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EP2324287B1 - Générateur de vapeur en continu - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur en continu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2324287B1
EP2324287B1 EP09782619.2A EP09782619A EP2324287B1 EP 2324287 B1 EP2324287 B1 EP 2324287B1 EP 09782619 A EP09782619 A EP 09782619A EP 2324287 B1 EP2324287 B1 EP 2324287B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
steam generator
superheater
flow medium
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09782619.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2324287A2 (fr
Inventor
Martin Effert
Frank Thomas
Joachim Franke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP09782619.2A priority Critical patent/EP2324287B1/fr
Publication of EP2324287A2 publication Critical patent/EP2324287A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2324287B1 publication Critical patent/EP2324287B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/341—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part
    • F22B21/343—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber
    • F22B21/345—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber with a tube bundle between an upper and a lower drum in the convection pass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous steam generator with a number of burners for fossil fuel whose Um Publishedswand is wholly or partially formed gas-tight welded together steam generator tubes, wherein the burners are arranged in a combustion chamber, the heating gas side via a horizontal gas a vertical gas train is connected downstream of a first part the steam generator tubes is designed as a system of evaporator tubes upstream of a water separation system on the flow medium side and a second part of the steam generator tubes is designed as a system of superheater tubes connected downstream of the water separation system on the flow medium side.
  • a fossil-fueled steam generator the energy of a fossil fuel is used to generate superheated steam, which can then be supplied to power a steam turbine, for example, in a power plant.
  • steam temperatures and pressures steam generators are usually designed as a water tube boiler, d. h., The supplied water flows in a number of tubes which receive the energy in the form of radiant heat of the burner flames and / or by convection of the resulting during combustion flue gas.
  • the steam generator tubes usually form the combustion chamber wall by being welded together in gas-tight fashion.
  • the combustion chamber downstream side of the combustion chamber arranged Dampfampfererrohe can be provided in the exhaust duct.
  • Fossil fueled steam generators can be categorized by a variety of criteria: based on the flow direction of the gas flow, steam generators, for example, can be divided into vertical and horizontal types. In fossil-fueled steam generators in vertical construction usually a draw-in and two-pass boiler are distinguished.
  • the flue gas produced by the combustion in the combustion chamber always flows vertically from bottom to top. All arranged in the flue gas heating surfaces are above the combustion chamber. Tower boilers offer a comparatively simple construction and easy control of the stresses caused by the thermal expansion of the tubes. Furthermore, all heating surfaces in the flue gas duct are arranged horizontally and therefore completely drainable, which may be desirable in frost-prone environments.
  • Steam generators can continue to be designed as a natural circulation, forced circulation or continuous steam generator.
  • a continuous steam generator the heating of a number of evaporator tubes leads to a complete evaporation of the flow medium in the evaporator tubes in one pass.
  • the flow medium - usually water - is supplied to the evaporator tubes downstream superheater tubes after its evaporation and overheated there.
  • this description is only valid for partial loads with subcritical pressure of water (P Kri ⁇ 221 bar) - where at no temperature water and steam can occur simultaneously and thus no phase separation is possible - valid in the evaporator.
  • P Kri ⁇ 221 bar subcritical pressure of water
  • the position of the evaporation end point, d. H. The place where the water content of the flow is completely evaporated, is variable and mode-dependent.
  • the evaporation end point is, for example, in an end region of the evaporator tubes, so that the overheating of the evaporated flow medium already begins in the evaporator tubes.
  • a continuous steam generator In contrast to a natural or forced circulation steam generator, a continuous steam generator is not subject to any pressure limitation, so that it can be designed for live steam pressures far above the critical pressure of water.
  • such a continuous-flow steam generator is usually operated with a minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes in order to ensure reliable cooling of the evaporator tubes.
  • the pure mass flow through the evaporator usually no longer suffices for cooling the evaporator tubes, so that an additional throughput of flow medium is superimposed on the passage of flow medium through the evaporator in circulation.
  • the operationally provided minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes is thus not completely evaporated during startup or during low load operation in the evaporator tubes, so that in such a mode at the end of the evaporator tubes still unvaporized flow medium, in particular a water-steam mixture is present.
  • continuous-flow steam generators are usually designed such that Even when starting and in low load operation, a water inlet into the superheater pipes is safely avoided.
  • the evaporator tubes are usually connected to the superheater tubes connected downstream via a Wasserabscheidesystem.
  • the water separator causes a separation of the emerging during the start or in low load operation of the evaporator tubes water-steam mixture in water and in steam.
  • the steam is supplied to the water separator downstream superheater tubes, whereas the separated water can be fed back to the evaporator tubes, for example via a circulating pump or discharged through a decompressor.
  • the above-mentioned concept causes high temperature differences between evaporator tubes and superheater tubes:
  • unevaporated flow medium flows at saturation temperature in the evaporator tubes, while steam at higher temperatures still exists in the superheater tubes.
  • the evaporator tubes are filled with cold feed water while the superheater tubes are still at operating temperature level. This can lead to overloading and damage to the materials due to the different thermal expansion.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a continuous steam generator of the type mentioned above, which involves a comparatively lower repair costs and has a comparatively long service life.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a reduction of the repair effort and an increase in the life of the continuous steam generator would be possible if damage could be minimized by different thermal expansion of welded together steam generator tubes.
  • the differential expansion is the result of high temperature differences between the steam generator tubes. These temperature differences are caused by different cooling of the steam generator tubes and by different temperatures flowing in them flow medium and therefore occur in particular at the separation between welded together evaporator and superheater tubes, as these through the intermediate Wasserabscheidesystem especially during cold and hot start a different flow have flow medium at different temperatures.
  • the combustion chamber wall of the continuous steam generator is formed from evaporator tubes and a side wall of the horizontal gas flue formed from superheater tubes, wherein the adjoining the combustion chamber superheater tubes are downstream of the Wasserabscheidesystem flow medium side.
  • the ceiling of the continuous steam generator is formed from superheater pipes which are connected downstream of the water separation system on the flow medium side.
  • the superheater tubes of the ceiling is connected in parallel with other superheater tubes adjacent to the evaporator tubes.
  • Such a circuit is advantageous by the parallel connection of the heating surfaces in terms of the expected pressure loss.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the temperature differences between these tubes are consistently minimized by the flow medium side immediate downstream of parallel to the evaporator tubes superheater tubes to the Wasserabscheidesystem. As a result, the different thermal expansion is minimized and damage and overloads prevented, which has a lower repair liability and longer life of the continuous steam generator result.
  • FIG. 1 shows a continuous steam generator in Zweizugbauweise in a schematic representation.
  • the continuous steam generator 1 according to the figure comprises a combustion chamber 2 designed as a vertical gas train, which is followed by a horizontal gas train 6 in an upper region 4. At the horizontal gas train 6, another vertical gas train 8 connects.
  • the combustion chamber wall 12 is formed from steam generator tubes which are welded together in a gas-tight manner and into which a flow medium, usually water, which is heated by the heat generated by the burners, is pumped in by a pump (not shown).
  • a flow medium usually water
  • the steam generator tubes can be aligned either spirally or vertically. In a spiral arrangement, a comparatively higher design effort is required, but the resulting differences in heating between pipes connected in parallel are comparatively lower than in the case of a vertically-combusted combustion chamber 2.
  • the continuous steam generator 1 shown further comprises, to improve the flue gas duct, a nose 14, which merges directly into the bottom 16 of the horizontal gas flue 6 and projects into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the steam generator tubes of the combustion chamber 2 are designed as evaporator tubes.
  • the flow medium is first evaporated in them and fed via outlet collector 20 to the water separation system 22.
  • Wasserabscheidesystem 22 not yet evaporated water is collected and removed. This is particularly necessary in start-up operation when a larger amount of flow medium has to be pumped in for safe cooling of the evaporator tubes than can be evaporated in an evaporator tube passage.
  • the generated steam is conducted into the inlet header 24 of the downstream superheater tubes, which form the ceiling 26 of the continuous steam generator 1 and the walls of the horizontal gas flue 6.
  • the transition from the side walls of the vertical gas flue to the side walls of the horizontal flue 6 represents the separation point 18 between evaporator tubes of the combustion chamber wall 12 and superheater tubes in the walls of the horizontal flue 6.
  • these superheater tubes are connected directly downstream via the Wasserabscheidesystem 22 via a connecting line 28.
  • these superheater pipes are only supplied with saturated steam and not with superheated steam of higher temperature, whereby the temperature is reduced.
  • the superheater tubes are connected in the walls of the horizontal gas flue 6 parallel to those of the ceiling 26 and are flowed through from top to bottom. In the event of an overfeeding of the water separation system 22, non-vaporized flow medium can thus be discharged into the outlet headers 30 of the superheater tubes and stagnation of the flow can not occur.
  • the temperature differences are minimized at the separation point 18 between the evaporator tubes of the combustion chamber wall 12 and the superheater tubes in the walls of the horizontal gas flue 6, whereby damage can be effectively prevented. This results in a comparatively lower repair susceptibility and longer life of the continuous steam generator 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Générateur (1) de vapeur à passage continu ayant un certain nombre de brûleurs de combustibles fossiles, dont la paroi d'enceinte est formée, en tout ou partie, de tubes de générateur de vapeur soudés ensemble d'une manière étanche au gaz, les brûleurs étant disposés dans une chambre de combustion en aval de laquelle, du point de vue du gaz de chauffage, un passage (8) vertical pour du gaz est branché par l'intermédiaire d'un passage (6) horizontal pour du gaz, une première partie des tubes de générateur de vapeur soudés entre eux d'une manière étanche au gaz étant sous la forme d'un système de tubes d'évaporateur montés en amont du point de vue du fluide en écoulement d'un système (22) de séparation d'eau, et une deuxième partie des tubes de générateur de vapeur, soudés entre eux d'une manière étanche au gaz, étant sous la forme d'un système de tubes de surchauffeur montés en aval du point de vue du fluide en écoulement du système (22) de séparation d'eau, des tubes de surchauffeur voisins parallèlement à des tubes d'évaporateur étant montés directement en aval du point de vue du fluide en écoulement du système (22) de séparation d'eau.
  2. Générateur (1) de vapeur à passage continu suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel la paroi (12) de la chambre de combustion est formée d tubes d'évaporateurs et une paroi latérale du passage (6) horizontal pour du gaz est formée de tubes de surchauffeurs, les tubes de surchauffeur voisins de la chambre de combustion (2) étant montés directement en aval du point de vue du fluide en écoulement du système (22) de séparation d'eau.
  3. Générateur (1) de vapeur à passage continu suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le couvercle (26) du générateur (1) à passage continu est formé de tubes de surchauffeur qui sont montés directement en aval du point de vue du fluide en écoulement du système (22) de séparation d'eau.
  4. Générateur (1) de vapeur à passage continu suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel des tubes de surchauffeur, disposés verticalement et voisins parallèlement de tubes d'évaporateur, sont conçus de manière à ce que le fluide en écoulement passe de haut en bas dans les tubes de surchauffeurs.
EP09782619.2A 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Générateur de vapeur en continu Active EP2324287B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09782619.2A EP2324287B1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Générateur de vapeur en continu

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08015871A EP2182278A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Générateur de vapeur en continu
EP09782619.2A EP2324287B1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Générateur de vapeur en continu
PCT/EP2009/061468 WO2010029022A2 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Générateur de vapeur en continu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2324287A2 EP2324287A2 (fr) 2011-05-25
EP2324287B1 true EP2324287B1 (fr) 2016-11-02

Family

ID=41820262

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08015871A Withdrawn EP2182278A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Générateur de vapeur en continu
EP09782619.2A Active EP2324287B1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Générateur de vapeur en continu

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08015871A Withdrawn EP2182278A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Générateur de vapeur en continu

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20110162592A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2182278A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5345217B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102149970B (fr)
AU (1) AU2009290944B2 (fr)
DK (1) DK2324287T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010029022A2 (fr)

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US20140123914A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Vogt Power International Inc. Once-through steam generator

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JP2012502250A (ja) 2012-01-26
WO2010029022A3 (fr) 2010-05-27
AU2009290944A1 (en) 2010-03-18
US20110162592A1 (en) 2011-07-07
WO2010029022A2 (fr) 2010-03-18
DK2324287T3 (en) 2017-02-06
CN102149970A (zh) 2011-08-10
EP2182278A1 (fr) 2010-05-05
CN102149970B (zh) 2016-08-03
AU2009290944B2 (en) 2014-04-17
JP5345217B2 (ja) 2013-11-20
EP2324287A2 (fr) 2011-05-25

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