EP2211322A1 - Procédé et système pour éviter une collision frontale dans un véhicule automobile - Google Patents
Procédé et système pour éviter une collision frontale dans un véhicule automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2211322A1 EP2211322A1 EP09151294A EP09151294A EP2211322A1 EP 2211322 A1 EP2211322 A1 EP 2211322A1 EP 09151294 A EP09151294 A EP 09151294A EP 09151294 A EP09151294 A EP 09151294A EP 2211322 A1 EP2211322 A1 EP 2211322A1
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- host vehicle
- target object
- risk zone
- collision avoidance
- predicted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/161—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- the present invention also relates to a method in an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system in accordance with the preamble of claim 9.
- FCAS Forward Collision Avoidance System
- An FCAS uses sensors based on technologies such as RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging), LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and cameras to monitor the region in front of the host vehicle.
- RADAR RAdio Detection And Ranging
- LIDAR Light Detection And Ranging
- LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
- a tracking algorithm is used to estimate the state of the objects ahead and a decision algorithm uses the estimated states to determine any action, e.g. warning the driver or autonomous braking.
- Automotive manufacturers are today studying collision avoidance systems providing warning and auto-braking functionality for an imminent collision with a pedestrian.
- warning and auto-braking functionality is normally based on the use of sensors, such as mentioned above, in order to detect the position and motion of pedestrians.
- a threat assessor estimates if the collision avoidance system equipped vehicle and the pedestrian is on a collision course by predicting the positions a short time in the future, usually one to three seconds.
- FCW Forward Collision Warning
- CMB Collision Mitigation by Braking
- the decision of warning and auto-braking is based on predictions of the paths of the host vehicle and the target object.
- the position and motion of the target object is, as mentioned above, measured with a sensor such as a camera, radar or laser equipment, or a combination thereof.
- observation based prediction i.e. prediction based on an appropriate motion model and what may be observed and measured without assuming any change in behaviour, is sufficient for decision-making in FCW systems and CMbB systems.
- One object of the invention is to provide an improved automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system.
- means for establishing the presence of a target object in front of a vehicle hosting said system comprising: means for estimating the position, velocity and acceleration of the target object; and means for establishing a risk zone in front of the host vehicle; and means for predicting the future path of the target object and the host vehicle in order to predict the lateral position of the target object at a moment when the host vehicle reaches the target object in a longitudinal direction; and means for executing a collision avoidance task arranged such that: - if the target object, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as being able to stop before entering the risk zone through applying a certain predetermined maximum acceleration in a direction opposite to its velocity, it is predicted to stop at a position just before entering the risk zone and no collision avoidance task is executed; and - if the target object, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as not being able to stop before entering the risk zone, then the future position of the target object is predicted using the assumption that the target object will continue to move according to an
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved method in an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system.
- a collision avoidance task arranged such that: - if the target object, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as being able to stop before entering the risk zone, it is predicted to stop at a position just before entering the risk zone and no collision avoidance task is executed; and - if the target object, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as not being able to stop before entering the risk zone, then the future position of the target object is predicted using the assumption that the target object will continue to move according to an observation based motion model and a collision avoidance task is executed, a method is provided which renders fewer false alarms
- FIG 1 illustrates schematically a Forward Collision Avoidance System (FCAS) 1, arranged in a host vehicle 2 in accordance with the present invention.
- the host vehicle 2 has a breaking system 4 such as an Antilock Brake System (ABS system), e.g. with brake discs 6 and appertaining calipers 7 associated with each of the front wheels 8 and rear wheels 9 of the host vehicle 2.
- the host vehicle 2 further usually has a power steering system 5, which is arranged to control the steering angle of the front wheels 8.
- a sensor 3, such as a radar, a lidar, a laser or a camera based sensor is mounted at the front end of the host vehicle 2 and arranged to monitor the region in front of the host vehicle 2.
- the FCAS is operatively connected with the braking system 4 of the host vehicle 2.
- the FCAS is arranged to establish the presence of target objects in front of the host vehicle 2 and to estimate the position, velocity and acceleration of any target objects established to be present. These estimations are then used by the FCAS to determine how to avoid or mitigate collision with any target objects, e.g. by performing collision avoidance tasks such as providing warnings, e.g. using an acoustic and/or visual alarm actuated through an alarm actuator 12, or performing autonomous braking.
- the present invention especially relates to prediction of future paths of pedestrians 10. It is also applicable to any other type of target object 10 that typically moves across a road rather than along it.
- the solution makes use of the fact that pedestrians 10 are usually aware of the danger of entering the road and thus are not assumed to continue over the road according to an observation based motion model, such as with constant velocity, just because they temporarily have a motion towards it.
- Pedestrians 10 are usually not users of the same road as the host vehicle 2 other than while crossing it. In case a pedestrian 10 moves towards the road as if it would cross it, it is likely to stop before crossing it if there is an upcoming vehicle. Since most pedestrians 10 are aware of the danger of entering a road, they are normally not likely to enter the road just because they temporarily have a motion towards it. Thus, using observation based motion prediction of the path of a pedestrian 10 yields an unacceptably large number of false alarms and interventions, especially in city environments where pedestrians 10 close to the road move in random directions, usually without entering the road.
- the solution in accordance with the present invention is based on the use of two hypotheses. Firstly(illustrated at A in figure 3 ), that the pedestrian 10 will continue walking in the same direction and with the same acceleration as it currently is. Secondly (illustrated at B in figure 3 ), that the pedestrian 10 will stop before entering a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2.
- the pedestrian 10 is assumed to apply a certain acceleration in opposite direction to its velocity.
- the assumed acceleration may be tuned differently depending on the area of application. For collision warning, the assumed acceleration may reflect the behavior of stopping in an ordinary way, whereas that of CMbB may rather reflect the acceleration of stopping abruptly.
- the risk zone is an area representing the predicted coverage of the host vehicle 2, i.e. the area between the predicted path of the leftmost and rightmost parts of the host vehicle 2, i.e. as defined by the host vehicle width w, as illustrated in figure 3 .
- the prediction with respect to the risk zone takes curvature into account by using the current yaw rate of the host vehicle 2 (the host vehicle's angular velocity around its vertical axis), i.e. if the host vehicle 2 is inside a curve, the risk zone will be curved accordingly.
- an extra width d of the risk zone may be applied on each side of the host vehicle 2. The additional width d may depend on velocity and other factors in order to better reflect the perceived risk of the situation.
- the area between the left hand side and right hand side lane markers 11 may be used to define the risk zone, rather than the host vehicle 2 width w and additional width d.
- these lane markers 11 may be used for defining that side of the risk zone whilst using the host vehicle 2 width w and additional width d at the other side of the host vehicle 2.
- lane marker sensors provide a good detection also of the boundary between the road and a sidewalk, i.e. the curb (not shown), which in such case may be used instead of the line markers for defining the risk zone in accordance with the present invention. This could be quite useful in urban areas, where line markers 11 are frequently replaced with curbs.
- the risk zone may be defined to be wider than the host vehicle 2, e.g. the host vehicle 2 width w and additional width d or the width as defined by the lane markers 11.
- the risk zone may be defined as having the width w of the host vehicle 2.
- risk zone may be defined in a number of different ways in order to suit different applications and requirements.
- the future path of the pedestrian 10 is predicted in order to find its lateral position y at the moment when the host vehicle 2 reaches the pedestrian 10 in a longitudinal direction x.
- the second hypotheses i.e. that the pedestrian 10 will stop before entering a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2
- results in a predicted position outside the risk zone it is assumed that the pedestrian 10 intends to stop before entering the risk zone.
- the second hypothesis is then used when calculating the future path of the pedestrian 10.
- the second hypotheses i.e. that the pedestrian 10 will stop before entering a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2, yields a predicted position inside the risk zone, it is assumed that the pedestrian 10 does not intend to stop (based on the fact that it is too late to stop in a reasonable manner) before entering the risk zone.
- the first hypothesis (illustrated at A in figure 3 ), i.e. that the pedestrian 10 will continue walking in the same direction and with the same acceleration as it currently is, is then used when calculating the future path of the pedestrian 10.
- a third hypothesis may be used.
- the pedestrian 10 accelerates in the other direction, i.e. that the pedestrian 10 will accelerate to escape the risk zone, rather than stop before entering it.
- the proposed solution lies in using an improved motion model for pedestrians 10.
- This improved motion model takes into account that a pedestrian 10 is likely to stop before entering a host vehicle 2 future path.
- a predetermined maximum acceleration for pedestrians 10 is assumed.
- a crossing vehicle not shown
- this crossing vehicle is predicted to stop at a position just before entering the host vehicle 2 path.
- a pedestrian 10, or a crossing vehicle is estimated as not being able to stop before entering the host vehicle 2 path, then the future position of this pedestrian 10, or crossing vehicle, is predicted using conventional motion models.
- Conventional motion models typically means that it is assumed that the pedestrian 10, or crossing vehicle, will continue moving according to an observation based motion model, e.g. with a constant velocity in the current direction.
- An advantage with the proposed solution compared to conventional methods, is that it will lead to fewer false alarms in pedestrian and intersection warning/intervention safety systems. In the end, it could be the difference between being able to reach an acceptable level of false alarms or not. Furthermore, when it is predicted that a pedestrian 10, or crossing vehicle, does not have the possibility to stop before entering the host vehicle 2 path, the confidence that there is a real threat is higher. Thus, the positive performance may also be increased, which in this case means earlier interventions and higher safety benefits by the system 1.
- an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system 1 having means, such as a radar, a lidar, a laser or a camera based sensor 3 for establishing the presence of a target object 10 in front of a vehicle 2 hosting the system 1.
- Means are provided for estimating the position, velocity and acceleration of the target object 10. Further means are provided for establishing a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2. Also provided are means for predicting the future path of the target object 10 and the host vehicle 2 in order to predict the lateral position y of the target object 10 at a moment when the host vehicle 2 reaches the target object 10 in a longitudinal direction x.
- Means are also provided for executing a collision avoidance task, which means are arranged such that: - if the target object 10, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as being able to stop before entering the risk zone through applying a certain predetermined maximum acceleration in a direction opposite to its velocity, it is predicted to stop at a position just before entering the risk zone, as illustrated at (B) in figure 3 , and no collision avoidance task is executed; and - if the target object 10, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as not being able to stop before entering the risk zone, then the future position of the target object 10 is predicted using the assumption that the target object 10 will continue to move according to an observation based motion model, as illustrated at (A) in figure 3 , and a collision avoidance task is executed.
- the means for executing a collision avoidance task are arranged to provide at least one of a warning to a driver of the host vehicle 2 and autonomous braking of the host vehicle 2.
- the means for establishing a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2 are arranged to establish the risk zone as an area representing the predicted coverage of the host vehicle 2 based on the host vehicle 2 width w.
- the means for establishing a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2 are further arranged to establish the risk zone taking curvature into account by using the current yaw rate of the host vehicle 2 and curving the risk zone accordingly.
- the means for establishing a risk zone in front of the host vehicle 2 are further arranged to establish the risk zone through, in addition to the host vehicle 2 width w, applying an extra width d on each side of the host vehicle 2, as illustrated in figure 3 .
- the host vehicle 2 is equipped with a lane marker sensor (not shown) for detection of lane markers 11 and that either the area between the detected left hand side and right hand side lane markers 11 is used to define the risk zone or, in the case that only lane markers 11 at one side of the host vehicle 2 are detected, these detected lane markers 11 at one side of the host vehicle 2 are used for defining that side of the risk zone whilst the host vehicle 2 width w and an additional width d are used for defining the other side of the risk zone, as illustrated in figure 3 .
- the means for executing a collision avoidance task are further arranged such that if the target object 10, based on its current position, velocity and acceleration, is predicted as being able to accelerate, through applying a certain predetermined maximum acceleration in the direction of its velocity, and thereby escape the risk zone before the host vehicle 2 reaches the target object in a longitudinal direction x no collision avoidance task is executed.
- the means for estimating the position, velocity and acceleration of the target object 10 are further arranged such that if the estimated acceleration of the target object 10 lies within a first range, when attempting to stop before entering the risk zone through applying a certain predetermined maximum acceleration in a direction opposite to its velocity and a collision avoidance task is executed, the collision avoidance task of providing a warning to a driver of the host vehicle 2 is executed, and if the estimated acceleration of the target object 10 lies within a second range, when attempting to stop before entering the risk zone through applying a certain predetermined maximum acceleration in a direction opposite to its velocity and a collision avoidance task is executed, the collision avoidance task of performing autonomous braking of the host vehicle 2 is executed.
- the present invention also relates to a method in an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system 1 suitable to be utilized in an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system 1 as described above.
- the present invention also relates to an automotive vehicle 2 comprising an automotive vehicle forward collision avoidance system 1 as described above.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09151294.7A EP2211322B1 (fr) | 2009-01-26 | 2009-01-26 | Procédé et système pour éviter une collision frontale dans un véhicule automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09151294.7A EP2211322B1 (fr) | 2009-01-26 | 2009-01-26 | Procédé et système pour éviter une collision frontale dans un véhicule automobile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2211322A1 true EP2211322A1 (fr) | 2010-07-28 |
| EP2211322B1 EP2211322B1 (fr) | 2016-11-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09151294.7A Active EP2211322B1 (fr) | 2009-01-26 | 2009-01-26 | Procédé et système pour éviter une collision frontale dans un véhicule automobile |
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| EP (1) | EP2211322B1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011064039A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Procédé d'avertissement concernant l'existence d'un objet dans l'environnement d'un véhicule et système d'aide à la conduite |
| JP2014093039A (ja) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 衝突回避支援装置及び衝突回避支援方法 |
| CN104380362A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-02-25 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 车辆用警告装置 |
| JP2017102666A (ja) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 経路生成装置、自動走行制御システム |
| CN109917783A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 驾驶辅助装置 |
| CN111179635A (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-19 | 三星电子株式会社 | 控制自动车辆的驾驶系统和防止在交叉位置碰撞的方法 |
| CN113386738A (zh) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-14 | 奥迪股份公司 | 风险预警系统、方法和存储介质 |
| CN116168565A (zh) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-05-26 | 香港生产力促进局 | 防撞预警系统和方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060282218A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle travel safety apparatus |
| DE102007015032A1 (de) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-01-10 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Bewertung der Kritikalität einer Verkehrssituation und Vorrichtung zur Kollisionsvermeidung oder Kollisionsfolgenminderung |
| EP2001003A1 (fr) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-10 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Procédé et système d'évitement de collision embarqué |
| US20080306666A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method and apparatus for rear cross traffic collision avoidance |
-
2009
- 2009-01-26 EP EP09151294.7A patent/EP2211322B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060282218A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle travel safety apparatus |
| DE102007015032A1 (de) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-01-10 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Bewertung der Kritikalität einer Verkehrssituation und Vorrichtung zur Kollisionsvermeidung oder Kollisionsfolgenminderung |
| EP2001003A1 (fr) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-10 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Procédé et système d'évitement de collision embarqué |
| US20080306666A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method and apparatus for rear cross traffic collision avoidance |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011064039A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Procédé d'avertissement concernant l'existence d'un objet dans l'environnement d'un véhicule et système d'aide à la conduite |
| CN104380362A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-02-25 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 车辆用警告装置 |
| JP2014093039A (ja) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 衝突回避支援装置及び衝突回避支援方法 |
| JP2017102666A (ja) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 経路生成装置、自動走行制御システム |
| CN109917783A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 驾驶辅助装置 |
| CN111179635A (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-19 | 三星电子株式会社 | 控制自动车辆的驾驶系统和防止在交叉位置碰撞的方法 |
| US11474536B2 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2022-10-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Driving system for controlling an autonomous vehicle and method of preventing collision at crossing position |
| CN111179635B (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-02-24 | 三星电子株式会社 | 控制自动车辆的驾驶系统和防止在交叉位置碰撞的方法 |
| CN113386738A (zh) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-14 | 奥迪股份公司 | 风险预警系统、方法和存储介质 |
| CN116168565A (zh) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-05-26 | 香港生产力促进局 | 防撞预警系统和方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2211322B1 (fr) | 2016-11-16 |
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