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EP2134533A2 - Method for making a thermoplastic composite part by moulding - Google Patents

Method for making a thermoplastic composite part by moulding

Info

Publication number
EP2134533A2
EP2134533A2 EP08788074A EP08788074A EP2134533A2 EP 2134533 A2 EP2134533 A2 EP 2134533A2 EP 08788074 A EP08788074 A EP 08788074A EP 08788074 A EP08788074 A EP 08788074A EP 2134533 A2 EP2134533 A2 EP 2134533A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
mold
pressure
composite
molding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08788074A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vincent Duqueine
Maurice Guitton
Claude Baril
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tecalemit Aerospace Composites SAS
Original Assignee
Carbone Forge SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0754141A external-priority patent/FR2924377A1/en
Application filed by Carbone Forge SARL filed Critical Carbone Forge SARL
Publication of EP2134533A2 publication Critical patent/EP2134533A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/004—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore making articles by joining parts moulded in separate cavities, said parts being in said separate cavities during said joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
    • B29K2995/0013—Conductive

Definitions

  • thermoplastic composite part
  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part.
  • the present invention is intended to enable the manufacture of composite parts of complex shapes, and having parts or zones to meet different constraints.
  • thermoplastic composite part Processes for molding a thermoplastic composite part are already known for forming a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix.
  • the fibers may be of different types, for example glass, carbon or aramid, while the matrix is for example epoxide or phenolic or other type.
  • the known processes are, for example, those described in documents EP 0 916 477 and EP 1 382 436.
  • the first concerns a process for molding a composite material part from a nonwoven web of fibers embedded in a thermosetting matrix. or thermoplastic, wherein said web is previously molded, cut into a plurality of rectangular elements which are then arranged three-dimensionally.
  • the three-dimensional arrangement makes it possible to obtain a preferred orientation of the fibers, which have a length between
  • the second relates to a method of molding a composite material part, consisting of placing in a mold a stack of plies taken from a sheet of fibers embedded in a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix, and arranged in preferential directions of said fibers, then to subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature.
  • This method makes it possible to obtain composite parts of high strength and homogeneity, with good control of the fiber orientations in the case of parts of simple geometry, but in the case of complex geometry, this method does not allow not to completely guarantee the fiber orientations predefined initially to the design activity of parts to be molded, these orientations being directly related to the size of these parts able to withstand multiple constraints.
  • EP 0 255 315 is a process for producing laminated sheets made of reinforced thermoplastic material, which layers whose elasticity and / or degree of reinforcement properties are different, and intended to be used in an operation of molding. Such a method does not solve the problem of manufacturing complex parts.
  • Document EP 1 151 850 also discloses a process for manufacturing reinforced composite material parts. This method proposes to manufacture a part by assembling preformed laminated sheets, then to assemble these preformed plates. and bonded by a heating operation under pressure to achieve a joint adent. In addition to the fact that it is reserved for the treatment of semi-rigid thermosetting resin materials, this method does not solve the problem of the manufacture of parts of complex shapes, that is to say others that come from the assembly of deformed plates, and having parts or zones to meet different constraints.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part making it possible to remedy the various aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a composite part coming from the assembly of several parts each pre-consolidated by a molding operation.
  • the implantation of the pre-consolidated parts makes it possible to obtain optimized control of the positions and orientations of the reinforcing fibers.
  • the nature and the dimensions of the fibers used, as well as their proportion in the composite material, in a part of a part are chosen according to the needs to which said part must respond, namely, for example, the need for resistance to abrasion, impact, need for rigidity, or electrical or thermal conductivity.
  • the method it is possible, among others, to choose to mold one or other of the parts of the composite part to be produced, a composite material consisting of electrically conductive fibers and / or thermally conductive fibers.
  • the particular conditions of pressure consist of high pressure conditions.
  • the high pressure consists of a pressure of between 50 and 200 bar.
  • the particular temperature conditions consist of a heating temperature of between 125 and 135 ° C.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic view illustrating a phase of manufacture of a composite part through the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view illustrating another phase of manufacture of the same piece.
  • FIG. 1 there can be seen three elements 1, 2 and 3 of composite material, each manufactured by a molding method of placing in a mold a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, while arranging said material so that the fibers it comprises are oriented in one or more preferred directions, and then subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature.
  • Each of the elements is manufactured and consolidated, and has certain specificities because of the nature and dimensions of the fibers contained in the composite material used, but also according to the orientation given to the fibers during the introduction of the composite material into the mold. .
  • the three elements 1, 2 and 3 are assembled in order to be introduced into a mold and then to subject the latter to particular conditions of pressure and temperature, so that finally, after consolidation, a piece P whose parts have different specificities.
  • thermoplastic matrices used are completely recyclable and can be consolidated several times, which is not possible for example with thermosetting resins.
  • the process is carried out with dry materials which favor the optimal placement of the fibers in a structure.
  • dry materials which favor the optimal placement of the fibers in a structure. These materials can be preformed and pre-welded in given sectors for a good maintenance of the geometry, and then consolidated or reconsolidated to the good shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for making a thermoplastic composite part by moulding, that comprises: making several portions of the part according to a moulding method that comprises placing in a mould a composite material containing fibres imbedded in a thermoplastic matrix while arranging the material so that the fibres contained therein are oriented along one or more preferred directions; submitting said mould to particular pressure and temperature conditions knowing that for each of the different portions, the fibres may be of different natures and dimensions and may be oriented in different directions while the thermoplastic matrix and that of the material used for making the first portion are identical or compatible; and assembling the different portions obtained, placing them in a mould, and submitting the latter to particular pressure and temperature conditions.

Description

Procédé de fabrication par moulage d'une pièce composite thermoplastiqueMethod of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication par moulage d'une pièce composite thermoplastique.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part.
La présente invention a notamment pour but de permettre la fabrication de pièces composites de formes complexes , et présentant des parties ou zones devant répondre à des contraintes différentes .The present invention is intended to enable the manufacture of composite parts of complex shapes, and having parts or zones to meet different constraints.
On connait déjà des procédés de moulage d'une pièce composite thermoplastique, destinés à mettre en forme un matériau composite constitué de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermoplastique. Les fibres peuvent être de différentes natures, par exemple du verre, du carbone ou de l'aramide, tandis que la matrice est par exemple du type époxyde ou phénolique ou autre.Processes for molding a thermoplastic composite part are already known for forming a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix. The fibers may be of different types, for example glass, carbon or aramid, while the matrix is for example epoxide or phenolic or other type.
Les procédés connus sont par exemple ceux décrits dans les documents EP 0 916 477 et EP 1 382 436. Le premier concerne un procédé de moulage d'une pièce en matériau composite à partir d'une nappe non tissée de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, où ladite nappe est préalablement au moulage, découpée en une multiplicité d'éléments rectangulaires qui sont ensuite arrangés tridimensionnellement .The known processes are, for example, those described in documents EP 0 916 477 and EP 1 382 436. The first concerns a process for molding a composite material part from a nonwoven web of fibers embedded in a thermosetting matrix. or thermoplastic, wherein said web is previously molded, cut into a plurality of rectangular elements which are then arranged three-dimensionally.
L'arrangement tridimensionnel permet d'obtenir une orientation préférée des fibres , qui présentent une longueur comprise entreThe three-dimensional arrangement makes it possible to obtain a preferred orientation of the fibers, which have a length between
50 et 100 mm, dans une zone définie de la pièce obtenue, en sorte de favoriser la résistance de cette zone destinée à être soumise à un effort particulier, résistance limitée du fait d'une utilisation de fibres discontinues. L'inconvénient d'un tel procédé réside en ce que la mise en œuvre de l'arrangement tridimensionnel demeure une opération délicate et coûteuse en temps de mise en oeuvre, et qu'il est difficile d'obtenir une pièce composite comprenant plusieurs zones susceptibles d'être soumises à des efforts de directions différentes, et d'avoir un bon contrôle des orientations de fibres prédéfinies initialement à la conception et au dimensionnement des pièces à réaliser.50 and 100 mm, in a defined area of the room obtained, so as to promote the resistance of this area to be subjected to a particular effort, limited resistance due to the use of staple fibers. The disadvantage of such a method lies in the fact that the implementation of the three-dimensional arrangement remains a delicate and costly operation. implementation time, and that it is difficult to obtain a composite part comprising a plurality of zones that can be subjected to forces of different directions, and to have good control of the fiber orientations predefined initially to the design and the sizing of the parts to be made.
Le second concerne un procédé de moulage d' une pièce en matériau composite, consistant à placer dans un moule un empilement de plis prélevés dans une nappe de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, et arrangés selon des directions préférentielles desdites fibres , puis à soumettre ledit moule à des conditions particulières de pression et de température .The second relates to a method of molding a composite material part, consisting of placing in a mold a stack of plies taken from a sheet of fibers embedded in a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix, and arranged in preferential directions of said fibers, then to subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature.
Ce procédé permet d'obtenir des pièces composites d'une grande résistance et d'une grande homogénéité, avec un bon contrôle des orientations de fibres dans le cas de pièces de géométrie simple, mais dans le cas de géométrie complexe, ce procédé ne permet pas de garantir totalement les orientations de fibres prédéfinies initialement à l ' activité de conception de pièces à mouler, ces orientations étant directement liées au dimensionnent de ces pièces aptes à résister à de multiples contraintes .This method makes it possible to obtain composite parts of high strength and homogeneity, with good control of the fiber orientations in the case of parts of simple geometry, but in the case of complex geometry, this method does not allow not to completely guarantee the fiber orientations predefined initially to the design activity of parts to be molded, these orientations being directly related to the size of these parts able to withstand multiple constraints.
On connait également par le document EP 0 255 315 un procédé de fabrication de feuilles laminées en matière thermoplastique renforcée, qui des couches dont les propriétés d'élasticité et/ou de degré de renforcement sont différentes , et destinées à être utilisées dans une opération de moulage . Un tel procédé ne permet pas de résoudre le problème de la fabrication de pièces complexes .Also known from EP 0 255 315 is a process for producing laminated sheets made of reinforced thermoplastic material, which layers whose elasticity and / or degree of reinforcement properties are different, and intended to be used in an operation of molding. Such a method does not solve the problem of manufacturing complex parts.
On connait également par le document EP 1 151 850, un procédé de fabrication de pièces en matière composite renforcée . Ce procédé propose de fabriquer une pièce par assemblage de plaques stratifiées préformées, puis d'assembler ces plaques préformées et de les liées par une opération de chauffage sous pression pour réaliser un joint adent. Outre le fait qu'il est réservé au traitement des matériaux semi-rigides à résine thermodurcissable, ce procédé ne permet pas de résoudre le problème de la fabrication de pièces de formes complexes, c'est- à-dire autres que venant de l'assemblage de plaques déformées, et présentant des parties ou zones devant répondre à des contraintes différentes .Document EP 1 151 850 also discloses a process for manufacturing reinforced composite material parts. This method proposes to manufacture a part by assembling preformed laminated sheets, then to assemble these preformed plates. and bonded by a heating operation under pressure to achieve a joint adent. In addition to the fact that it is reserved for the treatment of semi-rigid thermosetting resin materials, this method does not solve the problem of the manufacture of parts of complex shapes, that is to say others that come from the assembly of deformed plates, and having parts or zones to meet different constraints.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de fabrication par moulage d'une pièce composite thermoplastique permettant de remédier aux divers inconvénients précités .The object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part making it possible to remedy the various aforementioned drawbacks.
Le procédé de fabrication par moulage d'une pièce composite thermoplastique selon l'invention ce caractérise en ce qu'il consiste à :The method of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part according to the invention that characterizes it consists in:
- réaliser une partie de ladite pièce composite, au travers d'un procédé de moulage consistant à mettre en place dans un moule un matériau composite constitué de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermoplastique, tout en arrangeant ledit matériau en sorte que les fibres qu ' il comporte soient orientées selon une ou plusieurs directions préférentielles , puis à soumettre ledit moule à des conditions particulières de pression et de température ,- Making a part of said composite part, through a molding process of placing in a mold a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, while arranging said material so that the fibers that it comprises being oriented in one or more preferential directions, then subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature,
réaliser au moins une seconde partie de ladite pièce composite, au travers d'un procédé de moulage consistant à mettre en place dans un moule soit un matériau composite constitué de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermoplastique, tout en arrangeant ledit matériau en sorte que les fibres qu ' il comporte soient orientées selon une ou plusieurs directions préférentielles, soit un matériau constitué de ladite matrice thermoplastique, puis à soumettre ledit moule à des conditions particulières de pression et de température, sachant que pour chacune des différentes parties les fibres , quand elle en contient, sont susceptibles d'être de natures et de dimensions différentes, et orientées différemment, ainsi que dans des proportion différentes , tandis que la matrice thermoplastique et celle du matériau utilisé pour fabriquer la première partie sont identiques ou compatibles ,performing at least a second portion of said composite part, through a molding process of placing in a mold either a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, while arranging said material so that the fibers that it comprises being oriented in one or more preferential directions, or a material consisting of said thermoplastic matrix, then subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature, knowing that for each of the different parts the fibers, when it contains, are likely to be of different natures and sizes, and oriented differently, as well as in different proportions, while the thermoplastic matrix and that of the material used to make the first part are identical or compatible,
puis assembler les différentes parties obtenues , les introduire dans un moule, puis à soumettre ce dernier à des conditions particulières de pression et de température.then assemble the different parts obtained, introduce them into a mold, then submit it to particular conditions of pressure and temperature.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet ainsi d'obtenir une pièce composite venant de l'assemblage de plusieurs parties chacune pré-consolidée par une opération de moulage.The method according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a composite part coming from the assembly of several parts each pre-consolidated by a molding operation.
L'implantation des parties pré-consolidées permet d'obtenir un contrôle optimisé des positions et orientations des fibres de renfort .The implantation of the pre-consolidated parts makes it possible to obtain optimized control of the positions and orientations of the reinforcing fibers.
Il est possible d'utiliser des fibres différentes pour chacune des parties, avec toutefois l'obligation d'utiliser une matrice thermoplastique identique ou compatible pour pouvoir réaliser les multiples consolidations .It is possible to use different fibers for each of the parts, with however the obligation to use an identical or compatible thermoplastic matrix to be able to achieve the multiple consolidations.
La nature et les dimensions des fibres utilisées, ainsi que leur proportion dans le matériau composite, dans une partie d'une pièce sont choisies selon les besoins auxquels doit répondre ladite partie , à savoir par exemple , besoin de résistance à l'abrasion, à l'impact, besoin de rigidité, ou de conductibilité électrique ou thermique .The nature and the dimensions of the fibers used, as well as their proportion in the composite material, in a part of a part are chosen according to the needs to which said part must respond, namely, for example, the need for resistance to abrasion, impact, need for rigidity, or electrical or thermal conductivity.
Ainsi, selon le procédé, on peut, entre autres, choisir pour mouler l'une ou l'autre des parties de la pièce composite à réaliser, un matériau composite constitué de fibres conductrices électriquement et/ou de fibres conductrices thermiquement . Selon une caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, les conditions particulières de pression consistent en des conditions de haute pression.Thus, according to the method, it is possible, among others, to choose to mold one or other of the parts of the composite part to be produced, a composite material consisting of electrically conductive fibers and / or thermally conductive fibers. According to an additional feature of the method according to the invention, the particular conditions of pressure consist of high pressure conditions.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, la haute pression consiste en une pression comprise entre 50 et 200 bars.According to another additional characteristic of the process according to the invention, the high pressure consists of a pressure of between 50 and 200 bar.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, les conditions particulières de température consistent en une température de chauffage comprise entre 125 et 135 0C.According to another additional feature of the process according to the invention, the particular temperature conditions consist of a heating temperature of between 125 and 135 ° C.
Les avantages et les caractéristiques du procédé selon l'invention, ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit et qui se rapporte au dessin annexé, lequel en représente un mode de réalisation non limitatif.The advantages and characteristics of the method according to the invention will become more clearly apparent from the description which follows and which refers to the appended drawing, which represents a non-limiting embodiment thereof.
Dans le dessin annexé :In the attached drawing:
- la figure 1 représente une vue schématique illustrant une phase de fabrication d'un pièce composite au travers du procédé selon l'inventionFIG. 1 represents a schematic view illustrating a phase of manufacture of a composite part through the method according to the invention
- la figure 2 représente une vue schématique illustrant une autre phase de fabrication de la même pièce .- Figure 2 shows a schematic view illustrating another phase of manufacture of the same piece.
En référence à la figure 1 , on peut voir trois éléments 1 , 2 et 3 en matériau composite, chacun fabriqué selon un procédé de moulage consistant à mettre en place dans un moule un matériau composite constitué de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermoplastique, tout en arrangeant ledit matériau en sorte que les fibres qu ' il comporte soient orientées selon une ou plusieurs directions préférentielles, puis à soumettre ledit moule à des conditions particulières de pression et de température . Chacun des éléments est fabriqué et consolidé, et présente certaines spécificités du fait de la nature et des dimensions des fibres contenues dans le matériau composite utilisé, mais également selon l ' orientation donnée audites fibres lors de la mise en place du matériau composite dans le moule.Referring to Figure 1, there can be seen three elements 1, 2 and 3 of composite material, each manufactured by a molding method of placing in a mold a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, while arranging said material so that the fibers it comprises are oriented in one or more preferred directions, and then subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature. Each of the elements is manufactured and consolidated, and has certain specificities because of the nature and dimensions of the fibers contained in the composite material used, but also according to the orientation given to the fibers during the introduction of the composite material into the mold. .
En référence maintenant à la figure 2 , on peut voir que les trois éléments 1, 2 et 3 sont assemblés en vue d'être introduits dans un moule puis à soumettre ce dernier à des conditions particulières de pression et de température, en sorte d'obtenir au final après consolidation, une pièce P dont des parties présentent des spécificités différentes .Referring now to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the three elements 1, 2 and 3 are assembled in order to be introduced into a mold and then to subject the latter to particular conditions of pressure and temperature, so that finally, after consolidation, a piece P whose parts have different specificities.
De manière avantageuse, les matrices thermoplastiques utilisées sont complètement recyclables et permettant d'être consolidées à plusieurs reprises, ce qui n'est par exemple pas possible avec les résines thermodurcissables .Advantageously, the thermoplastic matrices used are completely recyclable and can be consolidated several times, which is not possible for example with thermosetting resins.
Egalement de manière avantageuse, le procédé est réalisé avec des matériaux secs qui favorisent la mise en place optimale des fibres dans une structure . Ces matériaux peuvent être préformés et pré-soudés dans des secteurs donnés pour un bon maintien de la géométrie, et ensuite consolidés ou reconsolidés à la bonne forme . Also advantageously, the process is carried out with dry materials which favor the optimal placement of the fibers in a structure. These materials can be preformed and pre-welded in given sectors for a good maintenance of the geometry, and then consolidated or reconsolidated to the good shape.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Procédé de fabrication par moulage d'une pièce composite thermoplastique caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :1) Method of manufacturing by molding a thermoplastic composite part characterized in that it consists of:
- réaliser une partie de ladite pièce composite, au travers d'un procédé de moulage consistant à mettre en place dans un moule un matériau composite constitué de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermoplastique, tout en arrangeant ledit matériau en sorte que les fibres qu ' il comporte soient orientées selon une ou plusieurs directions préférentielles , puis à soumettre ledit moule à des conditions particulières de pression et de température ,- Making a part of said composite part, through a molding process of placing in a mold a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, while arranging said material so that the fibers that it comprises being oriented in one or more preferential directions, then subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature,
réaliser au moins une seconde partie de ladite pièce composite, au travers d'un procédé de moulage consistant à mettre en place dans un moule soit un matériau composite constitué de fibres noyées dans une matrice thermoplastique, tout en arrangeant ledit matériau en sorte que les fibres qu ' il comporte soient orientées selon une ou plusieurs directions préférentielles, soit un matériau constitué de ladite matrice thermoplastique, puis à soumettre ledit moule à des conditions particulières de pression et de température, sachant que pour chacune des différentes parties les fibres , quand elle en contient, sont susceptibles d'être de natures et de dimensions différentes, et orientées différemment, ainsi que dans des proportion différentes , tandis que la matrice thermoplastique et celle du matériau utilisé pour fabriquer la première partie sont identiques ou compatibles ,performing at least a second portion of said composite part, through a molding process of placing in a mold either a composite material consisting of fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, while arranging said material so that the fibers that it comprises being oriented in one or more preferential directions, or a material consisting of said thermoplastic matrix, then subjecting said mold to particular conditions of pressure and temperature, knowing that for each of the different parts the fibers, when it contains, are likely to be of different natures and sizes, and oriented differently, as well as in different proportions, while the thermoplastic matrix and that of the material used to make the first part are identical or compatible,
puis assembler les différentes parties obtenues , les introduire dans un moule, puis à soumettre ce dernier à des conditions particulières de pression et de température. 2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on choisi , pour mouler l ' une ou l ' autre des parties de la pièce composite à réaliser, un matériau composite constitué de fibres conductrices électriquement.then assemble the different parts obtained, introduce them into a mold, then submit it to particular conditions of pressure and temperature. 2) Process according to claim 1, characterized in that it is chosen, for molding one or other of the parts of the composite part to be produced, a composite material consisting of electrically conductive fibers.
3) Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on choisi, pour mouler l'une ou l'autre des parties de la pièce composite à réaliser, un matériau composite constitué de fibres conductrices thermiquement.3) Process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it is chosen, for molding one or other of the parts of the composite part to be produced, a composite material consisting of thermally conductive fibers.
4) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce que les conditions particulières de pression consistent en des conditions de haute pression.4) Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particular conditions of pressure consist of high pressure conditions.
5) Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la haute pression consiste en une pression comprise entre 50 et 200 bars .5) Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the high pressure consists of a pressure of between 50 and 200 bar.
6) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce que les conditions particulières de température consistent en une température de chauffage comprise entre 125 et 135 0C. 6) Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particular temperature conditions consist of a heating temperature of between 125 and 135 ° C.
EP08788074A 2007-03-29 2008-03-28 Method for making a thermoplastic composite part by moulding Withdrawn EP2134533A2 (en)

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FR0754141A FR2924377A1 (en) 2007-03-29 2007-03-29 Thermoplastic composite part making method, involves making portions of composite part based on molding process, assembling portions, placing portions in mold, and submitting portions to particular pressure and temperature conditions
FR0756138A FR2924378B1 (en) 2007-03-29 2007-06-29 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE BY MOLDING A THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE PIECE
PCT/FR2008/050548 WO2008139077A2 (en) 2007-03-29 2008-03-28 Method for making a thermoplastic composite part by moulding

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US8066927B2 (en) 2011-11-29
FR2924378A1 (en) 2009-06-05
JP2010522652A (en) 2010-07-08
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WO2008139077A3 (en) 2008-12-31
FR2924378B1 (en) 2010-01-01

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