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EP2170517B2 - Roller mill and method for size reduction of ground material - Google Patents

Roller mill and method for size reduction of ground material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2170517B2
EP2170517B2 EP09736554.8A EP09736554A EP2170517B2 EP 2170517 B2 EP2170517 B2 EP 2170517B2 EP 09736554 A EP09736554 A EP 09736554A EP 2170517 B2 EP2170517 B2 EP 2170517B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control device
roller mill
drive
grinding
power
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EP09736554.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2170517B1 (en
EP2170517A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Berger
Franz-Josef Zurhove
Ludger Kimmeyer
Carsten Sachse
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating

Definitions

  • each grinding roller is assigned a drive motor. Furthermore, the grinding table has an auxiliary drive.
  • the influencing of the motor torque is effected by directly influencing the rotor current, wherein an indirect influence of the stator current is caused.
  • the drives 13, 14 are preferably formed by asynchronous motors, in particular slip ring motors whose stator winding 13a, 14a are connected to a network 15 (three-phase system, low or medium voltage) and its rotor winding 13b, 14b to the control device 20 and 21 respectively.
  • the control devices 20, 21 are preferably low-voltage systems with a maximum voltage of 690 V. They are therefore possibly connected to the network 15 via a transformer 16.
  • the system is a cascade control, the individual levels are dynamically decoupled from each other and thus can be considered individually.
  • the advantage of the regulation described above is that with a power compensation control, the power consumption of the drives 13, 14 differ only slightly from each other and even large changes in the system (translation jump) are corrected very quickly.
  • control device 20 or 21 is designed as a frequency converter 20.1 with voltage intermediate circuit. It consists essentially of an input stage 20a and an output stage 20b and an intermediate circuit 20c.
  • the input stage 20a converts the frequency-fixed three-phase current into direct current for the intermediate circuit and vice versa (feedback path), while the output stage converts the direct current into frequency-variable alternating current and vice versa.
  • the intermediate circuit 20c has a capacitor and is used for decoupling the input and output stage (energy storage).
  • control device is a speed reduction (recovery of energy into the grid) but also an increase in speed (additional power) possible.
  • the magnetization of the motor can be influenced in a targeted manner (can also be represented as a capacitive load relative to the network).
  • a start-up module 20d may be provided, but this is only necessary if the drive 13, 14 has to start under rated load (or above). Then, during startup instead of the control device, the start-up module 20d is connected to the rotor winding. If, on the other hand, the roller mill is started without load (possibly at partial load ⁇ 50% of rated load), this start-up module is not required.
  • the advantage of the power converter cascade is that operation in the vicinity of the synchronous speed for the components is not a problem. Furthermore, it comes with fewer components than the frequency converter 20.1, in particular, can be dispensed with the DC link capacitor, thereby increasing the life.
  • the control device 20, 21 of the in Fig. 4 illustrated embodiment is formed by a matrix converter 20.3.
  • the frequency-fixed input phases are timed together so that frequency variable output voltages can be provided.
  • the energy flow in both directions is possible.
  • the advantage of a matrix converter is that no memory modules (capacitance or inductance) are necessary. Again, an operation in the vicinity of the synchronous speed for the components by their operation is not a problem. In addition, the energy flow is possible without additional components in both directions. This controller should therefore have a better efficiency over the other embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 also shows a schematic illustration of a control device 20, 21 co-rotating with the rotor winding 13a, 14a. This opens up the possibility of transmitting the energy flow, for example, via an inductive coupling instead of slip rings. It can be dispensed with slip rings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a roller mill having a grinding table, at least one grinding roller and at least two drives with a rotor winding for driving the roller mill and at least one adjustment device for adjusting the motor torque of at least one drive, the adjustment device being connected to the rotor winding of at least one drive in order to influence the rotor current.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rollenmühle sowie ein Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung von Mahlgut, wobei die Rollenmühle, einen Mahlteller, wenigstens zwei Mahlrollen sowie wenigstens zwei Antriebe zum Antreiben der Rollenmühle aufweist.The invention relates to a roller mill and to a method for comminuting material to be ground, the roller mill having a grinding table, at least two grinding rollers and at least two drives for driving the roller mill.

In der Praxis wird bei Rollenmühlen üblicherweise der Mahlteller angetrieben, welcher über das Mahlbett die Mahlrollen antreibt. Dies führt jedoch zu starken Leistungsschwankungen und somit zu hohen Belastungen des Antriebsstranges, sodass man in der sicher zu übertragenden Antriebsleistung sehr begrenzt ist.In practice, the grinding table is usually driven in roller mills, which drives the grinding rollers on the grinding bed. However, this leads to strong power fluctuations and thus to high loads on the drive train, so that one is very limited in the safely transmitted power drive.

In der DE 38 01 728 wird eine Rollenmühle beschrieben, bei der jeder Mahlrolle ein Antriebsmotor zugeordnet ist. Weiterhin verfügt der Mahlteller über einen Hilfsantrieb.In the DE 38 01 728 a roller mill is described in which each grinding roller is assigned a drive motor. Furthermore, the grinding table has an auxiliary drive.

Auch in der DE 197 02 854 A1 wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, die Rollen anzutreiben. Dort wurde auch darauf hingewiesen, dass die einzelnen Mahlrollen einerseits über den Mahlteller und dem darauf befindlichen Mahlgut bzw. Mahlgutbett miteinander gekoppelt sind und andererseits stark unterschiedliche Leistungsaufnahmen haben können, die beispielsweise auf unterschiedliche Abrolldurchmesser auf dem Mahlteller (Lage des Kraftangriffspunkt / Radius), unterschiedliche Wirkdurchmesser der einzelnen Mahlrollen (z.B. durch Verschleiß) und auf ein unterschiedliches Einzugsverhalten des Mahlgutes im Zusammenwirken auf Mahlteller und Mahlrolle zurückzuführen sind.Also in the DE 197 02 854 A1 has already been proposed to power the roles. There, it was also pointed out that the individual grinding rollers are coupled with one another via the grinding plate and the grinding stock or meal bed thereon and on the other hand can have very different power consumptions, for example different rolling diameters on the grinding plate (position of the force application point / radius) Effective diameter of the individual grinding rollers (eg due to wear) and due to a different feed behavior of the ground material in cooperation on grinding plate and grinding roller are due.

Bereits geringe Drehzahlabweichungen zwischen einzelnen Mahlrollen bewirken bei den Antrieben relativ hohe Leistungsschwankungen. Dies kann dazu führen, dass die Mahlrollen dauernd beschleunigt oder verzögert werden, d.h. die einzeln angetriebenen Mahlrollen arbeiten gegeneinander, was während des Zerkleinerungsbetriebes zu einem deutlich erhöhten Kraft- bzw. Energiebedarf führt.Even small speed deviations between individual grinding rollers cause relatively high power fluctuations in the drives. This can cause the grinding rolls to be constantly accelerated or decelerated, i. the individually driven grinding rollers work against each other, which during the crushing operation leads to a significantly increased power and energy requirements.

In der DE-A1-197 02 854 wird daher vorgeschlagen, dass die Betriebsschwankungen zwischen den einzelnen Drehantrieben aller angetriebenen Mahlrollen durch eine gemeinsame Lastausgleichsregelung ausgeglichen werden. Dennoch sind bei dynamischen Übersetzungsänderungen zwischen Mahlteller und Mahlrolle die Leistungsaufnahmen der Antriebe sehr unterschiedlich.In the DE-A1-197 02 854 Therefore, it is proposed that the operating fluctuations between the individual rotary drives of all driven grinding rollers by a common burden-sharing arrangements. Nevertheless, with dynamic translation changes between grinding table and grinding roller, the power consumption of the drives are very different.

Aus der DE-A1-10 2006 050 205 ist weiterhin eine Rollenmühle bekannt, dessen Mahlteller durch eine Anordnung von mehr als zwei Antrieben angetrieben wird. Für die Antriebe sind Elektromotoren vorgesehen, die über Frequenzumrichter gespeist werden und mit deren Hilfe Drehzahl und Drehmoment geregelt werden. Die Frequenzumrichter sind nach dem Master-Slave-Prinzip organisiert, um sicherzustellen, dass alle Antriebe synchron arbeiten. Durch diese Frequenzumrichter entstehen jedoch hohe Kosten für den Antriebsstrang.From the DE-A1-10 2006 050 205 Furthermore, a roller mill is known, the grinding table is driven by an arrangement of more than two drives. For the drives electric motors are provided, which are fed by frequency converters and controlled by means of which speed and torque. The frequency converters are organized according to the master-slave principle to ensure that all drives operate synchronously. These frequency converters, however, result in high costs for the drive train.

Die DE 201 06 177 U1 betrifft einen Kollergang mit Zusatzantrieb, der eine direkte Drehmomentenregelung aufweist.The DE 201 06 177 U1 relates to a mulloret with auxiliary drive, which has a direct torque control.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Kosten für die Regeleinrichtungen zu verringern.The invention is therefore based on the object to reduce the cost of the control devices.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 12 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 12.

Unter der Läuferwicklung im Sinne der Erfindung ist auch eine Kurzschlusswicklung eines Asynchronmotors mit Kurzschlussläufer zu verstehen.Under the rotor winding in the context of the invention, a short-circuit winding of an asynchronous motor with squirrel cage rotor is to be understood.

Die Beeinflussung des Motormomentes erfolgt durch direkte Beeinflussung des Läuferstromes, wobei eine indirekte Beeinflussung des Ständerstromes hervorgerufen wird.The influencing of the motor torque is effected by directly influencing the rotor current, wherein an indirect influence of the stator current is caused.

Die Beeinflussung des Läuferstromes erfolgt durch den Umrichter, dessen Leistung sich bei dieser Art der Beeinflussung nach der Drehzahlabweichung zwischen dem Betriebs- und den Nennpunkt richtet, die im Allgemeinen ≤ 30% der Nennmotorleistung ist. Es können somit Umrichter mit einer wesentlich geringeren Leistung zum Einsatz kommen. Da die Umrichterkosten nahezu proportional zu ihrer Leistung sind, kann hier eine Kosteneinsparung von bis zu 70% und mehr erreicht werden. Die Aufteilung des Antriebes der Rollenmühle auf mehrere Antriebe hat zudem den Vorteil, dass entsprechend kleinere Motoren und einfachere Getriebe zum Einsatz kommen können. Außerdem kann das System so ausgelegt werden, dass der Mahlbetrieb bei Ausfall eines Antriebes nicht unterbrochen werden muss (Redundanz).The influencing of the rotor current is effected by the converter, whose performance is governed by this type of influence on the speed deviation between the operating and the nominal point, which is generally ≤ 30% of Rated motor power is. It is thus possible to use converters with a considerably lower power. Since the converter costs are almost proportional to their performance, a cost saving of up to 70% and more can be achieved here. The division of the drive of the roller mill on several drives also has the advantage that correspondingly smaller engines and simpler gearboxes can be used. In addition, the system can be designed so that the grinding operation in case of failure of a drive must not be interrupted (redundancy).

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Antriebe werden vorzugsweise durch Asynchronmotoren und der mindestens eine zu beeinflussende Motor wird insbesondere durch einen Schleifringmotor gebildet. Die Leistung der Regeleinrichtung kann vorzugsweise maximal 30% der Nennleistung des zugehörigen Antriebes betragen. Als Regeleinrichtungen kommen beispielsweise ein Frequenzumrichter, eine Stromrichterkaskade oder ein Matrixumrichter zum Einsatz. Dabei ist es denkbar, dass die Regeleinrichtung ortsfest angeordnet ist oder mit dem Rotor des Antriebs mitrotiert.The drives are preferably by asynchronous motors and the at least one motor to be influenced is formed in particular by a slip ring motor. The power of the control device may preferably amount to a maximum of 30% of the rated power of the associated drive. As a control devices such as a frequency converter, a power converter cascade or a matrix converter are used. It is conceivable that the control device is arranged stationary or co-rotates with the rotor of the drive.

Durch die entsprechend geringere Leistung der Regeleinrichtung kann ein Niederspannungssystem vorgesehen werden, dessen Spannung beispielsweise maximal 690 V beträgt.Due to the correspondingly lower power of the control device, a low-voltage system can be provided whose voltage is for example a maximum of 690 V.

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung näher erläutert.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description and the drawing.

In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Rollenmühle mit einer Ausgleichsregelungsvorrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer als Frequenzumrichter mit Spannungszwischenkreis ausgebildeten Regeleinrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer als Stromrichterkaskade ausgebildeten Regeleinrichtung,
Fig.4
eine schematische Darstellung einer als Matrixumrichter ausgebildeten Regeleinrichtung und
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung einer mit dem Rotor mitrotierenden Regeleinrichtung.
In the drawing show
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a roller mill with a compensation control device,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a designed as a frequency converter with voltage intermediate control device,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of a control device designed as a power converter cascade,
Figure 4
a schematic representation of a trained as a matrix converter control device and
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of a co-rotating with the rotor control device.

Die in Fig.1 dargestellte Rollenmühle 1 weist einen Mahlteller 10, wenigstens zwei Mahlrollen 11, 12 sowie wenigstens zwei Antriebe 13, 14 zum Antreiben der beiden Mahlrollen 11, 12 auf. Jeder Antrieb umfasst einen Motor und optional ein Getriebe. Im Rahmen der Erfindung können selbstverständlich auch mehrere Mahlrollen, insbesondere drei, vier oder mehr Mahlrollen vorgesehen werden.The roller mill 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a grinding table 10, at least two grinding rollers 11, 12 and at least two drives 13, 14 for driving the two grinding rollers 11, 12. Each drive includes a motor and optionally a gearbox. In the context of the invention, of course, a plurality of grinding rollers, in particular three, four or more grinding rollers can be provided.

Der Mahlteller 10 ist um eine Drehachse 10a frei drehbar, sodass er lediglich über die angetriebenen Mahlrollen 11, 12 und das zwischen Mahlrolle und Mahlteller befindliche Mahlgut 3 in Rotation versetzt wird. Es wäre aber auch denkbar, dass dem Mahlteller ein eigener Antrieb der aus mindestens einem Motor besteht, zugeordnet wird.The grinding table 10 is freely rotatable about an axis of rotation 10a, so that it is set in rotation only via the driven grinding rollers 11, 12 and the grinding material 3 located between the grinding roller and the grinding table. It would also be conceivable that the grinding table is assigned its own drive which consists of at least one motor.

Die Übertragung der Drehbewegung der Mahlrollen 11, 12 auf den Mahlteller 10 erfolgt über das Mahlgut 3. Durch das in der Praxis nicht gleichmäßig ausgebildete Mahlgutbett ändert sich das Übersetzungsverhältnis von Mahlrolle zu Mahlteller laufend. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis wird letztendlich durch den Abstand des Kraftangriffspunktes zwischen Mahlrollenachse und Mahltellerachse bestimmt. In der Zeichnung ist der Abstand r1 des Kraftangriffspunktes der Mahlrolle 11 zur Drehachse 10a kleiner als der Abstand r2 des Kraftangriffspunktes der Mahlrolle 12 zur Drehachse 10a.The transmission of the rotational movement of the grinding rollers 11, 12 on the grinding plate 10 via the material to be ground 3. By not uniformly formed in practice Mahlgutbett the ratio of Mahlrolle to Mahlteller changes continuously. The gear ratio is ultimately determined by the distance of the point of force application between Mahlrollenachse and Mahltellerachse. In the drawing, the distance r 1 of the force application point of the grinding roller 11 to Rotary axis 10a smaller than the distance r 2 of the force application point of the grinding roller 12 to the axis of rotation 10a.

Schon ein geringes unterschiedliches Übersetzungsverhältnis führt jedoch dazu, dass bei nahezu gleicher Drehzahl der Mahlrollen 11, 12 unterschiedliche Drehmomente auf den Mahlteller übertragen werden. Dadurch wird der eine Antrieb gegenüber dem anderen Antrieb abgebremst bzw. beschleunigt.Even a slight difference in gear ratio, however, means that at almost the same speed of the grinding rollers 11, 12 different torques are transmitted to the grinding table. As a result, one drive is braked or accelerated with respect to the other drive.

Auch eine Lastausgleichsregelung und die damit verbundenen relativ gleichen Drehmomente, führen aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Übersetzungsverhältnissen zu unterschiedlichen Leistungen. Diese daraus resultierenden starken Leistungsschwankungen der Antriebe haben einen erhöhten Energiebedarf zur Folge. Außerdem wird die gewünschte Leistungsverteilung zwischen den Antrieben damit zerstört.Also a load balancing control and the associated relatively equal torques lead due to the different gear ratios to different benefits. These resulting strong power fluctuations of the drives result in an increased energy requirement. In addition, the desired power distribution between the drives is destroyed.

Um diese Auswirkungen zu vermeiden ist eine Ausgleichsregelungsvorrichtung 2 vorgesehen, wobei durch Regelung des Motormomentes (und damit optional auch die Läuferdrehzahl) wenigstens eines Antriebes die Leistung der Antriebe 13, 14 in einem vorgegebenen Verhältnis zueinander geregelt werden. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind für die beiden identisch ausgebildeten Mahlrollen 11, 12 gleiche Antriebe 13, 14 vorgesehen, sodass die Ausgleichsregelungsvorrichtung 2 die Leistung der beiden Antriebe auf gleichem Niveau hält.In order to avoid these effects, a compensation control device 2 is provided, wherein by controlling the engine torque (and thus optionally also the rotor speed) of at least one drive, the power of the drives 13, 14 are regulated in a predetermined ratio to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, identical drives 13, 14 are provided for the two identically designed grinding rollers 11, 12, so that the compensation control device 2 keeps the power of the two drives at the same level.

Es wäre aber auch denkbar, dass neben mehreren Mahlrollen auch der Mahlteller über einen eigenen Antrieb verfügt oder unterschiedlich große Mahlrollen zum Einsatz kommen. In diesen Fällen könnten die Antriebe mit unterschiedlichen Leistungen betrieben werden.But it would also be conceivable that in addition to several grinding rollers and the grinding table has its own drive or different sized grinding rollers are used. In these cases, the drives could be operated with different powers.

Die Ausgleichsregelungsvorrichtung 2 besteht im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel im Wesentlichen aus je einer den Antriebe 13, 14 zugeordneten Regeleinrichtung 20, 21, die als Umrichter ausgebildet ist, einem Leistungsausgleichsregler 22 und ggf. einem Mahltellerdrehzahlregler 23.The compensation control device 2 consists in the illustrated embodiment essentially of one of the drives 13, 14 associated control device 20, 21, which is designed as a converter, a power compensation regulator 22 and possibly a Mahltellerdrehzahlregler 23rd

Die Antriebe 13, 14 werden vorzugsweise durch Asynchronmotoren, insbesondere durch Schleifringmotoren gebildet, dessen Ständerwicklung 13a, 14a an ein Netz 15 (Drehstromnetz, Nieder- oder Mittelspannung) und dessen Läuferwicklung 13b, 14b an die Regeleinrichtung 20 bzw. 21 angeschlossen sind. Bei den Regeleinrichtungen 20, 21 handelt es sich bevorzugt um Niederspannungssysteme mit einer maximalen Spannung von 690 V. Sie sind daher ggf. über einen Transformator 16 an das Netz 15 angeschlossen.The drives 13, 14 are preferably formed by asynchronous motors, in particular slip ring motors whose stator winding 13a, 14a are connected to a network 15 (three-phase system, low or medium voltage) and its rotor winding 13b, 14b to the control device 20 and 21 respectively. The control devices 20, 21 are preferably low-voltage systems with a maximum voltage of 690 V. They are therefore possibly connected to the network 15 via a transformer 16.

Die Regeleinrichtungen 20, 21 messen von den Antrieben 13, 14 den momentanen Motorstrom und die Motorspannung. Daraus wird die Leistungsaufnahme jedes Antriebs ermittelt und ein gleitender Summenmittelwert gebildet, der mit einem Faktor (bei gleichen Leistungen der hier dargestellten 2 Antriebe = 0,5) gewichtet wird und den Sollwert des Antriebes darstellt. Bei nahezu konstantem Widerstandsmoment hängt dieser Wert im Wesentlichen nur von der Drehzahl des jeweiligen Antriebes ab.The control devices 20, 21 measure from the drives 13, 14 the instantaneous motor current and the motor voltage. From this, the power consumption of each drive is determined and formed a sliding sum mean value, which is weighted by a factor (for the same performance of the 2 drives shown here = 0.5) and represents the setpoint of the drive. With an almost constant moment of resistance, this value essentially depends only on the speed of the respective drive.

Eine Abweichung zwischen Antriebs-Istleistung und Antriebs-Sollleistung wird auf den Leistungsausgleichsregler 22 gegeben, welcher eine Leistungsanpassung der beiden Antriebe 13, 14 bewirkt, indem der Läuferstrom des jeweiligen Antriebs entsprechend angepasst wird, sodass die Leistung der beiden Antriebe in dem vorgegebenen Verhältnis, im vorliegenden Fall auf gleiches Niveau, geregelt wird.A deviation between actual drive power and nominal drive power is applied to the power compensation controller 22, which causes a power adjustment of the two drives 13, 14 by the rotor current of the respective drive is adjusted accordingly, so that the power of the two drives in the predetermined ratio, in the case at the same level.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird eine zusätzliche Regelung für die Mahltellerdrehzahl vorgesehen, die hier durch den Mahltellerdrehzahlregler 23 verwirklicht ist. Der Mahltellerdrehzahlregler 23 steht mit einem nicht näher dargestellten Mahltellerdrehzahlsensor in Verbindung und erhält in ausreichend geringen Abständen den Istwert der Drehzahl des Mahltellers 10, der mit dem Sollwert nSoll verglichen wird, woraus sich die Regelabweichung ergibt. Daraus erzeugt der Regler bei einem fest angenommnen Übersetzungsverhältnis die Solldrehzahl für die Leistungsausgleichsvorrichtung 22, welche diesen Wert verändern kann.Advantageously, an additional control for the Mahltellerdrehzahl is provided, which is realized here by the Mahltellerdrehzahlregler 23. The Mahltellerdrehzahlregler 23 communicates with a Mahltellerdrehzahlsensor not shown in connection and receives in sufficiently small intervals the actual value of the speed of the grinding table 10, which is compared with the desired value n target , resulting in the control deviation. The controller generates this at a firmly assumed gear ratio, the target speed for the power balancing device 22, which may change this value.

Die Regeleinrichtung 20, 21 kann auch über einen internen Drehzahlregler und ein mitlaufendes Motormodell verfügen, wodurch die Antriebsdrehzahl der Antriebe und das Motormoment abgegriffen werden können. Zweckmäßigerweise müssen die Regeleinrichtungen in der Lage sein, Steuer- und Zustandsdaten alle 5-10 ms einzulesen bzw. auszugeben, damit die Funktion der Ausgleichsregelungsvorrichtung gewährleistet ist.The control device 20, 21 may also have an internal speed controller and a revolving engine model, whereby the drive speed of the drives and the engine torque can be tapped. Expediently, the control devices must be able to read and / or output control and status data every 5-10 ms, so that the function of the equalization control device is ensured.

Regelungstechnisch stellt sich das System als Kaskadenregelung dar, wobei die einzelnen Ebenen dynamisch voneinander entkoppelt sind und somit einzeln betrachtet werden können. Der Vorteil der oben beschriebenen Regelung besteht darin, dass mit einer Leistungsausgleichsregelung die Leistungsaufnahmen der Antriebe 13, 14 nur geringfügig voneinander abweichen und selbst starke Änderungen im System (Übersetzungssprung) sehr schnell korrigiert werden.Control technology, the system is a cascade control, the individual levels are dynamically decoupled from each other and thus can be considered individually. The advantage of the regulation described above is that with a power compensation control, the power consumption of the drives 13, 14 differ only slightly from each other and even large changes in the system (translation jump) are corrected very quickly.

Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, dass nahezu vollständig auf aufwändige und wartungsintensive Messtechnik verzichtet werden kann, da die eingesetzten Umrichter alle relevanten Daten bis auf die Mahltellerdrehzahl bereitstellen. Mit den Regeleinrichtungen 20, 21 können darüber hinaus die Regeleingriffe nahezu leistungslos erfolgen, sodass der Gesamtwirkungsgrad auf dem Niveau eines ungeregelten Antriebs liegt.Furthermore, it is advantageous that it is possible to dispense almost completely with time-consuming and maintenance-intensive measuring technology, since the inverters used provide all relevant data except for the grinding table speed. In addition, with the control devices 20, 21, the control interventions can take place almost without power, so that the overall efficiency is at the level of an uncontrolled drive.

Die Regeleinrichtungen 20, 21 werden durch Umrichter gebildet, wobei es nicht erforderlich ist, dass die gesamte Leistung der Antriebe 13, 14 durch die Regeleinrichtung 20, 21 regelbar ist, wie das bisher im Stand der Technik der Fall ist. Wird die Regeleinrichtung mit der Läuferwicklung der Antriebe verbunden, kann zur Regelung der Läuferstrom beeinflusst werden. Diese Art der Beeinflussung der Antriebe bietet die Möglichkeit, dass die Leistung der Regeleinrichtungen wesentlich kleiner als die Nennleistungen der zugeordneten Antriebe gewählt werden kann. Die Leistung der Regeleinrichtungen beträgt weniger als 50%, vorzugsweise maximal 30% der Nennleistung der zugeordneten Antriebe. Nachdem die Kosten der als Umrichter ausgebildeten Regeleinrichtungen proportional von der Leistung der Regeleinrichtungen abhängen, können auf diese Weise 50 bzw. 70% und mehr an Kosten für die Regeleinrichtungen eingespart werden.The control devices 20, 21 are formed by converters, wherein it is not necessary that the total power of the drives 13, 14 can be regulated by the control device 20, 21, as has hitherto been the case in the prior art. If the control device is connected to the rotor winding of the drives, the rotor current can be influenced for regulation. This type of influencing the drives offers the possibility that the performance of the control devices can be chosen to be much smaller than the rated power of the associated drives. The Performance of the control devices is less than 50%, preferably at most 30% of the rated power of the associated drives. Since the costs of the control devices designed as converters depend proportionally on the power of the control devices, 50 or 70% and more of the costs for the control devices can be saved in this way.

Anhand der Figuren 2 bis 5 werden im Folgenden verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele für die Regelungseinrichtung 20 bzw. 21 dargestellt.Based on FIGS. 2 to 5 In the following, different embodiments of the control device 20 and 21 are shown.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 ist die Regeleinrichtung 20 bzw. 21 als Frequenzumrichter 20.1 mit Spannungszwischenkreis ausgebildet. Er besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer Eingangsstufe 20a und einer Ausgangsstufe 20b und einem Zwischenkreis 20c. Die Eingangsstufe 20a wandelt den frequenzfesten Drehstrom in Gleichstrom für den Zwischenkreis um und umgekehrt (Rückspeiseweg), während die Ausgangsstufe den Gleichstrom in frequenzvariablen Wechselstrom und umgekehrt umwandelt. Der Zwischenkreis 20c weist einen Kondensator auf und dient zu Entkopplung der Eingangs- und Ausgangsstufe (Energiespeicher).In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 the control device 20 or 21 is designed as a frequency converter 20.1 with voltage intermediate circuit. It consists essentially of an input stage 20a and an output stage 20b and an intermediate circuit 20c. The input stage 20a converts the frequency-fixed three-phase current into direct current for the intermediate circuit and vice versa (feedback path), while the output stage converts the direct current into frequency-variable alternating current and vice versa. The intermediate circuit 20c has a capacitor and is used for decoupling the input and output stage (energy storage).

Mit dieser Regelungseinrichtung ist eine Drehzahlverringerung (Rückspeisung der Energie ins Netz) aber auch eine Drehzahlerhöhung (zusätzliche Energiezufuhr) möglich. Dabei kann die Magnetisierung des Motors gezielt beeinflusst werden (auch als kapazitive Last gegenüber dem Netz darstellbar).With this control device is a speed reduction (recovery of energy into the grid) but also an increase in speed (additional power) possible. In this case, the magnetization of the motor can be influenced in a targeted manner (can also be represented as a capacitive load relative to the network).

Weiterhin kann ein Anlaufmodul 20d vorgesehen werden, das aber nur dann notwendig ist, wenn der Antrieb 13, 14 unter Nennlast (oder darüber) anlaufen muss. Dann wird während des Anlaufs statt der Regeleinrichtung das Anlaufmodul 20d an die Läuferwicklung geschaltet. Wird hingegen die Rollenmühle lastfrei (evtl. auf Teillast < 50% der Nennlast) gestartet, ist dieses Anlaufmodul nicht erforderlich.Furthermore, a start-up module 20d may be provided, but this is only necessary if the drive 13, 14 has to start under rated load (or above). Then, during startup instead of the control device, the start-up module 20d is connected to the rotor winding. If, on the other hand, the roller mill is started without load (possibly at partial load <50% of rated load), this start-up module is not required.

In Fig. 3 ist die Regelungseinrichtung 20, 21 als Stromumrichterkaskade 20.2 ausgebildet. Es handelt sich dabei um eine untersynchrone Umrichterkaskade. Durch gezielte Strombeeinflussung lässt sich der Motorschlupf und damit die Drehzahl, bzw. das Motormoment des Antriebs gezielt beeinflussen. Dazu wird der Läuferstrom über einen Gleichrichter 20e gleichgerichtet und über einer Induktivität 20f zwischengespeichert. Über eine Thyristorstufe 20g kann die Stromrichterkaskade Energie in das Netz zurückspeisen.In Fig. 3 the control device 20, 21 is designed as Stromumrichterkaskade 20.2. It is a sub-synchronous converter cascade. By Targeted current influence can be the engine slip and thus the speed, or the engine torque of the drive specifically influence. For this purpose, the rotor current is rectified via a rectifier 20e and intermediately stored via an inductance 20f. The power converter cascade can feed energy back into the network via a thyristor stage 20g.

Der Vorteil der Stromrichterkaskade besteht darin, dass ein Betrieb in der Nähe der Synchrondrehzahl für die Bauteile unproblematisch ist. Weiterhin kommt sie mit weniger Bauteilen als der Frequenzumrichter 20.1 aus, wobei insbesondere auf den Zwischenkreiskondensator verzichtet werden kann, wodurch sich die Lebensdauer erhöht.The advantage of the power converter cascade is that operation in the vicinity of the synchronous speed for the components is not a problem. Furthermore, it comes with fewer components than the frequency converter 20.1, in particular, can be dispensed with the DC link capacitor, thereby increasing the life.

Die Regeleinrichtung 20, 21 des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles wird durch einen Matrixumrichter 20.3 gebildet. Durch entsprechende Schaltelemente werden die frequenzfesten Eingangsphasen zeitrichtig so miteinander verschaltet, dass frequenzvariable Ausgangsspannungen bereitgestellt werden können. Dabei ist der Energiefluss in beiden Richtungen möglich. Der Vorteil eines Matrixumrichters besteht darin, dass keine Speicherbausteine (Kapazität oder Induktivität) notwendig sind. Auch hier ist ein Betrieb in der Nähe der Synchrondrehzahl für die Bauteile durch deren Betriebsweise unproblematisch. Darüber hinaus ist der Energiefluss ohne Zusatzbauteile in beide Richtungen möglich. Diese Regeleinrichtung dürfte daher gegenüber den anderen Ausführungsbeispielen einen besseren Wirkungsgrad aufweisen.The control device 20, 21 of the in Fig. 4 illustrated embodiment is formed by a matrix converter 20.3. By appropriate switching elements, the frequency-fixed input phases are timed together so that frequency variable output voltages can be provided. The energy flow in both directions is possible. The advantage of a matrix converter is that no memory modules (capacitance or inductance) are necessary. Again, an operation in the vicinity of the synchronous speed for the components by their operation is not a problem. In addition, the energy flow is possible without additional components in both directions. This controller should therefore have a better efficiency over the other embodiments.

Fig. 5 zeigt schließlich noch eine schematische Darstellung einer mit der Läuferwicklung 13a, 14a mitrotierenden Regeleinrichtung 20, 21. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, den Energiefluss zum Beispiel über eine induktive Kopplung statt über Schleifringe zu übertragen. Es kann dadurch auf Schleifringe verzichtet werden. Fig. 5 Finally, FIG. 12 also shows a schematic illustration of a control device 20, 21 co-rotating with the rotor winding 13a, 14a. This opens up the possibility of transmitting the energy flow, for example, via an inductive coupling instead of slip rings. It can be dispensed with slip rings.

Durch die Beeinflussung des Läuferstromes über die Regeleinrichtungen 20, 21 kann die erforderliche Leistung der Regeleinrichtungen in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahlabweichung zwischen dem Betriebs- und Nennpunkt ausgelegt werden. Die erforderliche Leistung der Regeleinrichtung wird daher im Allgemeinen maximal 30% der Nennmotorleistung des Antriebes betragen.By influencing the rotor current via the control devices 20, 21, the required power of the control devices in dependence of Speed deviation between the operating and nominal point are designed. The required power of the control device will therefore generally amount to a maximum of 30% of the rated motor power of the drive.

Während früher Rollenmühlen üblicherweise lediglich über den Mahlteller angetrieben wurden und dabei ein entsprechend groß ausgelegter Antrieb erforderlich war, können bei einem Einsatz von mehreren Antrieben auch Mittel- oder Niederspannungsmotoren zum Einsatz kommen, die deutlich geringere Verkabelungs- und Anschaltkosten erfordern. Durch die entsprechend geringere Leistung der Regelungseinrichtungen können außerdem auch Niederspannungsregeleinrichtungen zum Einsatz kommen, selbst wenn große Motorleistungen zu regeln sind.While previously roller mills were usually driven only on the grinding table and a correspondingly large-sized drive was required, when using multiple drives and medium-voltage or low-voltage motors can be used, which require significantly lower cabling and Anschaltkosten. Due to the correspondingly lower power of the control devices, low-voltage control devices can also be used, even if large motor powers have to be controlled.

Damit ist es möglich den Mehrmotorenantrieb sicherer und kostengünstiger als den klassischen Einmotorenantrieb zu realisieren. Auch sind größere Mühlenantriebsleistungen ohne großen Aufwand denkbar.This makes it possible to realize the multi-motor drive safer and cheaper than the classic single-motor drive. Also larger mill drive power without much effort are conceivable.

Claims (13)

  1. Roller mill having a grinding table (10), at least two driven grinding rollers (11, 12), wherein each grinding roller has a drive (13, 14) with stator winding and rotor winding (13a, 14a; 13b, 14b) for driving the grinding roller, and a compensation control device (2) with at least one control device (20, 21) for controlling the motor torque of at least one drive and a power compensation adjuster (22),
    characterised in that the control device (20, 21) is formed by a converter and is connected to the rotor winding (13b, 14b) of at least one drive (13, 14) to influence the rotor current, and the power of the control device (20, 21) is less than 50% of the nominal power of the associated drive (13, 14).
  2. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the drives (13, 14) are formed by asynchronous motors.
  3. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that at least n-1 (n=number of drives) drives (13, 14) are formed by slip ring motors.
  4. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the power of the control device (20, 21) is preferably a maximum of 30% of the nominal power of the associated drive (13, 14).
  5. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the actual values of the drives (13, 14) are obtained by means of a co-running motor model.
  6. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the control device (20, 21) is a frequency converter (20.1).
  7. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the control device (20, 21) is a static converter cascade (20.2).
  8. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the control device (20, 21) is a matrix converter (20.3).
  9. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the control device (20, 21) co-rotates with the rotor of the drive.
  10. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the control device (20, 21) is a low-voltage system.
  11. Roller mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the grinding table (10) has at least one associated drive.
  12. Method for comminuting grinding stock with a roller mill which has a grinding table (10), at least two driven grinding rollers (11, 12), wherein each grinding roller has a drive (13, 14) with stator winding and rotor winding (13a, 14a) for driving the grinding roller and the roller mill has at least one control device (20, 21) for controlling the motor torque, wherein a power-equalising control being carried out by controlling the motor torque of at least one drive,
    characterised in that the control device (20, 21) used brings about a power which is less than 50% of the nominal power of the associated drive (13, 14) and the control device is connected to the rotor winding of at least one drive (13, 14) and control is effected by influencing the current in the rotor winding (13a, 14a) in order to control the power of the drives in a predetermined ratio to one another.
  13. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that the speed of the drives (13, 14) is so controlled that, in addition, a predetermined speed of the grinding table (10) is maintained.
EP09736554.8A 2008-08-07 2009-07-30 Roller mill and method for size reduction of ground material Not-in-force EP2170517B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102008036784A DE102008036784C5 (en) 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Roller mill and method for comminution of regrind
PCT/EP2009/059883 WO2010015564A1 (en) 2008-08-07 2009-07-30 Roller mill and method for size reduction of ground material

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EP2170517A1 EP2170517A1 (en) 2010-04-07
EP2170517B1 EP2170517B1 (en) 2011-01-05
EP2170517B2 true EP2170517B2 (en) 2016-07-20

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EP (1) EP2170517B2 (en)
JP (1) JP5438764B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102112232B (en)
AT (1) ATE494068T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0915954A2 (en)
DE (2) DE102008036784C5 (en)
DK (1) DK2170517T4 (en)
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DE502009000272D1 (en) 2011-02-17
DE102008036784C5 (en) 2013-06-20
ATE494068T1 (en) 2011-01-15
US8692495B2 (en) 2014-04-08
EP2170517B1 (en) 2011-01-05
CN102112232B (en) 2013-07-17
RU2497593C2 (en) 2013-11-10
BRPI0915954A2 (en) 2020-08-18
JP5438764B2 (en) 2014-03-12
WO2010015564A1 (en) 2010-02-11
DK2170517T4 (en) 2016-11-07
MX2011001213A (en) 2011-03-04
DE102008036784B4 (en) 2011-05-05
CN102112232A (en) 2011-06-29
US20110121772A1 (en) 2011-05-26
DE102008036784A1 (en) 2010-02-18
DK2170517T3 (en) 2011-05-02
RU2011108266A (en) 2012-09-20
EP2170517A1 (en) 2010-04-07

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