EP2278851A1 - Electrically heatable glass pane, method for production of same and window - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrically heatable glass pane (10), comprising at least one electrically conductive coating applied to at least one side of the glass pane and at least one contacting applied at least in regions on the coating, wherein the contacting is designed as a spray coating.

Description

The present invention relates to an electrically heatable glass pane, which has an electrically conductive coating on the surface of the glass pane, as well as a special contacting of this electrically conductive coating. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing this glass sheet and a window comprising the glass sheet according to the invention. Likewise possible uses of the glass pane are specified.

Electrically conductive and largely transparent coated glasses and plastic films have achieved a wide range of applications in the industry. The functions of such substrates with electrically conductive transparent thin layers extend from the top electrode in liquid crystal display elements, so-called liquid crystal displays (LCDs), via thin-film transistors (TFT) displays, via cover electrodes for electroluminescent displays, computer screen elements up to electrostatic shielding elements, heating elements for mirrors and burglar alarm glazings and the like.

The production of such electrically conductive and substantially transparent inorganic thin films can be carried out in sputtering or vapor deposition as well as pyrolytic with a subsequent temperature treatment in the range 450 to 750 ° C. The thermoplastic films or plates are coated, for example, by means of low-temperature sputtering and vapor deposition techniques. Similarly, indium tin oxide (ITO) or tin oxide (NESA) pastes and the like metal oxides embedded in a corresponding polymer matrix or pastes with intrinsically conductive polymers, electroactive polymer films such as polyanilines, polythiophenes, polyacetylenes, polypyrroles (Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 1986) and the like polymers with and without metal oxide filling. These are applied by means of screen printing, knife coating, spraying, brushing and the like application techniques, wherein substantial achievements in drying at low temperatures of, for example, 80 to 120 ° C were achieved, as well as in the great elasticity in the case of deformation and of course the highest possible transparency with low sheet resistance.

One particular type of electrically conductive and highly transparent float glass is the pyrolytically produced layers, which have a high surface hardness and whose surface electrical resistance is typical over a very wide range a few milliohms to 3,000 ohms per square can be adjusted with a typical daylight transmission of 77 to 86%. By way of example, the TEC glass from Pilkington Libbey-Owens-Ford, Toledo OH, USA is mentioned here. A glass called TEC 15/4 has a glass thickness of 4 mm and has a surface resistance of less than 14 ohms per square with a daylight transmittance of 83%. A glass called TEC 70/4 also has a 4 mm glass thickness and has a surface resistivity of less than 80 ohms per square, with a daylight transmittance of 82%. Such glasses can be well deformed and have good scratch resistance. In particular, scratches do not lead to an electrical interruption of the electrically conductive surface layer, but only to a mostly slight increase in surface resistance. In the case of pure surface layers, such as an ITO sputter layer or vapor deposition layer, damage to the surface, such as, for example, scratches or cracks due to thermal surface tensions, leads to an interruption of the electrical surface conductivity and thus to a failure of the system. Furthermore, pyrolytically produced conductive surface layers are diffused and anchored so strongly into the surface by their temperature treatment that an extremely high adhesion to the glass substrate is given in a subsequent application of material, which is also very advantageous for the present invention. In addition, such coatings have good homogeneity, ie, a low scattering of the surface resistance value over large surfaces, and this property likewise represents an advantage for the present development.

The use of such K glasses as an electric heating element for example mirror heating and the like is also already known.

In the WO 01/10790 is a glass article for use in building technology to reduce the heating caused by sunlight. In this invention, a coating of a glass substrate based on antimony-doped tin-oxide layers in combination with fluorine-doped tin-oxide layers is termed such that a high light transmittance of the visible light is achieved and at the same time a low permeability of sunlight is given.

In the WO 00/53062 there is described a window element for a showcase formed of a tempered glass plate having on at least one side a transparent and electrically conductive coating and a pair of electrically conductive busbars, wherein the conductive coating can be heated. In another embodiment, a spaced two-pane window element is described; while the inside of the outer glass or the outside of the inner glass is heated. Furthermore, it is stated that the electrically conductive coating is formed from the group consisting of tin oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide and cadmium stannate, has a thickness of 50 to 900 nanometers and each bus bar of the busbar Pair of electrically conductive material, which is selected from the group silver, silver alloy, copper and copper alloy. The attachment of the paired bus bar contact strips takes place before the attachment of the electrically conductive transparent layer. After attaching the pairs Busbar Kontaktierstreifen and subsequently the electrically conductive coating, the glass sheets are bent and tempered in the glass melting furnace to the desired contour. The lateral spacing and sealing elements are disclosed in another patent US 5,622,414 described in detail.

In the EP 0 300 300 B1 describes a method for applying a colored coating on a surface of a glass sheet by means of screen printing technique and using pasty to flowable coating mixtures of phyllosilicates, oxides, metal modifications and carbon modifications with a binder solution based on phosphate and thus to a glaze-free coating mixture and so applied to the glass surface at Temperatures in the range between 550 to 700 ° C baked. In a specific embodiment, the coating mixture is rendered conductive by adding carbon black of up to 10 parts by weight, and thus treated glass sheets provide good fracture toughness, good adhesion and scratch resistance, as well as good corrosion resistance and good suitability for laminated safety panes.

In the WO 93/26138 and the WO 94/00044 An electric surface heating element and an electrically heatable foodware and corresponding production methods have been described. Both inventions is based on a so-called arc spraying method in the form of flame spraying or plasma spraying.

In the US 5,080,146 is an improved and cost-saving method of filling laminated glass units with a low-conductivity gas, such as the relatively expensive krypton or with Argon, xenon, CO ₂ , air, SF ₆ and fluorocarbon gas described. In this invention, the seal is further described at the glass edges and are called for seals based on silicones, butyl rubber, polyurethanes or polysulfides and gas leakage of so-sealed laminated glass of less than 1% over very long periods specified.

In the EP 0 394 089 B1 is an electrically heatable glass pane with an electrically conductive, transparent serving as a heating surface coating, arranged along two opposite disc edges power supply conductors and with a frame-like decorative layer of an opaque and electrically conductive paint, in particular a Einbrennfarbe described. The two current supply conductors are in electrically conductive contact with the surface coating and consist of metal foil strips or metal strips which are in electrical contact with the decorative layer in the region of the frame-shaped decorative layer. In this invention as well, arc spraying processes for producing contact strips are by no means mentioned.

In the EP 0 397 292 B1 describes a process for producing a thin transparent and electrically conductive layer of metal oxide (s) on a substrate, in particular on glass. This is accomplished by spraying metal compounds of indium formate and exemplified by dibutyltin oxide and / or dibutyltin difluoride as a powder in suspension in a carrier gas onto the elevated temperature substrate which will decompose in contact with the substrate and oxidize to form the metallic oxide layer Powder is pyrolyzed in contact with the substrate to form a thin layer based on indium oxide.

Proceeding from this, it was an object of the present invention to provide an electrically heatable glass pane, which has an improved contact of the electrically conductive coating, wherein the contact can be produced in a simple and easy to reproduce manner.

This object is achieved with respect to the glass pane with the features of claim 1, with respect to the window comprising the glass pane, with the features of claim 11. In claim 15, a manufacturing method for producing the glass pane is given, claim 16 takes possible uses for the choice of glass and window of the invention. The respective dependent claims are advantageous developments.

According to the invention, an electrically heatable glass pane is thus provided which has at least one electrically conductive coating applied to at least one side of the glass pane and at least one contacting applied at least in regions on the coating, wherein the contacting is designed as a spray coating.

The invention thus relates to a glass pane, in particular for use as a window, glass door, glass partition or glass radiator in buildings, automobiles, mobile and stationary equipment and the like applications. Usually, in modern window designs, two or more equal or dissimilar spaced glass sheets of flat glass, also referred to as float glass, of a thickness of a few mm to about 21 mm, typically used of 4 mm thickness and 16 mm spacing. The embodiments may be designed according to the properties for the heat protection, the sun protection, the sound insulation, the fire protection, the persons and property protection and the like or also for combinations of the mentioned types.

A typical flat glass dimension is exemplarily 6.00 x 3.21 meters. From these, the panes are made for typical multi-pane insulating glass structures, wherein the edge seal hermetically sealed spaces are produced, which are usually filled by a noble gas wherein the gas pressure is adjusted according to the barometric air pressure at the place and at the time of production. Thus, at the time of production, there is a balance between the pressure in the glazing unit and the external barometric pressure in the production environment.

In addition to these double, triple or even multiple insulating glass structures made of simple float glass, such multi-pane insulating glass structures can also be formed from disks which have a coating on one or both sides and thus the reflection and / or transmission in desired wavelength ranges of the light Furthermore, the individual panes can be made to be prestressed or through-dyed, or they can be formed from safety glass.

Safety glass or safety insulating glass is originally for the automotive industry developed glasses for vehicle glazing and such sandwich-like safety glass elements are increasingly used today in building services. Basically, a distinction is made between toughened safety glass and laminated safety glass. In principle, both types can be used in the present invention. A typical safety glass structure consists of two float glass panes with a thin inner layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethanes (PU), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC) or similar polymers with corresponding refractive indices greater than 1 and less than 2, typically in the range of 1.5.

Furthermore, the so-called k value is important for the present invention. The heat transfer coefficient k indicates how much energy, expressed in watts per square meter of glass surface and degree of temperature difference in Kelvin (W / m ² K), is lost. A small k value means less energy loss. Typical k-values of single-pane glasses of a few mm thickness are 5 to 6 W / m ² K, while modern insulating glass structures of, for example, 4 mm float glass and 16 mm argon gas and 4 mm float glass, depending on the type of coating, have k values in the range 1, Reach 7 to 1.1 W / m ² K.

In a preferred embodiment, the contacting is formed from materials which are selected from the group consisting of metals or alloys thereof with a conductivity σ of more than 1 × 10 ⁶ S / m, in particular metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of tin, Zinc, silver, palladium, aluminum, tungsten, rhenium, tungsten-rhenium, molybdenum, molybdenum-rhenium, rhodium.

The contacting is expediently applied to at least two points of the electrically conductive coating (these locations can be arranged, for example, on opposite sides on a surface of the disk), wherein the contacting itself is formed from at least one layer. However, there is also the possibility that the contacting comprises at least two layers, wherein the materials of the at least two layers may be the same or different.

The total thickness of the contacting is preferably from 0.001 to 5.0 mm, preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 mm, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.3 mm.

The contacting may e.g. be applied in the form of contact strips or as busbars.

The contacting is applied by means of a galvanoplastic process, such as plasma spraying or flame spraying, whereby the contact is not formed as a uniform, continuous metal layer, but has a granular structuring or is formed porous. The contact thus has a certain surface roughness.

Suitable materials for the electrically conductive coating are, in particular, materials which are selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, tin oxide doped with antimony and / or fluorine, zinc oxide, cadmium stannate and / or combinations thereof. The coating can be in particular according to the in the EP 0 397 292 produce described method. A thin electrically conductive and largely transparent Layer is very well suited to the present invention.

In order to impair the optical transparency of the glass sheet produced as little as possible, the layer thickness of the electrically conductive coating is selected such that preferably the transmission of the coating in the wavelength range of 250 nm <λ <850 nm, measured at a layer thickness of 0.3 to 0, 5 microns, preferably 0.4 microns, between 60 and 99%, preferably between 75 and 90%.

The glass pane on which the coating and the contact is applied, is not limited to specific types of glass, but all types of glass can be used. For example, float glass, single-pane safety glass or laminated glass panes come into question here. The laminated glass panes preferably include casting resins or tough elastic thermoplastic films, in particular a polyvinyl butyrate, polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride film in order to produce the composite.

According to the invention, a window is likewise provided which comprises at least one of the previously described glass sheets according to the invention.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one further glass pane is arranged at a distance from the glass pane, preferably at a distance of 3 to 20 mm, more preferably 8 to 10 mm.

Another object of the invention is thus a window in the form of a multilayer planar structure of at least two spaced glass panes, which are peripherally bounded airtight and at least a glass sheet inside a substantially transparent and electrically conductive coating which is provided on two opposite sides with good electrically conductive Kontaktierstreifen and these Kontaktierstreifen be supplied with DC or AC, and thus heats the inside largely transparent and electrically conductive coating and so the transparent Heating element predominantly radiates heat only on one side. The at least two spaced-apart contacting strips are applied directly to the electrically conductive and substantially transparent coating by means of the arc spraying method. Preferably, the intermediate space formed by the two disks is filled with a noble gas, preferably argon, xenon or krypton.

Furthermore, the further glass pane can have a heat-reflecting coating, at least on the side facing the first glass pane. The coating is selected as a function of the wavelength range to be reflected and consists of metals and / or alloys known to those skilled in the art.

According to the invention, a method is also provided for electrically contacting a glass pane provided with at least one heating layer, in which the order of the electrical contacting by means of a galvanoplastic process selected from the group consisting of plasma spraying, flame spraying, high-velocity flame spraying, detonation spraying, cold gas spraying, arc spraying, plasma Powder-surfacing and / or laser spraying at least partially on the heating layer.

The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following explanations, without limiting the invention to the specific parameters shown there.

Transparent heating elements based on an electrically conductive and largely transparent coated surface require at least on two opposite sides as well as possible electrically conductive contact strips or so-called busbars. As long as only low electrical power must be introduced to electrically conductive surfaces, rich spring contacts or carbon-filled rubber elements or so-called zebra rubber strips. Often conductive adhesive pastes are used based on silver or palladium or copper or gold filled polymer adhesive. For heating elements that should work for very long periods of time with very high temperature differences and high electrical currents, such conductive adhesives have not been proven and offers the arc spraying very significant functional and structural and cost advantages. The layer thickness can be chosen as freely within a wide range of typically 0.05 to 0.30 mm as their geometric arrangement and the composition of the metallic elements. For example, provide flame or plasma sprayed contact strips of tin and zinc or aluminum excellent solderability and so the electrical connections can be easily produced by soldering, friction welding or just crimping or frictionally applied connection elements with, for example, a micro-rough surface. In addition, contact strips produced in this way by the appropriate choice of material and the choice of the geometric arrangement and optionally the layer thickness allow a homogeneous electric field with not parallel arranged Kontaktierstreifen. This is very important, for example, in the case of conical or curved glass elements or contact strips, since in this case a homogenous surface resistance would not form a homogeneous stress gradient on the glass pane and therefore the contact strips must form a conductivity or resistance profile as a result of their design the electrically conductive glass coating forms a homogeneous or a desired electric field profile and thus leads to a homogeneous or desired planar heating.

In the coating process for contacting two metallic wires are fed to each other. These wires are provided as electrical conductors with different poles (positive and negative) to ignite an arc. The about 4500 ° C hot micro particles are accelerated by compressed air and high energy on the surface, e.g. Applied glass.

The heating layer is applied during the manufacturing process of the glass, therefore good adhesion between the glass and the heating layer is achieved.

The aluminum layer is subsequently applied with atomization. Due to the high energy density and speed also creates a good bond with the glass and the heating layer. The aluminum layer serves as a bonding agent for the conductive zinc layer.

The zinc layer is also applied by sputtering. It serves as a solderable view for an electronic connection to the power supply.

Technical specifications Zinc coating

The material can also be soldered.

composition

zinc 99.99 (minimum) copper 0.002 (maximum)

Physical coating properties

melting point 420 ° C (approximate) bond strength 8.4 MPa, blasted steel surface 2.4-6.4 MPa, blasted plastic surface Beschichtungsdehnfähigkeit 89.6 MPa hardness 13 Rh / 146 Knoop 100 coating density 6.36 g / cm ³ (91%) shrinkage 0.001 cm / cm expansion coefficient 0.000564 mm / 2.45 cm x 0.38 ° C (22.2 micro-in / in x ° F)

Spraying with 8830

Atomizing air pressure in bar 3.1-4.8 Current in amperes 150-350 Distance in cm to the glass 13-30 Coating structure in mm aa 0.00635

Technical specifications Aluminum coating

Produced exclusively for high-energy coatings. Properties are its resistance to atmospheric and chemical and thermal corrosion. The material also has good electrical and thermal conductivity.

composition Physical order properties

melting point 660 ° C (approximate) Beschichtungsdehnfestigkeit 34.4 MPa coating density 2.51 g / cm ³ oxide content less than 2% porosity 02.01%

Spraying when using 8330

atomizing air pressure 45-70 Current in amperes 200-350 Spray distance in cm 17 Layer thickness / order in μm 125 Layer structure (mm aa) Fine (microinches aa) 0.000381 to 0.00762

Some embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing figures.

• Figur 1: eine schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus einer erfindungsgemäßen Glasscheibe.
• Figur 2: eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung in geschnittener Seitenansicht, wobei in dieser einfachen Basisausführung zwei beabstandete Floatglasscheiben aufgezeigt werden.
• Figur 3: eine weitere schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung in geschnittener Seitenansicht, wobei in dieser Ausführungsform 3 beabstandete Floatglasscheiben Verwendung finden.
• Figur 4: eine weitere schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung in geschnittener Seitenansicht, wobei in dieser Ansicht eine Verbundglasscheibe dargestellt wird.

Showing:

• FIG. 1 : a schematic representation of the structure of a glass sheet according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 : A schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention in a sectional side view, wherein in this simple basic design two spaced float glass panes are shown.
• FIG. 3 a further schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention in a sectional side view, wherein in this embodiment, 3 spaced float glass panes are used.
• FIG. 4 FIG. 3: a further schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention in a sectional side view, a laminated glass pane being illustrated in this view.

In FIG. 1 a sectional view of a glass pane 18 according to the invention is shown. The support structure and base forms a float glass pane 3, to which an electrically conductive coating 5 (eg of ITO) is applied. This coating 5 can be applied by methods known from the prior art, for example by means of sputtering. At the edge of this coated glass pane 18, the contact 10 is applied, which is formed in this case of two separate layers of aluminum 19 and zinc 20. Both the aluminum 19 and the zinc coating 20 are applied via electroforming processes (eg by means of plasma or arc spraying).

In FIG. 2 a simple basic embodiment of a transparent heating element 1 based on a float glass 2 outside and a spaced float glass 3 is shown. The two float glasses are spaced apart by spacers 6 and at the same time effect the sealing of the noble gas 8. In a preferred embodiment, a high molecular weight noble gas, for example krypton, is used. The filling and sealing takes place according to the prior art. According to the invention, a float glass 3 is now internally provided with an electrically conductive and largely transparent coating 5 (see FIG FIG. 1 ) Mistake. At desired points, which are generally located at at least two spaced locations of the coated float glass 3, 5, so-called contact strips 10 are applied by means of the arc spraying method, in particular by means of the flame spraying method and the plasma spraying method.

On this at least two Kontaktierstreifen 10 contacting elements 7 are then attached. The attachment can be made by means of soldering, friction welding, ultrasonic welding or even by means of non-positive contact elements 7, wherein in a specific embodiment, the flat surface of the contact elements 10 is provided with a rough and electrically good conductive surface and this rough contact surface when pressing on the Kontaktierstreifen 10th In small arbitrarily distributed areas, the surface is permanently deformed and optionally penetrates a vulnerable surface oxide layer and produces such a good and low-resistance contact between the contacting elements 7 and the contact strips 10.

The float glass pane 2 is preferably used on the outside with a coating 4 arranged on the inside. In this case, this coating 4 once the function of the heat reflection of the heated surface of the electrically conductive coating 5 and can also serve to reduce the heat radiation by solar radiation and must be designed in this case such that from the outside of the float glass pane 2 outside penetrating light is reflected accordingly.

Furthermore, the float glass pane 2 may already have a body color on the outside, that is to say consist of a float glass colored in the mass, as a result of which the solar radiation is absorbed to a greater degree and discharged convectively to the outside.

The sun protection effect depends on the color and the thickness of the float glass used.

A thermal insulation can be achieved only in conjunction with a corresponding coating 4 and a noble gas filling 8 or with the coating 5.

By applying an electrical voltage to the contacting elements 7, a heating of the coating 5 is effected depending on the impressed electrical power and furthermore the heat radiation 9 is predominantly effected to only one side of the transparent heating element and can thus be a cost-effective and planar and substantially transparent heating element 1 getting produced.

For example, based on a coating 5 with 14 ohms per square, a radiator with 100 watts per square meter at about 37 volts and about 2.7 amps can be achieved. For a Coating 5 of 80 ohms per square and 50 watts per square meter, typically 63 volts and 0.80 amps are needed.

According to the invention, such a transparent heating element 1 is therefore not a primary heating element, but such transparent heating elements 1 are intended to support space heating and well-being and can thus be used architecturally very interesting planar heating elements that promote human well-being.

In FIG. 3 a further schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention in a sectional side view in the form of 3 spaced float glass panes 3, 15, 2 is shown. Such a design now has two cavities 8, which are filled with inert gas and additionally has a float glass 15 in the center. This float glass 15 can now be provided on both sides with a thin coating 12, 4. Preferably, the coating 4 is formed as a reflector for thermal radiation. The coating 12 may be designed to reduce the solar radiation heat. The coating 11 of the float glass pane 2 on the outside is preferably also designed to reduce the heat radiation through the sun, but can also perceive optical functions as well as heat protection functions.

This 3-fold arrangement will be particularly advantageous at high temperature differences between inside and outside, as known high temperature differences to heavy loads in the boundary or enclosure, shown in the drawing by the spacers 6 lead, which cause the sealing of the noble gas chambers 8. It is obvious that by such a 2-chamber system based on 2 noble gas chambers 8 compared to the arrangement in FIG. 2 at the same temperature differences between the outside and inside causes an approximately half the temperature gradient and thus at extreme temperature differences, a lower load on all construction elements is effected.

In FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention in a sectional side view of a laminated glass pane 14 is shown. Such a laminated glass pane consists of at least two float glass panes 2, 3 and a centrally arranged inner layer 13.

Such inner layers 13 are preferably made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like permanently elastic thin polymeric materials with good and high transparency and a typical refractive index of 1.5.

Such laminated glass panes 13 are often referred to as safety glass or as safety insulating glass or designed specifically for this purpose and are often used in the automotive industry as well as in special glazing elements, such as a glass door, in building technology and security technology.

Furthermore, a thin coating 4 on the inside of the float glass pane 2 and on the float glass pane 3 on the inside an electrically conductive and largely transparent coating 5 are preferably applied. The coating 4 should have heat radiation insulating properties and may additionally on the top of the float glass 2, a further thin and transparent coating in analogy to the coating 12, as in the FIG. 3 described, have.

On the coating 5, so-called contact strips 10 are now applied at desired locations, which are generally located at at least two spaced locations of the coated float glass 3, 5, by means of the arc spraying method, in particular by means of the flame spraying method and the plasma spraying method. For this purpose, the comments on the description of the FIGS. 1 and 2 directed. Due to the small thickness of the inner layer 13, the Kontaktierstreifen 10 must be selected to be very thin and the contacting elements 7 are also made very thin. In addition, the contact strips 10 and the contacting elements 7 must be carried out before the lamination or convection of the laminated glass pane 14.

It can be seen that such a laminated glass pane 14 also in place of the float glass 3 in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3 can be used. Likewise, a laminated glass pane 14 without Kontaktierstreifen 10 and without Kontaktierelemente 7 instead of the float glass 2 in FIG. 2 and instead of the float glass 2 or 15 in FIG. 3 be used.

In addition, transparent heating elements 1 can be designed with more than 3 float glass panes 1, 15, 3; as well as a combination with laminated glass 14 is possible.

Claims (16)

Electrically heatable glass pane (10), comprising at least one electrically conductive coating applied to at least one side of the glass pane and at least one contacting applied at least in regions on the coating
characterized,
that the contacting is designed as a spray coating. Glass pane (10) according to the preceding claim, that the materials of the contacting are selected from the group consisting of metals or alloys thereof with a conductivity σ of more than 1 · 10 ⁶ S / m, in particular metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of tin , Zinc, silver, palladium, aluminum, tungsten, rhenium, tungsten-rhenium, molybdenum, molybdenum-rhenium, rhodium. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting comprises at least one layer. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting comprises at least two layers, wherein the materials of the at least two layers may be the same or different. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting has a total thickness of 0.001 to 5.0 mm, preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 mm, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.3 mm. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting is applied in the form of opposite contact strips or as busbars. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting is porous. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating is selected from the group consisting of indium-tin oxide, with antimony and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium stannate and / or combinations thereof. Glass pane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission of the coating in the wavelength range of 250 nm <λ <850 nm, measured at a layer thickness of 0.4 microns between 60 and 99%, preferably between 75 and 90% is. Glass pane (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass pane is a float glass, tempered safety glass, or laminated glass pane, the laminated glass pane preferably a cast resin and / or a viscoelastic thermoplastic film, in particular a Polyvinylbutryrat-, polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride film , having. A window (20) comprising a glass sheet according to any one of the preceding claims. Window (20) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one further glass pane is arranged at a distance from the glass pane (10), preferably at a distance of 3 to 20 mm, more preferably 8 to 10 mm, the space enclosed by the two glass panes At the edges of the glass panes surrounding airtight is bounded. Window (20) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the space formed by the spacing is filled with a noble gas, preferably argon, xenon or krypton. Window (20) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the further glass pane has a heat-reflecting coating at least on the side facing the first glass pane (10). A process for the electrical contacting of a glass pane provided with at least one heating layer, wherein the order of electrical contacting by means of a galvanoplastic process selected from the group consisting of plasma spraying, flame spraying, high-velocity flame spraying, detonation spraying, cold gas spraying, arc spraying, plasma powder build-up welding and / or laser spraying takes place at least partially on the heating layer. Use of a glass pane according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and / or of the window according to one of claims 11 to 14 as windows, glass doors, glass partitions, glass radiators in buildings automobiles and / or mobile and stationary equipment.

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