EP2186958A2 - Insulation element - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement has a rear ventilation unit (4) e.g. extension, at a lower surface of an insulation element (1) and/or insulating surface (15) for rear ventilation and/or removal of water vapor from a region between a wall (13) i.e. outer wall, and the insulating surface. A condensate converter (25) between the insulation surface and the wall converts condensation and/or wall moisture into water vapor. The converter sucks water from a completely moistened masonry, guides the water and/or the water vapor through plaster thickness and delivers the water and/or the vapor to the surrounding. The rear ventilation unit e.g. ridge and recess, is provided at the lower surface of the insulation element and/or insulating surface.

Description

The invention relates to a Dämmanordnung comprising a wall, such as an outer wall, and arranged on this wall continuous, closed insulating surface formed of a plurality of interconnected via their end faces insulating elements made of a foamed material or foam.

The thermal insulation of buildings to save heating energy has always been a concern and a problem at the same time. For this reason, a large number of different insulation systems has been designed with an equally large number of different insulation materials.

It is basically possible to distinguish between an external insulation, an internal insulation and a core insulation, with the provision of insulation in the professional world having the reputation of being less problematic than internal insulation. In the case of internal insulation there is a risk of condensation forming moisture as soon as the dew point moves inwards. If condensation occurs on the cold inner wall, mold may form in this area. This problem can usually be countered by using expensive vapor-permeable and capillary-active insulating materials. Alternatively, it is also possible to install internal vapor barriers to prevent moisture from the room air penetrates into the construction or behind the insulation and condenses on the cold wall. However, such vapor barriers must be carried out very carefully and seal airtight, and are very susceptible to leaks or subsequent damage.

Regardless of where the moisture comes from, that is, whether the moisture comes from the room air or passes through a moist masonry inside, it is important that the thermal insulation structure must be designed so that more moisture must be derived from the wall area, as replenished becomes. In general, the moisture is dissipated by a lying between the wall and the insulation ventilation system. A known from the prior art, internal insulation construction thus provides a rule before abutting the inner wall slat construction, wherein the slats are spaced apart and form cavities for the rear ventilation. On this slat construction, the insulation boards are then placed and attached to it. At the same time one can Thermal insulation and a rear ventilation or the removal of the water vapor-enriched air can be achieved.

Various materials for insulation are also known from the prior art, for example mineral or organic fiber materials, organic or inorganic foams, porous materials in general and systems for vacuum thermal insulation, for example so-called vacuum insulation panels or vacuum insulation panels. In principle, the heat transport or the heat conduction essentially takes place through the mechanisms of heat conduction, thermal radiation and convection. With every insulation material, the aim is to reduce these components in order to increase the insulating effect. For example, the heat conduction through the solid can be reduced by using suitable materials or increased porosities and the heat radiation can be reduced by reflecting or absorbing elements. The convection or the heat conduction via the contained gas can be reduced very effectively by the provision of a vacuum.

Most of these known components, it is common that they are usually flat on both sides and thus can be used only for mounting on an already prefabricated ventilation structure or on an outer wall. This in turn makes the construction of an entire insulation construction time consuming and tedious.

In addition, in practice, especially in the renovation of old buildings, there is the problem of how to remove moisture that has already entered the wall. This can be both the drying of permanently moistened masonry, as occurs in buildings where there is always a high level of moisture content in their rooms, such as bathrooms, breweries and the like, or masonry that is damp due to rising capillary moisture from the building foundation. which is often the case, especially in old buildings.

If such wall parts are provided with conventional plaster, although the surface is sealed against this moisture, but then this moisture remains in the wall and "works" there on.

From the state of the art, various plasters, so-called condensate conversion plasters, with special properties are known which are suitable for sucking water from the thoroughly moistened masonry and for conducting this water or the resulting water vapor rapidly through the plaster thickness and delivering it to the environment on the outside , so that the wall surface is always dry.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an easy-to-install Dämmanordnung that bears the above-mentioned difficulties and eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and can be effectively insulated with the above all damp walls.

This object is achieved in that provided on or in one of the wall facing bottom surface of each Dämmelements or the Dämmfläche rear-ventilating means to allow venting or removal of water vapor from the area between the wall and the insulating surface, wherein between the insulating surface and the wall is provided a known condensate converter in the form of a layer of diffusion-open and / or hydrophilic plaster, which converts out of the wall condensation and / or wall moisture into water vapor and releases it as water vapor and which is suitable to absorb water from moistened masonry and To direct this water or the resulting water vapor through the plaster thickness and deliver it to the environment, so that the surface is always dry.

In this way, an effective ventilation to enable a constant air circulation and thus a vapor pressure release or for the removal of water vapor or moisture from the sensitive area behind the insulation elements or behind the insulating surface is created.

Such Dämmanordnung comes, as noted, without a separate ventilation structure, but the insulation elements are mounted directly on the wall or the special plaster. The Dämmanordnung invention is thus very easy and quick to build.

If the wall to be insulated is damp or everywhere where high wall moisture prevails due to condensation or hygroscopy and insulation from the outside is not expedient, it is advantageous if between the insulating surface and the wall of the known condensate converter or a plaster layer is provided from diffusion-open hydrophilic plaster, which sucks in the emerging from the wall condensation and / or wall moisture and then converted into water vapor and releases. In this way, not only is it insulated, but at the same time the wall is effectively dehumidified. The condensate converter render and the back ventilation means interact in a particularly advantageous manner and complement each other synergistically. The combined use of the specially designed insulation elements and the condensate converter plaster can also be used to effectively insulate particularly delicate and damp walls.

The insulating elements forming the insulating surface can be easily and easily transported, stored, mounted and loaded due to their low weight. Furthermore, such insulation elements can be very thin and space-saving due to the high thermal insulation values. Due to the direct arrangement of the rear ventilation means on the back or lower surface of each insulating element and the tedious and time-consuming construction of a separate ventilation structure can be omitted entirely. In addition, the entire insulation construction becomes thinner and more valuable space is gained, which is highly relevant in particular for interior insulation.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized by the features of the dependent claims:

According to an advantageous embodiment of the Dämmanordnung is provided that the rear ventilation means are integrally formed or milled in the lower surface of each Dämmelements. In this way results in a very weight and space-saving design with full preservation of ventilation properties.

It is advantageously provided that at least one, preferably a plurality of, channels are formed or milled into the lower surface of each insulating element or the insulating surface, each individual channel being open on both sides, and opening into different, preferably mutually opposite, side surfaces. The formation of easy-to-produce ventilation channels has the advantage that a well-defined way for the withdrawal of moist air is given and the moisture can be effectively sucked.

In an advantageously ventilated Dämmanordnung is provided that the rear ventilation means or channels are each aligned with the rear ventilation means or channels of the respective adjacent insulating elements or fluidly connected, whereby on the underside of the insulating surface, a branched network is formed.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous if two groups of straight channels are formed, wherein the channels of each group are parallel to each other and are arranged at right angles to the channels of the other group, whereby a rectangular grid-like ventilation network is formed. Such a regular grid system is easy and inexpensive to manufacture, ensures a uniform concern each insulating element or the insulating surface on the wall and ensures that the channels of adjacent insulation elements are always aligned with each other and no dead ends are formed.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that each insulating element is solid or consists of foamed material through and through, as well as homogeneous and uniform. In this way, appropriate insulation elements can be produced and processed inexpensively. Also, the structural integrity and stability of such insulation ducks is relatively high.

According to an alternative embodiment it can be provided that the insulating element is designed in the form of an envelope wall, which surrounds at least one evacuated, in particular in the fine vacuum range between 10 ^-3 and 1 mbar evacuated, cavity. Such an insulating element can thus be easily and easily transported, stored, mounted and loaded due to the low weight. Furthermore, such insulation elements can also be very thin and space-saving due to the high thermal insulation values.

According to an advantageous development of this Dämmelements is provided that the cavity is substantially empty or free of an additional insulating material or a foamed fine-pored materials. Such an insulating element is lighter and by the vacuum even more effective than an insulating element filled with foam, since the heat conduction over the material of the foam matrix is eliminated. Advantageous negative pressures begin at about <1 mbar.

To reinforce may be provided in such a hollow insulating element that in the Hüllwandung, in particular on the underside opposite the inside, protruding into the cavity reinforcing ribs are formed or that the inside is curved or dome-shaped curved. As a result, the insulating element becomes stable and can also be used for use as a floor tile or for the insulation of floors in the basement area.

This insulating element can advantageously be formed either in one piece or in one piece by blow molding or be composed of at least two partial elements. Depending on the material, this results in a favorable manufacturing process.

If this insulating element is gas-tight and evacuated, then it is more susceptible to damage, but cheaper to produce. If the insulating element has a valve, it can subsequently be ventilated or evacuated, whereby the flexibility is increased.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if each insulating element is one-piece or one-piece and recess-free. This also increases its stability, especially during storage and production and assembly. In addition, the production of such insulation elements is cheaper.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if each insulating element or the foamed material or the foam tight against the entrance, the passage and the diffusion of Liquids and gases, in particular of water and water vapor, or is absolutely impermeable to vapor and water.

In this connection, it is also advantageous if it is provided that the foamed material or the foam of each insulating element is closed-cell, has no capillarity and / or water absorption. In this way, no water or moisture can accumulate or rise in the interior of the insulating element.

In order to further increase the insulating effect, it is advantageous if it is provided that in the cells of the foamed material or the foam is a relation to the ambient pressure reduced pressure, especially in the fine vacuum range between 10 ^-3 and 1 mbar.

In order to meet all current standards, it can be provided that each insulating element or the foamed material of Dämmelements is non-combustible, resistant to chemical influences, in particular acid-resistant and / or resistant to environmental influences, against insects and small animal feed.

An effective thermal insulation is achieved in that each insulating element is heat-insulating with a coefficient of thermal conductivity λ <0.06 W / K * m.

Advantageously, a rigid foam or semi-rigid foam is used as the foam. In particular, the foam is a foam plastic, preferably polyurethane or polystyrene, for example XPS or EPS, or a foam concrete.

Particularly preferred is foam glass, which is very well suited even under extreme conditions due to its high pressure resistance, its virtually no water absorption and its vapor-tightness. Foam glass is highly heat-insulating, waterproof, pressure-resistant, vapor-tight, dimensionally stable, non-flammable, acid-resistant, pest-proof, easy to process and easy to recycle.

According to an advantageous embodiment it can be provided that means for reducing the thermal radiation through each insulating element, in particular at least one metallic foil or vapor-deposited coating, are provided. This serves to reduce the heat radiation and to increase the insulating effect. The films or coatings are preferably arranged on the lower surface of each Dämmelements, but may also be arranged in the cavity, preferably spaced from each other at both opposite inner surfaces of the cavity.

In order to ensure a connection of the individual insulating elements together and to accelerate the assembly and facilitate, it can be provided that the Insulation element via corresponding connecting means, for example via a tongue and groove system or a step system for, preferably air and / or moisture-tight, connection with other similar insulating elements to form the flat closed insulating surface has, wherein the means are preferably integrally formed in the end faces ,

A preferred embodiment results when each insulating element is plate-shaped, preferably substantially cuboidal, flat or curved, in particular with a maximum thickness of 5 cm, preferably about 1 to 3 cm, and / or that on the, the lower surface opposite surface of the Dämmelements a decorative layer od. Like. Applied is. Such insulation elements are easy stackable and storable and can also have aesthetic effects.

It is preferred if on the lower surface of each Dämmelements, in particular on the projecting or raised surfaces of the rear ventilation means, plug means for mounting the Dämmelements are arranged on corresponding arranged in or on the wall receiving means. The receiving means may be a wall-mounted or partially recessed in the wall, cast in finished receiving grid, with which the plug-in means are brought into operative connection. For example, the plug-in means may be formed as protruding nubs with an enlarged head, which are inserted into a corresponding fit against each other, molded into the wall recesses fit fit and positive fit.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the edges of the protruding or raised surfaces of the ventilating means are chamfered, whereby excessive and laterally bulging adhesive is buffered and the channels remain free.

An advantageous condensate converter render is composed of sand, scrap glass and / or decontaminated household waste slag, cements and an additive containing surfactants and plastics, ground or crushed according to a specified grading curve.

A particularly effective condensate converter has the following parameters: air pore content:> 35%, porosity:> 40% by volume, capillary water absorption:> 0.5 kg / m ² , water penetration depth:> 5 mm, compressive strength: 1.5-5 N / mm ² , vapor diffusion resistance: μ <12, grain size: 0 - 6 mm, preferably 0 - 2 mm, density: <1.4 kg / dm ³ .

The unusually good value with an average bulk density of the plaster of about 1.5 g / cm ³ reveals that the diffusion passage resistance is far better than with known plasters.

By using such a condensate converter in combination with the special insulation boards, an unexpectedly effective thermal insulation can be achieved with effective removal of the moisture at the same time.

According to an advantageous embodiment of a Dämmanordnung in which the above-mentioned insulating elements are used with cavity, it can be provided that on the side facing away from the wall of the insulating surface a continuous, closed functional surface formed of a plurality of each other via their side surfaces, in particular air and / or moisture-proof, connected functional elements arranged, in particular glued, is. Such a functional surface provides additional heat and sound insulation.

In this context, it is advantageous to provide that the individual functional elements are identical to the insulating elements with cavity, with the difference that the functional elements are filled with air or not evacuated. The provision of such non-evacuated functional elements also serves to protect the evacuated insulation panels. For example, nails or screws can be introduced into the functional elements, without affecting the functionality of the thermal insulation of the overall construction. In particular, this is required for vertical walls in the living area, where pictures or similar decorative elements are hung.

Such a Dämmanordnung is advantageously arranged so that the functional surface or the individual functional elements with respect to the insulating surface is oriented such that the connecting lines or grooves between the individual elements of the respective surface are not superimposed, in particular offset from each other at maximum or in the plane are maximally laterally spaced from each other. In this way, the heat conduction is further reduced and the thermal bridges or the passage points of cool air are reduced or extended the ways.

The insulating surface can, if desired and required with a functional coating e.g. be covered with a carpet, a wallpaper or a bitumen layer for the roof insulation.

It is advantageous for a simple and rapid installation, when the insulation elements are assembled to the insulating surface, on one side or laminated on a flexible, rollable film web.

It is advantageous that the channels remain permanently free and can ensure a gas or vapor exchange. A blockage by concrete, plaster od. Like. Should be avoided, otherwise their functionality of the rear ventilation would be impaired.

So that the moist air can be effectively removed from the wall, it is advantageous if edge strips or breathers made of a gas-permeable material and / or in the form of an exhaust duct are arranged on the side edges and / or inside the insulating surface, wherein the rear ventilation means or channels enter into these deaerators.

Further advantages or advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the following drawings and the description.

• Fig. 1 zeigt ein Dämmelement mit stumpfen Kanten.
• Fig. 2 zeigt das Dämmelement von unten.
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Dämmanordnung
• Fig. 4 zeigt den Effekt einer erfindungsgemäßen Dämmanordnung
• Fig. 5 zeigt eine gedämmte Wand im Querschnitt samt Effekten
• Fig. 6 zeigt vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Dämmanordnung
  Die folgenden Fig. 7 bis 16 betreffend allesamt Dämmelemente mit Hohlraum bzw. daraus gebildete Dämmanordnungen.
• Fig. 7 zeigt ein alternatives Dämmelement mit Hohlraum ohne Ventil.
• Fig. 8 zeigt ein Dämmelement mit Hohlraum mit Ventil.
• Fig. 9 zeigt ein kuppelförmig verstärktes Dämmelement mit Hohlraum.
• Fig. 10 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Dämmelements mit Hohlraum.
• Fig. 11 zeigt eine Dämmanordnung mit Dämmelementen mit Hohlraum mit einer Funktionsfläche.
• Fig. 12 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform von Fig. 11.
• Fig. 13a zeigt den Einsatz am Dach bei einem Neubau.
• Fig. 13b zeigt den Einsatz am Dach bei einem Altbau.
• Fig. 14 zeigt den Effekt einer Dämmanordnung.
• Fig. 15 zeigt eine gedämmte Wand im Querschnitt.
• Fig. 16 zeigt die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten.

In the drawings, by way of example and not limitation, particularly advantageous embodiments of an insulating element or the Dämmanordnung invention are shown.

• Fig. 1 shows a Dämmelement with blunt edges.
• Fig. 2 shows the insulation element from below.
• Fig. 3 shows a Dämmanordnung invention
• Fig. 4 shows the effect of a Dämmanordnung invention
• Fig. 5 shows an insulated wall in cross-section with effects
• Fig. 6 shows a variety of uses of Dämmaordnung
  The following Fig. 7 to 16 concerning all insulating elements with cavity or formed therefrom Dämmanordnungen.
• Fig. 7 shows an alternative insulating element with cavity without valve.
• Fig. 8 shows an insulating element with cavity with valve.
• Fig. 9 shows a dome-shaped reinforced insulating element with cavity.
• Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of a Dämmelements with cavity.
• Fig. 11 shows a Dämmanordnung with insulating elements with cavity with a functional surface.
• Fig. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of Fig. 11 ,
• Fig. 13a shows the use on the roof in a new building.
• Fig. 13b shows the use on the roof of an old building.
• Fig. 14 shows the effect of a damping arrangement.
• Fig. 15 shows an insulated wall in cross section.
• Fig. 16 shows the variety of uses.

Fig. 1 shows an insulating element 1 in cross section. The insulating element 1 is solid and consists through and out of foamed material or foam, which is homogeneously and uniformly distributed. Alternatively, it is also possible, an insulating element. 1 to design integral foam, the density decreases continuously from the outside in and the insulating element 1 has a porous core and a nearly massive edge zone.

The illustrated insulating element 1 is in one piece or in one piece and has no continuous recesses or blind holes.

The insulating element 1 is substantially plate-shaped or cuboid, wherein the size may vary. As a rule, these are easy-to-handle tiles, plates, panels or bricks. The thickness of an insulating element 1 is in the range of about 1 to 3 cm with a maximum thickness of about 5 cm. In essence, the insulating element 1 is flat, but alternatively it can also be curved in order to adapt to a curvy course of the wall.

This in Fig. 1 shown insulating element 1 is made entirely of foam glass or glass foam. Alternatively, other foams, in particular hard foams, can be used. Polymer foams, in particular thermosetting or thermoplastic foams, for example XPS or EPS, are also suitable.

Glass foam panels are usually produced in a strand process, wherein the glass foam strand is cooled in a cooling system slowly and stress-free to room temperature. Glass foam panels are usually made entirely of recycled glass and can be recycled as well. They have a high compressive strength, whereby any compressive stresses can be absorbed almost without compression. In addition, they have a low density and are therefore lightweight and therefore very suitable for construction. The glass foam used is closed cell, i. The walls between the individual cells are completely closed, making the insulation boards 1 waterproof and also frost resistant. In addition, the insulating elements 1 have no capillarity. The insulating elements 1 of glass foam are chemically resistant, resistant to aging and also resistant to insects. In addition, they are not flammable and are classified in the building material class A1 and odorless.

Furthermore, such insulating elements 1 made of glass foam are absolutely gas-tight and do not allow passage of gas. In addition, they have high thermal insulation properties with a thermal conductivity coefficient of about 0.03 - 0.06 W / K * m. These thermal insulation properties are also due to the negative pressure present in the cells, which can form during the cooling of the still hot material.

The high vapor-tightness and the high watertightness make such insulation elements made of glass foam thus ideally suited for the present purpose.

As a rule, such insulating elements 1 are used made of glass foam without coating, but for better protection may also be provided special coatings or protective coatings.

The insulating element 1 has a flat outer surface 6, which is usually facing the viewer and the underlying wall or wall 13 is turned away. On the opposite side of the insulating element 1 is the lower surface 3, which is facing in the assembly of the wall 13. On or in this lower surface 3 rear ventilation means 4 are provided, which enable and effect a ventilation or venting or removal of water vapor with correct installation. The back ventilation means 4 are integrally formed in the lower surface 3 by making the lower surface 3 profiled accordingly or by, e.g. by machining, the channels 4 are subsequently worked into the lower surface 3 or milled into it.

The edges of the protruding or raised surfaces 4 'of the rear ventilation means 4 and the channels 4 are chamfered, whereby a depot of excess adhesive is formed.

In Fig. 2 the insulation element 1 is shown from below. In the lower surface 3 facing the wall 13 in use, a grid-like, regular ventilation network of elevations 4 'and channels 4 is formed, in which a larger number of channels 4 intersect each other. The channels 4 are perpendicular to each other, whereby a corresponding regular pattern is drawn on the lower surface 3. Remain from the lower surface 3 projecting squares or rectangles 4 ', which are finally applied to the wall 13 or on a particular plaster or glued to it.

The height of the channels 4 is usually not more than 5 mm, whereby no convection can take place in this area. The cross section of the channels 4 may be rectangular or curved. It is essential that the channels 4 remain permanently free and can ensure a gas or vapor exchange. A blockage by concrete, plaster od. Like. Should be avoided, otherwise their functionality of the rear ventilation would be eliminated.

Alternatively, the rear ventilation system can be formed by other channel guides, for example by the formation of knobs or projections on the lower surface. 3

However, it is always advantageous for the rear ventilation when the channels 4 are open on both sides and dead ends are avoided as possible, such as in Fig. 2 shown. In addition, it is advantageous if the channels 4, as in the present embodiment, each open into opposite end faces 9 and thus extend over the entire length or width of the insulating element 1. In this way, an effective removal of any accumulating moisture can be accomplished.

On the insulating element 1, in particular on the lower surface 3, not shown here, also means for reducing the heat radiation can be arranged. First and foremost, metallic foils and / or vapor-deposited metallic coatings are possible which can reflect and / or absorb the infrared radiation. By this additional insulating effect, the insulating element 1 is increased in its effectiveness, at the same time an extension of the life of the vacuum is achieved.

In the insulating elements 1, in the end faces 9, not shown here, connecting means 11 may be formed, which make it possible to assemble together a plurality of insulating elements 1 via corresponding connecting means 11 and connect to an insulating surface 15. Thus, interlocking tongue and groove systems can be formed, which ensure an actual mating and enable a floating construction or a composite. Alternatively, at least partially circumferential Stufenfalze be provided which extend the gas passageway through the groove. The insulating element 1 according to Fig. 1 and 2 has however blunt edge surfaces. In any case, it is advantageous if the connecting means 11 are integrally and integrally formed in the insulating element 1, since this is easier to manufacture.

In Fig. 3 an insulation assembly according to the invention is shown, in which the individual insulating elements 1 are mounted on a wall 13 to be insulated. The individual insulating elements 1 form a continuous closed insulating surface 15, which is gas and moisture-proof. The insulating surface 15 is created from a plurality of composite in two dimensions with each other via their end faces 9 or touching contiguous insulating elements 1. The lower surfaces 3 of the insulating elements 1 with the ventilation means or channels 4 are the wall 13th turned. The protruding areas 4 'form the direct contact with the wall 13 or with a plaster 25. In this way, a ventilation network 4, 4' for removing water vapor or moisture from this sensitive area between the wall 13 and the insulating surface 15 is formed. At the edges of the insulating surface 15, the moist air can escape via vent slots 27 or free edges.

When installing the insulating elements 1, care must be taken that the channels 4 remain permanently free and continuous. They must not be blocked by glue or penetrating concrete or plaster. This also helps to prevent the chamfered edges of the channels 4.

In practice, the individual insulating elements 1 of a Dämmanordnung be glued directly or directly to the wall 13 or mechanically fastened, the newly added Dämmelemente 1 via the connecting means 11 as close as possible and tight or form-fitting to each other or to the side surfaces 9 of the already mounted Damping elements 1 are adjusted, with due consideration of the thermal expansion. The surfaces of the protruding areas 4 'directly touch the wall 13 or are glued thereto. Such a system lends itself, for example, when a relatively dry wall 13 is to be insulated on the inside and should be dispensed with a vapor barrier against the room air. From the wall 13 itself no significant amount of water penetrates and the amount of moisture reaching the channels 4 via the room air is dissipated via the rear ventilation system. Such a system could also be used on a low-stress floor.

In the example according to Fig. 3 However, a damping arrangement according to the invention is shown, in which between the wall 13 and the insulating surface 15, a special plaster, namely a condensate converter 25, is arranged. Such a condensate converter 25 is known per se from the prior art.

It is essentially a diffusion-open, hydrophilic, capillary-active plaster with high porosity, which converts out of the wall 13 condensation and / or wall moisture in gaseous water vapor and then releases the moisture as gas. Such a condensate converter 25 is particularly recommended for damp or salt-laden masonry. From the insulating surface 15 facing surface of the condensate converter 25 thus exits gaseous water in the form of water vapor, which in turn can be dissipated through the ventilation ducts 4.

The condensate converter is composed of selected sands and / or waste glass and / or decontaminated household waste slag, ground or broken according to the specified grading curve, as well as of cement and of special additives which enhance its action. The condensate converter is based on a special micropore system, which is connected to a ultrafine capillary network. The surface is enlarged by approx. 40% micro pores in such a way that the accumulating humidity evaporates with enormous speed. Both capillary rising moisture, hygroscopic moisture (due to salt contamination) and condensate are removed.

The parameters of a well-acting condensate converter 25 are within the ranges given in the middle column of Table 1 below.

The parameters of a particularly preferred embodiment of a condensate converter 25 are given in the right-hand column of Table 1: Table 1: Features Condensate converter Properties of the condensate converter 25 Ranges or limits preferred embodiment Slump (consistency) 16.5 - 17.5 cm 17,5 cm Air content > 35% 40% Water retention <85% 60.80% Bulk density (wet) <1.4 kg / dm ³ 1,246 kg / dm ³ Bulk density (dry) <1.4 kg / dm ³ 1,165 kg / dm ³ Compressive strength 1.5-5 N / mm ² 1.99 N / mm ² Capillary water intake > 0.5 kg / m ³ 2.01 kg / m ³ water penetration > 5 mm 19 mm porosity > 40% 50.60% salt resistance no penetration no penetration Water vapor permeability <12 5.7 Thermal conductivity / dry - 0,328 W / m * K

The condensate converter can be used as a primer coat and is advantageously used in the renovation of damp masonry regardless of the level of moisture and salt content.

When using the condensate converter, the expert proceeds as follows: Application: On wet, salt-laden masonry (also stone or mixed masonry) inside, outside and in the basement. Not suitable for pressurized and seepage water. Especially suitable in the base area to avoid unwanted efflorescence through condensation.
Putzgrund: Completely knock off old plaster up to approx. 1m above the visible moisture limit, scratch out damp joints, clean masonry with steel brush.
Pretreatment: Pre-spray with condensate converter plaster in appropriate consistency (service life approx. 1 day).
Processing: In free-fall or compulsory mixer min. 12 min (max 15 min) mixing time. The plaster is fired on a well-wet ground with the trowel and pulled off with the lath from bottom to top (work on multiple layers with larger thicknesses). Keep plastered surfaces moist.
Processing time: approx. 1 hour at 20 ° C
Processing temperature: Not below 5 ° C air and component temperature
Water requirement: approx. 5,25 l per bag, for bonding plaster after half the mixing time add water as desired.
Thickness: Apply condensate converter at least 2 cm thick.

According to an examination according to ÖNORM B 3343 (February 1, 1997 issue), a particularly preferred embodiment of the condensate converter 25 has the following features and properties:

test results: 4.1 Testing the dry mortar 4.1.1 Bulk density

bulk density 1.525 kg / dm ³

4.1.2 Grain size distribution

mesh rest 0063 0,125 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 Sieve residue [%] 21.1 5.6 35.61 15.2 15.2 6.2 1/0 - Sieve passage [%] - 21.1 26.8 62.4 77.6 92.8 99.0 100.0

The grain distribution gave the following grading curve:

4.2 Testing the fresh mortar 4.2.1 Water claim and slump

water demand 15.5 M-% slump 175 mm

4.2.2 Fresh mortar density and air pore content

Fresh raw kg / dm ³ specimens 1,241 1-entrained air pot 1,246 Air content: 40%

4.2.3 Theoretical Wet Yield

Theoretical wet yield at a fresh bulk density of 1,246 kg / dm ³ : Theoretical wet yield 0.93 dm ³ / kg TM

4.2.4 Water retention capacity

suction time: 5 min. 1 piece of filter fleece Water retention: 60.8%

4.3 Testing the hardened mortar 4.3.1 Bulk density, flexural and compressive strength and strength ratio

Fresh raw density of the specimens 1,241 kg / dm ³ Sample No. test age
[D] density
[kg / m ³ ] flexural strength
[N / mm ² ] Compressive strength
[N / mm ² ] 1 1,160 0.89 1.91 2 28 1,172 1,165 0.97 0.95 2.08 1.99 3 1,162 1.00 1.98 strength ratio 2.09

4.3.2 Water vapor permeability

sample number 1 2 3 medium Average material thickness [mm] 25.4 25.0 25.3 25.2 Bulk density [kg / m ³ ] 1,140.3 1,169.7 1168.4 1,159.47 Water diffusion current density g [mg / m ² h] 10,169.2 10,490.7 9,419.3 10,026.4 Water vapor diffusion transmission coefficient W _c [mg / m ² h Pa] 5.09 5.28 4.67 5.01 Water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ [1] 5.6 5.4 6.1 5.7 water vapor diffusion equivalent air layer thickness s _d [m] 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

4.3.3 Heat capacity

Rehearse: Sample thickness [mm] 30.9 Bulk density, dry [kg / m ³ ] 1,141.6 Drying temperature [° C] 105 Moisture content during the test (Mean) [M-%] 0.13 The examination took place from 3 to 7 September 2001

Measured values:

After reaching the steady state the following mean value resulted: Mean temperature of the samples [° C] 10.0 Temperature difference between the hot and cold side sample surfaces [K] 10.3 Wärmeleitfählgkeit Measured value dry [W / mK] 0.328 Building material-specific thermal conductivity (25% surcharge) [W / mK] 0.41

4.3.4 Capillary water absorption and water penetration depth

mittlere Wassereindringung nach 24 h: 19 mm Water absorption in kg / m ² Time t Root from t Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 medium 10 min. 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.39 0.38 0.40 30 min. 0.71 0.75 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.78 1 h 1.00 1.01 1.18 1.09 1.05 1.08 6 h 2.45 1.74 2.00 1.87 1.71 1.83 24 hours 4.90 1.88 2.11 2.06 1.99 2.01 Water absorption coefficient after 24 h: 0.412 kg / (m ² √s)

average water penetration after 24 h: 19 mm

4.3.5 Porosity

sample number 1 2 3 medium Dimensions of the test specimen Diameter [mm] 90.8 91.1 91.1 91.0 Height [mm] 20.7 19.8 19.8 20.1 Volume [cm ³ ] 134.0 129.1 129.1 130.7 Mass of dry specimen [g] 152.82 147.93 147.93 149.56 Bulk density of dry specimen [kg / dm ³ ] 1,140 1,146 1,146 1,144 Density of isopropanol [kg / dm ³ ] 0.784 0.784 0.784 0.784 Mass of the test piece impregnated with isopropanol [g] 206.54 198.83 198.83 201.40 Mass of absorbed liquid [g] 53.72 50.90 50.90 51.84 Pore volume [%] 51.1 50.3 50.3 50.6

4.3.6 Salt penetration

No salt penetration was detected on the three rehabilitation plasterboard tested.

By means of such Dämmanordnung comprising the special insulation elements and the Kondensatumwandlerputz an external insulation can be omitted entirely. Furthermore, heating costs for the heating of the outer walls are saved and in the warmer seasons the temperature of the masonry rises in the condensation area, whereby less harmful condensate is formed.

The Dämmanordndung can for example be applied to a flat roof of a new building: On the wall 13 of the flat roof in the form of a concrete pavement a screed is applied. About the screed, the insulating surface 15 is laid, which in turn is covered by a functional coating 30 in the form of a waterproof roof seal. Both the insulating surface 15 and the functional coating 30 are pulled up to the edge regions of the roof and the insulating surface 15 also extends over the horizontal region of the outermost roof region up to the vertically sloping outer wall or up to full thermal protection. The moisture exits the ventilation channels 4 in the region of the outer wall and diffuses into the atmosphere.

Even with the renovation of a flat roof in an old building the Dämmanordnung invention is advantageously applicable. On the wall 13 in shape a concrete pavement is a vapor barrier applied. Furthermore, in old buildings above an old insulation and an old roof seal arranged. Holes are perforated into these old seals as well as into the vapor barrier to open the moisture trap between the vapor barrier and the other building layers and allow the moisture to escape. About the now perforated old seal the insulating elements 1 and a function pad 30 are applied in the usual way. This is the only way to dissipate the moisture escaping from the old insulation. The old damp insulation dries out completely in this way again. In order to accelerate the ventilation and dehumidification and to make more effective, however, additional ventilators are installed, by which the path of the circulating in the ventilation channels 4 moisture is abbreviated. The moisture can thus diffuse easier and faster into the atmosphere. For each 100 m ^{2 of} roof area, about a breather is needed.

The schematic representation according to Fig. 4 shows the effect of thermal insulation or the thermal conductivity or the heat transfer coefficient of a Dämmanordnung invention, wherein the wall 13 is a brick wall and the Dämmanordnung further comprises a Kondensatewandler 25 and an insulating surface 15. The U-value of such a damping arrangement is approximately 0.03 W / Km ² .

Fig. 5 shows the properties of a Dämmanordnung invention on the inside of a wall 13, in which also the rising from the bottom of cold in the wall 13 is taken into account. The Dämmanordnung further includes a Kondensatewandler 25 and an insulating surface 15 both on the ground and on the wall 13 itself. An outer insulation is not provided on the outside of the wall 13 is merely applied a conventional plaster.

Fig. 6 shows the different application variants of the insulating elements or the Dämmanordnung invention. The house shown here schematically in cross-section shows different Dämmvarianten or Dämmanordnungen on different walls and different floor surfaces or sectors. The representation in Fig. 6 is merely exemplary and serves to illustrate the different applications, which are summarized in a common drawing only for the sake of clarity.

Thus, the existing of the insulating elements 1 insulating surface 15 can be mounted as needed on the inner walls or on the floor or even on the outer walls. Visible is that not only interior or exterior walls, but Stairways, flat roofs, canal systems or pitched roofs with such an insulating surface 15 can be configured. Especially in old buildings between the wall 13 and the insulating surface 15, a condensate converter 25 is interposed.

The following Fig. 7 to 16 concerning all insulation elements 1 with cavity 2 or formed therefrom Dämmanordnungen.

FIGS. 7 to 10 show alternatively configured insulation elements 1 in cross section, wherein each insulating element 1 consist essentially of a relatively thin-walled profiled Hüllwandung 8, which is closed on all sides substantially and surrounds an evacuated or evacuated cavity 2. As in Fig. 7 can be seen, the evacuated cavity 2 is empty and not by an additional insulating material, for example, a foam od. Like., Filled. The vacuum extends into the fine vacuum range, ie, approximately between 10 ^-3 mbar and 1 mbar.

The insulation element 1 according to the invention is substantially plate-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped, wherein the size can vary. As a rule, these are easy-to-handle tiles, plates, panels or bricks. The thickness of an insulating element 1 is in the range of about 1 to 3 cm with a maximum thickness of about 5 cm. In essence, the insulating element 1 is flat, but alternatively it can also be curved in order to adapt to a curvy course of the wall.

The insulating element 1 has a flat outer surface 6, which is usually facing the viewer and the underlying wall 13 is turned away. On the opposite side of the insulating element 1 is the lower surface 3, which is facing in the assembly of the wall 13. On or in this lower surface 3 rear ventilation means 4 are provided, which enable and effect a ventilation or venting or removal of water vapor with correct installation. The rear ventilation means 4 are integrally formed in the lower surface 3 or formed by the lower surface 3 is designed profiled accordingly. In the lower surface 3, a grid-like ventilation network is formed in which a larger number of channels 4 intersect each other. The channels 4 are perpendicular to each other, whereby a corresponding regular pattern is drawn on the lower surface 3. Remain from the lower surface 3 projecting squares or rectangles, which ultimately abut the wall 13 and are glued thereto.

The height of the channels 4 is a maximum of 5 mm, whereby no convection can take place in this area.

Alternatively, the rear ventilation system can also be formed by other channel guides, for example by the formation of knobs or elevations the lower surface 3, but it is advantageous if the channels 4 are open on both sides and dead ends are avoided as possible. In addition, it is advantageous if the channels 4, as in the present embodiments, each open into opposite end faces 9 and thus extend over the entire length or width of the insulating element 1. In this way, an effective removal of any accumulating moisture can be accomplished.

The evacuation of the cavity 2 to coarse or fine vacuum can be accomplished by the manufacturer by the insulation elements 1 are already evacuated in the course of the manufacturing process or are already produced under vacuum. This can be controlled, for example, in a blow molding process in which the insulating elements 1 are produced in one piece. The insulating elements 1 shown in the drawings are essentially all formed in one piece or in one piece by blow molding. Alternatively, however, it can be provided that the insulating elements 1 be two-part or multi-part, by first the individual parts are produced, which are then, optionally combined under vacuum conditions, to the finished insulating element 1.

Alternatively, as in Fig. 8 is shown, an insulation element 1 also subsequently ie after completion evacuate by a valve 10 is installed. According to the embodiment of Fig. 8 there is a check valve 10 in the side wall or end face 9, whereby it is stored protected in the creation of a uniform insulating surface. In this way, an evacuated insulation element 1 can also be subsequently aerated again, without destroying the structural integrity, for example by tapping, etc. Such a ventilated insulating element 1 can be used as a functional element 1 ', as described later.

In the insulation elements 1 according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 10 are on the inner side 7, which is the lower surface 3 opposite, formed reinforcing ribs 5, which protrude inwardly into the cavity 2. These reinforcing ribs 5 serve to increase the structural integrity, in particular against treading loads, and make such an insulating element 1 also usable for the floor area.

An alternative embodiment is in Fig. 9 described, in which the cavity 2 is domed in the region of the treading load or the inner side 7 is curved and laterally reinforced material.

On the insulating element 1, in particular in the cavity 2 or on the lower surface 3, can, not shown here, means for reducing the heat radiation can be arranged. First and foremost, metallic foils and / or vapor-deposited metallic coatings are possible which can reflect and / or absorb the infrared radiation. By this additional insulating effect, the insulating element 1 in his Increased effectiveness, at the same time an extension of the life of the vacuum is achieved. The films or coatings are advantageously arranged on both opposite inner surfaces of the cavity 2. In order not to create any additional thermal bridges due to the highly thermally conductive coatings, the two coatings should not be adjacent to one another and should be spaced apart from one another.

The insulating elements 1, in the Fig. 7 to 16 are shown are preferably made of plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced thermosets, polyester or polyamides are used. On the one hand, insulating elements 1 made of plastic are easier to produce and, on the other hand, due to their low conductivity values, they offer an inherently higher insulating effect. Advantageously, these insulating elements 1 of the Fig. 7 to 16 or the Hüllwandungen 8 of the same foamed material, as previously in the Fig. 1 to 6 described insulating elements 1, namely of foamed material or foam, in particular made of foam glass.

In the insulating elements 9 connecting means 11 are formed in the end faces, which make it possible zusammenzustecken or connect together a plurality of insulating elements 1 via corresponding connecting means 11. In the Fig. 7 to 9 These are stepwise offset connecting means in the form of stepped rabbets, which extend the gas passageway through the groove. Alternatively, according to Fig. 10 also interlocking tongue-and-groove systems are designed to ensure an actual mating and allow a floating structure or a composite. In any case, it is advantageous if the insulating elements 1 are integrally and integrally formed in the Hüllwandung 8, since this is easier to manufacture.

With these insulating elements, a damping arrangement can be created in which the individual insulating elements 1 are mounted on a wall 13 to be insulated. The individual insulating elements 1 thereby form a continuous closed insulating surface 15, which is advantageously air and / or moisture-proof. The insulating surface 15 is created from a multiplicity of insulation elements 1 assembled in two dimensions with one another via their end surfaces 9. The lower surfaces 3 of the insulating elements 1 with the rear ventilation means or channels 4 are facing the wall 13. In this way, a ventilation network for the removal of water vapor or moisture from this sensitive area between wall 13 and insulating surface 15 is formed.

During assembly, the newly added Dämmelemente 1 via the connecting means 11 as close as possible and tight or positive fit to each other or adapted to the side surfaces 9 of the already mounted insulation elements 1, with due consideration of the thermal expansion.

In the Dämmanordnung invention according to Fig. 11 In addition to the insulating surface 15 formed from evacuated insulating elements 1, a further layer, specifically a functional surface 20, is provided. The functional surface 20 is formed as a continuous closed surface and is arranged or glued to the surface 6 of the insulating surface 15. The functional surface 20 consists of a multiplicity of functional elements 1 'connected to one another via their end surfaces 9'. The functional elements 1 'are constructed essentially identical to the insulating elements 1. The only difference between the insulating elements 1 and the functional elements 1 'is that the functional elements 1' are not evacuated and filled with air. Alternatively, the functional elements 1 'can also be filled with further insulating materials, whereby, for example, an additional protection against radiant heat can be created by using an absorbent insulating material.

How out Fig. 11 can be seen, the individual functional elements 1 'and the functional surface 20 are aligned with respect to the insulating surface 15 such that the connecting lines or grooves between the individual elements of the respective surface are not directly above the other, but are arranged offset to one another. It is particularly advantageous if the lateral distances are maximally offset from each other and the grooves are spaced as far as possible from each other, whereby the air path of the moist air penetrating through these gaps is maximally extended.

In the Dämmanordnung according to Fig. 11 is a functional coating 30 in the form of a continuous, possibly dense, carpet, anti-slip coating or parquet floor etc. placed on the functional surface 20.

Between the wall 13 and the insulating surface 15 of the previously described condensate converter 25 is arranged.

By means of such a system, an external insulation can be completely eliminated. Furthermore, heating costs for the heating of the outer walls are saved and in the warmer seasons the temperature of the masonry rises in the condensation area, whereby less harmful condensate is formed.

In Fig. 12 an alternative embodiment is shown, the basic structure of Fig. 11 maintains. The outer, the wall 13 averted surface of the functional surface 20 and the individual functional elements 1 'is perforated or has a plurality of regularly distributed through holes or openings 31. In addition, passage connections 32 are formed in the individual functional elements 1 'at their end faces or side surfaces 9', whereby between the individual functional elements 1 'of the functional surface 20, a gas exchange or passage is ensured. In this way, by blowing warm air into the functional surface 20, an air flow 33 can be generated which exits through the openings 31 (see arrow 33 in FIG Fig. 12 ). This allows the room temperature and humidity in the room to be regulated, for example when an air conditioning system is connected at low flow temperature.

In the insulation of a wall 13, it is advantageous for the rear ventilation if free marginal strips or venting devices 29 made of an air-permeable material or in the form of channels are incorporated on the side edges or in the interior of the insulating surface 15 and / or the functional surface 20. In these venting devices 29 open the venting channels 4, whereby the discharged moisture can escape and the rear ventilation is enabled. As a result, a good insulation effect is given, whereby a use as a bottom plate in the basement is possible.

Fig. 13a shows the possibility of using the insulating elements 1 with cavity on a flat roof of a new building. On the wall 13 of the flat roof in the form of a concrete ceiling screed is applied. About the screed, the insulating surface 15 is laid, which in turn is covered by a functional coating 30 in the form of a waterproof roof seal. Both the insulating surface 15 and the functional coating 30 are pulled up to the edge regions of the roof and the insulating surface 15 also extends over the horizontal region of the outermost roof region up to the vertically sloping outer wall or up to full thermal protection. The moisture exits the ventilation channels 4 in the region of the outer wall and diffuses into the atmosphere. The condensate converter 25 is not shown here.

Fig. 13b shows a renovation of a flat roof in an old building. On the wall 13 in the form of a concrete ceiling, a vapor barrier is applied. Furthermore, in old buildings above an old insulation and an old roof seal arranged. Holes are perforated into these old seals as well as into the vapor barrier to open the moisture trap between the vapor barrier and the other building layers and allow the moisture to escape. About the now perforated old seal the vacuum insulation elements 1 and a function coating 30 are applied in the usual way. This is the only way to dissipate the moisture escaping from the old insulation. The old damp insulation dries out completely in this way again. In order to accelerate the ventilation and dehumidification and to make more effective, however, additional ventilators 29 are installed, through which the Way of the circulating in the ventilation channels 4 moisture is abbreviated. The moisture can thus diffuse easier and faster into the atmosphere. For each 100 m ² roof area about a vent 29 is needed. The condensate converter 25 is not shown here.

Fig. 14 shows the effect of thermal insulation or the thermal conductivity or the heat transfer coefficient of a Dämmanordnung, wherein the wall 13 is a brick wall and the Dämmanordnung further includes a Kondensatewandler 25, an evacuated insulating surface 15 and a functional surface 20. The U-value of such a damping arrangement is approximately 0.02 W / Km ² .

Fig. 15 shows a Dämmanordnung on the inside of a wall 13, in which the rising from the bottom of cold in the wall 13 is taken into account. The Dämmanordnung further includes a Kondensatewandler 25, an evacuated insulating surface 15 and a function coating 30 both on the ground and on the wall 13 itself. An outer insulation is not provided on the outer wall is merely applied a conventional plaster.

Fig. 16 shows the different application variants of the invention Dämmelemente or Dämmanordnung. The house shown here schematically in cross-section shows different Dämmvarianten or Dämmanordnungen on different walls and different floor surfaces or sectors. The representation in Fig. 16 is merely exemplary and serves to illustrate the different applications, which are summarized in a common drawing only for the sake of clarity.

Thus, the existing of the evacuated insulation elements 1 insulating surface 15 can be mounted as needed on the inner walls or on the floor or even on the outer walls. It can be seen that not only interior or exterior walls, but also stairs, flat roofs, duct systems or pitched roofs can be configured with such an insulating surface 15. If necessary, especially in old buildings, between the wall 13 and the insulating surface 15, a condensate converter 25 may be interposed. The insulating surface 15 may at most be covered by functional surfaces 20 in the form of air-filled functional elements 1 ', which may also be mounted both inside and outside.

The individual insulating elements 1 and / or the functional elements 1 'can also be fastened on their upper side to a flexible film, e.g. be glued, optionally in already assembled configuration as insulating surface 15 or functional surface 20. As a result, these are arranged on a rollable matrix and can be quickly and easily, for example, for roof insulation, laid. In this context, it is advantageous if the connections between the individual insulating elements 1 are movable or the insulating elements 1 against each other from the plane of the insulating surface 15 are pivoted out.

Claims (15)

Dämmanordnung, comprising a wall or surface (13), for example, an outer wall, an inner wall, a bottom surface, a screed or a roof surface, and arranged on this wall (13) continuous, closed insulating surface (15) formed from a plurality of with each other via their end faces (9), in particular gas- and / or moisture-proof, connected insulating elements (1) of a foamed material or foam, characterized in that on or in one of the wall (13) facing lower surface (3) of each Dämmelements (1) or the insulating surface (15) rear ventilation means (4) are provided for allowing a rear ventilation or a discharge of water vapor from the area between the wall (13) and the insulating surface (15), wherein between the insulating surface (15) and the wall (13) a known Kondensatewandler (25) is provided in the form of a layer of diffusion-open and / or hydrophilic plaster, emerging from the wall (13) Condensation and / or wall moisture converted into water vapor and gives off as water vapor and sucks the water from moistened masonry and this water or the resulting water vapor passes through the plaster thickness and releases to the environment. Dämmanordnung according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear ventilation means (4), for example elevations, knobs, depressions, etc., integrally formed in the lower surface (3) of each Dämmelements (1), in particular worked into the insulating element (1), in particular milled, are. Damping arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the lower surface (3) each Dämmelements (1) at least one, preferably a plurality of channels (4) formed for ventilation, preferably incorporated or milled, wherein each of the channels (4 ) is open on both sides of the front side, and in particular in at least two different, preferably opposite, end faces (9) of each Dämmelements (1) opens,
and or
in that the rear ventilation means or channels (4) of each insulating element (1) are aligned or fluidly connected to the rear ventilation means or channels (4) of the respective adjacent insulating elements (1), wherein a branched network is formed on the underside of the insulating surface (5) is
and or
that in each insulating element (1) two groups of straight channels (4) are formed, the channels (4) each one group parallel to each other and are arranged to the channels (4) of the other group at right angles, whereby a rectangular, grid-like ventilation network is formed. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each insulating element (1) is solid or through and consists of a single material, and is homogeneous and uniform. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulating element (1) in the form of a Hüllwandung (8) is formed, which surrounds at least one evacuated, in particular in the fine vacuum range between 10 ^-3 and 1 mbar evacuated cavity (2) , wherein it is provided in particular
that the cavity (2) is substantially empty or free of additional insulating material or foamed microporous materials,
and or
reinforcing ribs (5) projecting into the cavity (2) are formed in the envelope wall (8), in particular on the inside (7) opposite the bottom surface (3), or in that the inside (7) is curved or domed;
and or
that the insulating element (1) is formed in one piece or in one piece by blow molding or is composed of at least two partial elements,
and or
in that a valve (10) for subsequent evacuation or ventilation is arranged in the insulating element (1), in particular in an end face (9). Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each insulating element (1) or the foamed material or the foam tightly against the entry, the passage and the diffusion of liquids and gases, in particular of water and water vapor, or is absolutely vapor and waterproof,
and or
that the foamed material or the foam of each insulating element (1) is closed-cell, has no capillarity and / or water absorption,
and or
that in the cells of the foamed material or of the foam there is a pressure reduced in relation to the ambient pressure, in particular in the fine vacuum range between 10 ^-3 and 1 mbar,
and or
that each insulating element (1) is heat-insulating with a thermal conductivity coefficient λ <0.06 W / K * m, preferably <0.03 W / K * m. Dämmanordnung according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each insulating element (1) is in one piece or in one piece and in particular free of recesses or through openings,
and or
that each insulating element (1) or the foamed material of each insulating element (1) is non-flammable, resistant to chemical influences, in particular acid-resistant and / or resistant to environmental influences, against insects and small animal feed,
and or
that the foamed material or the foam is a rigid foam or semi-rigid foam and / or that the foam is a foam plastic, preferably polyurethane or polystyrene, for example XPS or EPS, or a foam concrete or foam glass. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that means for reducing the heat radiation through each insulating element (1), in particular at least one metallic foil or vapor-deposited coating, are provided which preferably on the lower surface (3) and / or in the Cavity (2), preferably at both opposite inner surfaces (7) of the cavity (2) spaced from each other, are arranged
and or
in that each insulating element (1) is connected via connecting means (11), for example via a tongue-and-groove system or a shingling system, for connection to other similar insulating elements (1) forming the flat closed, preferably gas and / or moisture-proof insulating surface (11). 15), wherein the connecting means (11) are preferably formed integrally in the end faces (9)
and or
in that each insulating element (1) is plate-shaped, preferably essentially cuboid, planar or curved, in particular with a maximum thickness of 5 cm, preferably approximately 1 to 3 cm, and / or that on the surface (FIG. 6) of the Dämmelements (1) od a decorative layer. Like. Is applied. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the lower surface (3) of each Dämmelements (1), in particular on the projecting or raised surfaces of the rear ventilation means (4), plug-in means for mounting the Dämmelements (1) to corresponding, arranged in or on the wall (13) receiving means are arranged,
and or
in that the edges of the raised or raised surfaces (4 ') of the rear ventilation means (4) and of the channels (4) are chamfered or chamfered. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the condensate converter (25), after a specified slip line ground or crushed sands, glass and / or decontaminated household waste slag, cement and an additive containing surface-active agents and plastics composed is
and or
the condensate converter (25) has the following parameters: Air entrainment:> 35% Porosity:> 40 Vol% Capillary water absorption:> 0.5 kg / m ² Water penetration depth:> 5 mm Compressive strength: 1.5 to 5 N / mm ² Vapor diffusion resistance: μ <12 Grain size: 0 to 6 mm, preferably 0 to 4 mm, in particular 0 to 2 mm, Density: <1.4 kg / dm ³ . Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, when the insulating surface (15) is formed from evacuated insulating elements with cavity according to claim 5, on the wall (13) facing away from the evacuated insulating surface (15) a continuous, closed Functional surface (20) formed from a plurality of each other via the end surfaces (9 '), in particular air and / or moisture-tight, connected functional elements (1') arranged, in particular glued, is. Damping arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the individual functional elements (1 ') are constructed identically to the insulating elements (1) according to claim 5, with the difference that the functional elements (1') are filled with air or not evacuated,
and or
the functional surface (20) or the individual functional elements (1 ') is oriented with respect to the insulating surface (15) such that the connecting lines or grooves between the individual elements (1,1') of the respective surface (15,20) are not superimposed, in particular maximally offset from each other or are spaced laterally apart from one another in the surface plane,
and or
the inner spaces or cavities (2 ') of the individual functional elements (1') are in fluid communication with one another in the event of a gas exchange, in particular at the end faces or side surfaces (9 ') of the functional elements (1'), in each case through-connections (32). are formed, which correspond to each other in the form of composite to the functional surface (20), and that in the visible side or in the wall (13) facing away surface of the functional elements (1 ') and the functional surface (20) a number, in particular regularly distributed, openings (31) are formed for gas outlet. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that on the insulating surface (15) or the functional surface (20) a functional coating (30), for example a floor covering, is arranged,
and or
the insulation elements (1), assembled to the insulating surface (15), are fastened or laminated on one side on a flexible, rollable film web. Damping arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the insulating elements (1) or the insulating surface (15) is mounted in damp or moist walls on the building inside or an inner wall. Dämmanordnung according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rear ventilation means or channels (4) are permanently free and continuous and penetration of material, such as concrete or plaster, is avoided and ensure a ventilation or a gas flow,
and or
in that edge strips or deaerators made of a gas-permeable material and / or in the form of an exhaust air duct are arranged on the side edges and / or inside the insulating surface (15) or the functional surface (20), wherein the rear ventilation means (4) or channels (4) in these breather (29) open.

Images