Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/123—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from carboxylic acids, e.g. sulfosuccinates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2065—Polyhydric alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
  • C11D3/38663—Stabilised liquid enzyme compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions comprising only biodegradable and eco-friendly ingredients that exhibit exceptional performance compared to traditional detergent formulations that use less friendly surfactant and builder ingredients.
• this invention relates to ecologically responsible liquid laundry detergent compositions that utilize unique surfactant-builder-enzyme combinations in conjunction with performance boosting natural essences.
• Liquid laundry detergents have been known in the art for decades. Modem detergents are often comprised of blends of synthetic anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, along with any number of additional ingredients such as builders, water-conditioners, dispersants, soil-release polymers, detersive enzymes and bleaching agents to improve cleaning performance and to achieve performance/cost optimized compositions that are consumer acceptable. Although major strides over decades have moved laundry detergents away from environmentally adverse ingredients such as phosphates, much of the liquid detergents today unfortunately continue to use synthetic surfactants that although biodegradable are petroleum derived. There is a continued need to improve the environmental profile of these liquid laundry detergents. Many of the surfactants used today are of petroleum base rather than vegetable or animal sourced.
• oils or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, mineral spirits, pine oil, fatty esters, carboxylic diester oils, motor oils, or triglycerides, and the like into stable water-in-oil micro-emulsions through a combination of alcohol ethoxylate and alkyl polyglycoside surfactant mixtures.
• U.S. Pat. No. 7,033,984 to Hafkamp, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,077 to Beers, et al. , claim herbal benefit in the laundry through the incorporation of herbal extracts in laundry detergents that deposit the benefit agent onto the clothing that then transfers the benefit agent to the person wearing that clothing.
• the present invention provides a liquid laundry detergent composition as defined in the claims.
• the present invention relates to a liquid composition for laundering fabrics that exhibits good performance such as stain removal and whiteness retention.
• the compositions are comprised entirely of ecologically responsible ingredients.
• the liquid laundry detergent compositions of the present invention may include anionic surfactant components, preferably alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfate, alpha-sulfonated fatty acid esters, and/or fatty acid soaps, which together total from about 1wt% to about 20wt%; optionally nonionic surfactants, most preferably the non-petroleum derived fatty alcohol ethoxylates and/or alkyl polyglycoside surfactants, totaling from about 1wt% to about 10wt%; optionally, a "natural essence" such as an essential oil, natural tree, plant, fruit, nut or seed extract, or other purified synthetic organic material to boost performance and enzyme stability, and in many instances to also provide fragrance, totally from about 0.1wt% to about 5wt%; optionally
• composition is highly preferred for the composition to be essentially free from Boron. Preferably, no deliberately added boron is incorporated into the composition.
• the eco-friendly detergent compositions of the present invention preferably include at least one anionic surfactant.
• Preferred anionic surfactants for use in the present invention include the alkyl ether sulfates, also known as alcohol ether sulfates.
• Preferred alkyl ether sulfates for use in one embodiment of the present invention are C8-C18 alcohol ether sulfates with a degree of ethoxylation of from about 0.5 to about 9 ethylene oxide moieties and most preferred are the C12-C15 alcohol ether sulfates with ethoxylation from about 4 to about 9 ethylene oxide moieties, with 7 ethylene oxide moieties being most preferred. In another embodiment, the C12-C15 alcohol ether sulfates with ethoxylation from about 0.5 to about 3 ethylene oxide moieties are preferred.
• the fatty alcohol portion of the surfactant is preferably animal or vegetable derived, rather than petroleum derived. Therefore the fatty alcohol portion of the surfactant will comprise distributions of even number carbon chains, e.g. C12, C14, C16, C18, and so forth. It is understood that when referring to alkyl ether sulfates, these substances are already salts (hence "sulfate” nomenclature), and most preferred and most readily available are the sodium alkyl ether sulfates (also referred to as NaAES, or simply FAES). Commercially available alkyl ether sulfates include the CALFOAM.RTM.
• alkyl ether sulfates for use in the present invention may be prepared by sulfonation of alcohol ethoxylates (i.e., nonionic surfactants) if the commercial alkyl ether sulfate with the desired chain lengths and EO content are not easily found, but perhaps where the nonionic alcohol ethoxylate starting material may be.
• ethoxylates i.e., nonionic surfactants
• sodium lauryl ether sulfate (“sodium laureth sulfate", having about 2-3 ethylene oxide moieties) is very readily available commercially and quite common in shampoos and detergents. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate is preferred for use in the detergents of the present invention.
• a commercially available nonionic surfactant such as Neodol.RTM. 25-7 Primary Alcohol Ethoxylate (a C12-C15/7EO nonionic from Shell) to obtain for example the C12-C15/7EO alkyl ether sulfate that may have been more difficult to source commercially.
• alkyl ether sulfate for use in the present invention is sodium lauryl sulfate-2EO, available as Calfoam.RTM. ES-302 from Pilot Chemical.
• the preferred level of C12-C18/0.5-9EO alkyl ether sulfate for use in the present invention is from about 1wt% to about 50wt%. More preferred is to incorporate sodium lauryl ether sulfate (e.g. Calfoam.RTM. ES-302) from about 3wt% to about 15wt% actives weight basis.
• alpha-sulfonated alkyl esters of C12-C16 fatty acids.
• the alpha-sulfonated alkyl esters may be pure alkyl ester or a blend of (1) a mono-salt of an alpha-sulfonated alkyl ester of a fatty acid having from 8-20 carbon atoms where the alkyl portion forming the ester is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms and (2) a di-salt of an alpha-sulfonated fatty acid, the ratio of mono-salt to di-salt being at least about 2:1.
• the alpha-sulfonated alkyl esters useful herein are typically prepared by sulfonating an alkyl ester of a fatty acid with a sulfonating agent such as SO3.
• a sulfonating agent such as SO3.
• the alpha-sulfonated alkyl esters normally contain a minor amount, (typically less than 33% by weight), of the di-salt of the alpha-sulfonated fatty acid which results from saponification of the ester.
• Preferred alpha-sulfonated alkyl esters contain less than about 10% by weight of the di-salt of the corresponding alpha-sulfonated fatty acid.
• alpha-sulfonated alkyl esters i.e., alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants
• alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants include linear esters of C8-C20 carboxylic acids that are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 as described in the " The Journal of American Oil Chemists Society," 52 (1975), pp. 323-329 .
• Suitable starting materials preferably include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc., rather than petroleum derived materials.
• alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants especially for laundry detergent compositions of the present invention, comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula R3-CH(SO3M)-CO2R4, wherein R3 is a C8-C20 hydrocarbon chain preferably naturally derived, R4 is a straight or branched chain C1-C6 alkyl group and M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate, including sodium, potassium, magnesium, and ammonium cations.
• R3 is C10-C16 fatty alkyl
• R4 is methyl or ethyl.
• alpha-sulfonated methyl or ethyl esters of a distribution of fatty acids having an average of from 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
• the alpha-sulfonated esters Alpha-Step.RTM. BBS-45, Alpha-Step.RTM. MC-48, and Alpha-Step.RTM. PC-48, all available from the Stepan Co. of Northfield, Ill., may find use in the present invention.
• the methyl esters are derived from methanol sources.
• the ethyl esters which are currently not commercially available, would be the most preferred alpha-sulfonated fatty acid esters.
• the alpha-sulfonated alkyl ester is preferably incorporated at from about 3% to about 15% by weight actives.
• compositions of the present invention may also include fatty acid soaps as an anionic surfactant ingredient.
• the fatty acids that may find use in the present invention may be represented by the general formula R-COOH, wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having between about 8 and 24 carbons. It is understood that within the compositions of the present invention, the free fatty acid form (the carboxylic acid) will be converted to the carboxylate salt in-situ (that is, to the fatty acid soap), by the excess alkalinity present in the composition from added alkaline builder.
• “soap” means salts of fatty acids.
• the fatty acids will be present in the composition as R--COOM, wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having between about 8 and 24 carbons and M represents an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium.
• R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having between about 8 and 24 carbons
• M represents an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium.
• the fatty acid soap which is often a desirable component having suds reducing effect in the washer, (and especially advantageous for side loading or horizontal tub laundry machines), is preferably comprised of higher fatty acid soaps.
• the fatty acids that are added directly into the compositions of the present invention may be derived from natural fats and oils, such as those from animal fats and greases and/or from vegetable and seed oils, for example, tallow, hydrogenated tallow, whale oil, fish oil, grease, lard, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, cottonseed oil, babassu oil, soybean oil, castor oil, and mixtures thereof.
• natural fats and oils such as those from animal fats and greases and/or from vegetable and seed oils, for example, tallow, hydrogenated tallow, whale oil, fish oil, grease, lard, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, cottonseed oil, babassu oil, soybean oil, castor oil, and mixtures thereof.
• fatty acids can be synthetically prepared, for example, by the oxidation of petroleum, or by hydrogenation of carbon
• the fatty acids of particular use in the present invention are linear or branched and containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and most preferably from about 14 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• Preferred fatty acids for use in the present invention include coconut, tallow or hydrogenated tallow fatty acids, and most preferred is to use entirely coconut fatty acid.
• Preferred salts of the fatty acids are alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium or mixtures thereof and, as mentioned above, preferably the soaps generated in-situ by neutralization of the fatty acids with excess alkali from the silicate.
• fatty acids ammonium and alkanol ammonium salts of fatty acids, with the understanding that these soaps would necessarily be added to the compositions as the preformed ammonium or alkanol ammonium salts and not neutralized in-situ within the added alkaline builders of the present invention.
• the fatty acids that may be included in the present compositions will preferably be chosen to have desirable detergency and suds reducing effect.
• Fatty acid soaps may be incorporated in the compositions of the present invention at from about 1% to about 10%.
• compositions of the present invention may also include alkyl sulfate as the sole anionic surfactant component, or in combination with one of more other anionic surfactants mentioned above.
• Fatty alkyl sulfates have the general formula R--SO3M, where R preferably comprises a C7-C21 fatty alkyl chain, and where M is alkali metal or ammonium, alkyl ammonium or alkanol ammonium counterion.
• Preferred alkyl sulfates for use in the present invention are C8-C18 fatty alkyl sulfate. Most preferred is to incorporate sodium lauryl sulfate, such as Standapol.RTM. WAQ-LC marketed by Cognis, and to have from about 1% to about 10% by actives weight basis in the composition.
• the Nonionic Surfactant Component is the Nonionic Surfactant Component
• compositions of the present invention may also include at least one nonionic surfactant since these materials are particularly good at removing oily soils from fabrics and may be naturally derived and have good biodegradability.
• the liquid compositions herein may contain ethoxylated primary alcohols represented by the general formula R--(OCH2CH2)x--OH, where R is C10 to C18 carbon atoms preferably from natural, non-petroleum sources, and x is on average from 4 to 12 mol of ethylene oxide (EO).
• alcohol ethoxylates containing linear radicals from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g., from coconut, palm, tallow fatty or oleyl alcohol and on average from 4 to about 12 EO per mole of alcohol.
• Most useful as a nonionic surfactant in the present invention is the C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate-7EO, and the C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate-12EO incorporated in the composition at from about 1wt% to about 10wt%.
• Preferred nonionic surfactants for use in this invention include for example, Neodol.RTM. 45-7, Neodol.RTM. 25-9, or Neodol.RTM.
• Surfactant 25-12 from Shell Chemical Company and most preferred are Surfonic.RTM. L24-7, which is a C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate-7EO, and Surfonic.RTM. L24-12, which is a C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate-12EO, both available from Huntsman. Combinations of more than one alcohol ethoxylate surfactant may also be desired in the detergent composition in order to maximize cleaning performance in the washing machine.
• Nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention may also include the alkyl polyglycoside surfactants.
• the alkyl polyglycosides (APGs), also called alkyl polyglucosides if the saccharide moiety is glucose, are naturally derived, nonionic surfactants.
• the alkyl polyglycosides that may be used in the present invention are fatty ester derivatives of saccharides or polysaccharides that are formed when a carbohydrate is reacted under acidic condition with a fatty alcohol through condensation polymerization.
• the APGs are typically derived from corn-based carbohydrates and fatty alcohols from natural oils in animals, coconuts and palm kernels. Such methods for preparing APGs are well known in the art. For example, U.S.
• the alkyl polyglycosides that are preferred for use in the present invention contain a hydrophilic group derived from carbohydrates and is composed of one or more anhydroglucose units. Each of the glucose units can have two ether oxygen atoms and three hydroxyl groups, along with a terminal hydroxyl group, which together impart water solubility to the glycoside. The presence of the alkyl carbon chain leads to the hydrophobic tail to the molecule.
• alkyl polyglycoside molecules When carbohydrate molecules react with fatty alcohol compounds, alkyl polyglycoside molecules are formed having single or multiple anhydroglucose units, which are termed monoglycosides and polyglycosides, respectively.
• the final alkyl polyglycoside product typically has a distribution of varying concentration of glucose units (or degree of polymerization).
• the APGs that may be used in the detergent composition of the invention preferably comprise saccharide or polysaccharide groups (i.e., mono-, di-, tri-, etc. saccharides) of hexose or pentose, and a fatty aliphatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
• Preferred alkyl polyglycosides that can be used according to the present invention are represented by the general formula, Gx-O--R1, wherein G is a moiety derived from reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g., pentose or hexose; R1 is fatty alkyl group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms; and x is the degree of polymerization of the polyglycoside, representing the number of monosaccharide repeating units in the polyglycoside.
• x is an integer on the basis of individual molecules, but because there are statistical variations in the manufacturing process for APGs, x may be a noninteger on an average basis when referred to APG used as an ingredient for the detergent composition of the present invention.
• x preferably has a value of less than 2.5, and more preferably is between 1 and 2.
• Exemplary saccharides from which G can be derived are glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, altrose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose. Because of the ready availability of glucose, glucose is preferred in polyglycosides.
• the fatty alkyl group is preferably saturated, although unsaturated fatty chains may be used.
• the commercially available polyglycosides have C8 to C16 alkyl chains and an average degree of polymerization of from 1.4 to 1.6.
• alkyl polyglycoside can be obtained as concentrated aqueous solutions ranging from 50 to 70wt% actives and are available from Cognis. Most preferred for use in the present compositions are APGs with an average degree of polymerization of from 1.4 to 1.7 and the chain lengths of the aliphatic groups are between C8 and C16. For example, one preferred APG for use herein has chain length of C8 and C10 (ratio of 45:55) and a degree of polymerization of 1.7.
• the detergent compositions of the present invention have the advantage of having less adverse impact on the environment than conventional detergent compositions. Alkyl polyglycosides used in the present invention exhibit low oral and dermal toxicity and irritation on mammalian tissues.
• alkyl polyglycosides are also biodegradable in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions and they exhibit low toxicity to plants, thus improving the environmental compatibility of the rinse aid of the present invention. Because of the carbohydrate property and the excellent water solubility characteristics, alkyl polyglycosides are compatible in high caustic and builder formulations.
• the detergent compositions may include a sufficient amount of alkyl polyglycoside surfactant in an amount that provides a desired level of cleaning on fabrics, that being from about 0.01 % and about 10% by weight alkyl polyglycoside surfactant. Most preferred is to include an amount between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight actives.
• the liquid laundry detergents compositions of the present invention may include a "natural essence".
• natural essence is intended to include a broader class of natural products comprising natural oils extracted from plants and trees and their fruits, nuts and seeds, (for example by steam or liquid extraction of ground-up plant/tree material), natural products that may be purified by distillation, (i.e., purified single organic molecules or close boiling point "cuts" of organic materials such as terpenes and the like), and synthetic organic materials that are the synthetic versions of naturally occurring materials (e.g., either identical to the natural material, or the optical isomer, or the racemic mixture).
• D,L-limonene that is synthetically prepared and is a good and eco-friendly substitute for natural orange oil (mostly D-limonene) when crop yields are expensive due to citrus crop freezes.
• natural essence incorporates a wide range of pure organic materials either natural or synthetic versions thereof, mixtures of these previously purified individual materials or distillate cuts of materials, and complex natural mixtures directly extracted from plant/tree materials through infusion, steam extraction, etc.
• these natural essence ingredients may double as fragrance materials for the detergent composition, and in fact many natural extracts, oils, essences, infusions and such are very fragrant materials.
• these materials are used at higher levels than would be typical for fragrance purposes, and it should be also understood that depending on optical isomers used, there may be no smell or a reduced smell, or even a masking effect to the human sensory perception. Thus by judicious choice of natural essence mixtures, performance boosting may be effected without making the compositions overwhelmingly scented. Also, actual fragrance masking materials (such as used for household cleaners and available from the fragrance supply houses such as International Flavors & Fragrances, Symrise, Givaudan, Firmenich, and others) may be added to mask the smells of the natural essences.
• Some of the naturally derived essences for use in the present compositions include, but are not limited to, musk, civet, ambergis, castoreum and similar animal derived oils; abies oil, ajowan oil, almond oil, ambrette seed absolute, angelic root oil, anise oil, basil oil, bay oil, benzoin resinoid, bergamot oil, birch oil, bois de rose oil, broom abs., cajeput oil, cananga oil, capsicum oil, caraway oil, cardamon oil, carrot seed oil, cassia oil, cedar leaf oil, cedar wood oil, celery seed oil, cinnamon bark oil, citronella oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, cognac oil, coriander oil, cubeb oil, cumin oil, camphor oil, dill oil, elemi gum, estragon oil, eucalyptol nat., eucalyptus oil, fennel sweet oil, galbanum res
• Synthetic essences include but are not limited to pinene, limonene and like hydrocarbons; 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, menthol, borneol, bomeyl methoxy cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, anise alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, .beta.-phenyl ethyl alcohol, cis-3-hexenol, terpineol and like alcohols; anethole, musk xylol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol and like phenols; .alpha.-amylcinnamic aldehyde, anisaldehyde, n-butyl aldehyde, cumin aldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, decanal, isobutyl aldehyde
• Suitable essence mixtures may produce synergistic performance attributes for the detergent composition and may help to impart an overall fragrance perception as well to the composition including but not limited to, fruity, musk, floral, herbaceous (including mint), and woody, or perceptions that are in-between (fruity-floral for example).
• these essence or essential oil mixtures may be compounded by mixing a variety of these active extract or synthetic materials along with various solvents to adjust cost, viscosity, flammability, ease of handling, etc. Since many natural extract ingredients are compounded into fragrances, the essential oils, infusions, distillates, etc.
• the natural essences for use in the present invention are preferably incorporated at a level of from about 0.1wt% to about 5wt% as the 100wt% neat substance or mixture of substances. It is important to note that these levels tend to be greater than those levels used for scenting a product with a perfume.
• the liquid laundry detergent compositions of the present invention may also include at least one builder.
• Builders are well known in the laundry detergent art and include such species as hydroxides, carbonates, sesquicarbonates, bicarbonates, borates, citrates, silicates, zeolites, and such.
• Preferred builders for use in the present invention include but are not limited to sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), sodium sesquicarbonate (Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O), sodium silicate (SiO2/Na2O), sodium borate (Na2B4O7--(H2O)10 or "borax"), citric acid (C6H8O7), monosodium citrate (NaC6H7O7), disodium citrate (Na2C6H6O7), and trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7), and mixtures thereof.
• NaOH sodium hydroxide
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
• Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
• the composition comprises from 0wt% to 5wt% zeolite builder.
• the composition preferably comprises from 0wt% to 3wt%, or from 0wt% to 2wt%, or from 0wt% to 1wt% zeolite builder. It may even be preferred for the composition to be essentially free from zeolite builder. By essentially free from zeolite builder it is typically meant that the composition comprises no deliberately added zeolite builder. This is especially preferred if it is desirable for the composition to be very highly soluble, to minimise the amount of water-insoluble residues (for example, which may deposit on fabric surfaces), and also when it is highly desirable to have transparent wash liquor.
• Zeolite builders include zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite P and zeolite MAP.
• the composition comprises from 0wt% to 4wt% phosphate builder.
• the composition preferably comprises from 0wt% to 3wt%, or from 0wt% to 2wt%, or from 0wt% to 1wt% phosphate builder.. It may even be preferred for the composition to be essentially free from phosphate builder. By essentially free from phosphate builder it is typically meant that the composition comprises no deliberately added phosphate builder. This is especially preferred if it is desirable for the composition to have a very good environmental profile.
• Phosphate builders include sodium tripolyphosphate.
• the composition comprises from
• compositions of the present invention may also include at least one soil dispersing and/or anti-redeposition or water conditioning polymers such as sodium polyacrylate or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
• soil dispersing and/or anti-redeposition or water conditioning polymers such as sodium polyacrylate or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
• Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are derived from acrylic acid, and this polymer and the corresponding neutralized forms include and are commonly referred to as polyacrylic acid, 2-propenoic acid homopolymer or acrylic acid polymer, and sodium polyacrylate, 2-propenoic acid homopolymer sodium salt, acrylic acid polymer sodium salt, poly sodium acrylate, or polyacrylic acid sodium salt.
• compositions of the present invention is sodium polyacrylate with average molecular weight from about 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from about 4,000 to 7,000 and most preferably from about 4,000 to 5,000.
• Soluble polymers of this type are known materials, for example the sodium polyacrylates and polyacrylic acids from Rohm and Haas marketed under the trade name Acusol.RTM..
• Acusol.RTM. Of particular use in the present invention is the average 4500 molecular weight sodium polyacrylate, (for example, Acusol.RTM. 425, Acusol.RTM. 430, Acusol.RTM. 445 and Acusol.RTM.
• polyacrylates are "biodegradable", however, the cellulosic materials such as CMC may show a faster biodegradation profile and may be more preferred in keeping with the spirit of the eco-friendly character of the present invention.
• the detergent compositions of the present invention may also include one or more electrolytes.
• preferred electrolytes include but are not limited to sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, and borax (sodium tetraborate-decahydrate), and combinations thereof. Of course, some of these have dual purposes such as alkalinity builders or enzyme stabilizers.
• compositions of the present invention may optionally include one or more detersive enzymes, either singly or in any combination of two or more. Enzymes may be included in the present detergent compositions for a variety of purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains from substrates.
• suitable enzymes include cellulases, hemicellulases, proteases, gluco-amylases, amylases, lipases, cutinases, pectinases, xylanases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, chondriotinases, thermitases, pentosanases, malanases, .beta.-glucanases, arabinosidases or mixtures thereof of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin.
• Preferred enzymes for use in the present invention are dictated by factors such as formula pH, thermostability, and stability to surfactants, builders and the like.
• bacterial or fungal enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases.
• a preferred combination is a detergent composition having a mixture of conventional detergent enzymes like protease, amylase, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase. Suitable enzymes are also described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
• compositions herein will typically comprise from 0.001% to 5%, preferably 0.001%-1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation.
• Protease enzymes are usually present in such commercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of composition.
• AU Anson units
• proteases can be of animal, vegetable or microorganism (preferred) origin.
• the proteases for use in the detergent compositions herein include (but are not limited to) trypsin, subtilisin, chymotrypsin and elastase-type proteases.
• Preferred for use herein are subtilisin-type proteolytic enzymes.
• Particularly preferred is bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme obtained from Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus licheniformis.
• Suitable proteolytic enzymes include Novo Industri A/S Alcalase.RTM. (preferred), Esperase.RTM., Savinase.RTM.
• proteolytic enzymes are also modified bacterial serine proteases, such as those made by Genencor International, Inc. (San Francisco, Calif.), which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,972,682 , 5,763,257 and 6,465,235 and which are also called herein "Protease B".
• proteolytic enzyme a modified bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme (Genencor International), which is called "Protease A” herein (same as BPN').
• Protease A modified bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme
• BPN' modified bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme
• Other proteases are sold under the tradenames: Primase.RTM., Durazym.RTM., Opticlean.RTM. and Optimase.RTM..
• Preferred proteolytic enzymes are selected from the group consisting of Alcalase.RTM.
• the enzyme stabilization system selected from the group consisting of: formate salt selected from calcium formate and/or sodium formate; polyol selected from propane 1,2 diol, glycerol and/or sorbitol; and any combination thereof.
• formate salt selected from calcium formate and/or sodium formate
• polyol selected from propane 1,2 diol, glycerol and/or sorbitol
• any combination thereof Preferred are calcium formate and/or propane 1,2 diol.
• the composition comprises from 0.01wt% to 0.5wt% calcium cation, preferably from 0.03wt% to 0.5wt% calcium cation.
• the composition comprises from 0.1wt% to 5wt% formate anion, preferably from 0.3wt% to 2wt% formate anion.
• the composition comprises propane 1,2 diol, preferably from 0.5wt% to 20wt%, or from 1wt% to 3wt% propane 1,2 diol.
• the composition comprises calcium formate.
• This preferred enzyme stabilization system enables good enzyme stability, and allows good surfactant stability.
• these preferred enzyme stabilization systems also enable the removal of boron from the compositions.
• Optional ingredients for use in the present detergent compositions may also include peroxide and active oxygen (“peroxygen”) organic and inorganic compounds for non-chlorine bleaching of bleachable stains.
• peroxide and active oxygen include, but are not limited to hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate, or mixtures thereof.
• Additional optional materials for use in the present detergents may include chelants such as tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate-EDTA, Trilon.RTM. chelants from BASF, phosphates, zeolite, nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and it's corresponding salts, optical brighteners, dye fixatives or transfer inhibitors, perfumes, additional fragrance and fragrance masking agents to coordinate with the natural essences, odor neutralizers, dyes, pigments and colorants, solvents, cationic surfactants, other softening or antistatic agents, thickeners, emulsifiers, bleach catalysts, enzyme stabilizers, clays, surface modifying polymers, pH-buffering agents, abrasives, preservatives and sanitizers or disinfectants, anti-redeposition agents, opacifiers, anti-foaming agents, cyclodextrin, rheology-control agents, vitamins and other skin benefit agents, nano-
• Example Number 1 Ingredient Weight Percentage % % Lauryl ether sulphate 12 11 Palm AE3 sulphate 9 8.5 Palm alkyl 7-ethoxylate 8 7.5 Natural essences 2 2 Palm Fatty acid 10 9.5 Citric acid 3 3 Coupling polymer: Ethoxysulfated Hexamethylene Diamine Dimethyl Quat * 2.2 2.2 Non-coupling cleaning polymer: PEG-PVAc Polymer 3 0.9 0.8 Chelant: Hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid 0 1.6 Fluorescent Whitening Agent 49 0.2 0.2 Non-aminofunctional solvent: 1,2 Propanediol 8.5 6.0 Non-aminofunctional solvent: Diethylene Glycol - 4.0 Calcium formate 0.1 0.1 Calcium chloride 0.06 0.06 Potassium bisulfite 0.3 - Perfume 1.7 1.7 Protease enzyme FNA (40.6 mg/g) 1.5 1.5 Amylase enzyme Termamyl Ultra (25.1 mg /g) 0.1 0.1 Mannanase enzyme (25 mg

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• 2009
  • 2009-11-12 EP EP09175859A patent/EP2322593A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-11-10 WO PCT/US2010/056168 patent/WO2011060028A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-11-10 CA CA2778255A patent/CA2778255A1/fr not_active Abandoned

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