interjoists, and
  • an insulating element located in the interjoists;
    the composite panels of the lower and upper faces each consisting of two outer metal spaced spacings and an insulating core of mineral fibers which is placed between said facings.

L'âme isolante en fibres minérales à une densité supérieure à 0,5, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,8 de manière à présenter une stabilité suffisante. Lorsque l'âme est composée de différents matériaux placés en couches successives au moins un des matériaux utilisés présente une densité supérieure à 0,5, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,8.The insulating core of mineral fibers at a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8 so as to have sufficient stability. When the core is composed of different materials placed in successive layers, at least one of the materials used has a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8.

Dans un mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention, les parements supérieur et inférieur des panneaux composites présentent un rebord circonférentiel s'étendant en direction du parement disposé en regard sans toutefois atteindre le rebord en regard de sorte à former chacun une demi-coque dans laquelle vient se placer l'âme isolante, lesdits rebords de chaque parement sont prolongés en direction du parement disposé en regard par au moins une lame percée d'un trou traversant, chaque trou d'une lame étant aligné avec un trou borgne pratiqué dans l'âme de sorte à pouvoir recevoir des éléments de jonction destinés à assurer la jonction de deux panneaux placés voisins.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower facings of the composite panels have a circumferential flange extending in the direction of facing facing without however reaching the edge opposite so as to each form a half-shell in which is placed the insulating core, said edges of each facing are at least one blade pierced by a through hole, each hole of a blade being aligned with a blind hole formed in the core so as to receive junction elements for ensure the joining of two neighboring panels.

De préférence, les trous des lames des parements supérieurs et inférieurs des panneaux sont alignés sur un même plan préférentiellement médian du panneau composite. De manière optionnelle, les lames des parements supérieurs et inférieurs des panneaux se chevauchent. Les éléments de jonctions sont par exemple constitués par des chevilles venant s'insérer dans les trous des lames des parements métalliques et de l'âme des panneaux.Preferably, the holes of the blades of the upper and lower panels of the panels are aligned on a same preferably median plane of the composite panel. Optionally, the boards of the upper and lower panels of the panels overlap. The junction elements are for example constituted by pins inserted into the holes of the blades of the metal facings and the core of the panels.

Dans une variante de l'invention, les parements des panneaux composites sont en acier revêtu d'un alliage comprenant de l'aluminium et du zinc. Dans une autre variante l'âme des panneaux composites est constituée de fibro-silicate.In one variant of the invention, the facings of the composite panels are made of steel coated with an alloy comprising aluminum and zinc. In another variant, the core of the composite panels consists of fibro-silicate.

Dans une mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention, la face supérieure de l'élément de construction présente en outre un revêtement céramique.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper face of the construction element also has a ceramic coating.

De préférence, l'ossature métallique de l'élément de construction est composée d'un cadre comportant des traverses longitudinales. De manière optionnelle, ledit cadre est constitué d'un profilé d'acier en forme de U s'ouvrant vers l'intérieur de l'ossature.Preferably, the metal frame of the building element is composed of a frame having longitudinal crosspieces. Optionally, said frame consists of a U-shaped steel section opening towards the inside of the framework.

De préférence, au moins une de ses faces latérales présente un parement de protection de préférence en acier revêtu d'un alliage comprenant de l'aluminium et du zinc. De manière optionnelle, les parements de protection côté rue s'étendent vers le bas au delà de l'élément de construction et forment un petit repli situé sous l'élément de construction.Preferably, at least one of its side faces has a protective coating preferably steel coated with an alloy comprising aluminum and zinc. Optionally, the street-side protection facings extend downward beyond the building element and form a small fold below the building element.

Optionellement, l'élément isolant situé dans l'entrevous est constitué par de la laine de verre.Optionally, the insulating element in the interjoists consists of glass wool.

Dans une autre mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention, l'élément de construction présente sur au moins deux de ses côtés latéraux des éléments d'attache de préférence sous forme de pièces d'acier en L soudées au cadre de l'ossature métallique.In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the construction element has fastening elements on at least two of its lateral sides, preferably in the form of L-shaped steel parts welded to the frame of the metal frame. .

L'invention a également pour objet une extension de bâtiment comportant :

  • au moins deux structures en acier profilés en échelle disposées parallèlement et comprenant chacune deux poteaux verticaux et au moins un échelon horizontal ;
  • un plateau composé d'au moins un élément de construction tel que défini plus avant supporté par les échelons horizontaux.
The invention also relates to a building extension comprising:
  • at least two ladder profiled steel structures arranged in parallel and each comprising two vertical columns and at least one horizontal rung;
  • a tray composed of at least one construction element as defined further supported by the horizontal rungs.

Optionnellement, la longueur des échelons entre les deux poteaux des structures en échelles est inférieure à la largeur du plateau.Optionally, the length of the rungs between the two poles of the ladder structures is less than the width of the plate.

On aura compris que le principe de l'invention est la conception d'un nouveau type de panneau préfabriqués destiné à former un plafond et un plancher pour sa partie interne au bâtiment et pouvant se poursuivre en extension ouverte pour la partie externe au bâtiment.It will be understood that the principle of the invention is the design of a new type of prefabricated panel intended to form a ceiling and a floor for its internal part of the building and can continue in open extension for the external part of the building.

L'invention sera bien comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en relation avec les dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une extension de bâtiment selon l'invention sur laquelle un des éléments de construction est représenté éclaté.
  • la figure 2 est un détail d'une vue en coupe transversale de l'élément de construction montrant sa composition.
  • la figure 3 est une représentation d'un détail d'un parement illustrant la formation en demi-coque et la présence de lames.
  • la figure 4 est un détail d'un panneau composite prêt à être assemblé avec le panneau placé voisin illustrant le dispositif de jonction des panneaux composites.
  • la figure 5 est un détail d'une vue en coupe montrant le dispositif de jonction des panneaux composites après assemblage de deux panneaux.
  • la figure 6 est un autre détail d'une vue en coupe transversale de l'élément de construction montrant son côté tourné vers la rue.
  • la figure 7 est un détail d'une coupe verticale d'une extension comprenant deux éléments selon l'invention et montrant l'assemblage d'une structure verticale avec lesdits plateaux et des cloisons séparatives.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages will appear on reading the description which follows, given in connection with the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation of a building extension according to the invention on which one of the building elements is shown exploded.
  • the figure 2 is a detail of a cross-sectional view of the building element showing its composition.
  • the figure 3 is a representation of a detail of a facing illustrating the formation in half-shell and the presence of blades.
  • the figure 4 is a detail of a composite panel ready to be assembled with the adjacent panel illustrating the joining device of the composite panels.
  • the figure 5 is a detail of a sectional view showing the joining device of the composite panels after assembly of two panels.
  • the figure 6 is another detail of a cross-sectional view of the building element showing its side facing the street.
  • the figure 7 is a detail of a vertical section of an extension comprising two elements according to the invention and showing the assembly of a vertical structure with said plates and partition walls.

La figure 1 représente un exemple d'extension d'un bâtiment dans lequel à chaque étage le plateau est formé d'un élément de construction monobloc (1) selon l'invention disposé horizontalement. Le plateau de l'étage supérieur est représenté en structure éclatée de façon à laisser apparaître la structure interne de l'élément de constructions monobloc (1). On remarque que celui-ci est formé par une ossature métallique (2) composée d'un cadre (3) par exemple rectangulaire comportant des traverses (5) longitudinales (par exemple au nombre de 3 ou 4) jouant le rôle de solives et délimitant des entrevous (21). L'ossature métallique (2) est faite de profils d'acier laminés à chaud, grenaillés peints et assemblés par soudure. Les traverses sont des poutres classiques profilées en forme de H. Le cadre (3) est constitué de profilés en forme de U s'ouvrant vers l'intérieur de l'ossature (2). L'ossature métallique (2) est recouverte sur ses faces horizontales supérieure et inférieure par des panneaux composites (7). Les éléments de construction (1) sont destinés à être montés sur un ensemble de poutres verticales ou poteaux (9) présentant de préférence une structure en échelle.The figure 1 represents an example of extension of a building in which on each floor the plate is formed of a monobloc construction element (1) according to the invention arranged horizontally. The tray of the upper stage is shown in exploded structure so as to reveal the internal structure of the element of monobloc constructions (1). It is noted that it is formed by a metal frame (2) composed of a frame (3) for example rectangular having longitudinal crosspieces (5) (for example 3 or 4) acting as joists and delimiting interjoists (21). The metal frame (2) is made of hot-rolled steel profiles, shot-blasted and welded together. The cross members are conventional H-shaped profiled beams. The frame (3) consists of U-shaped sections opening towards the inside of the framework (2). The metal frame (2) is covered on its upper and lower horizontal faces by composite panels (7). The building elements (1) are intended to be mounted on a set of vertical beams or columns (9) preferably having a ladder structure.

La composition d'un élément de construction (1) selon l'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détail en rapport avec la figure 2 qui représente un détail d'une coupe transversale de l'élément de construction (1) montrant sa composition. Les panneaux (7) recouvrant les faces horizontales de l'ossature métallique (2) sont fixés par exemple au moyen d'écrous aveugles (31) traversant directement les ailettes des poutres. Néanmoins d'autres systèmes de fixation peuvent être envisagés par l'homme du métier. On aura avantage à utiliser des panneaux composites (7) présentant une longueur égale à la largeur de l'élément de construction (1) comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1. Néanmoins il est envisageable, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, de placer côte à côte des panneaux (7) composites dans le sens de la largeur. Dans ce cas l'homme du métier aura alors avantage à s'assurer que la jonction entre deux panneaux (7) se situe au niveau d'une des solives (5).The composition of a building element (1) according to the invention will now be described in more detail in connection with the figure 2 which represents a detail of a cross section of the building element (1) showing its composition. The panels (7) covering the horizontal faces of the metal frame (2) are fixed for example by means of blind nuts (31) passing directly through the fins of the beams. Nevertheless, other fastening systems can be envisaged by those skilled in the art. It will be advantageous to use composite panels (7) having a length equal to the width of the building element (1) as can be seen on the figure 1 . Nevertheless it is possible, as we can see on the figure 2 placing composite panels (7) side by side in the width direction. In this case the skilled person will then advantage to ensure that the junction between two panels (7) is at one of the joists (5).

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, les panneaux composites (7) sont des panneaux de type sandwich comprenant deux parements métalliques (11, 13) externes placés espacés et d'une âme isolante (15) en fibres minérales de préférence d'une densité supérieure à 0,5 qui est placée entre lesdits parements. Chaque parement (11 ; 13) est prolongé sur l'épaisseur du panneau en direction du parement disposé en regard par au moins une lame (27) percée d'au moins un trou (29) traversant. De préférence chaque trou (29) d'une lame (27) est aligné avec un trou borgne pratiqué dans l'âme (15). Des éléments de jonction (17) destinés à assurer la jonction de deux panneaux (7) placés voisins sont avantageusement placés dans lesdits trous.In this exemplary embodiment, the composite panels (7) are sandwich-type panels comprising two outer spaced-apart metal cladding elements (11, 13) and an insulating core (15) made of mineral fibers, preferably with a density greater than 0.5 which is placed between said facings. Each facing (11; 13) is extended over the thickness of the panel in the direction of facing disposed by at least one blade (27) pierced with at least one hole (29) therethrough. Preferably each hole (29) of a blade (27) is aligned with a blind hole in the core (15). Joining elements (17) intended to join two adjacent panels (7) are advantageously placed in said holes.

L'âme isolante en fibres minérales à une densité supérieure à 0,5, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,8 de manière à présenter une stabilité suffisante. Lorsque l'âme est composée de différents matériaux placés en couches successives au moins un des matériaux utilisés présente une densité supérieure à 0,5, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,8.The insulating core of mineral fibers at a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8 so as to have sufficient stability. When the core is composed of different materials placed in successive layers, at least one of the materials used has a density greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.8.

Les panneaux composites (7) vont être décrits plus en détail. Il s'agit de laminés constitués par deux parements métalliques (11, 13) externes placés espacés afin d'éviter la formation de ponts thermiques significatifs. Entre lesdits parements (11 ; 13) une âme isolante (15) en fibres minérales est placée. Cette âme est par exemple faite de fibres minérales silicates ou fibro-silicate et présente par exemple une épaisseur de 15 à 30 mm, préférentiellement 24 mm. Des panneaux de fibres minérales pouvant être utilisés sont disponibles dans le commerce par exemple sous la marque FIBRODICE MS®. Ils sont classiquement disponibles avec une épaisseur de 12 ou 18 mm. L'homme du métier empilera sans peine le nombre de panneaux en fibro-silicate nécessaires pour obtenir l'épaisseur désirée. On rappelle, au besoin, que le fibro-silicate est un matériau à base de silicate de magnésium renforcé, isolant et incombustible qui présente une certaine résistance mécanique. Les qualités mécaniques de ce matériau lui permettent d'être poncé, scié, percé, cloués, vissés et/ou collés. Il présente en outre une densité de l'ordre de 1 (1.050 ± 0.1), un module d'élasticité compris entre 5210 et 7845 N/mm2 et une résistance à la flexion comprise entre 12.1 et 17.1 N/mm2.The composite panels (7) will be described in more detail. These are laminates consisting of two external metal cladding (11, 13) spaced apart in order to avoid the formation of significant thermal bridges. Between said facings (11; 13) an insulating core (15) of mineral fibers is placed. This core is for example made of silicate mineral fibers or fibro-silicate and has for example a thickness of 15 to 30 mm, preferably 24 mm. Mineral fiber boards that can be used are commercially available for example under the trademark FIBRODICE MS ® . They are classically available with a thickness of 12 or 18 mm. Those skilled in the art will easily stack the number of fibrosilicate panels necessary to obtain the desired thickness. It is recalled, if necessary, that fibro-silicate is a magnesium silicate material reinforced, insulating and incombustible which has a certain mechanical strength. The mechanical properties of this material allow it to be sanded, sawn, drilled, nailed, screwed and / or glued. It also presents a density of the order of 1 (1.050 ± 0.1), a modulus of elasticity of between 5210 and 7845 N / mm 2 and a flexural strength of between 12.1 and 17.1 N / mm 2 .

L'âme (15) peut également être composite et être constituée d'un assemblage de fibres minérales de composition différente disposées en couches successives. Il peut par exemple être envisageable d'insérer une couche de verre cellulaire alumino-silicaté entre deux couches de fibro-silicates ou inversement.The core (15) can also be composite and consist of an assembly of mineral fibers of different composition arranged in successive layers. It may for example be possible to insert a layer of aluminosilicate cellular glass between two layers of fibrosilicates or vice versa.

Les différents composants du panneau (7) composite sont préférentiellement reliés par une colle présentant par exemple une température d'emploi allant de -40°C à +450°C.The various components of the composite panel (7) are preferably connected by an adhesive having, for example, an operating temperature ranging from -40 ° C. to + 450 ° C.

Les parements (11 ; 13) des panneaux composites (7) sont de préférence en acier revêtu d'un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc. De préférence l'alliage comprend 55 % d'aluminium, 43,4 % de zinc et 1,6 % de silicium. Ce revêtement confère à l'élément de construction une bonne résistance à la corrosion ainsi qu'aux agressions par éléments chimiques. L'aluminium forme un écran insoluble dans la plupart des milieux entre la tôle d'acier et l'atmosphère. Le zinc joue le rôle de phase sacrificielle et se corrode à la place de l'acier sur les tranches et rayures accidentelles. Des tôles en acier présentant ces caractéristiques sont disponibles dans le commerce sous la marque ALUZINC®. Typiquement l'épaisseur des tôles utilisées va se situer dans une plage allant de 0,2 mm à 2 mm, de préférence entre 0,8 et 1,2 mm. L'emploi d'autres types de tôles métalliques est bien sûr envisageable comme par exemple l'emploi de tôles en acier inoxydable.The facings (11; 13) of the composite panels (7) are preferably made of steel coated with an alloy of aluminum and zinc. Preferably the alloy comprises 55% aluminum, 43.4% zinc and 1.6% silicon. This coating gives the building element good resistance to corrosion as well as to chemical elements. Aluminum forms an insoluble screen in most media between the steel sheet and the atmosphere. Zinc plays the role of sacrificial phase and corrodes instead of steel on accidental slices and scratches. Steel sheet having these characteristics are commercially available under the ALUZINC ® brand. Typically the thickness of the sheets used will be in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 mm. The use of other types of metal sheets is of course conceivable, such as the use of stainless steel sheets.

Les parements (11 ; 13) présentent en outre à leurs extrémités des éléments de jonction (17) qui servent à la jonction de deux panneaux (7) placés voisins. La figure 3 présente un exemple de système de jonction entre panneaux composites (7) selon l'invention, étant entendu que l'homme du métier pourra envisager d'autres systèmes de jonction. Dans notre exemple, les parements supérieurs (11) et inférieurs (13) présentent préférentiellement un rebord (25) circonférentiel s'étendant verticalement en direction du parement disposé en regard sans toutefois en atteindre le rebord (25) de sorte à former chacun une demi-coque dans laquelle vient se placer l'élément ou les éléments isolants (15) constituant l'âme. A intervalles préférentiellement réguliers, le rebord (25) est prolongé en direction du parement disposé en regard par une excroissance (27) sous forme de lame percée d'au moins un trou (29) traversant aligné avec au moins un trou borgne pratiqué dans l'âme (15). Lorsque l'âme est une âme composite comprenant une succession de couches de matériaux différents, les trous (29) sont de préférence pratiqués dans l'âme au niveau des couches en un matériau présentant une densité supérieure à 0,5. De préférence les lames (27) ont une taille identique mais il est envisageable d'utiliser plusieurs tailles de lames (27) sur un même parement notamment lorsque l'âme (15) présente des couches de matériaux différents parallèles au plan des parements (11 ; 13) et que le matériau central ne présente pas une densité supérieure à 0,5. Dans le cas, par exemple, où l'âme (15) est composée d'un couche de verre cellulaire alumino-silicaté entre deux couches de fibro-silicates, on aura avantage à utiliser alternativement des lames de tailles différentes pouvant coopérer avec des trous correspondants pratiqués dans les deux couches de fibro-silicate. Des lames (27) de tailles similaires mais présentant plusieurs trous (29) sont également envisageables par l'homme du métier. Les trous (29) d'une lame (27) sont de préférence alignés dans une direction perpendiculaire aux plans définis par les parements (11, 13), mais une autre disposition desdits trous est envisageable. L'homme du métier pratiquera un ou plusieurs trous correspondants dans l'âme (15). Chaque trou pratiqué dans l'âme (15) en regard d'un trou (29) d'un parement étant destiné à recevoir un élément de jonction (17).The facings (11; 13) further have at their ends junction elements (17) which serve to join two adjacent panels (7). The figure 3 shows an example of a joining system between composite panels (7) according to the invention, it being understood that the skilled person may consider other joining systems. In our example, the upper (11) and lower (13) facing preferentially have a circumferential flange (25) extending vertically in the direction of facing facing without however, to reach the rim (25) so as to each form a half-shell in which is placed the element or the insulating elements (15) constituting the core. At preferentially regular intervals, the flange (25) is extended towards the facing facing a protrusion (27) in the form of blade pierced with at least one through hole (29) aligned with at least one blind hole in the soul (15). When the core is a composite core comprising a succession of layers of different materials, the holes (29) are preferably made in the core at the layers of a material having a density greater than 0.5. Preferably the blades (27) have an identical size but it is conceivable to use several sizes of blades (27) on the same facing especially when the core (15) has layers of different materials parallel to the plane of the facings (11). 13) and that the core material does not have a density greater than 0.5. In the case, for example, where the core (15) is composed of a layer of aluminosilicate cellular glass between two layers of fibro-silicates, it will be advantageous to use alternately blades of different sizes that can cooperate with holes corresponding in the two layers of fibro-silicate. Blades (27) of similar sizes but having several holes (29) are also conceivable by those skilled in the art. The holes (29) of a blade (27) are preferably aligned in a direction perpendicular to the planes defined by the facings (11, 13), but another arrangement of said holes is conceivable. Those skilled in the art will practice one or more corresponding holes in the core (15). Each hole made in the core (15) facing a hole (29) of a facing being intended to receive a connecting element (17).

Avantageusement, les trous (29) des lames (27) des parements supérieurs (11) et inférieurs (13) sont alignés sur un plan parallèle au plan défini par les parements métalliques. Les trous (29) des parements supérieurs (11) et inférieurs (13) sont de préférence alignés sur un même plan médian. De la sorte, lorsque deux panneaux (7) sont placés voisins, les trous (29) des lames (27) de leurs parements (11, 13) respectifs sont également alignés et en regard les uns des autres. Une cheville (17) vient alors s'insérer dans lesdits trous (29) des lames et de l'âme (15) permettant ainsi d'assurer la jonction entre les deux panneaux (7).Advantageously, the holes (29) of the blades (27) of the upper (11) and lower (13) are aligned on a plane parallel to the plane defined by the metal facings. The holes (29) of the upper (11) and lower (13) facing are preferably aligned on the same median plane. In this way, when two panels (7) are placed adjacent, the holes (29) of the blades (27) of their respective facings (11, 13) are also aligned and facing each other. An anchor (17) is then inserted into said holes (29) of the blades and the core (15) thereby ensuring the junction between the two panels (7).

Selon une variante de l'invention, présentée à la figure 4, les lames (27) des parements supérieurs (11) et inférieurs (13) se chevauchent et les trous (29) quelles présentent sont alignés. Mais il est possible d'envisager une alternance des lames (27) en provenances des deux parements (11 ; 13) du panneau comme c'est le cas par exemple à la figure 5. L'objectif étant qu'au moins un trou (29) d'au moins une lame (27) du parement supérieur (11) d'un panneau (7) soit aligné avec au moins un trou (29) d'une lame (27) du parement inférieur (13) du panneau placé voisin. De la sorte, les chevilles (17) s'insérant dans les trous (29) permettent d'assurer, en plus de la jonction des panneaux entre eux, la retenue des parements inférieurs (13) par leur fixation aux parements supérieurs (11) prévenant ainsi leur chute en cas d'incendie. L'effet du pont thermique ainsi créé est acceptable en termes de transmission de la chaleur par rapport à l'avantage de la retenue mécanique des parements inférieurs (13).According to a variant of the invention, presented to the figure 4 , the blades (27) of the upper (11) and lower (13) overlap and the holes (29) which are present are aligned. But it is possible to consider an alternation of the blades (27) from the two facings (11; 13) of the panel as is the case for example at the figure 5 . The objective being that at least one hole (29) of at least one blade (27) of the upper face (11) of a panel (7) is aligned with at least one hole (29) of a blade ( 27) of the lower facing (13) of the neighboring panel. In this way, the pegs (17) inserted into the holes (29) ensure, in addition to the junction of the panels together, the retention of the lower facings (13) by their attachment to the upper facings (11). thus preventing their fall in case of fire. The effect of the thermal bridge thus created is acceptable in terms of heat transfer compared to the advantage of the mechanical restraint of the lower facings (13).

De préférence, les panneaux (7) sont de forme sensiblement rectangulaire et les systèmes de lames (27) et de trous (29) sont disposés sur au moins deux côtés desdits panneaux, les longueurs par exemple. Avantageusement, les éléments de jonctions (17) sont disposés sur un seul des côtés présentant lesdites lames (27). De la sorte, lors de l'assemblage desdits panneaux sur l'élément de construction (1) selon l'invention, les éléments de jonction (17) d'un panneau (7) coopéreront avec les trous (29) du panneau (7) placé voisin.Preferably, the panels (7) are substantially rectangular in shape and the blade systems (27) and holes (29) are arranged on at least two sides of said panels, the lengths for example. Advantageously, the junction elements (17) are arranged on only one of the sides having said blades (27). In this way, when assembling said panels on the building element (1) according to the invention, the junction elements (17) of a panel (7) will cooperate with the holes (29) of the panel (7). ) placed next.

L'emploi de panneaux composites (7) présentant d'autres systèmes de jonction impliquant d'autres formes de leurs parements est également envisageable selon l'invention.The use of composite panels (7) having other joining systems involving other forms of their facings is also conceivable according to the invention.

On comprendra sans peine que la face horizontale inférieure de l'élément de construction (1) est destinée à servir de plafond tandis que sa face horizontale supérieure est destinée à servir de plancher aux espaces de vie ainsi créés. C'est pourquoi, selon une variante préférée de l'invention, la face supérieure de l'élément de construction (1) comporte en outre un revêtement (19) en céramique du type renforcé par fibre de verre et commercialisé sous le nom de KERLITE®. Néanmoins, l'homme du métier pourra envisager tout autre type de revêtement en céramique ou en autre matériau pouvant être utilisé en tant que plancher dans un espace de vie et résistant de préférence à la corrosion et au gel.It will be understood without difficulty that the lower horizontal face of the building element (1) is intended to serve as a ceiling while its upper horizontal face is intended to serve as a floor for the living spaces thus created. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper face of the construction element (1) further comprises a coating (19) of ceramic type reinforced with fiberglass and marketed under the name KERLITE ® . Nevertheless, the person skilled in the art may consider any other type of ceramic or other material coating which can be used as a floor in a living space and preferably resistant to corrosion and frost.

Les entrevous (21) formés par les traverses longitudinales (5) de l'ossature métallique et compris entre les panneaux (7) inférieurs et supérieurs sont garnis d'un élément isolant (23) constitué par exemple d'une épaisseur de laine de verre par exemple d'environ 200 mm.The interjoists (21) formed by the longitudinal crosspieces (5) of the metal framework and comprised between the lower and upper panels (7) are lined with an insulating element (23) consisting for example of a thickness of glass wool for example about 200 mm.

De manière optionnelle, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 6, les faces verticales de l'élément de construction (1) selon l'invention sont également recouvertes de parement de protection (33) constitués de tôle métallique de type ALUZINC®. En effet l'homme du métier aura avantage à recouvrir au moins les faces verticales de l'élément de construction qui seront exposées aux intempéries afin de diminuer le risque de corrosion. De plus et de manière avantageuse, les parements de protection (33) côté rue s'étendent vers le bas au delà de l'élément de construction (1) et forment un petit repli (35) en direction du bâtiment, situé sous l'élément de construction. De la sorte les gouttes d'eau résiduelles ne sont pas en contact direct avec le corps de l'élément de construction (1). L'assemblage des parements de protection (33) sur l'élément de construction selon l'invention se fait par tout moyen et par exemple au niveau des panneaux par le biais de rivets aveugles (37).Optionally, as can be seen on the figure 6 , the vertical faces of the construction element (1) according to the invention are also covered with protective coating (33) made of metal sheet ALUZINC ® type. Indeed the skilled person will benefit from covering at least the vertical faces of the building element which will be exposed to the weather to reduce the risk of corrosion. Additionally and advantageously, the street-side protection coves (33) extend downwardly beyond the building element (1) and form a small fold (35) towards the building, located under the building element. In this way the residual water drops are not in direct contact with the body of the building element (1). The assembly of the protective panels (33) on the building element according to the invention is done by any means and for example at the level of the panels by means of blind rivets (37).

Les éléments de construction (1) selon l'invention présentent une bonne isolation thermique et présentent une résistance au feu de plus d'1H30. L'isolation acoustique a également été testée et présente des performances de l'ordre de 53 dB.The building elements (1) according to the invention have good thermal insulation and have a fire resistance of more than 1H30. Sound insulation has also been tested and shows performances of around 53 dB.

Lors de la construction d'une extension de bâtiment avec des éléments de construction (1) selon l'invention, il sera tout d'abord érigé au moins deux structures métalliques en échelle disposées en regard l'une de l'autre et perpendiculairement à la façade destinée à recevoir l'extension. Les montants de l'échelle ou poteaux (9) sont constitués de poutres d'acier en forme de H. Sur ces poteaux sont fixés des échelons (39) (représenté à la figure 7) constitués elles aussi de poutres d'acier en forme de H, sur lesquels vont être fixés les éléments de construction (1) selon l'invention.When constructing a building extension with building elements (1) according to the invention, it will first be erected at least two ladder metal structures arranged facing each other and perpendicular to the facade intended to receive the extension. The uprights of the ladder or posts (9) consist of H-shaped steel beams. On these posts are fixed steps (39) (shown in FIG. figure 7 ) constituted they also H-shaped steel beams, on which will be fixed the construction elements (1) according to the invention.

De manière avantageuse, et comme on peut le voir sur la figure 7, les faces verticales latérales de l'élément de construction (1) selon l'invention sont soudées à des attaches (41) en acier en forme de L qui sont destinées à être fixées sur les semelles des poutres transversales (39) par un système de fixation (43) classique par boulonnage par exemple.Advantageously, and as can be seen on the figure 7 , the lateral vertical faces of the construction element (1) according to the invention are welded to L-shaped steel fasteners (41) which are intended to be fixed to the flanges of the transverse beams (39) by a system fixing (43) conventional bolting for example.

Il apparait donc clairement que la construction d'une extension est grandement facilité par le procédé selon l'invention ou l'emploi d'éléments de construction (1) préfabriqués monoblocs selon l'invention.It is therefore clear that the construction of an extension is greatly facilitated by the method according to the invention or the use of building elements (1) prefabricated monobloc according to the invention.

On notera en se référant à nouveau à la figure 1 que la distance d'écartement entre les poteaux (9) des échelles métalliques de structure donc des échelons (39) est inférieure à la largeur du plateau constitué par au moins un élément de construction (1) selon l'invention. De préférence, mais de manière non limitative, la largeur de la structure métallique en échelle correspond à la largeur de l'extension destinée à être chauffée et qui sera fermée par une façade (non représentée). L'extension du plateau au-delà de la façade est la partie non-chauffée de l'extension, par exemple un balcon ou une loggia.We will note by referring again to the figure 1 the spacing distance between the poles (9) of the structural metal ladders and steps (39) is less than the width of the plate constituted by at least one construction element (1) according to the invention. Preferably, but in a nonlimiting manner, the width of the ladder metal structure corresponds to the width of the extension intended to be heated and which will be closed by a facade (not shown). The extension of the plateau beyond the facade is the unheated portion of the extension, for example a balcony or loggia.

Une partie de l'extension sera donc fermée par une façade. Cette partie de l'extension peut avantageusement être divisée afin de former des pièces distinctes.Part of the extension will be closed by a facade. This part of the extension can advantageously be divided to form separate parts.

La figure 7 présente une coupe verticale d'un assemblage selon l'invention, d'une structure verticale en échelle, de deux éléments de construction (1) de part et d'autre de ladite structure et de cloisons séparatives.The figure 7 has a vertical section of an assembly according to the invention, a vertical structure ladder, two building elements (1) on either side of said structure and partition walls.

Comme on le voit la poutre (39) constituant un des échelons de la structure métallique est assemblée, comme nous l'avons vu plus haut, aux éléments de constructions (1) par le biais d'attaches (41). Sur sa face supérieure se trouve un panneau composite (47) selon l'invention dont la face supérieure se trouve avantageusement à la même hauteur que les panneaux composites (7) disposés sur la face supérieure de l'élément de construction (1). Le panneau composite (47) est également recouvert d'un revêtement (19) en céramique assurant ainsi une finition homogène et esthétique du plancher sur lequel va évoluer le futur occupant de l'extension.As seen the beam (39) constituting one of the steps of the metal structure is assembled, as we have seen above, the building elements (1) through fasteners (41). On its upper face is a composite panel (47) according to the invention, the upper face is advantageously at the same height as the composite panels (7) disposed on the upper face of the construction element (1). The composite panel (47) is also covered with a ceramic coating (19) thus ensuring a homogeneous and aesthetic finish of the floor on which the future occupant of the extension will evolve.

Sur la face inférieure définissant le plafond, un panneau composite (49) en fibres minérales avec un parement en acier est par exemple déposé à cheval entre deux éléments de construction (1) placés voisins afin de clore la zone d'assemblage. D'autres dispositions sont évidement possibles et notamment des dispositions permettant d'obtenir un plafond sans relief.On the underside defining the ceiling, a composite panel (49) made of mineral fibers with a steel facing is for example placed astride between two adjacent building elements (1) in order to close the assembly area. Other provisions are obviously possible including provisions for obtaining a ceiling without relief.

Dans notre exemple, des cloisons séparatives (45) sont montées au niveau des échelons (39) de la structure métallique mais il est possible de d'ériger de telles cloisons à d'autres emplacements et notamment sur les éléments de construction (1) eux-mêmes. Les cloisons séparatives sont idéalement composées de deux parements métalliques de type ALUZINC® entourant une âme en un matériau isolant constitué de préférence par un verre cellulaire alumino-silicaté. Ce matériau présente une très bonne stabilité dimensionnelle, une densité de l'ordre de 0.12, une plage de température d'emploi allant de -260°C à +430°C et une incombustibilité classée M0 selon la norme française NF P 92-507. Un tel matériau est par exemple vendu sous la marque FOAMGLAS®. On aura avantage à utiliser une âme d'environ 40 mm d'épaisseur. Les parements et l'âme sont reliés au moyen d'une colle. Les cloisons séparatives (45) sont donc disposées verticalement et fixées à leur extrémité supérieure par des attaches en forme de L. De préférence, l'espace situé entre le bord supérieur de la cloison séparative (45) et le plafond est rempli de laine céramique (51).In our example, partition walls (45) are mounted at the level of the steps (39) of the metal structure but it is possible to erect such partitions at other locations and in particular on the building elements (1) them -Same. The partition walls are ideally composed of two metal facings ALUZINC ® type surrounding a core of an insulating material preferably consisting of an aluminosilicate cellular glass. This material has a very good dimensional stability, a density of the order of 0.12, a temperature range of use ranging from -260 ° C to + 430 ° C and an incombustibility classified M0 according to the French standard NF P 92-507 . Such a material is for example sold under the trade name FOAMGLAS ® . It will be advantageous to use a core approximately 40 mm thick. The siding and the soul are connected by means of an adhesive. The partition walls (45) are thus arranged vertically and fixed at their upper end by L-shaped fasteners. Preferably, the space between the upper edge of the partition (45) and the ceiling is filled with ceramic wool (51).

Avantageusement les poteaux (9) sont habillés et protégés par des capots composites comportant un revêtement en fibro-silicate d'environ 24 mm d'épaisseur collé à un parement en acier du type ALUZINC® décrit plus haut.Advantageously, the posts (9) are dressed and protected by composite covers having a fibro-silicate coating approximately 24 mm thick bonded to a steel facing of the type ALUZINC ® described above.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-avant, seulement à titre d'exemple mais englobe toutes les variantes que pourra envisager l'homme du métier dans le cadre des revendications ci-après.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, only by way of example but encompasses all the variants that may be considered by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims below.

Claims (15)

- Elément de construction (1) constitué: - d'un ensemble de panneaux (7) composites constituant la face inférieure, - d'un ensemble de panneaux (7) composites de même type constituant la face supérieure, - d'une ossature métallique (2) disposée entre les deux et formant au moins un entrevous (21), et - d'un élément isolant (23) situé dans l'entrevous (21) ;
les panneaux (7) composites des faces inférieure et supérieure étant constitués chacun de deux parements metalliques (11; 13) externes placés espacés et d'une âme isolante (15) en fibres minérales qui est placée entre lesdits parements. - Construction element (1) consisting of: a set of composite panels (7) constituting the lower face, a set of composite panels (7) of the same type constituting the upper face, - a metal frame (2) arranged between the two and forming at least one interjoists (21), and - an insulating element (23) located in the interjoists (21);
the composite panels (7) of the lower and upper faces being each made up of two spaced external outer metal cladding (11; 13) and an insulating core (15) of mineral fibers which is placed between said cladding. - Elément de construction (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les parements supérieur (11) et inférieur (13) des panneaux composées (7) présentent un rebord (25) circonférentiel s'étendant en direction du parement disposé en regard sans toutefois attendre le rebord (25) en regard de sorte à former chacun une demi-coque dans laquelle vient se placer l'âme isolante (15), lesdits rebords (25) de chaque parement (11 ; 13) sont prolongés en direction du parement, déposé en regard par au moins une lame (27) percée d'un trou (29) traversant, chaque trou (29) d'une lame (27) étant aligne avec un trou borgne pratiqué dans l'âme (15) de sorte à pouvoir recevoir des éléments de jonction destinés à assurer la jonction de deux panneaux placés voisins.- Building element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper (11) and lower (13) of the composite panels (7) have a flange (25) circumferential extending towards the facing facing without, however, waiting for the flange (25) opposite to form each a half-shell in which is placed the insulating core (15), said flanges (25) of each facing (11; 13) are extended in the direction of facing, deposited by at least one blade (27) pierced with a through hole (29), each hole (29) of a blade (27) being aligned with a blind hole formed in the core (15) of so as to be able to receive junction elements intended to ensure the joining of two neighboring panels. - Elément de construction (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que trous (29) des lames (27) des parements supérieurs (11) et inférieurs (13) des panneaux (7) sont alignés sur un même plan préférentiellement médian du panneau (7) composite.- Building element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that holes (29) of the blades (27) of the upper (11) and lower (13) of the panels (7) are aligned on a same preferentially median plane of the panel (7) composite. - Elément de construction (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les lames (27) des parements supérieurs (11) et inférieurs (13) des panneaux (7) se chevauchent.- Element of construction (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the blades (27) of the upper (11) and lower (13) of the panels (7) overlap. - Elément de construction (1) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de jonctions sont constitués par des chevilles (17) venant s'insérer dans les trous (29) des lames (27) des parements (11,13) et de l'âme (15) des panneaux (7).- Building element (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the junction elements are constituted by pins (17) to be inserted into the holes (29) of the blades (27) of the facings (11,13) and the core (15) of the panels (7). - de construction (1) selon rune des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en en ce que les parements des panneaux composées sont en acier revêtu d'un alliage comprenant de l'aluminium et du zinc.- Building (1) according rune claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the facings of the composite panels are steel coated with an alloy comprising aluminum and zinc. - Elément de construction (1) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en en ce que l'âme des panneaux composites est constituée de fibro-silicate.- Building element (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the core of the composite panels is made of fibro-silicate. - Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que sa face supérieure présente en outre un revêtement céramique.- Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that its upper face further has a ceramic coating. - Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'ossature métallique1 (2) est composée d'un cadre (3) comportant des traverses longitudinales (5), de préférence ledit cadre (3) est constitué d'un profilé d'acier en forme de U s'ouvrant vers l'intérieur de l'ossature (2).- Element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the metal frame1 (2) is composed of a frame (3) having longitudinal crosspieces (5), preferably said frame (3) consists of a U-shaped steel section opening towards the inside of the framework (2). - Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une de ses faces latérales présente un parement de protection (33) de préférence en acier revêtu d'un alliage comprenant de l'aluminium et du zinc,Element according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one of its lateral faces has a protective covering (33), preferably of steel coated with an alloy comprising aluminum and zinc, - Elément selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les parements de protection (33) côté rue s'étendent vers le bas au de l'élément de construction (1) et forment un petit repli (35) situé sous l'élément de construction.Element according to claim 10, characterized in that the street-facing protective layers (33) extend downwardly from the construction element (1) and form a small fold (35) located under the element of construction. - Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément isolant (23) situé dans l'entrevous (21) est constitué par de la laine de verre.- Element according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the insulating element (23) in the interjoists (21) is constituted by glass wool. - Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente sur au moins deux de ses côtés latéraux des éléments d'attache (41) de préférence forme de pièces d'acier en L soudées au cadre (3) de l'ossature metallique (2).- Element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has on at least two of its lateral sides fastening elements (41) preferably formed of L-shaped steel parts welded to the frame (3). ) of the metal frame (2). - Extension de bâtiment comportant : - au moins deux structures en acier profilés en échelle déposées parallèlement et comprenant chacune deux poteaux (9) verticaux au moins un échelon horizontal (39). - un plateau composé d'au moins un élément de construction (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 supporté par les échelons horizontaux (39). - Building extension comprising: - At least two ladder-profiled steel structures deposited in parallel and each comprising two vertical poles (9) at least one horizontal rung (39). - A plate consisting of at least one construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13 supported by the horizontal rungs (39). - extension de bâtiment selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la longueur des échelons (39) entre les deux poteaux (9) des structures en échelles est inférieure à la largeur du plateau.building extension according to claim 14, characterized in that the length of the rungs (39) between the two poles (9) of the ladder structures is less than the width of the plate.
EP09180465A 2009-12-22 2009-12-22 Prefabricated element for the construction of building extensions and building extensions thus built Withdrawn EP2339085A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016008721A1 (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Inventio Ag Cover component for an escalator or a moving walkway
CN108331250A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-07-27 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 A kind of aluminum alloy frame wall and its installation method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29806721U1 (en) * 1998-04-06 1998-07-30 Thilo Lange Metallbau GmbH, 06198 Gimritz Balcony construction
EP1923520A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-21 Knauf Insaat ve Yapi Elemanlari Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. Wall Element

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29806721U1 (en) * 1998-04-06 1998-07-30 Thilo Lange Metallbau GmbH, 06198 Gimritz Balcony construction
EP1923520A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-21 Knauf Insaat ve Yapi Elemanlari Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. Wall Element

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016008721A1 (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Inventio Ag Cover component for an escalator or a moving walkway
CN106660755A (en) * 2014-07-17 2017-05-10 因温特奥股份公司 Cover component for an escalator or a moving walkway
US9908747B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2018-03-06 Inventio Ag Cladding component for an escalator or a moving walkway
CN106660755B (en) * 2014-07-17 2019-03-15 因温特奥股份公司 Shade member for escalator or moving elevator
CN108331250A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-07-27 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 A kind of aluminum alloy frame wall and its installation method
CN108331250B (en) * 2018-04-25 2023-07-28 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 Aluminum alloy frame wall and installation method thereof

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