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EP2178155B1 - Directional coupler with compensation of direction accuracy with target error adjustment - Google Patents

Directional coupler with compensation of direction accuracy with target error adjustment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2178155B1
EP2178155B1 EP09010935.6A EP09010935A EP2178155B1 EP 2178155 B1 EP2178155 B1 EP 2178155B1 EP 09010935 A EP09010935 A EP 09010935A EP 2178155 B1 EP2178155 B1 EP 2178155B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
terminal
directional coupler
signals
terminating impedance
signal
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2178155A1 (en
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Christoph Fluhrer
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Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
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Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional coupler for directional transmission of high-frequency signals.
  • a directivity of more than 30 dB can be achieved with conventional construction only with a three-layered or mechanically very complex structure or by an explicit optimization of the directivity of each directional coupler during manufacture.
  • JP 2008 219175 A shows a directional coupler whose isolation terminal is connected to a termination.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a directional coupler, which achieves a high level of quality with low production costs and small footprint.
  • a directional coupler has at least four terminals located at the ends of two closely spaced strip lines and a termination impedance.
  • the directional coupler is configured to couple signals from a first terminal to a third terminal with low attenuation, and to couple signals from a second terminal to the third terminal with very high attenuation.
  • the directional coupler is configured such that signals from the first port couple to a fourth port with very high attenuation and that signals from the second port couple to the fourth port with low attenuation.
  • the fourth connection is connected to the terminating impedance.
  • the termination impedance is dimensioned to cause a targeted mismatch of the fourth terminal and a reflection of a portion of a signal received at the fourth terminal.
  • the signal reflected at the fourth terminal and a signal applied to the third terminal interfere at least partially destructively.
  • the terminating impedance is dimensioned such that it causes a phase difference of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal with respect to the signal arriving at the third terminal of 180 °.
  • the terminating impedance is an ohmic resistance and an inductance and a capacitance. So is a very high directivity with low frequency selectivity and low Guaranteed production costs. Even a small footprint is the result.
  • the directional coupler includes at least two strip lines.
  • a first stripline preferably connects the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • a second stripline preferably connects the third terminal to the fourth terminal.
  • the two strip lines are preferably arranged in spatial proximity to one another. This makes it possible to use common directional couplers. Stripline directional couplers are also very easy to manufacture and only require a small footprint.
  • the terminating impedance is preferably dimensioned such that the amplitudes of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal and the signal arriving at the third terminal are substantially identical.
  • the directional coupler is advantageously constructed in such a way that signals coupled from the first terminal or the second terminal to the third terminal and to the fourth terminal are phase-shifted by a certain angle.
  • the terminating impedance can be selectively selected to make the phase difference of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal from the signal input at the third terminal to 180 °.
  • the directional coupler is preferably constructed in such a way that signals coupled from the first connection or the second connection to the third connection and to the fourth connection are phase-shifted by 180 °. That's one Setting the phase shift by the terminating impedance not necessary.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary directional coupler 1 is shown.
  • a first strip line 2 has the connections 10, 11.
  • a second strip line 3 has the connections 12, 13.
  • the two strip lines 2, 3 are arranged in a large spatial proximity on a substrate, not shown here.
  • signals couple to terminal 12 with low attenuation, and to terminal 13 with high attenuation.
  • Signals applied to terminal 11 couple with less Damping to port 13, and high damping to port 12.
  • a signal is applied to terminal 11.
  • the signal is applied to the first stripline 2 and couples to the second stripline 3. Since the terminals 12, 13 of the second stripline 3 are not terminated in this example, a significant portion of the signal coupled to the terminal 13 is reflected. This significantly deteriorates the directivity of the directional coupler. By an adapted termination on the terminal 13, this can be avoided to some extent. However, such a conclusion is frequency-selective, which causes a frequency dependence of the directivity.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the directional coupler according to the invention.
  • the directional coupler 30 shown here has the connections 10, 11, 12, 13.
  • the directional coupler according to the invention additionally includes a terminating impedance 20 connected to the connection 13.
  • the terminating impedance 20 is furthermore connected to a ground connection 21.
  • a conventional directional coupler 1 is used within the directional coupler 30 according to the invention. This can be both a stripline directional coupler, as in Fig. 1 represented, as well as any directional coupler be of a different design.
  • a pure ohmic resistance is connected as a terminating impedance 20 to the terminal 13.
  • the terminal 11 is selectively mismatched by the terminating impedance 20. This results in the reflection of a part of the signal applied to the terminal 13.
  • the terminating impedance 20 is selected such that the attenuation of the signal reflected at the terminal 13 corresponds to the attenuation of the signal coupled to the terminal 12. In this example, both attenuations are set to -35dB.
  • Phase difference is less than 180 °, so this phase difference must be adjusted by means of the terminating impedance 20.
  • the terminating impedance 20 By using inductors, capacitors and ohmic resistors, a phase jump of the reflected signal at the terminal 13 is intentionally caused. However, such an artificially induced phase shift has a certain frequency selectivity. An optimal directivity is thus only in a small frequency range too achieve.
  • a terminating impedance is used which is lower than in the case of a matched termination. A phase jump is achieved so reliably.

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  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Richtkoppler zur gerichteten Übertragung von Hochfrequenz-Signalen.The invention relates to a directional coupler for directional transmission of high-frequency signals.

Zum Stand der Technik sei hier z.B. auf die US 5,424,694 verwiesen. In dieser wird ein Richtkoppler beschrieben, welcher in Streifenleitungstechnik auf einer Substratebene aufgebaut ist. Durch ohmsche Widerstände und Induktivitäten wird das Frequenzverhalten des Richtkopplers beeinflusst. Eine gezielte elektrische Verlängerung der gekoppelten Leitungen wird durchgeführt. Eine Überlagerung von Signalen zur Ausnutzung von Interferenz findet jedoch nicht statt.The state of the art is here, for example, on the US 5,424,694 directed. In this a directional coupler is described, which is constructed in stripline technology on a substrate level. Ohmic resistances and inductances influence the frequency response of the directional coupler. A targeted electrical extension of the coupled lines is performed. However, a superposition of signals to exploit interference does not take place.

Herkömmlich werden in Richtkopplern gekoppelte Leitungen eingesetzt. Mit einem einlagigen Aufbau auf einer Leiterplatte lassen sich jedoch lediglich geringe Richtschärfen erzielen. Herkömmlich werden die Abschlüsse von Richtkopplern möglichst genau an den gewünschten Abschlusswiderstand von typischerweise 50Ω angepasst. Dies geht auch aus der US 5,424,694 hervor. Dies resultiert in einer für die meisten Anwendungen verwendbaren Richtschärfe.Conventionally coupled lines are used in directional couplers. With a single-layer construction on a printed circuit board, however, only small sharpening can be achieved. Conventionally, the terminations of directional couplers are matched as closely as possible to the desired terminating resistor of typically 50Ω. This also goes from the US 5,424,694 out. This results in a useful for most applications directivity.

Eine Richtschärfe von über 30dB lässt sich bei herkömmlichem Aufbau erst mit einem mindestens dreilagigen oder mechanisch sehr komplexen Aufbau oder durch eine explizierte Optimierung der Richtschärfe jedes einzelnen Richtkopplers während der Herstellung erreichen.A directivity of more than 30 dB can be achieved with conventional construction only with a three-layered or mechanically very complex structure or by an explicit optimization of the directivity of each directional coupler during manufacture.

Geänderte BeschreibungsseitenChanged description pages

Das Dokument US 4 644 260 A zeigt einen Richtkoppler, dessen Isolationsanschluss mit einem Abschluss beschaltet ist.The document US Pat. No. 4,644,260 shows a directional coupler whose isolation terminal is connected to a termination.

Auch das Dokument JP 2008 219175 A zeigt einen Richtkoppler, dessen Isolationsanschluss mit einem Abschluss beschaltet ist.Also the document JP 2008 219175 A shows a directional coupler whose isolation terminal is connected to a termination.

Das Dokument WAN-KYU KIM ET AL:"A Passive Circulator with High Isolation using a Directional Coupler for RFID" MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, 2006. IEEE MTT - S INTERNATIONAL, IEEE, PI, 1. Juni 2006, Seiten 1177 - 1180 zeigt die Erhöhung der Richtschärfe eines Richtkopplers durch gezielte Fehlanpassung des Isolationsanschlusses mittels eines ohmischen Widerstandes und einer Induktivität.The document WAN-KYU KIM ET AL: "A Passive Circulator with High Isolation using a Directional Coupler for RFID" MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, 2006. IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL, IEEE, PI, June 1, 2006, pp. 1177-1180 shows the increase in the directivity of a directional coupler by targeted mismatch of the insulation terminal by means of an ohmic resistance and an inductance.

Das Dokument PENG BAI ET AL: "A Novel RX-TX Front-Ends for Passive RFID Reader with High Isolation", MICROWAVE, ANTENNA, PROPAGATION AMD EMC TECHNOLOGIES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON, IEEE, Pl, 1. August 2007 Seiten 332 - 335, ISBN: 978-1-4244-1044-6 zeigt die gezielte Erhöhung der Richtschärfe eines Richtkopplers durch Fehlanpassung eines Abschlusses des Richtkopplers.The document PENG BAI ET AL: "A Novel RX-TX Front-Ends for Passive RFID Readers with High Isolation", MICROWAVE, ANTENNA, PROPAGATION AMD EMC TECHNOLOGIES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON, IEEE, Pl, August 1, 2007 Pages 332 - 335, ISBN: 978-1-4244-1044-6 shows the targeted increase in the directivity of a directional coupler by mismatching a conclusion of the directional coupler.

Die Dokumente US 2003/011442 und Feng Wei ET AL: "A NEW DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR UHF RFID READER",Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Bd. 50, Nr. 7, 31. Juli 2008 (2008-07-31), Seiten 1973-1975 offenbaren dann weitere Richtkoppler, die eine verbesserte Richtschärfe bedingt durch eine gezielte Fehlanpassung an einem Anschluss bzw. an mehreren Anschlüssen besitzen.The documents US 2003/011442 and Feng Wei ET AL: "A NEW DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR UHF RFID READER", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 7, 31 July 2008 (2008-07-31), pages 1973-1975 then reveal additional directional couplers, which have an improved directivity caused by a targeted mismatch at one port or at several ports.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Richtkoppler zu schaffen, welcher bei geringem Fertigungsaufwand und geringem Platzbedarf eine hohe Richtgüte erzielt.The invention is based on the object to provide a directional coupler, which achieves a high level of quality with low production costs and small footprint.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß für die Vorrichtung durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der hierauf rückbezogenen Unteransprüche.The object is achieved for the device by the features of independent claim 1. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ein Richtkoppler verfügt über zumindest vier Anschlüsse, die sich an den Enden von zwei in räumlicher Nähe angeordneten Streifenleitungen befinden, und eine Abschlussimpedanz. Der Richtkoppler ist derart aufgebaut, dass Signale von einem ersten Anschluss an einen dritten Anschluss mit geringer Dämpfung koppeln, und dass Signale von einem zweiten Anschluss an den dritten Anschluss mit sehr hoher Dämpfung koppeln. Weiterhin ist der Richtkoppler derart aufgebaut, dass Signale von dem ersten Anschluss an einen vierten Anschluss mit sehr hoher Dämpfung koppeln, und dass Signale von dem zweiten Anschluss an den vierten Anschluss mit geringer Dämpfung koppeln. Der vierte Anschluss ist dabei mit der Abschlussimpedanz verbunden. Die Abschlussimpedanz ist derart dimensioniert, dass sie eine gezielte Fehlanpassung des vierten Anschlusses und eine Reflexion eines Anteils eines an dem vierten Anschluss eingehenden Signals bewirkt. Das am vierten Anschluss reflektierte Signal und ein am dritten Anschluss anliegendes Signal interferieren dabei zumindest teilweise destruktiv. Die Abschlussimpedanz ist dabei derart dimensioniert, dass sie einen Phasenunterschied des am vierten Anschluss reflektierten Signals gegenüber dem am dritten Anschluss eingehenden Signal von 180° bewirkt. Die Abschlussimpedanz ist dabei ein ohmscher Widerstand und eine Induktivität und eine Kapazität. So ist eine sehr hohe Richtschärfe bei geringer Frequenzselektivität und geringem Herstellungsaufwand gewährleistet. Auch ein geringer Platzbedarf ist die Folge.A directional coupler has at least four terminals located at the ends of two closely spaced strip lines and a termination impedance. The directional coupler is configured to couple signals from a first terminal to a third terminal with low attenuation, and to couple signals from a second terminal to the third terminal with very high attenuation. Furthermore, the directional coupler is configured such that signals from the first port couple to a fourth port with very high attenuation and that signals from the second port couple to the fourth port with low attenuation. The fourth connection is connected to the terminating impedance. The termination impedance is dimensioned to cause a targeted mismatch of the fourth terminal and a reflection of a portion of a signal received at the fourth terminal. The signal reflected at the fourth terminal and a signal applied to the third terminal interfere at least partially destructively. The terminating impedance is dimensioned such that it causes a phase difference of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal with respect to the signal arriving at the third terminal of 180 °. The terminating impedance is an ohmic resistance and an inductance and a capacitance. So is a very high directivity with low frequency selectivity and low Guaranteed production costs. Even a small footprint is the result.

Vorteilhafterweise beinhaltet der Richtkoppler zumindest zwei Streifenleitungen. Eine erste Streifenleitung verbindet bevorzugt den ersten Anschluss mit dem zweiten Anschluss. Eine zweite Streifenleitung verbindet bevorzugt den dritten Anschluss mit dem vierten Anschluss. Die beiden Streifenleitungen sind bevorzugt in räumlicher Nähe zueinander angeordnet. So ist ein Einsatz von verbreiteten Richtkopplern möglich. Streifenleitungsrichtkoppler sind weiterhin sehr einfach herzustellen und verursachen nur einen geringen Platzbedarf.Advantageously, the directional coupler includes at least two strip lines. A first stripline preferably connects the first terminal to the second terminal. A second stripline preferably connects the third terminal to the fourth terminal. The two strip lines are preferably arranged in spatial proximity to one another. This makes it possible to use common directional couplers. Stripline directional couplers are also very easy to manufacture and only require a small footprint.

Die Abschlussimpedanz ist bevorzugt derart dimensioniert, dass die Amplituden des am vierten Anschluss reflektierten Signals und des am dritten Anschluss eingehenden Signals weitgehend identisch sind.The terminating impedance is preferably dimensioned such that the amplitudes of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal and the signal arriving at the third terminal are substantially identical.

Der Richtkoppler ist vorteilhafterweise derart aufgebaut, dass von dem ersten Anschluss oder dem zweiten Anschluss an den dritten Anschluss und an den vierten Anschluss gekoppelte Signale um einen bestimmten Winkel phasenverschoben sind. So kann die Abschlussimpedanz gezielt ausgewählt werden, um den Phasenunterschied des am vierten Anschluss reflektierten Signals gegenüber dem am dritten Anschluss eingehenden Signals auf 180° zu bringen.The directional coupler is advantageously constructed in such a way that signals coupled from the first terminal or the second terminal to the third terminal and to the fourth terminal are phase-shifted by a certain angle. Thus, the terminating impedance can be selectively selected to make the phase difference of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal from the signal input at the third terminal to 180 °.

Der Richtkoppler ist bevorzugt derart aufgebaut, dass von dem ersten Anschluss oder dem zweiten Anschluss an den dritten Anschluss und an den vierten Anschluss gekoppelte Signale um 180° phasenverschoben sind. So ist eine Einstellung der Phasenverschiebung durch die Abschlussimpedanz nicht notwendig.The directional coupler is preferably constructed in such a way that signals coupled from the first connection or the second connection to the third connection and to the fourth connection are phase-shifted by 180 °. That's one Setting the phase shift by the terminating impedance not necessary.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung, in der ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist, beispielhaft beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen beispielhaften Richtkoppler, und
Fig. 2
ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Richtkopplers.
  • Zunächst wird anhand der Fig. 1 ein beispielhafter Richtkoppler und seine Funktionsweise erläutert. Mittels Fig. 2 wird anschließend der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Richtkopplers veranschaulicht.
  • Identische Elemente wurden in ähnlichen Abbildungen zum Teil nicht wiederholt dargestellt und beschrieben.
The invention will be described by way of example with reference to the drawing, in which an advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown. In the drawing show:
Fig. 1
an exemplary directional coupler, and
Fig. 2
An embodiment of the directional coupler according to the invention.
  • First, based on the Fig. 1 an exemplary directional coupler and its operation explained. through Fig. 2 Subsequently, the structure and operation of the directional coupler according to the invention is illustrated.
  • Identical elements have not been repeatedly shown and described in similar figures.

In Fig. 1 wird ein beispielhafter Richtkoppler 1 dargestellt. Eine erste Streifenleitung 2 verfügt über die Anschlüsse 10, 11. Eine zweite Streifenleitung 3 verfügt über die Anschlüsse 12, 13. Die beiden Streifenleitungen 2, 3 sind in großer räumlicher Nähe auf einem hier nicht dargestellten Substrat angeordnet. Am Anschluss 10
angelegte Signale koppeln mit geringer Dämpfung an den Anschluss 12, und mit hoher Dämpfung an den Anschluss 13. Am Anschluss 11 angelegte Signale koppeln mit geringer Dämpfung an den Anschluss 13, und mit hoher Dämpfung an den Anschluss 12.In Fig. 1 an exemplary directional coupler 1 is shown. A first strip line 2 has the connections 10, 11. A second strip line 3 has the connections 12, 13. The two strip lines 2, 3 are arranged in a large spatial proximity on a substrate, not shown here. At the terminal 10
applied signals couple to terminal 12 with low attenuation, and to terminal 13 with high attenuation. Signals applied to terminal 11 couple with less Damping to port 13, and high damping to port 12.

Beispielsweise wird ein Signal am Anschluss 11 angelegt. Das Signal liegt an der ersten Streifenleitung 2 an und koppelt auf die zweite Streifenleitung 3. Da die Anschlüsse 12, 13 der zweiten Streifenleitung 3 in diesem Beispiel nicht abgeschlossen sind, wird ein nennenswerter Teil des an den Anschluss 13 gekoppelten Signals reflektiert. Dies verschlechtert die Richtschärfe des Richtkopplers deutlich. Durch einen angepassten Abschluss an dem Anschluss 13 kann dies zu einem gewissen Grad vermieden werden. Ein solcher Abschluss ist jedoch frequenzselektiv, was eine Frequenzabhängigkeit der Richtschärfe bewirkt.For example, a signal is applied to terminal 11. The signal is applied to the first stripline 2 and couples to the second stripline 3. Since the terminals 12, 13 of the second stripline 3 are not terminated in this example, a significant portion of the signal coupled to the terminal 13 is reflected. This significantly deteriorates the directivity of the directional coupler. By an adapted termination on the terminal 13, this can be avoided to some extent. However, such a conclusion is frequency-selective, which causes a frequency dependence of the directivity.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Richtkopplers. Wie auch in Fig. 1 verfügt der hier gezeigte Richtkoppler 30 über die Anschlüsse 10, 11, 12, 13. Der erfindungsgemäße Richtkoppler beinhaltet zusätzlich eine am Anschluss 13 angeschlossene Abschlussimpedanz 20. Die Abschlussimpedanz 20 ist weiterhin mit einem Masseanschluss 21 verbunden. Innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Richtkopplers 30 wird ein herkömmlicher Richtkoppler 1 eingesetzt. Dieser kann sowohl ein Streifenleitungsrichtkoppler, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, wie auch ein beliebiger Richtkoppler anderer Bauart sein. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the directional coupler according to the invention. As well as in Fig. 1 The directional coupler 30 shown here has the connections 10, 11, 12, 13. The directional coupler according to the invention additionally includes a terminating impedance 20 connected to the connection 13. The terminating impedance 20 is furthermore connected to a ground connection 21. Within the directional coupler 30 according to the invention, a conventional directional coupler 1 is used. This can be both a stripline directional coupler, as in Fig. 1 represented, as well as any directional coupler be of a different design.

Bei einer Vielzahl von Richtkoppler-Bauarten ergibt sich ein Phasenunterschied der an die beiden Anschlüsse 12, 13 gekoppelten Signale. Dieser beträgt in der Regel 180°. Es sind jedoch auch Richtkoppler bekannt, bei welchen der Phasenunterschied andere Werte annimmt. Auch Richtkoppler ohne den genannten Phasenunterschied sind bekannt.In a plurality of directional coupler types results in a phase difference of the two terminals 12, 13 coupled signals. This is usually 180 °. However, there are also known directional couplers, in which the Phase difference assumes other values. Directional couplers without the mentioned phase difference are known.

Angenommenen der Phasenunterschied beträgt genau 180°, so wird erfindungsgemäß ein rein ohmscher Widerstand als Abschlussimpedanz 20 an den Anschluss 13 angeschlossen.Assuming the phase difference is exactly 180 °, according to the invention a pure ohmic resistance is connected as a terminating impedance 20 to the terminal 13.

Wird beispielsweise ein Signal am Anschluss 11 angelegt, so koppelt es mit geringer Dämpfung, z.B. -20dB an den Anschluss 13 und mit hoher Dämpfung, z.B. -35dB an den Anschluss 12. Bei optimaler Richtschärfe wäre kein Signalanteil am Anschluss 12 messbar. Um diesem Idealzustand möglichst nahe zu kommen, wird der Anschluss 13 durch die Abschlussimpedanz 20 gezielt fehlangepasst. Dies resultiert in der Reflexion eines Teils des am Anschluss 13 anliegenden Signals. Die Abschlussimpedanz 20 wird dabei so gewählt, dass die Dämpfung des am Anschluss 13 reflektierten Signals der Dämpfung des an den Anschluss 12 gekoppelten Signals entspricht. In diesem Beispiel werden beide Dämpfungen auf -35dB eingestellt. Durch den von dem beispielhaften Richtkoppler 1 verursachten Phasenunterschied von 180° tritt destruktive Interferenz auf; die Signale löschen sich aus.For example, if a signal is applied to terminal 11 it will couple with little attenuation, e.g. -20dB to port 13 and with high attenuation, e.g. -35dB to port 12. With optimum directivity, no signal component would be measurable at port 12. In order to come as close as possible to this ideal state, the terminal 13 is selectively mismatched by the terminating impedance 20. This results in the reflection of a part of the signal applied to the terminal 13. The terminating impedance 20 is selected such that the attenuation of the signal reflected at the terminal 13 corresponds to the attenuation of the signal coupled to the terminal 12. In this example, both attenuations are set to -35dB. By the caused by the exemplary directional coupler 1 phase difference of 180 ° occurs destructive interference; the signals cancel.

Angenommenen, der von dem Richtkoppler 1 verursachte. Phasenunterschied beträgt weniger als 180°, so muss dieser Phasenunterschied mittels der Abschlussimpedanz 20 eingestellt werden. Durch Nutzung von Induktivitäten, Kapazitäten und ohmschen Widerständen wird gezielt ein Phasensprung des reflektierten Signals am Anschluss 13 verursacht. Ein solcher künstlich hervorgerufener Phasensprung weist jedoch eine gewisse Frequenzselektivität auf. Eine optimale Richtschärfe ist somit lediglich in einen geringen Frequenzbereich zu erzielen. Bevorzugt wird eine Abschlussimpedanz eingesetzt, welche geringer ist als bei einem angepassten Abschluss. Ein Phasensprung wird so zuverlässig erzielt.Suppose that caused by the directional coupler 1. Phase difference is less than 180 °, so this phase difference must be adjusted by means of the terminating impedance 20. By using inductors, capacitors and ohmic resistors, a phase jump of the reflected signal at the terminal 13 is intentionally caused. However, such an artificially induced phase shift has a certain frequency selectivity. An optimal directivity is thus only in a small frequency range too achieve. Preferably, a terminating impedance is used which is lower than in the case of a matched termination. A phase jump is achieved so reliably.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Wie bereits erwähnt, können unterschiedliche Richtkoppler-Bauarten eingesetzt werden. Eine erfindungsgemäße Fehlanpassung weiterer Anschlüsse ist vorhanden. Alle vorstehend beschriebenen Merkmale oder in den Figuren gezeigten Merkmale sind im Rahmen der Erfindung beliebig vorteilhaft miteinander kombinierbar.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. As already mentioned, different directional coupler types can be used. An inventive mismatch of other connections is present. All features described above or features shown in the figures can be combined with each other in any advantageous manner within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

  1. Directional coupler (30) with at least four terminals (10, 11, 12, 13) which are located at the ends of two strip lines (2, 3) which are arranged spatially near to one another, and a terminating impedance (20),
    wherein the directional coupler (30) is configured such that signals from a first terminal (10) couple to a third terminal (12) with very low attenuation,
    wherein signals from a second terminal (11) couple to the third terminal (12) with high attenuation,
    wherein signals from the first terminal (10) couple to a fourth terminal (13) with high attenuation,
    wherein signals from the second terminal (11) couple to the fourth terminal (13) with very low attenuation,
    wherein the fourth terminal (13) is connected with the terminating impedance (20),
    wherein the terminating impedance (20) is dimensioned such that it causes calculated mismatching of the fourth terminal (13) with respect to one of the strip lines (3) and reflection of a component of a signal at the fourth terminal (13),
    wherein the signal reflected at the fourth terminal (13) and a signal present at the third terminal (12) at least partially interfere destructively on one of the strip lines (3),
    wherein the terminating impedance (20) is dimensioned such that it causes a phase difference of 180° between the signal reflected at the fourth terminal (13) and the signal entering at the third terminal (12),
    wherein the terminating impedance (20) is an ohmic resistance and an inductance and a capacitance,
    wherein the directional coupler (30) comprises at least one mismatch of the first terminal (10) and/or the second terminal (11) and/or the third terminal (12), and
    wherein the at least one mismatch is formed such that it contributes further to the destructive interference of the signals at the third terminal (12).
  2. Directional coupler according to claim 1,
    wherein the directional coupler (30) comprises at least two strip lines (2, 3),
    wherein a first strip line (2) connects the first terminal (10) with the second terminal (11),
    wherein a second strip line (3) connects the third terminal (12) with the fourth terminal (13), and
    wherein the two strip lines (2, 3) are arranged spatially near to one another.
  3. Directional coupler according to one of claims 1 or 2,
    wherein the terminating impedance (20) is dimensioned such that the amplitudes of the signal reflected at the fourth terminal (13) and the signal entering at the third terminal (12) are largely identical.
  4. Directional coupler according to one of claims 1 to 3,
    wherein the directional coupler (30) is configured such that signals coupled from the first terminal (10) or the second terminal (11) to the third terminal (12) and the fourth terminal (13) are out of phase by a particular angle.
  5. Directional coupler according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    wherein the directional coupler (30) is configured such that signals coupled from the first terminal (10) or the second terminal (11) to the third terminal (12) and the fourth terminal (13) are out of phase by 180°.
EP09010935.6A 2008-10-16 2009-08-26 Directional coupler with compensation of direction accuracy with target error adjustment Active EP2178155B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102008051914A DE102008051914A1 (en) 2008-10-16 2008-10-16 Directional coupler with compensation of the directivity by targeted mismatch

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CN105789811A (en) * 2016-04-20 2016-07-20 广东工业大学 Self-compensation directional coupler

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