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EP2196295A1 - Wood, method and devices for its manufacture - Google Patents

Wood, method and devices for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2196295A1
EP2196295A1 EP08170751A EP08170751A EP2196295A1 EP 2196295 A1 EP2196295 A1 EP 2196295A1 EP 08170751 A EP08170751 A EP 08170751A EP 08170751 A EP08170751 A EP 08170751A EP 2196295 A1 EP2196295 A1 EP 2196295A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
temperature
range
treatment
treated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP08170751A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lothar Clauder
Klaus Dreiner
Heinz Frommhold
Ronny Syben
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fachhochschule Eberswalde
Original Assignee
Fachhochschule Eberswalde
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fachhochschule Eberswalde filed Critical Fachhochschule Eberswalde
Priority to EP08170751A priority Critical patent/EP2196295A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2009/066400 priority patent/WO2010063822A1/en
Priority to DE112009003678T priority patent/DE112009003678A5/en
Priority to DE200920018842 priority patent/DE202009018842U1/en
Publication of EP2196295A1 publication Critical patent/EP2196295A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
    • B27K5/009—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C using a well-defined temperature schedule
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wood and a method and an apparatus for its production. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of the wood.
  • a variety of species of tropical regions have advantages over domestic woods, they usually have greater hardness, bulk density, durability, abrasion resistance, fungal and insect resistance. The depletion of tropical forests and the associated decline in this resource are forcing the search for alternatives.
  • Thermally treated (modified) wood is wood that has been treated at temperatures above 160 ° C and sometimes high pressures, resulting in a permanent change in the properties of the wood across the entire wood cross section.
  • the heat treatment to a change in the chemical composition of the wood and to a degradation of hemicellulose and ⁇ -cellulose, an expulsion of resins, a reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups and an increase in the relative lignin content.
  • the pH of the thermally treated wood is lower than that of untreated wood due to the resulting organic acids.
  • wood preservatives are known methods in which the durability of a wood is increased by wood preservatives.
  • the wood preservatives are introduced by brushing, spraying or pressing by means of pressure on or in the wood.
  • a disadvantage of these methods is the Cost and time required for refreshing the protective measure in intervals.
  • the wood preservatives can reach the soil uncontrollably during use by washing out. The disposal required after use is equally critical.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a thermally treated wood (thermowood), which can be produced regardless of the type of wood in a reproducible product quality.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a wood obtained by treating wood in two or more steps at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures in the first step in the range of 20 to 150 ° C and in the second Step in the range of more than 150 ° C is available.
  • a pressure increase by the expansion of the gas at elevated temperature during the heat treatment of the wood is thereby avoided by a pressure equalization.
  • the inert gas is preferably selected from nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) or mixtures thereof. Due to the heat treatment under inert gas, wood is obtained in a consistent quality.
  • the inert gas is used to increase the presence of oxygen as a reactant in chemical decomposition processes (heat treatment) to reduce.
  • heat treatment chemical decomposition processes
  • wood preservatives can be dispensed with, which preserves the environmental friendliness of the wood.
  • the wood is treated by raising the temperature to a temperature in the range of 80 to 120 ° C in the first step, holding this temperature for 5 to 40 hours, especially for 5 to 15 hours, and then the Temperature further increased. During the dwell time the wood is warmed up and the remaining wood moisture escapes.
  • the wood is treated in the second step with temperatures in the range of 160 to 200 ° C. In this temperature range, the heat treatment of the wood takes place.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a method for producing the wood according to the invention, in which wood in two or more steps at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa in an inert gas atmosphere with temperatures in the first step in the range of 20 to 150 ° C and treated in the second step in the range of more than 150 ° C.
  • the inertization takes place only above a temperature of about 105 ° C.
  • the method according to the invention also has the advantage of achieving thermally modified woods in reproducible product quality by adapting the process parameters (temperature / time) to the type of wood and the desired end product.
  • the inert gas is preferably selected from nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or a mixture thereof.
  • the inerting of the atmosphere for example by nitrogen or noble gases, allows the wood exposed to the heat treatment to have a homogeneous quality with uniform properties over the entire cross-section.
  • the temperature is raised in the first step to a temperature in the range of 80 to 120 ° C, this temperature is maintained for 5 to 40 hours, especially for 5 to 15 hours, then the temperature is further increased. The temperature is increased so far that the heat treatment of the wood to be treated is started.
  • the heat treatment of the wood is carried out at temperatures in the range of 140 to 260 ° C, preferably treating the wood in the second step with temperatures in the range of 160 to 200 ° C.
  • the duration of the heat treatment depends on the type of wood and the strength of the wood and can therefore be made variable.
  • the heat treatment of the wood is carried out for 55 to 75 hours (first and second steps).
  • the treatment of the wood at temperatures above 150 ° C (heat treatment in the second step), however, takes place only for a period of about 5 to 30 hours, especially for a period of 15 to 25 hours.
  • the treatment room is preferably generated before the treatment of the wood, a negative pressure and then filled the treatment room with the inert gas. Initially, the air in the treatment room is extracted. The inert gas is then introduced into the vacuum formed in this way.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out under atmospheric pressure. This allows, in contrast to known methods, a controlled, constant process flow which requires no pressure increase.
  • a gas flow is preferably produced during the treatment around the wood to be treated.
  • the treatment room has a blower.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a device consisting of a gas-tight treatment room, the at least one opening for introducing the wood into the treatment room, at least one closable opening for the supply or discharge of gases, at least one heat source with temperature controller and a pressure relief valve having.
  • the opening for the discharge of gases is connected to a vacuum pump, with which one pumps off the air located in the treatment chamber before the treatment of the wood. By pumping the air out of the treatment room, the pressure in the treatment room is reduced. The negative pressure generated in this way is used to direct the inert gas through the supply line into the treatment room.
  • the pressure relief valve serves to keep the (normal) pressure prevailing in the treatment chamber constant despite temperature changes.
  • the device comprises a fan for generating a gas flow around the wood to be treated. This serves to preserve the homogeneity of the heat treatment process.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a use of the wood according to the invention for the production of furniture, wood paneling, floors, doors or windows.
  • the wood according to the invention or the thermally modified wood produced by the process according to the invention, is suitable for outdoor use, since the durability is increased by the process, without the use of additives, and thus the positive characteristics of products made from wood.
  • the wood according to the invention has an increased resistance to pest infestation. Therefore, the wood according to the invention is particularly suitable as a substitute for tropical woods in outdoor areas, such as in window construction or terrace decks and garden furniture and noise barriers.
  • the desired homogeneous darker coloration of the entire treated wood cross-section allows a wide range of processing and application possibilities in furniture and interior design.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the method for producing the wood according to the invention.
  • the wood 1 to be treated is located in a treatment space 2 and is surrounded by heated, circulating inert gas (represented by the arrow). Before the heat treatment of the wood 1, a vacuum V is generated in the treatment space 2. Subsequently, the treatment chamber 2 is filled with an inert gas (protective gas) S.
  • inert gas protective gas
  • the heat treatment takes place in a gas-tight treatment space 2.
  • a gas-tight treatment space 2 Any conceivable container suitable for receiving the wood 1 to be treated and having sufficient stability to withstand the pressure changes resulting from the application of a vacuum can be used as the treatment space 2.
  • the container used for the heat treatment is evacuated before the start of the process by means of a vacuum pump.
  • a slight negative pressure of approximately 100 hPa (0.1 bar) is sufficient to fill the volume of the container with nitrogen (N 2 ) to approximately atmospheric pressure (1013.25 hPa).
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • the progressive increase in temperature during the process and the associated expansion of the gas in the atmosphere of the container is continuously adjusted by means of a pressure relief valve to normal pressure.
  • the FIG. 2 shows the temperature profile (temperature [° C] as a function of time) in the reactor (process example 190 ° C).
  • the three curves shown here represent the middle area (A), the surface (B) and the core (C) of the wood.
  • the wood is dried by means of technical drying to an average timber balance of approx. 10%.
  • the heat treatment of the wood starts at room temperature.
  • the temperature value is continuously increased with a heating rate depending on the material type and material thickness (T1-T2).
  • T1-T2 material type and material thickness
  • T2-T3 Holding time
  • the temperature is raised (T3-T4) and kept in a high-temperature phase (T4-T5).
  • the difference between the temperature values on the surface and in the core of the wood is kept substantially constant in the heating phases. With an approximately linear course of the two temperature curves and a maximum value for the temperature difference between surface and core, the quality of the end product can be granted.
  • the process of the invention results in consistent, i. reproducible results in the treatment of the inhomogeneous material wood. Compared with known methods, it is possible with the inventive method to produce thermally treated wood, which has almost identical properties over the entire cross section. Unwanted negative results, such as the loss of strength, occur only to a limited extent due to the method of production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The wood (1) is treated at a temperature in the range of 20 to 150 degree Celsius at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hectopascals in an atmosphere of inert gas (S) for 5 to 40 hours. The wood is further treated at a temperature in the range of more than 150 degree Celsius at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hectopascals in the inert gas atmosphere. The inert gas is selected from one of nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide, and exhibits temperature higher and/or lower than inner temperature at a time point of a pulse. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for producing a thermally treated wood (2) a device for implementing a method for producing a thermally treated wood.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Holz sowie ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Verwendung des Holzes.The invention relates to a wood and a method and an apparatus for its production. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of the wood.

Eine Vielzahl der Holzarten tropischer Regionen weisen gegenüber den heimischen Hölzern Vorteile auf, so besitzen sie in der Regel eine größere Härte, Rohdichte, Dauerhaftigkeit, Abriebfestigkeit, Pilz- und Insektenresistenz. Der Abbau der Tropenwälder und der damit verbundene Rückgang dieser Ressource zwingen zur Findung von Alternativen.A variety of species of tropical regions have advantages over domestic woods, they usually have greater hardness, bulk density, durability, abrasion resistance, fungal and insect resistance. The depletion of tropical forests and the associated decline in this resource are forcing the search for alternatives.

Thermisch behandeltes (modifiziertes) Holz ist Holz, das bei Temperaturen von über 160 °C und teilweise hohen Drücken behandelt wurde, was zu einer dauerhaften Änderung der Eigenschaften des Holzes über den gesamten Holzquerschnitt führt. Die Hitzebehandlung zu einer Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Holzes und zu einem Abbau von Hemicellulose und α-Cellulose, einer Austreibung von Harzen, einer Reduzierung der Anzahl der Hydroxylgruppen und einer Erhöhung des relativen Ligninanteils.Thermally treated (modified) wood is wood that has been treated at temperatures above 160 ° C and sometimes high pressures, resulting in a permanent change in the properties of the wood across the entire wood cross section. The heat treatment to a change in the chemical composition of the wood and to a degradation of hemicellulose and α-cellulose, an expulsion of resins, a reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups and an increase in the relative lignin content.

Der pH-Wert des thermisch behandelten Holzes ist aufgrund der entstehenden organischen Säuren geringer als der von unbehandeltem Holz.The pH of the thermally treated wood is lower than that of untreated wood due to the resulting organic acids.

Bekannt sind Verfahren, bei denen die Dauerhaftigkeit eines Holzes durch Holzschutzmittel erhöht wird. Die Holzschutzmittel werden dabei durch Streichen, Sprühen oder Einpressen mittels Druck auf oder in das Holz eingebracht. Ein Nachteil dieser Verfahren ist der Kosten- und Zeitaufwand für die in Intervallen nötige Auffrischung der Schutzmaßnahme. Hinzu kommt, dass die Holzschutzmittel während der Verwendung durch Auswaschen unkontrolliert in den Boden gelangen können. Die nach der Verwendung erforderliche Entsorgung ist ebenso kritisch zu bewerten.Are known methods in which the durability of a wood is increased by wood preservatives. The wood preservatives are introduced by brushing, spraying or pressing by means of pressure on or in the wood. A disadvantage of these methods is the Cost and time required for refreshing the protective measure in intervals. In addition, the wood preservatives can reach the soil uncontrollably during use by washing out. The disposal required after use is equally critical.

Es existieren bereits verschiedene Verfahren zur thermischen Modifikation von Holz ( DE 695 01 588 T2 , DE 698 00 790 T2 ). Nachteil der bisher bekannten Verfahren sind die in Abhängigkeit von der Holzart und je nach Art des Verfahrens erzielten unterschiedlichen Produktqualitäten.There are already various methods for the thermal modification of wood ( DE 695 01 588 T2 . DE 698 00 790 T2 ). Disadvantage of the previously known methods are the different product qualities achieved depending on the type of wood and depending on the type of process.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein thermisch behandeltes Holz (Thermoholz) bereitzustellen, das unabhängig von der Holzart in einer reproduzierbaren Produktqualität herstellbar ist.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a thermally treated wood (thermowood), which can be produced regardless of the type of wood in a reproducible product quality.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch ein Holz gelöst, welches durch Behandeln von Holz in zwei oder mehr Schritten bei einem Druck im Bereich von 860 bis 1090 hPa in einer Inertgasatmosphäre bei Temperaturen im ersten Schritt im Bereich von 20 bis 150 °C und im zweiten Schritt im Bereich von mehr als 150 °C erhältlich ist. Ein Druckanstieg durch die Ausdehnung des Gases bei erhöhter Temperatur während der Wärmebehandlung des Holzes wird dabei durch einen Druckausgleich vermieden.The object of the present invention is achieved by a wood obtained by treating wood in two or more steps at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures in the first step in the range of 20 to 150 ° C and in the second Step in the range of more than 150 ° C is available. A pressure increase by the expansion of the gas at elevated temperature during the heat treatment of the wood is thereby avoided by a pressure equalization.

Bevorzugt ist das Inertgas ausgewählt aus Stickstoff, Argon, Neon, Helium, Kohlendioxid (CO2), Lachgas (N2O) oder aus deren Mischungen. Durch die Wärmebehandlung unter Inertgas, erhält man Holz in einer gleich bleibenden Qualität. Das Inertgas wird verwendet, um die Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff als Reaktionspartner bei chemischen Zersetzungsprozessen (Hitzebehandlung) zu reduzieren. Zudem kann auf den Einsatz von Holzschutzmitteln verzichtet werden, wodurch die Umweltfreundlichkeit des Holzes erhalten bleibt.The inert gas is preferably selected from nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) or mixtures thereof. Due to the heat treatment under inert gas, wood is obtained in a consistent quality. The inert gas is used to increase the presence of oxygen as a reactant in chemical decomposition processes (heat treatment) to reduce. In addition, the use of wood preservatives can be dispensed with, which preserves the environmental friendliness of the wood.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung behandelt man das Holz, indem man im ersten Schritt die Temperatur auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 80 bis 120 °C erhöht, diese Temperatur für 5 bis 40 Stunden, insbesondere für 5 bis 15 Stunden, hält und anschließend die Temperatur weiter erhöht. Während der Haltezeit wird das Holz durchwärmt und die restliche Holzfeuchte entweicht.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wood is treated by raising the temperature to a temperature in the range of 80 to 120 ° C in the first step, holding this temperature for 5 to 40 hours, especially for 5 to 15 hours, and then the Temperature further increased. During the dwell time the wood is warmed up and the remaining wood moisture escapes.

Anschließend wird die Temperatur erhöht, so dass die Hitzebehandlung des Holzes beginnen kann. Dies geschieht in einem zweiten Schritt.Then the temperature is raised so that the heat treatment of the wood can begin. This happens in a second step.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung behandelt man das Holz im zweiten Schritt mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 160 bis 200 °C. In diesem Temperaturbereich findet die Hitzebehandlung des Holzes statt.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the wood is treated in the second step with temperatures in the range of 160 to 200 ° C. In this temperature range, the heat treatment of the wood takes place.

Des Weiteren wird die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Holzes gelöst, bei dem man Holz in zwei oder mehr Schritten bei einem Druck im Bereich von 860 bis 1090 hPa in einer Inertgas-Atmosphäre mit Temperaturen im ersten Schritt im Bereich von 20 bis 150 °C und im zweiten Schritt im Bereich von mehr als 150 °C behandelt.Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by a method for producing the wood according to the invention, in which wood in two or more steps at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa in an inert gas atmosphere with temperatures in the first step in the range of 20 to 150 ° C and treated in the second step in the range of more than 150 ° C.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung findet die Inertisierung erst ab einer Temperatur von über 105 °C statt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the inertization takes place only above a temperature of about 105 ° C.

Mit thermischen Modifikationsverfahren können bei diversen Nadel- und Laubhölzern positive Änderungen der Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu deren naturbelassenen Zuständen erzeugt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist zudem den Vorteil auf, dass man thermisch modifizierte Hölzer in reproduzierbarer Produktqualität durch Anpassung der Prozessparameter (Temperatur/Zeit) an die Holzart und das gewünschte Endprodukt erzielt.With thermal modification methods, positive changes in the properties of various conifers and deciduous trees can be generated in comparison to their natural states. The method according to the invention also has the advantage of achieving thermally modified woods in reproducible product quality by adapting the process parameters (temperature / time) to the type of wood and the desired end product.

Das Inertgas wählt man vorzugsweise aus Stickstoff, Argon, Neon, Helium, Kohlendioxid, Lachgas oder deren Mischung aus. Die Inertisierung der Atmosphäre, beispielsweise durch Stickstoff oder Edelgase, ermöglicht es, dass das der Wärmebehandlung ausgesetzte Holz eine homogene Qualität mit gleichmäßigen Eigenschaften über den gesamten Querschnitt aufweist.The inert gas is preferably selected from nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or a mixture thereof. The inerting of the atmosphere, for example by nitrogen or noble gases, allows the wood exposed to the heat treatment to have a homogeneous quality with uniform properties over the entire cross-section.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erhöht man die Temperatur im ersten Schritt auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 80 bis 120 °C, diese Temperatur hält man für 5 bis 40 Stunden, insbesondere für 5 bis 15 Stunden, anschließend erhöht man die Temperatur weiter. Die Temperatur wird dabei soweit erhöht, dass die Hitzebehandlung des zu behandelnden Holzes gestartet wird.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature is raised in the first step to a temperature in the range of 80 to 120 ° C, this temperature is maintained for 5 to 40 hours, especially for 5 to 15 hours, then the temperature is further increased. The temperature is increased so far that the heat treatment of the wood to be treated is started.

Die Wärmebehandlung des Holzes führt man bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 140 bis 260 °C durch, vorzugsweise behandelt man das Holz im zweiten Schritt mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 160 bis 200 °C.The heat treatment of the wood is carried out at temperatures in the range of 140 to 260 ° C, preferably treating the wood in the second step with temperatures in the range of 160 to 200 ° C.

Die Dauer der Wärmebehandlung ist abhängig von der Holzart und der Stärke des Holzes und kann dementsprechend variabel gestaltet werden.The duration of the heat treatment depends on the type of wood and the strength of the wood and can therefore be made variable.

Vorzugsweise führt man die Wärmebehandlung des Holzes für 55 bis 75 Stunden durch (erster und zweiter Schritt). Die Behandlung des Holzes bei Temperaturen über 150 °C (Hitzebehandlung im zweiten Schritt) erfolgt jedoch nur für einen Zeitraum von ungefähr 5 bis 30 Stunden, insbesondere für einen Zeitraum von 15 bis 25 Stunden.Preferably, the heat treatment of the wood is carried out for 55 to 75 hours (first and second steps). The treatment of the wood at temperatures above 150 ° C (heat treatment in the second step), however, takes place only for a period of about 5 to 30 hours, especially for a period of 15 to 25 hours.

Vorzugsweise regelt man den Druck in dem Behandlungsraum mittels eines Überdruckventils. Der Druck im Behandlungsraum sollte im Bereich von 860 bis 1090 hPa liegen, dies entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Normaldruck (1013,25 hPa = 1,01325 bar).Preferably, one regulates the pressure in the treatment room by means of a pressure relief valve. The pressure in the treatment room should be in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa, which corresponds essentially to the normal pressure (1013.25 hPa = 1.01325 bar).

In dem Behandlungsraum erzeugt man vorzugsweise vor der Behandlung des Holzes einen Unterdruck und befüllt anschließend den Behandlungsraum mit dem Inertgas. Dabei wird zunächst die sich in dem Behandlungsraum befindliche Luft herausgezogen. In das auf diese Weise entstandene Vakuum wird dann das Inertgas eingeleitet.In the treatment room is preferably generated before the treatment of the wood, a negative pressure and then filled the treatment room with the inert gas. Initially, the air in the treatment room is extracted. The inert gas is then introduced into the vacuum formed in this way.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt man unter Normaldruck durch. Dies ermöglicht, im Gegensatz zu bekannten Verfahren, einen kontrollierten, konstanten Prozessablauf der keine Druckerhöhung erfordert.The process according to the invention is carried out under atmospheric pressure. This allows, in contrast to known methods, a controlled, constant process flow which requires no pressure increase.

Während der Abkühlungsphase tritt Luft aus der Atmosphäre durch das Überdruckventil in den Behandlungsraum ein, so dass kein erneuter Unterdruck im Behandlungsraum entsteht.During the cooling phase, air from the atmosphere enters the treatment room through the pressure relief valve, so that no repressurization occurs in the treatment space.

Damit das zu behandelnde Holz einer gleichmäßigen Wärmebehandlung ausgesetzt wird, erzeugt man vorzugsweise während der Behandlung eine Gasströmung um das zu behandelnde Holz. Hierzu weist der Behandlungsraum ein Gebläse auf.In order for the wood to be treated to be exposed to a uniform heat treatment, a gas flow is preferably produced during the treatment around the wood to be treated. For this purpose, the treatment room has a blower.

Des Weiteren wird die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung durch eine Vorrichtung bestehend aus einem gasdichten Behandlungsraum gelöst, der mindestens eine Öffnung zum Einbringen des Holzes in den Behandlungsraum, mindestens eine verschließbare Öffnung zur Zu- oder Ableitung von Gasen, mindestens eine Wärmequelle mit Temperaturregler und ein Überdruckventil aufweist. Die Öffnung zur Ableitung von Gasen ist mit einer Vakuumpumpe verbunden, mit der man die sich im Behandlungsraum befindliche Luft vor der Behandlung des Holzes abpumpt. Durch das Abpumpen der Luft aus dem Behandlungsraum wird der Druck in dem Behandlungsraum vermindert. Den auf diese Weise erzeugten Unterdruck nutzt man, um das Inertgas durch die Zuleitung in den Behandlungsraum zu leiten.Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by a device consisting of a gas-tight treatment room, the at least one opening for introducing the wood into the treatment room, at least one closable opening for the supply or discharge of gases, at least one heat source with temperature controller and a pressure relief valve having. The opening for the discharge of gases is connected to a vacuum pump, with which one pumps off the air located in the treatment chamber before the treatment of the wood. By pumping the air out of the treatment room, the pressure in the treatment room is reduced. The negative pressure generated in this way is used to direct the inert gas through the supply line into the treatment room.

Wie oben bereits erwähnt, dient das Überdruckventil dazu, den in dem Behandlungsraum herrschenden (Normal-)Druck trotz Temperaturveränderungen konstant zu halten.As already mentioned above, the pressure relief valve serves to keep the (normal) pressure prevailing in the treatment chamber constant despite temperature changes.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Vorrichtung ein Gebläse zur Erzeugung einer Gasströmung um das zu behandelnde Holz auf. Dies dient dazu, die Homogenität des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses zu bewahren.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a fan for generating a gas flow around the wood to be treated. This serves to preserve the homogeneity of the heat treatment process.

Weiterhin wird die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung durch eine Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Holzes zur Herstellung von Möbeln, Holzvertäfelungen, Fußböden, Türen oder Fenstern gelöst.Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by a use of the wood according to the invention for the production of furniture, wood paneling, floors, doors or windows.

Das erfindungsgemäße Holz, beziehungsweise dass durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellte thermisch modifizierte Holz, eignet sich zum Einsatz im Außenbereich, da die Dauerhaftigkeit durch das Verfahren, ohne Einsatz von Zusatzmitteln, erhöht wird und somit die positiven Eigenschaften der aus dem Holz hergestellten Produkte verbessert werden.The wood according to the invention, or the thermally modified wood produced by the process according to the invention, is suitable for outdoor use, since the durability is increased by the process, without the use of additives, and thus the positive characteristics of products made from wood.

Neben verminderten Schwind- und Quellungseigenschaften, besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Holz eine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber Schädlingsbefall. Daher eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Holz insbesondere als Substitut von Tropenhölzern im Außenbereich, wie zum Beispiel im Fensterbau oder bei Terrassendecks und Gartenmöbeln sowie bei Lärmschutzwänden.In addition to reduced shrinkage and swelling properties, the wood according to the invention has an increased resistance to pest infestation. Therefore, the wood according to the invention is particularly suitable as a substitute for tropical woods in outdoor areas, such as in window construction or terrace decks and garden furniture and noise barriers.

Zudem ermöglicht die angestrebte homogene dunklere Färbung des gesamten behandelten Holzquerschnitts eine große Bandbreite von Verarbeitungs- und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im Möbel- und Innenausbau.In addition, the desired homogeneous darker coloration of the entire treated wood cross-section allows a wide range of processing and application possibilities in furniture and interior design.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren und Beispielen näher beschrieben. Im Einzelnen zeigt

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und
Figur 2
den Temperaturverlauf im Behandlungsraum während des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses.
In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to figures and examples. In detail shows
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of the method according to the invention and
FIG. 2
the temperature profile in the treatment room during the heat treatment process.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Holzes.The FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the method for producing the wood according to the invention.

Das zu behandelnde Holz 1 befindet sich in einem Behandlungsraum 2 und wird von erwärmtem, zirkulierendem Inertgas umströmt (dargestellt durch den Pfeil). Vor der Wärmebehandlung des Holzes 1 wird in dem Behandlungsraum 2 ein Vakuum V erzeugt. Anschließend wird der Behandlungsraum 2 mit einem Inertgas (Schutzgas) S befüllt.The wood 1 to be treated is located in a treatment space 2 and is surrounded by heated, circulating inert gas (represented by the arrow). Before the heat treatment of the wood 1, a vacuum V is generated in the treatment space 2. Subsequently, the treatment chamber 2 is filled with an inert gas (protective gas) S.

Beispiel:Example:

Die Wärmebehandlung findet in einem gasdichten Behandlungsraum 2 statt. Als Behandlungsraum 2 kann jeder denkbare Behälter verwendet werden, der geeignet ist das zu behandelnde Holz 1 aufzunehmen und der eine genügende Stabilität aufweist, um die durch das Anlegen eines Vakuums entstehenden Druckveränderungen auszuhalten.The heat treatment takes place in a gas-tight treatment space 2. Any conceivable container suitable for receiving the wood 1 to be treated and having sufficient stability to withstand the pressure changes resulting from the application of a vacuum can be used as the treatment space 2.

Der zur Wärmebehandlung verwendete Behälter wird vor Prozessbeginn mittels einer Vakuumpumpe evakuiert. Ein geringer Unterdruck von ungefähr 100 hPa (0,1 bar) ist dabei ausreichend, um das Volumen des Behälters bis ungefähr auf Normaldruck (1013,25 hPa) mit Stickstoff (N2) zu befüllen. Die bei laufendem Prozess fortschreitende Erhöhung der Temperatur und damit verbundene Ausdehnung des Gases in der Atmosphäre des Behälters wird mittels eines Überdruckventils dem Normaldruck stetig angepasst.The container used for the heat treatment is evacuated before the start of the process by means of a vacuum pump. A slight negative pressure of approximately 100 hPa (0.1 bar) is sufficient to fill the volume of the container with nitrogen (N 2 ) to approximately atmospheric pressure (1013.25 hPa). The progressive increase in temperature during the process and the associated expansion of the gas in the atmosphere of the container is continuously adjusted by means of a pressure relief valve to normal pressure.

Die Figur 2 zeigt den Temperaturverlauf (Temperatur [°C] in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit) im Reaktor (Prozessbeispiel 190 °C). Die drei eingezeichneten Kurven stehen dabei für den mittleren Bereich (A), die Oberfläche (B) und den Kern (C) des Holzes.The FIG. 2 shows the temperature profile (temperature [° C] as a function of time) in the reactor (process example 190 ° C). The three curves shown here represent the middle area (A), the surface (B) and the core (C) of the wood.

WärmebehandlungsprozessHeat treatment process

Vor Prozessbeginn wird das Holz mittels technischer Trocknung auf eine durchschnittliche Holzausgleichfeuchte von ca. 10 % getrocknet.Before the start of the process, the wood is dried by means of technical drying to an average timber balance of approx. 10%.

Erster Schritt:First step:

Die Wärmebehandlung des Holzes beginnt bei Raumtemperatur. Der Temperaturwert wird mit einer von der Materialart und Materialstärke abhängigen Aufheizrate kontinuierlich erhöht (T1-T2). In einer sich anschließenden Haltezeit (T2-T3) wird das Holz durchwärmt und die restliche Holzfeuchte entweicht.The heat treatment of the wood starts at room temperature. The temperature value is continuously increased with a heating rate depending on the material type and material thickness (T1-T2). In a subsequent Holding time (T2-T3), the wood is warmed through and the remaining wood moisture escapes.

Zweiter Schritt:Second step:

Entsprechend der gewünschten Änderungen im Holz wird die Temperatur erhöht (T3-T4) und in einer Hochtemperaturphase gehalten (T4-T5).According to the desired changes in the wood, the temperature is raised (T3-T4) and kept in a high-temperature phase (T4-T5).

Anschließend wird die Temperatur abgesenkt (T5-T6) und der Prozess ist nach der Abkühlungsphase beendet.Then the temperature is lowered (T5-T6) and the process is finished after the cooling down phase.

Die Differenz der Temperaturwerte an der Oberfläche und im Kern des Holzes wird in den Aufheizphasen im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten. Bei annähernd linearem Verlauf der beiden Temperaturkurven und einem Maximalwert für die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Oberfläche und Kern kann die Qualität des Endproduktes gewährt werden.The difference between the temperature values on the surface and in the core of the wood is kept substantially constant in the heating phases. With an approximately linear course of the two temperature curves and a maximum value for the temperature difference between surface and core, the quality of the end product can be granted.

Vergleich der ProduktqualitätComparison of product quality

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt zu gleich bleibenden, d.h. reproduzierbaren Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung des inhomogenen Werkstoffs Holz. Verglichen mit bekannten Verfahren, ist es mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren möglich, thermisch behandeltes Holz herzustellen, das über den gesamten Querschnitt nahezu identische Eigenschaften aufweist. Ungewünschte negative Ergebnisse, wie der Verlust an Festigkeit treten aufgrund der Herstellungsweise nur in begrenztem Umfang auf.The process of the invention results in consistent, i. reproducible results in the treatment of the inhomogeneous material wood. Compared with known methods, it is possible with the inventive method to produce thermally treated wood, which has almost identical properties over the entire cross section. Unwanted negative results, such as the loss of strength, occur only to a limited extent due to the method of production.

Claims (15)

Holz, erhältlich durch Behandeln von Holz in zwei oder mehr Schritten bei einem Druck im Bereich von 860 bis 1090 hPa in einer Inertgasatmosphäre bei Temperaturen
im ersten Schritt im Bereich von 20 bis 150 °C und
im zweiten Schritt im Bereich von mehr als 150 °C.Wood obtainable by treating wood in two or more steps at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures
in the first step in the range of 20 to 150 ° C and
in the second step in the range of more than 150 ° C. Holz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Inertgas ausgewählt ist aus Stickstoff, Argon, Neon, Helium, Kohlendioxid, Lachgas oder aus deren Mischungen.Wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the inert gas is selected from nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or mixtures thereof. Holz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Holz behandelt, indem man im ersten Schritt die Temperatur
auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 80 bis 120 °C erhöht,
diese Temperatur für 5 bis 40 Stunden hält und
anschließend die Temperatur weiter erhöht.Wood according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wood is treated by the temperature in the first step
increased to a temperature in the range of 80 to 120 ° C,
keeps this temperature for 5 to 40 hours and
then the temperature further increased. Holz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Holz im zweiten Schritt mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 160 bis 200 °C behandelt.Wood according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wood is treated in the second step with temperatures in the range of 160 to 200 ° C. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holz gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei man Holz in zwei oder mehr Schritten bei einem Druck im Bereich von 860 bis 1090 hPa in einer Inertgasatmosphäre mit Temperaturen
im ersten Schritt im Bereich von 20 bis 150 °C und
im zweiten Schritt im Bereich von mehr als 150 °C behandelt.A process for producing wood according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein wood is obtained in two or more steps at a pressure in the range of 860 to 1090 hPa in an inert gas atmosphere with temperatures
in the first step in the range of 20 to 150 ° C and
in the second step in the range of more than 150 ° C treated. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Inertgas auswählt aus Stickstoff, Argon, Neon, Helium, Kohlendioxid, Lachgas oder deren Mischung.A method according to claim 5, characterized in that one selects the inert gas from nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or a mixture thereof. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Temperatur im ersten Schritt auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 80 bis 120 °C erhöht, diese Temperatur für 5 bis 40 Stunden hält und anschließend die Temperatur weiter erhöht.A method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the temperature is raised in the first step to a temperature in the range of 80 to 120 ° C, holding this temperature for 5 to 40 hours and then further increases the temperature. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Holz im zweiten Schritt mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 160 bis 200 °C behandelt.Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that treating the wood in the second step at temperatures in the range of 160 to 200 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Behandlung des Holzes für 55 bis 75 Stunden durchführt.Method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the treatment of the wood is carried out for 55 to 75 hours. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den Druck in dem Behandlungsraum mittels eines Überdruckventils regelt.Method according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that regulating the pressure in the treatment chamber by means of a pressure relief valve. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man in dem Behandlungsraum, vor der Behandlung des Holzes, einen Unterdruck erzeugt und anschließend den Behandlungsraum mit dem Inertgas befüllt.Method according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that in the treatment room, before the treatment of the wood, generates a negative pressure and then filled the treatment room with the inert gas. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man während der Behandlung eine Gasströmung um das zu behandelnde Holz erzeugt.Method according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that during the treatment generates a gas flow around the wood to be treated. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung aus einem gasdichten Behandlungsraum besteht, der
mindestens eine Öffnung zum Einbringen des Holzes in den Behandlungsraum,
mindestens eine verschließbare Öffnung zur Zu- oder Ableitung von Gasen,
eine Wärmequelle mit Temperaturregler und
ein Überdruckventil aufweist.Device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the device consists of a gastight treatment chamber, the
at least one opening for introducing the wood into the treatment room,
at least one closable opening for the supply or discharge of gases,
a heat source with temperature control and
having a pressure relief valve. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung ein Gebläse zur Erzeugung einer Gasströmung um das zu behandelnde Holz aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the device comprises a fan for generating a gas flow around the wood to be treated. Verwendung des Holzes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung von Möbeln, Holzvertäfelungen, Fußböden, Türen, Fenstern und Lärmschutzwänden.Use of the wood according to one of claims 1 to 4 for the production of furniture, wood paneling, floors, doors, windows and noise barriers.
EP08170751A 2008-12-04 2008-12-04 Wood, method and devices for its manufacture Withdrawn EP2196295A1 (en)

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PCT/EP2009/066400 WO2010063822A1 (en) 2008-12-04 2009-12-04 Wood and method and device for the manufacture thereof
DE112009003678T DE112009003678A5 (en) 2008-12-04 2009-12-04 Wood and methods and apparatus for its manufacture
DE200920018842 DE202009018842U1 (en) 2008-12-04 2009-12-04 Wood and devices for its manufacture

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CN115179382A (en) * 2022-06-15 2022-10-14 江西诺文斯家具有限公司 Moisture-proof furniture and manufacturing process thereof
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CN102225566A (en) * 2011-04-22 2011-10-26 周彩球 High-temperature thermal treatment timber production method
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