EP2160105B1

EP2160105B1 - Crenellated banded cigarette paper

Info

Publication number: EP2160105B1
Application number: EP08807126A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marc W. Rose
Original assignee: Philip Morris Products SA
Current assignee: Philip Morris Products SA
Priority date: 2007-06-01
Filing date: 2008-05-29
Publication date: 2013-03-06
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-29
Also published as: CN101677630A; RU141743U1; MX2009012618A; TWI454224B; CA2685096A1; WO2008146170A3; TW200917973A; JP5334960B2; UA96341C2; BRPI0811981A2; ZA200907201B; PT2160105E; BRPI0811981B1; KR20100018506A; ZA200907711B; AU2008256346A1; KR101497163B1; IL201543A; DK2160105T3; PL2160105T3

Description

FIELD OF ART

There have been attempts to design smoking articles that extinguish when inadvertently left unattended on a substrate, and the tendency to do so Is referenced herein as a smoking article having "low ignition propensity". Ideally, a low ignition propensity smoking article will continue to bum when freely suspended such as in the holder of an ashtray or when being held In the hand without puffing ("free burn"). The tendency for a cigarette to go out during free bum is referred to herein as "self extinguishment". Many prior cigarette designs that achieve low ignition propensity characteristics exhibit high rates of self-extinguishment under free burn conditions.

SUMMARY

According to the invention there is provided a wrapper for a smoking article comprising a base web having a nominal permeability; and a banded region comprising sufficient add-on material such that the wrapper has a permeability at the banded region less than the nominal permeability of the base web, wherein the banded region comprises a substantially continuous band that is about 4mm or less wide and a leading edge and a edge trailing of the banded region are crenellated and wherein merlons of the leading edge are transversely aligned with crenels of the of the trailing edge and crenels of the leading edge are transversely aligned with merlons of the trailing edge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Many objects and advantages of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art when this specification is read in conjunction with the attached drawings wherein like reference numerals are applied to like elements and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a smoking article according to this disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wrapper paper having a first embodiment of a crenellated banded region;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wrapper paper having a second embodiment of a crenellated banded region; and
FIG 4 is a schematic view of a wrapper paper having a third embodiment of a crenellated banded region.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In accordance with this description, a smoking article 1 includes a tobacco rod 2. The tobacco rod 2 may include a cut filler 3 of tobacco and is surrounded by wrapper paper 10. One end of the smoking article may include a suitable filter 4 surrounded by suitable filter tipping paper. The smoking article 1 typically may have a generally circular cross section over the length of the smoking article. Nevertheless, other cross-sectional shapes including, for example, oval, are within the scope of this description. The tobacco rod 2 has a nominal length measured from the tipping paper to the free end of the tobacco rod along a longitudinal axis of smoking article. By way of example, that nominal length may the in the range of about 60mm to about 100mm.
The wrapper paper 10 includes a base web which typically is permeable to air. Permeability of wrapper paper is normally identified in Coresta units. A Coresta unit measures paper permeability In terms of volumetric flow rate (i.e., cm³/sec) per unit area (i.e., cm²) per unit pressure drop (i.e., cm of water). The base web for conventional wrapper paper also has well-known basis weights, measured in grams per square meter, abbreviated as "gsm". The permeability and basis weight for the base web of typical smoking article papers commonly used In the industry are set out in the table below:

Permeability/Coresta units Basis Weight/gsm

24 25

33 25

46 25

60 26
For purposes of this description, the base web of a preferred wrapper paper has a permeability of at least about 20 Coresta units. Most preferably, the wrapping paper has a permeability greater than about 30 Coresta, such as common base webs having nominal permeabilities of about 33 and about 46 Coresta with a basis weight of about 25 gsm. For some applications, the base web may have a permeability of greater than about 60 Coresta, or greater than about 80 Coresta, of even higher permeability values.
It is noted for sake of convention that. In describing dimensions of various embodiments herein, that "width" of a banded region extends in a longitudinal direction of the tobacco rod, whereas a dimension in the circumferential direction of a banded region will be expressed as "transverse" or "in cross-direction" or cross-web direction".
For purposes of this description, banded regions of add-on material as described herein are applied to the wrapper paper to obtain improved ignition propensity characteristics and also to obtain improved self-extinguishment characteristics. Ignition Propensity is a standard test conducted as set forth in ASTM E 2187-04, "Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Smoking articles", which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference thereto. Ignition propensity measures the probability that a smoking article, when placed on a substrate, will generate sufficient heat to maintain static burning of the tobacco rod. Low values for ignition propensity are desirable as such values correlate with a reduced likelihood that a smoldering smoking article will cause combustion In an underlying substrate.
Self-extinguishment herein is a reference to smoldering characteristics of a smoking article under free burn conditions. To evaluate self-extinguishment, a laboratory test is conducted at a temperature of 23°C ± 3°C and relative humidity of 55% ± 5%, both of which should be monitored by a recording hygrothermograph. Exhaust hood(s) remove combustion products formed during testing. Prior to testing, smoking articles to be tested are conditioned at 55% ± 5% relative humidity and 23°C ± 3°C for 24 hours. Just prior to testing, the smoking articles are placed in glass beakers to assure free air access.
Self-extinguishment testing takes place within an enclosure or test box. A single port smoking machine or an electric lighter is used to Ignite the smoking articles for the test. During testing, an apparatus or "angle holder" holds the smoking articles to be tested by holding an end at angles of 0 (horizontal), 45°, and/or 90° (vertical). Twenty (20) smoking articles are tested at each of the 0°, 45°, and 80° positions. If more than one apparatus is used, the apparatuses are preferably positioned such that the smoking articles face away from each other to avoid cross interference. If a smoking article goes out before the front line of the smoldering coal reaches the tipping paper, the outcome is scored as "self-extinguishment"; on the other hand, if the smoking article continues smouldering until the front line of the smoldering coal reaches the tipping paper, then the outcome is scored as "non-extinguishment". Thus, for example, an self-extinguishment value of 95% indicates that 95% of the smoking articles tested exhibited self-extinguishment under free bum conditions; while an self-extinguishment value of 20% indicates that only 20% of the smoking articles tested exhibited self-extinguishment under free bum conditions.
The self-extinguishment value may be referred to in terms of "self-extinguishment at 0° value", "self-extinguishment at 45° value", or "self-extinguishment at 90° value", each of which refers to the value of self-extinguishment at the specified tested angle. In addition, the self-extinguishment value may be referred to In terms of "self-extinguishment average value", which refers to an average of the three angular positions: namely, an average of (i) the "self-extinguishment at 0° value", (ii) the "self-extinguishment at 45° value", and (iii) the "self-extinguishment at 90° value". A reference to "Self-Extinction value" or "self-extinguishment value" does not distinguish between self-extinguishment at 0°, self-extinguishment at 45°, self-extinguishment at 90°, or self-extinguishment average values and may refer to any one of them.
The phrases "self- extinguish under free burn conditions" or "self-extinguishment under free burn conditions" as used herein, refer to the extinguishment of a smoldering cigarette without puffing, when such cigarette is subjected or exposed to free bum conditions.
As used herein, the term "crenellated" refers to a pattern of multiple, regularly spaced, geometrically shaped spaces removed from an otherwise continuous solid banded region. A crenellated pattern or band can also be described as notched or appearing similar to a pulse wave. As used herein, "crenels" refers to openings, or valleys, in a crenellated edge, while "merions" refer to raised portions, or plateaus of a crenellated edge, between crenels.
As used herein, the phrase "leading edge" refers to the edge of a banded region that is closest to an approaching coal during smoldering of a smoking article whose wrapper contains the banded region, while the phrase "trailing edge" refers to the edge of a banded region that is farthest from an approaching coal during smoldering of a smoking article whose wrapper contains the banded region.
A wrapper for a smoking article comprises a base web 10 (see FIG. 2), having a nominal permeability and a plurality of banded regions 12 with sufficient add-on material such that the wrapper has a permeability at the banded region less than the nominal permeability of the base web. A leading edge 14 and a trailing edge 16 of each banded region 12 are crenellated.
While various arrangements of the crenellated regions may occur to those skilled in the art, several such arrangements are illustrated In the appended figures. For example (see FIG. 2), the banded region 12 may have a leading edge 14 in which the crenels 20 are disposed between merlons 18. In this embodiment, the merlons 18 have a dimension In the transverse direction of the base web 10 which is substantially the same as the dimension in the transverse direction of the crenels 20. As depicted, the merlons 18 and associated crenels 20 may be generally rectangular. If desired, however, the merlons 18 and crenels 20 may have other geometric shapes including, without limitation, quadrilaterals, trapezoids, triangles, hexagons, and other regular or irregular geometric configurations. The distance between the top of a merlon 18 and the bottom of an adjacent crenel 20 may lie in the range of about 2 mm to about 5 mm, and preferably may be about 3 mm.
At the trailing edge of the banded region 12, a similarly crenellated arrangement may also be provided. To this end, a plurality of merlons 22 may be spaced transversely across the base web 10 and separated from one another by a corresponding plurality of crenels 24. As depicted, merlons 18 of the leading edge are transversely aligned with crenels 24 of the trailing edge and crenels 20 of the leading edge are transversely aligned with merlons 22 of the trailing edge, The crenels 24 have a cross-web dimension substantially the same as the cross-web dimension of the merlons 18 at the leading edge 14 of the band. Similarly, the merlons 33 of the trailing edge 16 may have a cross-web dimension substantially the same as the cross-web dimension of the crenels 20 of the leading edge 14. The distance between the top of a merlon 22 and the bottom of an adjacent crenel 24 at the trailing edge may also lie in the range of about 2mm to about 5mm, and preferably may be about 3 mm. As with the merlons 18 and crenels 20 of the leading edge 14, the merlons 22 and crenels 24 of the trailing edge may be generally rectangular, generally quadrilateral, generally trapezoidal, generally triangular, generally hexagonal, or other geometric configurations.
The bottom of the crenels 20 of the leading edge is preferably spaced from the bottom of the crenels 24 of the trailing edge by a distance x lying In the range of about 2mm to about 5mm, and preferably In the range of about 3mm to about 4mm. With such an arrangement, a substantially continuous band of width x extends transversely across the base web 10. The bottom of the crenels 20 of the leading edge correspond to a leading edge of the substantially continuous band, while the bottom of the crenels 24 of the trailing edge correspond to a trailing edge of the substantially continuous band.
Adjacent banded regions 12 of the paper web 10 are spaced longitudinally from one another by a nominal spacing. That nominal spacing may lie in the range of about 10 to about 30 mm. While the depth of the crenels 20 on the leading edge of the banded region 12 and the depth of the crenels 24 on the trailing edge of the banded region 12 are shown In FIG. 2 to be the same, it is within the scope of this disclosure to make those depths different, if desired.
The cross-directional dimensions of the merlons 18, 22 and the crenels 20, 24 may be substantially the same as depicted in FIG. 2. Preferably, however, an integral number of pairs of merlons 18 and crenels 20 have a cross-web dimension corresponding to the nominal circumference of a smoking article. For example, two sets of merlons 18 and crenels 20 may have cross-web dimensions of about 6.2mm so that two pairs of each have a total cross-web dimension of about 24.8 mm, which corresponds to the nominal circumference of a smoking article. With such sizing for the melons and crenels, when the base web 10 is split longitudinally to form bobbins of wrapper paper for smoking article, for example at lines 30, 32, the crenellated pattern of the banded region 12 will substantially perfectly overlap at a longitudinal seam making the tobacco rod.
Turning to FIG. 3, the proportions of the merlons 44 and the crenels 46 of the leading edge 40 are different from the arrangement of FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, the merlons 44 may have a cross-web dimension of about half the cross-web dimension of the associated crenel 46. Nevertheless, an integral number of pairs of merlons 44 and crenels 48 corresponds to the nominal circumference of smoking article, as discussed above. The height of the merlons 44, or depth of the crenels 46 preferably lies in the same range of values as discussed In connection with FIG. 2.
Stated differently, when establishing a printing pattern for a roll of crenellated paper, the pattern should repeat itself across the roll according to a transverse dimension equal to the nominal circumference of the cigarette that is to bear the pattern, even though the roll may be slit at a slightly greater dimension than the nominal circumference of the cigarette (to provide edge portions for the seam along the tobacco rod). This practice will assure establishment of the pattern as intended on the cigarette regardless of where slitting is initiated or the dimensions of the seam. For example, if the cigarette la to have a pattern of eight (8) merlons and the cigarette is to have a nominal circumference of the cigarette of 24.8 mm, the roll of crenellated paper would be slit every 27 mm but the pattern of eight (8) merlons would repeat every 24.8 mm.
At the trailing edge of the embodiment of FIG. 3, the cross-web dimensions of the trailing edge merlons 50 and the trailing edge crenels 48 are different from the cross-web dimensions of the leading edge merlons 44 and the leading edge crenels 46. Here again, however, an integral number of set of merlons 48 and crenels 50 have a cross web dimension corresponding to the nominal circumference of a smoking article. As shown, the cross-web dimension of the crenels 46 is substantially less than the cross-web dimension of the merlons 44 on the opposed portion of the leading edge 40. Moreover, the depth of the crenels 48, or the height of the merlons 50 lies In the range of dimensions discussed above in connection with FIG. 2. Furthermore, the spacing between the bottom of the crenels 46 on the leading edge and the bottom of the crenels 48 on the trailing edge also lies in the range of dimension discussed above in connection with FIG. 2. Spacing between adjacent banded regions 12 in FIG. 3 also lies in the same range discussed above in connection with FIG. 2.
Turning to FIG. 4, the leading edge 14 of the banded region 12 may have substantially the same characteristics discussed above in connection with FIG. 2. However, the trailing edge 64 may have merlons 60 having cross-web dimensions substantially greater than the cross-web dimensions of the opposed crenels 20 of the leading edge, while the cross-web dimensions of the trailing edge crenels 62 are substantially less than the cross-web dimensions of the corresponding opposed merlons 18 of the leading edge 14. Spacing between the crenellated leading and trailing edges in FIG. 4, and longitudinal spacing between adjacent banded regions 12 of FIG. 4 are substantially the same as described above in connection with FIG. 2.
Merlons of the leading edge may have a transverse dimension In the range of about 3mm to about 7 mm. For example, merlons of the leading edge may have a transverse dimension of about 3.1 mm, about 4.2 mm, or about 6.2 mm. Crenele of the leading edge may have a transverse dimension in the range of about 3 mm and about 7 mm. For example, crenels of the leading edge may have a transverse dimension of about 3.1 mm, about 4.2 mm, about 5.2 mm, or about 6.2 mm. Merlons of the trailing edge may have a transverse dimension in the range of about 6mm and about 10 mm. For example, merlons of the trailing edge may have a transverse dimension of about 5.775 mm, about 6.2 mm, or about 6.775 mm. Crenels of the trailing edge may have a transverse dimension in the range of about 1 mm and about 7 mm. For example, crenels of the trailing edge may have a transverse dimension of about 1 mm, about 2.1 mm, or about 6.2 mm.
A smoking article may comprise a tobacco rod and a wrapper as described herein. The wrapper preferably has a dimension in cross-direction that takes into account a circumference of the tobacco rod and an overlapping seam. As a result, regardless of where the wrapper is slit, when forming the smoking article there is always an exact overlap of the crenellated pattern. Stated otherwise, dimensions in cross-direction of merlons and crenels of the crenellated banded region are determined such that on the smoking article, the leading edge of the banded region preferably comprises at least two crenels and at least two merlons. For example, the leading edge of the banded region can comprise two crenels and two merlons, three crenels and three merlons, or four crenels and four merlons. Thus, regardless of how the smoking article is placed on a substrate during ASTM testing, there is always symmetry of the banded region. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that as the smoking article Iles on the substrate during smoldering, combustion is modulated by the crenellated leading edge; specifically, merlons of the leading edge reduce the progression of the smoldering, while crenels of the leading edge allow a limited amount of smoldering to continue during free bum conditions. Accordingly, desirable self-extinguishment and ignition propensity characteristics should be achievable.
As presently understood, the banded regions of add-on material according to this description permit a smoking article to be designed with an advantageous combination of low ignition propensity values and low self-extinguishment values. The low permeability banded regions of add-on material provide areas of film-forming compound along the length of the tobacco rod which can cooperate with a substrate to extinguish the lit smoking article when it is placed on a substrate, yet these areas of film-forming compound do not cause the smoking article to self-extinguish when the smoking article is held by a smoker in a free bum condition. Thus, the smoking article can exhibit a reduced ignition proclivity while retaining a desirable free-burn quality or low self-extinguishment value by applying banded regions of film-forming compound to the base web according to this description. The add-on material can be applied to one or to both sides of the base web.
To achieve desirable ignition propensity and self-extinguishment characteristics of the smoking article, banded regions are applied to the base web of the wrapper paper. An object of this description is to provide wrapper papers which, when formed into a tobacco rod, exhibit ignition propensity values no greater than 25% and self-extinguishment values no greater than 50%. Even more preferred, is an ignition propensity value for the resulting smoking article no greater than about 15%; and the most preferred ignition propensity value for the resulting smoking article is no greater than about 10%. Lower self-extinguishment values are also desired. In this connection, a more preferred self-extinguishment value is less than about 25%; while the most preferred self-extinguishment value is less than about 10%.
The transverse dimensions of the wrapper paper are selected based on the diameter of the finished smoking article (about 7 mm to about 10 mm) and allowing for overlapping material at a longitudinal seam of about 1 mm to about 2 mm. For example, allowing for 1mm overlapping seams, the wrapper paper dimension in cross-direction may be about 27 mm for a smoking article having a circumference of about 25.6 mm.
The banded regions may be formed by applying one or more layers of an aqueous film-forming composition to the base web of the wrapper paper to reduce the permeability of the paper In those banded regions. Alternatively, a cellulosic material may also be used to form the banded regions. Where a film-forming composition is used, that film-forming composition preferably may Include water and a high concentration of an occluding agent, e.g., 20% to about 50% by weight. The film-forming compound can include one or more occluding agents such as starch, alginate, cellulose or gum and may also include calcium carbonate as a filter. Where starch is the film-forming compound, a concentration of about 24% may be advantageous.
The film-forming composition may be applied to the base web of the wrapper paper 24 using gravure printing, digital printing, coating or spraying using a template, or any other suitable technique. For example, the film-forming compounds and methods for applying film-forming compounds described in US-A1-2007/0102017 may be chosen for applying banded regions to the base web of the wrapper paper. If desired, the banded regions of add-on material can be formed by printing multiple, successive layers, e.g., two or more successive layers registered or aligned with one another. Furthermore, when layers are used to form the banded regions of add-on material, the material in layers may be the same of different. For example, one layer may be starch while the next layer may be starch and calcium carbonate.
Additionally, the ability to extinguish the smoking article may depend more on providing minimum lengthwise extent of film-forming compound, rather than a particular weight per area of film-forming compound. The amount of film-forming compound used may be increased without losing a free-burn quality if a bum accelerator is applied to the paper. Preferably, the banded regions of add-on material reduce permeability of the wrapper paper to the range of from about 0 to about 10 Coresta.
A multiple stage printing apparatus as described herein typically includes a reel, first gravure printing station, second gravure printing station, third gravure printing station, collection reel, rollers, impression cylinder, backing roller, nips, reservoir, pump, heat exchanger, applicator, bath, collector, drain, doctor blade, adjustment cylinders, and idler roller.
As an alternative to a gravure printing operation, the banded regions, or stripes, can be applied to a base web using the same cellulosic material that forms the base web. The banded regions may comprise a slurry of highly refined fibrous cellulose (e.g., fibers, fibrils, microfibrils, or combinations thereof) or other add-on material applied using various spray or coating techniques, including application techniques that utilize a moving orifice applicator at the forming section of a paper-making machine as described in US-A-5 997 691 and US-A-6 596 125 . While in the past such technology has been used to fashion circumferentially banded regions, by adjusting the relative motion between the paper web and the moving orifice band of the equipment described in commonly owned US-A-5 997 691 and US-A-6 696 125 , the banded regions of this disclosure can readily be fashioned. It is appreciated that such arrangement operates the moving orifice device at a slower belt speed which is conducive to applying broader bands and greater application rates.
The terms and phases used herein are not to be interpreted with mathematical or geometric precision, rather geometric terminology is to be interpreted as meaning approximating or similar to the geometric terms and concepts. Terms such as "generally" are intended to encompass both precise meanings of the associated terms and concepts as well as to provide reasonable latitude which is consistent with form, function, and/or meaning. The term "about" when used in connection with numerical quantities is Intended to include values within a tolerance of 10% of the stated quantities.
While various embodiments have been described, it is to be understood that various modifications, variations, and equivalents may be resorted to as will be apparent to those skilled In the art. Such modifications, variations, and equivalents are to be considered within the purview and scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

A wrapper for a smoking article comprising;
a base web (10) having a nominal permeability; and

a banded region (12) comprising sufficient add-on material such that the wrapper has a permeability at the banded region less than the nominal permeability of the base web,
wherein the banded region comprises a substantially continuous band that is about 4mm or less wide and a leading edge (14)(40) and a trailing edge (16)(42)(64) of the banded region are crenellated and wherein merlons (18)(44) of the leading edge are transversely aligned with crenels (24)(48)(62) of the trailing edge and crenels (20)(46) of the leading edge are transversely aligned with merlons (22)(50)(60) of the trailing edge.
A wrapper according to claim 1 wherein merlons (18) of the leading edge (14) have transverse dimensions equal to crenels (24) of the trailing edge (16) and crenels (20) of the leading edge have transverse dimensions equal to merlons (22) of the trailing edge.
A wrapper according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the banded region comprises a substantially continuous band and a distance between tops of merlons (18)(44) of the leading edge (14)(40) and the substantially continuous band is about 4mm or less.
A wrapper according to any preceding claim wherein the banded region (12) comprises a substantially continuous band, and further wherein a distance between tops of merlons (18)(44) of the leading edge (14)(40) and the substantially continuous band is about 4mm or less and the bottom of crenels (20)(46) of the leading edge correspond to a leading edge of the substantially continuous band.
A wrapper according to any preceding claim wherein crenels (20) of the leading edge (14)(40) and merlons of the leading edge have transverse dimensions that are substantially the same.
A smoking article comprising a tobacco rod (2) and a wrapper according to any preceding claim.
A smoking article according to claim 6 wherein the wrapper has a length In cross-direction that takes Into account a circumference of the tobacco rod (2).
A smoking article according to claim 6 or 7 wherein the leading edge (14)(40) comprises at least two crenels (20)(46) and at least two merlons (18)(44).