EP2305530B1 - Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing - Google Patents
Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2305530B1 EP2305530B1 EP09012495.9A EP09012495A EP2305530B1 EP 2305530 B1 EP2305530 B1 EP 2305530B1 EP 09012495 A EP09012495 A EP 09012495A EP 2305530 B1 EP2305530 B1 EP 2305530B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- vehicle
- fresh water
- water tank
- compressed air
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D35/00—Sanitation
Definitions
- Rail vehicles used for passenger transport have a fresh water system. This will, for example, provide a hand basin and a toilet. Of course, other consumers can be connected to this fresh water system.
- An alternative option for emptying the fresh water system of a rail vehicle is that the train personnel actuates a corresponding switch if necessary, thereby emptying the fresh water system and protected against frost damage.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for protecting the fresh water system against frost damage that offers increased protection against frost damage even under the most adverse circumstances. At the same time, the functionality of the consumers connected to the fresh water system should be maintained as far as possible even after such emptying.
- the limit temperature T limit is usually influenced by where an actual temperature suitable for monitoring the fresh water system is detected.
- an actual temperature suitable for monitoring the fresh water system is detected.
- the ambient temperature or a temperature inside the rail vehicle can be used as the actual temperature.
- the at least one fresh water tank is emptied when the voltage drops below a predetermined limit.
- a predetermined limit it is not always necessary.
- the heat capacity of the remaining amount of water is much lower, so that the risk of freezing is greater.
- this also means that sufficient air volume is present in the fresh water tank, so that, assuming a suitable configuration of the tank, the freezing of the fresh water does not lead to the bursting of the fresh water tank, but the volume increase of the frozen fresh water can be compensated within the fresh water tank.
- An alternative criterion for emptying the fresh water tank may be the duration of the time interval ⁇ T within which the voltage is below the predetermined first limit value. This becomes the specific one Heat capacity of existing water in the fresh water tank accounted for.
- This embodiment of the method according to the invention can still be carried out even if only electrical energy and no compressed air is available.
- a pressure in a compressed air network of the vehicle is monitored and that the water pipes and water tank are emptied when the pressure P below a predetermined second Limit value drops, with the fresh water tank (s) remaining closed.
- the fact is taken into account that for emptying the water pipes and the water tank usually compressed air is required.
- about 150 liters of compressed air at an outlet pressure of 8 to 10 bar is required to empty all pipes and containers in a rail vehicle. The inventive method is thus ensured that all containers and lines are emptied as long as sufficient compressed air is present.
- the fresh water tank does not need to be emptied. This takes into account the fact that the fresh water tank ultimately empties itself only by the gravity of the water in it, so that no auxiliary energy in the form of compressed air is required. It is only necessary for emptying the fresh water tank to open a valve at the outlet of the fresh water tank and this valve is advantageously electrically operated.
- the emptying of the water pipes and water tank provides that a drain of the gray water tank is opened, a drain of the black water tank of the toilet is opened, that the flushing of the toilets is actuated at least once, and that the existing water pipes and existing containers, unless they run empty by the gravity of the water in it, are blown out with compressed air.
- the inventive method ensures the already known from the prior art systems pre-occupied security against frost damage and adds to the monitoring of the electrical system voltage and the pressure level in the accumulator or in the compressed air supply of the rail vehicle, so that additional security against frost damage can be guaranteed ,
- the object of the invention is also achieved by a control device for monitoring the water of the fresh water system and / or the service water system of a Rail vehicle, wherein the control unit according to the invention operates according to one of the preceding methods.
- the switchable directional valves are designed as ventilated directional control valves, then the shut-off line is vented after shutting off the one-way valves or valves. These vented pipe sections can no longer freeze and are thus effectively protected against frost damage. As a rule, you will interpret these valves so that they are normally closed.
- FIG. 1 are the fresh water supply, and parts of the electrical system and a compressed air system greatly simplified and partially shown as a block diagram.
- various consumers such as a faucet 3, a toilet flushing 5 and a water heater 7 are supplied with water by means of water pipes 9 from the fresh water tank 1 if necessary.
- a sink 11 and a gray water tank 13 are strong shown in simplified form.
- the sink 11 and the greywater tank 13 are connected to each other via a drain line 15.
- a black water tank 17 is present, which has the same as the gray water tank 13 via a drain 19. Both processes 15 and 19 open into a wastewater tank, not shown.
- the fresh water tank 1 has a flow 19, which can be opened or closed via a first directional control valve 21. In the normal case, this first directional control valve 21 is closed.
- a second directional control valve 23 is provided immediately after leaving the fresh water tank 1.
- this second directional valve 23 it is possible to close the fresh water tank 1 when the downstream lines 9 and consumers, in particular the water heater 7, the faucet 3 and the toilet flushing 5 are to be emptied in accordance with the invention.
- the second directional control valve 23 is designed as a ventilated directional control valve and is normally closed.
- the second directional control valve 23 is closed simultaneously with the emptying of the containers 7, 13, 5, so that the flow of the fresh water tank 1 is closed and the supply lines 9 are ventilated.
- the second directional control valve 23 therefore also allows the ventilation of the supply or water line 9 in the closed position.
- the directional control valves 21 and 23 are formed in the illustrated embodiment as electrically operated 2/2-way valves.
- an emptying valve is provided between the water heater 7 and the faucet 3.
- a pneumatically actuated third directional control valve 25 is provided at the outlet 19 of the water heater 7.
- the three-way valves 21, 23 and 25 are connected via electrical or pneumatic signal lines 27, 35 with a control unit AFD.
- the electrical signal lines are in FIG. 1 provided with the reference numeral 27.
- the pneumatic lines which connect, for example, the pressure accumulator 35 with the pressure switch PS are provided with the reference numeral 37.
- the controller AFD is connected to a thermostat 29 and a switch 31 via signal lines (no reference numeral). Furthermore, the control unit AFD is connected to a minimum voltage relay MVR which monitors the electrical voltage of a battery 33 of, for example, 110 volts.
- the minimum voltage relay MVR detects a voltage which is either below a first limit value U limit, 1 of, for example, 99 volts, then the minimum voltage relay MVR transmits a corresponding signal to the control unit AFD and as a result the water lines 9 and the consumers 7, 3 and 5 deflated.
- the minimum voltage relay MVR outputs second and other signals to the control unit AFD when the voltage is lower than a second limit value U limit, 2 or the voltage for a time interval ⁇ T is longer than a predetermined time interval ⁇ T below the first limit value U limit , 1 .
- this second signal is applied to the control unit AFD, the first directional control valve 21 is additionally opened and the fresh water tank 1 is emptied.
- the emptying of the fresh water tank represents one for the Passengers noticeable intervention in the function of the rail vehicle, since then all water consumers are so long without function until the fresh water tank 1 was replenished. Therefore, the fresh water tank 1 is emptied only when it is unavoidable.
- the fresh water tank 1 is only partially filled, then the heat capacity of the existing water in the fresh water tank 1 is significantly reduced. However, then there is an air cushion in the fresh water tank 1, which can absorb the expansion of the water during freezing accordingly. This is possible in particular without damage to the fresh water tank 1 if the walls of the fresh water tank are widened in the shape of a truncated cone, for example, so that the resulting ice can slide upwards and cause no damage to the fresh water tank.
- the pressure in a compressed air reservoir 35 is monitored by a pressure switch PS. As soon as the pressure in the compressed air reservoir 35 drops below a third limit P réelle, 3 , the pressure switch PS sends a corresponding signal to the control unit AFD and as a result the lines 9 and the consumers 7, 3 and 5 are emptied.
- the controller AFD also has an input of a pneumatic pressure line 37 and an outlet connected to the toilet flush 5 and to the greywater tank 13.
- a pneumatic pressure line 37 is connected to the toilet flush 5 and to the greywater tank 13.
- the toilet flushing 5 which is usually operated with compressed air
- the compressed air line 37 ensures that if necessary, an overpressure in the greywater tank 13 is formed so that the water in the greywater tank 13 via the outlet 19 in the waste water tank (not shown) can drain and thereby the gray water tank 13 is emptied.
- the water heater 7 is emptied by opening the third directional control valve 25. It is recommended in terms of minimizing the compressed air requirement to first close the second directional control valve 23 and then open the third directional control valve 25, so that the water heater 7 runs empty.
- the toilet flushing 5 is actuated by the control unit AFD at least once and the gray water tank 13 is emptied in the manner described above.
- FIG. 2 a flowchart of the method according to the invention is shown.
- the method according to the invention begins in a starting block.
- a first functional block 51 the current voltage U of the electrical system or a battery and the pressure P in the pressure accumulator 35 are detected.
- a first query block 53 it is queried whether the current pressure P is smaller than a limit value P réelle, 3 . If this is the case, then in a second functional block 55, the valve 23 is closed and the valve 25 is opened and the toilet flushing 5 is activated. This is indicated by appropriately marked arrows that depart from the second functional block 55.
- valves 21, 23 and 25 and the toilet flushing 5 as already in connection with the FIG. 1 explained, offset in time, so that first the third directional valve 25 is opened, so that the water heater 9 can run empty and only then the toilet flushing 5 is actuated and ventilated with compressed air of greywater tank 13. The valve 21 remains closed. Then the program branches back to the beginning.
- a second comparator 57 is queried whether the on-board voltage U is smaller than a first limit value U limit, 1 . If this is not the case, then the process branches back to the start.
- the program branches to a third function block 59. There, similar to the second function block 55, the valves 23 and 25 and Toilet flushing 5 controlled.
- a third comparator 61 it is checked whether the voltage U is smaller than a second limit value U limit, 2 , or the voltage is longer than a predetermined time interval ⁇ T is less than the first limit U limit, 1 . If this query is answered with no, the program branches back to the beginning. Otherwise, the first directional control valve 21 is additionally opened in a fourth function block 63.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
Description
Bei Schienenfahrzeugen, die zur Personenbeförderung eingesetzt werden, ist ein Frischwassersystem vorhanden. Damit werden zum Beispiel ein Handwaschbecken und eine Toilette versorgt. Selbstverständlich können auch noch andere Verbraucher an dieses Frischwassersystem angeschlossen werden.Rail vehicles used for passenger transport have a fresh water system. This will, for example, provide a hand basin and a toilet. Of course, other consumers can be connected to this fresh water system.
Um Frostschäden zu vermeiden ist es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, siehe zum Beispiel
Eine alternative Möglichkeit zur Entleerung des Frischwassersystems eines Schienenfahrzeugs besteht darin, dass das Zugpersonal im Bedarfsfall einen entsprechenden Schalter betätigt und dadurch das Frischwassersystem entleert und vor Frostschäden geschützt wird.An alternative option for emptying the fresh water system of a rail vehicle is that the train personnel actuates a corresponding switch if necessary, thereby emptying the fresh water system and protected against frost damage.
Beiden Alternativen ist gemeinsam, dass sie nur dann durchführbar sind, wenn ausreichend elektrische und/oder pneumatische Hilfsenergie zur Verfügung steht. Außerdem wird bei jeder Entleerung auch der Frischwassertank entleert, so dass anschließend kein Frischwasser mehr zur Verfügung steht.Both alternatives have in common that they can only be carried out if sufficient electrical and / or pneumatic auxiliary energy is available. In addition, every time the tank is emptied, the fresh water tank is emptied so that no fresh water is available afterwards.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz des Frischwassersystems vor Frostschäden bereitzustellen, das auch unter ungünstigsten Umständen eine erhöhte Sicherheit gegen Frostschäden bietet. Gleichzeitig soll die Funktionsfähigkeit der an das Frischwassersystem angeschlossenen Verbraucher auch nach einer solchen Entleerung nach Möglichkeit aufrecht erhalten werden.The invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for protecting the fresh water system against frost damage that offers increased protection against frost damage even under the most adverse circumstances. At the same time, the functionality of the consumers connected to the fresh water system should be maintained as far as possible even after such emptying.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das in dem Anspruch 1 beschriebene Verfahren gelöst.This object is achieved by the method described in the
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Überwachung der Spannung in dem elektrischen Bordnetz kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Entleerung der Wasserleitungen und der Wasserbehälter rechtzeitig erfolgt, das heißt, wenn noch ausreichend elektrische Energie vorhanden ist, um das Frischwassersystem beziehungsweise die Wasserleitungen und Wasserbehälter des Fahrzeugs zu entleeren. Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens wird nämlich, beispielsweise zum Betätigen eines oder mehrere Wegeventile und/oder Pumpen in dem Leitungssystem des Schienenfahrzeugs, elektrische Energie benötigt.By monitoring the voltage in the electrical system according to the invention can be ensured that the emptying of the water pipes and the water tank is timely, that is, if there is enough electrical energy to empty the fresh water system or the water pipes and water tank of the vehicle. For carrying out the method, electrical energy is required, for example for actuating one or more directional control valves and / or pumps in the line system of the rail vehicle.
Da es ohne ausreichende elektrische Energie nicht möglich ist, die Wasserleitungen und Wasserbehälter eines Fahrzeugs zu entleeren, wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Überwachung der Spannung im elektrischen Netz eine deutlich erhöhte Sicherheit der Wasserleitungen und mit Wasser gefüllten Behälter gegen Frostschäden erreicht.Since it is not possible without adequate electrical energy to empty the water pipes and water tank of a vehicle, a significantly increased security of the water pipes and water-filled container is achieved against frost damage by monitoring the voltage in the electrical network.
Dabei wird im Allgemeinen vorausgesetzt, dass eine Druckluftversorgung vorhanden ist, so dass die von Frost besonders bedrohten Teile des Systems ausgeblasen und dadurch entleert werden können. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, das Frischwassersystem so auszulegen, dass das Verfahren ohne Druckluft durchführbar ist.It is generally assumed that a compressed air supply is available, so that the particularly threatened by frost parts of the system can be blown out and thereby emptied. However, it is also possible to design the fresh water system so that the method can be carried out without compressed air.
Die Grenztemperatur TGrenz wird in aller Regel davon beeinflusst, wo eine für die Überwachung des Frischwassersystems geeignete Ist-Temperatur erfasst wird. Als Ist-Temperatur kann zum Beispiel die Umgebungstemperatur oder eine Temperatur im Inneren des Schienenfahrzeugs verwendet werden.The limit temperature T limit is usually influenced by where an actual temperature suitable for monitoring the fresh water system is detected. For example, the ambient temperature or a temperature inside the rail vehicle can be used as the actual temperature.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der mindestens eine Frischwassertank geleert wird, wenn die Spannung unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert sinkt. Dies ist jedoch nicht immer notwendig. In vielen Fällen ist es ausreichend, wenn nur die Leitungen und die nachgeordneten Wasserbehälter, wie zum Beispiel ein Grauwasserbehälter, und die Toiletten entleert werden und der Frischwassertank gefüllt bleibt. Dies ist deswegen möglich, weil der Frischwassertank, wenn er vollständig mit Wasser gefüllt ist, eine sehr große Wärmekapazität aufweist, so der Frischwassertank erst nach einer langen Zeit einzufrieren beginnt. Im Vergleich zu dem Frischwassertank haben die Leitungen eine sehr viel kleinere Wärmekapazität und frieren daher sehr viel schneller ein.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one fresh water tank is emptied when the voltage drops below a predetermined limit. However, this is not always necessary. In many cases, it is sufficient if only the wires and the downstream water tanks, such as a gray water tank, and the toilets are emptied and the fresh water tank remains filled. This is possible because the fresh water tank, when completely filled with water, has a very high heat capacity, so the fresh water tank does not start to freeze until after a long time. Compared to the fresh water tank, the pipes have a much smaller heat capacity and thus freeze much faster.
Daher ist es effizient und zielführend, in einem ersten Schritt die kleineren Volumina, wie sie beispielsweise in den Frischwasserleitungen, aber auch in nachgeordneten Behältern, wie zum Beispiel einem Warmwasserspeicher zu entleeren, um Frostschäden zu vermeiden. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser gestaffelten Vorgehensweise ist darin zu sehen, dass sobald die Spannung im Bordnetz wieder den vorgegebenen ersten Grenzwert übersteigt, die Frischwasserversorgung nach wie vor gewährleistet ist, da der Frischwassertank noch gefüllt ist.It is therefore efficient and expedient, in a first step, to empty the smaller volumes, such as, for example, in the fresh water lines, but also in downstream containers, such as, for example, a hot water storage tank, in order to avoid frost damage. Another advantage of this staggered approach is the fact that as soon as the voltage in the electrical system exceeds the predetermined first limit again, the fresh water supply is still guaranteed because the fresh water tank is still filled.
Wenn der Frischwassertank zum großen Teil entleert ist, dann ist naturgemäß auch die Wärmekapazität der verbliebenen Wassermenge deutlich geringer, so dass die Gefahr des Einfrierens größer ist. Allerdings bedeutet dies auch, dass genügend Luftvolumen in dem Frischwassertank vorhanden ist, so dass, eine geeignete Ausgestaltung des Tanks vorausgesetzt, das Einfrieren des Frischwassers nicht zum Platzen des Frischwassertanks führt, sondern die Volumenzunahme des gefrorenen Frischwassers innerhalb des Frischwassertanks kompensiert werden kann.If the fresh water tank is emptied for the most part, then of course, the heat capacity of the remaining amount of water is much lower, so that the risk of freezing is greater. However, this also means that sufficient air volume is present in the fresh water tank, so that, assuming a suitable configuration of the tank, the freezing of the fresh water does not lead to the bursting of the fresh water tank, but the volume increase of the frozen fresh water can be compensated within the fresh water tank.
Ein alternatives Kriterium für das Entleeren des Frischwassertanks kann die Dauer des Zeitintervalls ΔT innerhalb dessen die Spannung unter dem vorgegebenen ersten Grenzwert liegt, sein. Damit wird der spezifischen Wärmekapazität des im Frischwassertank vorhandenen Wassers Rechnung getragen.An alternative criterion for emptying the fresh water tank may be the duration of the time interval Δ T within which the voltage is below the predetermined first limit value. This becomes the specific one Heat capacity of existing water in the fresh water tank accounted for.
Diese Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lässt sich auch dann noch durchführen, wenn nur noch elektrische Energie und keine Druckluft mehr zur Verfügung steht.This embodiment of the method according to the invention can still be carried out even if only electrical energy and no compressed air is available.
Bei einem alternativen Verfahren zum Schutz der Wasserleitungen und Wasserbehälter eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Schienenfahrzeugs vor Frostschäden, ist vorgesehen, dass ein Druck in einem Druckluftnetz des Fahrzeugs überwacht wird und, dass die Wasserleitungen und Wasserbehälter entleert werden, wenn der Druck P unter einen vorgegebenen zweiten Grenzwert sinkt, wobei der oder die Frischwassertanks verschlossen bleiben. Dadurch wird dem Umstand Rechnung getragen, dass zum Entleeren der Wasserleitungen und der Wasserbehälter in aller Regel Druckluft erforderlich ist. Typischerweise sind etwa 150 Liter Druckluft bei einem Ausgangsdruck von 8 bis 10 bar erforderlich, um in einem Schienenfahrzeug alle Leitungen und Behälter zu entleeren. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist somit gewährleistet, dass alle Behälter und Leitungen entleert werden, solange ausreichend Druckluft vorhanden ist.In an alternative method for protecting the water pipes and water tanks of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle against frost damage, it is provided that a pressure in a compressed air network of the vehicle is monitored and that the water pipes and water tank are emptied when the pressure P below a predetermined second Limit value drops, with the fresh water tank (s) remaining closed. As a result, the fact is taken into account that for emptying the water pipes and the water tank usually compressed air is required. Typically, about 150 liters of compressed air at an outlet pressure of 8 to 10 bar is required to empty all pipes and containers in a rail vehicle. The inventive method is thus ensured that all containers and lines are emptied as long as sufficient compressed air is present.
Auch in diesem Fall muss der Frischwassertank noch nicht entleert werden. Damit wird dem Umstand Rechnung getragen, dass der Frischwassertank letztendlich nur durch die Schwerkraft des in ihm befindlichen Wassers sich selbst entleert, so dass keine Hilfsenergie in Form von Druckluft erforderlich ist. Es ist lediglich zur Entleerung des Frischwassertanks erforderlich, ein Ventil am Ausgang des Frischwassertanks zu öffnen und dieses Ventil wird vorteilhafter Weise elektrisch betätigt.Also in this case, the fresh water tank does not need to be emptied. This takes into account the fact that the fresh water tank ultimately empties itself only by the gravity of the water in it, so that no auxiliary energy in the form of compressed air is required. It is only necessary for emptying the fresh water tank to open a valve at the outlet of the fresh water tank and this valve is advantageously electrically operated.
Daher ist durch die erfindungsgemäße Trennung der Verfahrensabläufe in Abhängigkeit davon, ob die elektrische Spannung im Bordnetz oder der Druck im Druckluftnetz des Schienenfahrzeugs zu niedrig sind, möglich, einerseits eine maximale Sicherheit gegen Frostschäden zu gewährleisten und andererseits die Funktionsfähigkeit der Wasserverbraucher so lange wie möglich aufrecht zu erhalten, indem der Frischwassertank nur im äußersten Notfall entleert wird.Therefore, by the inventive separation of the procedures depending on whether the electrical voltage in the electrical system or the pressure in the compressed air network of the rail vehicle are too low, possible on the one hand to ensure maximum protection against frost damage and on the other hand, the functioning of the water consumer as long as possible To obtain by the fresh water tank is emptied only in extreme emergency.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht das Entleeren der Wasserleitungen und Wasserbehälter vor, dass ein Ablauf des oder der Grauwasserbehälter geöffnet wird, ein Ablauf des Schwarzwasserbehälters der Toilette geöffnet wird, dass die Spülung der Toiletten mindestens einmal betätigt wird, und dass die vorhandenen Wasserleitungen und die vorhandenen Behälter, sofern sie nicht von alleine durch die Schwerkraft des in ihm befindlichen Wassers leer laufen, mit Druckluft ausgeblasen werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the emptying of the water pipes and water tank provides that a drain of the gray water tank is opened, a drain of the black water tank of the toilet is opened, that the flushing of the toilets is actuated at least once, and that the existing water pipes and existing containers, unless they run empty by the gravity of the water in it, are blown out with compressed air.
Zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, die Wasserleitungen und/oder die Wasserbehälter zu entleeren, wenn im Inneren des Fahrzeugs eine Temperatur von weniger als 5°C herrscht oder wenn ein entsprechender Schalter oder Taster von dem Begleitpersonal des Schienenfahrzeugs betätigt wird. Somit gewährleistet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die schon aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Systemen vorgewohnte Sicherheit gegen Frostschäden und ergänzt diese um die Überwachung der elektrischen Bordspannung und des Druckniveaus in dem Druckspeicher beziehungsweise in der Druckluftversorgung des Schienenfahrzeugs, so dass eine zusätzliche Sicherheit gegen Frostschäden gewährleistet werden kann.In addition, it may be provided to empty the water pipes and / or the water tank when there is a temperature of less than 5 ° C inside the vehicle or when a corresponding switch or button is operated by the accompanying personnel of the rail vehicle. Thus, the inventive method ensures the already known from the prior art systems pre-occupied security against frost damage and adds to the monitoring of the electrical system voltage and the pressure level in the accumulator or in the compressed air supply of the rail vehicle, so that additional security against frost damage can be guaranteed ,
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird ebenfalls gelöst durch ein Steuergerät zur Überwachung des Wassers des Frischwassersystems und/oder des Brauchwassersystems eines Schienenfahrzeugs, wobei das erfindungsgemäße Steuergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Verfahren arbeitet.The object of the invention is also achieved by a control device for monitoring the water of the fresh water system and / or the service water system of a Rail vehicle, wherein the control unit according to the invention operates according to one of the preceding methods.
Wenn die schaltbaren Wegeventile als belüftbare Wegeventile ausgebildet sind, dann wird nach dem Absperren des oder der Wegeventile die abgesperrte Leitung belüftet. Diese belüfteten Leitungsabschnitte können nicht mehr Einfrieren und sind dadurch wirksam vor Frostschäden geschützt. In aller Regel wird man diese Wegeventile so auslegen, dass sie stromlos geschlossen sind.If the switchable directional valves are designed as ventilated directional control valves, then the shut-off line is vented after shutting off the one-way valves or valves. These vented pipe sections can no longer freeze and are thus effectively protected against frost damage. As a rule, you will interpret these valves so that they are normally closed.
Es zeigen:
Figur 1- das erfindungsgemäße Frischwasser- und Brauchwassersystem eines Schienenfahrzeugs und
- Figur 2
- wird ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- FIG. 1
- the inventive fresh water and service water system of a rail vehicle and
- FIG. 2
- is a flowchart of a method according to the invention.
In
Unterhalb der als Blackbox dargestellten Toilettenspülung 5 ist ein Schwarzwasserbehälter 17 vorhanden, der ebenso wie der Grauwasserbehälter 13 über einen Ablauf 19 verfügt. Beide Abläufe 15 und 19 münden in einen nicht dargestellten Abwassertank.Below the
Auch der Frischwassertank 1 verfügt über einen Ablauf 19, der über ein erstes Wegeventil 21 geöffnet beziehungsweise geschlossen werden kann. Im Normalfall ist dieses erste Wegeventil 21 geschlossen.Also, the
In der Wasserleitung 9 ist unmittelbar nach dem Austritt aus dem Frischwassertank 1 ein zweites Wegeventil 23 vorgesehen. Mit diesem zweiten Wegeventil 23 ist es möglich, den Frischwassertank 1 zu verschließen, wenn die stromabwärts gelegenen Leitungen 9 und Verbraucher, insbesondere der Warmwasserbereiter 7, der Wasserhahn 3 sowie die Toilettenspülung 5 in erfindungsgemäßer Weise entleert werden sollen. Dazu ist es vorteilhaft, wenn insbesondere das zweite Wegeventil 23 als belüftbares Wegeventil ausgebildet ist und stromlos geschlossen ist.In the
Das zweite Wegeventil 23 wird zeitgleich mit der Entleerung der Behälter 7, 13, 5 geschlossen, so dass der Ablauf des Frischwassertanks 1 verschlossen und die Versorgungsleitungen 9 belüftet werden. Das zweite Wegeventil 23 ermöglicht demzufolge in der Schließ-Stellung noch die Belüftung der Versorgungs- oder Wasserleitung 9.The second
Die Wegeventile 21 und 23 sind im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als elektrisch betätigte 2/2-Wegeventile ausgebildet. In der Wasserleitung 9 ist zwischen dem Warmwasserbereiter 7 und dem Wasserhahn 3 ein Entleerventil vorgesehen.The
Am Ablauf 19 des Warmwasserbereiters 7 ist ein pneumatisch betätigtes drittes Wegeventil 25 vorgesehen. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, das dritte Wegeventil 25 elektrisch zu betätigen.At the
Die drei Wegeventile 21, 23 und 25 sind über elektrische beziehungsweise pneumatische Signalleitungen 27, 35 mit einem Steuergerät AFD verbunden. Die elektrischen Signalleitungen sind in
Das Steuergerät AFD ist mit einem Thermostat 29 sowie einem Schalter 31 über Signalleitungen (ohne Bezugszeichen) verbunden. Des Weiteren ist das Steuergerät AFD mit einem Minimalspannungsrelais MVR verbunden, welches die elektrische Spannung einer Batterie 33 von beispielsweise 110 Volt überwacht.The controller AFD is connected to a
Wenn das Minimalspannungsrelais MVR eine Spannung detektiert, die entweder unterhalb eines ersten Grenzwerts UGrenz,1 von beispielsweise 99 Volt, liegt, dann übermittelt das Minimalspannungsrelais MVR ein entsprechendes Signal an das Steuergerät AFD und infolge dessen werden die Wasserleitungen 9, sowie die Verbraucher 7, 3 und 5 entleert.If the minimum voltage relay MVR detects a voltage which is either below a first limit value U limit, 1 of, for example, 99 volts, then the minimum voltage relay MVR transmits a corresponding signal to the control unit AFD and as a result the
Das Minimalspannungsrelais MVR gibt zweites und anderes Signal an das Steuergerät AFD ab, wenn die Spannung niedriger als ein zweiter Grenzwert UGrenz,2 ist oder die Spannung für einen Zeitintervall ΔT länger als ein vorgegebenes Zeitintervall ΔT unterhalb der ersten Grenzspanne UGrenz,1 liegt. Wenn dieses zweite Signal am Steuergerät AFD anliegt, wird zusätzlich auch das erste Wegeventil 21 geöffnet und der Frischwassertank 1 entleert. Das Entleeren des Frischwassertanks stellt einen für die Passagiere spürbaren Eingriff in die Funktion des Schienenfahrzeugs dar, da anschließend alle Wasserverbraucher so lange funktionslos sind, bis der Frischwassertank 1 wieder aufgefüllt wurde. Daher wird der Frischwassertank 1 nur entleert, wenn es unvermeidbar ist.The minimum voltage relay MVR outputs second and other signals to the control unit AFD when the voltage is lower than a second limit value U limit, 2 or the voltage for a time interval ΔT is longer than a predetermined time interval ΔT below the first limit value U limit , 1 . When this second signal is applied to the control unit AFD, the first
In vielen Situationen ist es völlig ausreichend, nur die Verbraucher 3, 5 und 7 sowie die Wasserleitungen 9 zu entleeren und den Frischwassertank 1 gefüllt zu lassen. Die Gründe hierfür sind wie folgt:
Wenn der Frischwassertank 1 mit Wasser gefüllt ist, hat er eine sehr große Wärmekapazität und es dauert entsprechend lang bisdas im Frischwassertank 1 vorhandenen Wasser einfriert.Die Wasserleitungen 9 fangen sehr viel früher an einzufrieren.
- When the
fresh water tank 1 is filled with water, it has a very large heat capacity and it takes a correspondingly long time until the water present in thefresh water tank 1 freezes. Thewater pipes 9 start to freeze much earlier.
Wenn der Frischwassertank 1 nur teilweise gefüllt ist, dann ist zwar die Wärmekapazität des im Frischwassertank 1 vorhandenen Wassers deutlich reduziert. Allerdings ist dann ein Luftpolster in dem Frischwassertank 1 vorhanden, welches die Ausdehnung des Wassers beim Einfrieren entsprechend auffangen kann. Dies ist insbesondere dann ohne Schäden an dem Frischwassertank 1 möglich, wenn die Wände des Frischwassertanks zum Beispiel nach oben hin kegelstumpfförmig erweitert sind, so dass das entstehende Eis nach oben rutschen kann und keine Schäden an dem Frischwassertank verursacht.If the
In ähnlicher Weise wie das Minimalspannungsrelais MVR die elektrische Netzspannung überwacht, wird durch einen Druckschalter PS der Druck in einem Druckluftspeicher 35 überwacht. Sobald der Druck im Druckluftspeicher 35 unter einen dritten Grenzwerts PGrenz,3 sinkt, gibt der Druckschalter PS ein entsprechendes Signal an das Steuergerät AFD ab und infolge dessen werden die Leitungen 9 und die Verbraucher 7, 3 und 5 entleert.In a similar manner as the minimum voltage relay MVR monitors the electrical mains voltage, the pressure in a compressed air reservoir 35 is monitored by a pressure switch PS. As soon as the pressure in the compressed air reservoir 35 drops below a third limit P Grenz, 3 , the pressure switch PS sends a corresponding signal to the control unit AFD and as a result the
Das Steuergerät AFD hat auch einen Eingang einer pneumatischen Druckleitung 37 und einen Ausgang, der mit der Toilettenspülung 5 und mit dem Grauwasserbehälter 13 verbunden ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, bei Bedarf, die Toilettenspülung 5, die üblicherweise mit Druckluft betätigt wird, durch das Steuergerät AFD zu betätigen, so dass die Toilettenspülung 5 entleert wird, wenn gleichzeitig mit der Betätigung der Toilettenspülung 5 das zweite Steuerventil 23 geschossen wird. Des Weiteren sorgt die Druckluftleitung 37 dafür, dass bei Bedarf ein Überdruck in dem Grauwasserbehälter 13 entsteht, so dass das im Grauwasserbehälter 13 befindliche Wasser über den Ablauf 19 in den Abwassertank (nicht dargestellt) abfließen kann und dadurch der Grauwasserbehälter 13 entleert wird.The controller AFD also has an input of a
Der Warmwasserbereiter 7 wird durch das öffnen des dritten Wegeventils 25 entleert. Es empfiehlt sich im Sinne einer Minimierung des Druckluftbedarfs, zuerst das zweite Wegeventil 23 zu schließen und dann das dritte Wegeventil 25 zu öffnen, so dass der Warmwasserbereiter 7 leer läuft.The
Anschließend wird die Toilettenspülung 5 von dem Steuergerät AFD mindestens einmal betätigt und der Grauwasserbehälter 13 in der oben beschriebenen Weise entleert.Subsequently, the toilet flushing 5 is actuated by the control unit AFD at least once and the
Auf diese Weise ist es möglich mit einem geringen Druckluftbedarf von beispielsweise 120 bis 150 Litern das gesamte Wassersystem zu entleeren, so dass keine Frostschäden mehr auftreten können.In this way, it is possible with a low compressed air requirement of, for example, 120 to 150 liters to empty the entire water system, so that no more frost damage can occur.
Wenn der Frischwassertank 1 entleert werden soll, dann ist es ausreichend, das erste Wegeventil 21 zu öffnen, da sich der Frischwassertank 1 durch die Schwerkraft des in ihm befindlichen Wassers selbst entleert.If the
In
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beginnt in einem Startblock. In einem ersten Funktionsblock 51 werden die aktuelle Spannung U des Bordnetzes beziehungsweise einer Batterie sowie der Druck P im Druckspeicher 35 erfasst.The method according to the invention begins in a starting block. In a first
In einem ersten Abfrageblock 53 wird abgefragt, ob der aktuelle Druck P kleiner ist als ein Grenzwert PGrenz,3. Wenn dies der Fall ist, dann werden in einem zweiten Funktionsblock 55 das Ventil 23 geschlossen und das Ventil 25 geöffnet sowie die Toilettenspülung 5 angesteuert. Dies ist durch entsprechend gekennzeichnete Pfeile, die vom zweiten Funktionsblock 55 abgehen angedeutet.In a
Die Ansteuerung der Ventile 21, 23 und 25 sowie der Toilettenspülung 5 kann, wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit der
In einem zweiten Vergleicher 57 wird abgefragt, ob die Bordspannung U kleiner als ein erster Grenzwert UGrenz,1 ist. Wenn dies nicht der Fall sein sollte, dann verzweigt das Verfahren wieder an den Start.In a
Falls sich in dem zweiten Vergleicher 57 herausgestellt hat, dass die Netzspannung U kleiner als der erste Grenzwert UGrenz,1 ist, verzweigt das Programm zu einem dritten Funktionsblock 59. Dort werden, ähnlich wie im zweiten Funktionsblock 55 die Ventile 23 und 25 sowie die Toilettenspülung 5 angesteuert.If it has been found in the
In einem dritten Vergleicher 61 wird geprüft, ob die Spannung U kleiner als ein zweiter Grenzwert UGrenz,2 ist oder die Spannung länger als ein vorgegebenes Zeitintervall ΔT kleiner als der erste Grenzwert UGrenz,1 ist. Falls diese Abfrage mit nein beantwortet wird, verzweigt das Programm wieder an den Anfang. Andernfalls wird zusätzlich in einem vierten Funktionsblock 63 das erste Wegeventil 21 geöffnet.In a
Claims (14)
- Method for protecting water pipes (9) and water tanks (1, 13) of a vehicle, especially a rail vehicle against frost damage, wherein a voltage (U) in an electrical system of the vehicle is monitored and a pressure (p) in a compressed air network (37) of the vehicle is monitored, wherein the water conduits (9) and water tanks (5, 7, 13) are emptied when the voltage (U) falls below a first limit value (Ulimit,1) or when the pressure (p) falls below a third limit value (Plimit,3), and wherein electric energy is required to carry out the method, and wherein compressed air is required to empty the water pipes and the water tanks.
- Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
an outlet (19) of the fresh water tank (1) is opened when the voltage (U) falls below a second limit value (Ulimit,2) or remains below the first limit value (Ulimit,1) longer than a time interval (ΔT). - Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
it is carried out when an actual temperature Tactual is less than a threshold temperature tlimit. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the emptying of the toilet (5) and/or of the gray water reservoirs (13) is effected by means of compressed air. - Method according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the emptying of the toilets is carried out by at least a single pressing of the flush (5). - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the water pipes (9) and/or the water tanks (5, 7, 13) are emptied when the temperature in the interior of the vehicle is less than 5 °C. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the water pipes (9) and/or the water tank (1, 13) are emptied when a frost protection switch or push button (31) is actuated. - Control device for monitoring a fresh water system and/or hot water system of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle,
characterized in that
it operates according to one of the preceding method claims. - Computer program for running on a computing device,
characterized in that
it operates according to one of the preceding method claims. - Water system of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, comprising a fresh water tank (1), at least one consumer (3, 5, 17) and at least one water pipe (9),
characterized in that
a voltage monitor (MVR) for monitoring the voltage (U) of a vehicle electrical system and/or a pressure switch (PS) for monitoring the pressure (p) in a compressed air reservoir or compressed air supply, and a control device (AFD) for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, are provided, wherein electrical energy is necessary for carrying out the method and/or compressed air is required to drain the water pipes and the water tank. - Water system according to claim 10,
characterized in that
a switchable directional valve (21, 23) is respectively provided at the inlet and the outlet (9, 19) of the fresh water tanks (1). - Water system according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that
a switchable third directional valve (25) is provided at an outlet of a water heater (7). - Water system according to claim 11,
characterized in that
a switchable directional valve (21, 23) is provided at the outlets (19.9) of the fresh water tank (1). - Water system according to one of the claims 10 to 13,
characterized in that
at least one of the switchable directional valves (21, 23, 25) is designed as an aeratable directional valve.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTEP09012495.9T LT2305530T (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing |
| PL09012495T PL2305530T3 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing |
| DK09012495.9T DK2305530T3 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Procedure for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle against frost |
| EP09012495.9A EP2305530B1 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing |
| RU2010139980/11A RU2559178C2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2010-09-30 | Method for protection against freezing of fresh water system in transport vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09012495.9A EP2305530B1 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2305530A1 EP2305530A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| EP2305530B1 true EP2305530B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
Family
ID=41728430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09012495.9A Active EP2305530B1 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Method for protecting the fresh water system of a vehicle from freezing |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2305530B1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK2305530T3 (en) |
| LT (1) | LT2305530T (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2305530T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2559178C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU199012U1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-08-07 | Сименс Мобилити Гмбх | DEVICE OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY OF A RAIL VEHICLE |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011088172B4 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-07-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fresh water supply system for a rail vehicle |
| DE102012213975A1 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rail vehicle with an internal tank |
| AT513557B1 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-07-15 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | Tank emptying device |
| CN105774841B (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-12-29 | 王建明 | The antifreeze water-feeding system of hot blast emptying type passenger train |
| CN110481581A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-22 | 株洲车城机车配件股份有限公司 | A kind of novel high and cold toilet of locomotive antifreeze emptying system |
| CN112208574B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-05-10 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Drainage anti-freezing system for vehicle and control method |
| CN113085932A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-09 | 宁波中车时代电气设备有限公司 | Vacuum excrement collecting locomotive sanitation system and flushing and emptying method |
| DE102023209308B4 (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2025-04-24 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Condition-based frost evacuation for a rail vehicle |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU48489A1 (en) * | 1935-11-29 | 1936-08-31 | Л.Ф. Митрофанов | Device for water supply of passenger cars |
| NL46777C (en) * | 1936-12-24 | |||
| FR907387A (en) * | 1944-04-06 | 1946-03-11 | Cie Generale De Travaux D Ecla | Water heating installation |
| US4216554A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-08-12 | Gard, Inc. | Automatic freeze-proof drain system |
| US4657038A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1987-04-14 | Lyons Kevin D | Apparatus for preventing water pipe freeze-up |
| US5113892A (en) * | 1991-08-19 | 1992-05-19 | Hull Harold L | Freeze control and drain valve |
| RU2222671C2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-01-27 | Вафин Минхасян Валиевич | Device for delivering water from well into tower and its automatic drain valve |
| RU79856U1 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2009-01-20 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Научно-Производственный Центр "Экспресс" | INSTALLATION OF A VACUUM PUMP FOR EQUIPMENT OF VACUUM TOILET VEHICLE SYSTEMS |
-
2009
- 2009-10-02 DK DK09012495.9T patent/DK2305530T3/en active
- 2009-10-02 LT LTEP09012495.9T patent/LT2305530T/en unknown
- 2009-10-02 EP EP09012495.9A patent/EP2305530B1/en active Active
- 2009-10-02 PL PL09012495T patent/PL2305530T3/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-09-30 RU RU2010139980/11A patent/RU2559178C2/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU199012U1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-08-07 | Сименс Мобилити Гмбх | DEVICE OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY OF A RAIL VEHICLE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL2305530T3 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
| LT2305530T (en) | 2017-03-27 |
| DK2305530T3 (en) | 2017-03-20 |
| RU2559178C2 (en) | 2015-08-10 |
| EP2305530A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| RU2010139980A (en) | 2012-04-10 |
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