Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
  • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricant for transmissions, having good lubricating properties and a relatively high traction coefficient.
• the present invention provides a fluid which is suitable for lubricating a wide variety of mechanical power transmission devices, including automatic transmissions, manual transmissions, automatic manual transmissions, dual clutch transmissions, traction drives such as toroidal traction drives, continuously variable transmissions such as push-belt transmissions and pull- chain transmissions, infinitely variable transmissions, hybrid transmissions, and transmissions for hybrid-powered vehicles or for gasoline, diesel, or electric powered vehicles.
• mechanical power transmission devices including automatic transmissions, manual transmissions, automatic manual transmissions, dual clutch transmissions, traction drives such as toroidal traction drives, continuously variable transmissions such as push-belt transmissions and pull- chain transmissions, infinitely variable transmissions, hybrid transmissions, and transmissions for hybrid-powered vehicles or for gasoline, diesel, or electric powered vehicles.
• Traction fluids based on a variety of base fluids are known.
• U.S. patent 6,372,696. Tipton, April 16, 2002 discloses traction fluid formulations including a base fluid of polymers of at least one olefin containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, hydrocarbon molecules containing non-aromatic cyclic moieties, or mixtures thereof; a low-temperature viscosity control agent (such as polymers or oligomers of linear ⁇ -olefins), and an additive package of dispers- ants and detergents.
• Examples contain phosphoric acid and dialkyl hydrogen phosphite and alkyl phosphite friction modifier. The same examples also include dialkyl dimercaptothiadiazole.
• U.S. Patent 5,043,497 discloses a lubricating oil for a traction drive, mainly composed of a naphthenic hydrocarbon having 19 carbon atoms comprising two substituted cyclohexane rings linked by a methylene group
• Additives for ordinary lubricating oils such as antioxidants, agents for increasing the viscosity index, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, defoamers, and so forth are added as necessary.
• Calcium sulfonate is disclosed as a detergent.
• U.S. Patent 3,975,278, Wygant, August 17, 1976 discloses hydro- genated dimers of ⁇ -alkyl styrene, which are useful as tractive fluids.
• Additives such as VI improvers, antioxidants, an ti wear agents, corrosion inhibitors, dispersanls, and dyes can be included.
• the lubricant described can contain other oils and additives, e.g., a sludge dispersant.
• An especially useful additive, combining detergency, corrosion inhibition and friction improvement at high speeds, is a Mg, Ca or Ba salt (especially a super-based salt) of certain weak acids.
• Preferred compositions include alkoxylaled fatty amines, other friction modi bombs, antioxidants, overbased metal organic acid, dispersants, viscosity index improver and/or dispersant-viscosily modifier, extreme pressure agent, sea] swell agent, and 85% phosphoric acid.
• the base oils of lubricating viscosity include liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed naphthenic-paraffinic types.
• U.S. patent 6,103,673, Sumiejski et al., August 15, 2000 discloses compositions containing friction modifiers for continuously variable transmissions, including an oil of lubricating viscosity, a shear-stable viscosity modifier, an overbased meta salt, a phosphorus compound, and at least two friction modifiers.
• rOOl 11 The nr p « p rit invention therefore solves the n roblem of "rovidin ⁇ a single fluid that can satisfactorily lubricate one or more of a variety of transmissions, including automatic transmissions, manual transmissions, continuously variable transmissions, dual clutch transmissions, and other mentioned above. It is also suitable for use as a hydraulic fluid, final drive oil, hybrid vehicle fluid, and a fluid for other driveline and industrial applications.
• the present invention provides a lubricant composition suitable for lubricating a transmission, said composition comprising: (a) 1 to 20 weight percent of a compound having a traction coefficient of at least about 0.045 or at least 0.05, selected from the group consisting of: (i) hydrocarbons containing non-aromatic cyclic structures, (ii) polybutenes of number average molecuiar weight 180 to 600, (iii) esters having a branched or non-aromatic cyclic alkyl moiety (for instance, polyol esters having branched or non-aromatic cyclic alkyl moieties in the acid portion or in both the alcohol and acid portions thereof), and mixtures thereof; (b) at least 50 weight percent of an oil of lubricating viscosity, other than a material of component (a); (c) a phosphorus compound, for example, a phosphorus acid or phosphorus ester or salt thereof; and (d) 2,5- dimercapto-
• the first component of the lubricant composition of the present invention is a compound, that is, a fluid or oil, which may be characterized as a traction fluid.
• a fluid will exhibit a traction coefficient of at least 0.045 or at least 0.05.
• Certain such fluids will exhibit a traction coefficient of 0.053 or 0.06 up to 0.12, or 0.08 to 0.10.
• Traction coefficient is the ratio of force transmitted in a sliding/rolling contact, to the normal, or clamping force between rolling elements.
• ⁇ (Traction Coefficient) F (Tangential) / N (Normal)
• the traction coefficient limitation of at least 0.05 and the like refers to measurement at 100 0 C at a 10% slide/roll ratio (SRR). at a speed of 4 m/s. and at 1.25 GPa.
• Certain types of fluids are particularly suited for use in traction fluids because of their inherently good (high) traction coefficients.
• the types of fluids which are particularly suitable include (1) hydrocarbon molecules containing non-aromatic cyclic structures, (2) polybutenes of number average molecular weight 180 to 600; and (3) esters having a branched or non-aromatic cyclic alkyl moiety, for instance, polyol esters having branched or non-aromatic cyclic alkyl moiety in the acid portion thereof or in both the alcohol and acid portions, that is to say, in the portion of the ester corresponding to the constituent alcohol or in the portion corresponding to the constituent acid. Mixtures of these types of materials can also be used.
• the traction fluid component may have a viscosity of greater than 2.5 mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100 0 C (ASTM D-445), such as at least 3.0 mm 2 /s (cSt) or 3.5 mm 2 /s (cSt), typically up to 12.0 mm 2 /s (12.0 cSt) or to 10.0 mnr/s (cSt) or to 8.0 m ⁇ r/s (cSt) or 6.0 mnr/s (cSt) at 100 0 C.
• This component may also contain at least 10 carbon atoms, or at least 12 or 15 or 18 carbon atoms and may, if desired contain up to 200 or to 100 or to 50 carbon atoms.
• Suitable fluids of type (1) include a wide variety of cyclic-containing hydrocarbon molecules. Examples of these include di(cyclohexyl)alkanes, cyclohexyl hydrindans and adamantane compounds, as described in U.S. Patent 3,966,624; esters of cyclohcxanol and cylohexanecarboxylic acid, as described in U.S.
• Patent 4,871 ,476 decahydronaphihalene O'Decalin”TM
• cycohexyldeca- hydronaphthalene alkyl-substituted decahydronaphthaline, alkyl-substituted cyclobexyldecahydronaphthalene, and mixtures thereof, as described in U.S. Patent 3,803.037
• various materials having two cyclohexane rings linked by a methylene group described in U.S. Patent 5,043,497 various hydrocarbon compounds having a bicyclooclane skeleton described in U.S.
• Patent 5.422.027 hydrogenated products of dimers, trimers, or tetramers of norbornanes and/or norbornenes described in U.S. 5, 126,065; hydrogenated dimers, trimers, or polymers of cyclic monoterpenoid monomers described in U.S. Patent 4,975,215; various ter-cyclohexyl compounds disclosed in U.S. 5,850,745; perhydrofluorene derivatives disclosed in U.S. 4.774,013; and preferably linear dimers of hydrogenated ⁇ -alkyl styrene, as described in U.S. Patent 3,975,278.
• any of the above materials may be used in a hydrogenaled form, to assure the removal of carbon unsaturation; indeed, certain hydrogenated styrene derivatives (or cyclohexane derivatives) are inherently hydrogenated species. How- ever, aromatic cyclic structures such as those derived from styrene may also be present in the base fluid, since aromatic cyclic structures are generally considered to be less deleterious than olefinic unsaturation.
• Suitable materials for option (1) of the fluid are predominantly hydrogenaled linear dimers of ⁇ -alkyl styrene. These dimers are said to be predominantly linear, in contrast to the cyclic dimers which represent another possible structure.
• Such materials can be represented by the general structure R R
• Suitable fluids of type (2) include polymers isobutylcne, particularly those having a number average molecular weight of 180 to 600, or 200 to 500.
• the po ⁇ ymer may be hydrogenaled to remove any residual unsaturation.
• Such materials and their preparation are well known and are described, for instance, in U.S . patent 3,966,624, as component A, described particularly in column 12 line 32 through column 16 line 1 1.
• Suitable fluids of type (3) include esters of one or more polyols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 OH groups.
• the acid-derived moiety of the ester may have a branched or cyclic structure, and the polyol-derived portion may also have a branched or cyclic structure.
• suitable polyols include ethylene glycol, L2- and 1 ,3-propylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerine, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, 2-methylpropane-l ,3-diol, 2- methylpropane-l ,2-diol, 2-methy (glycerol, L l , l-tris(hydiOxymcthyl)elhane.
• cyclohexane diol (1 ,2 or 1,3 or 1 ,4 isomers, cis or trans), cyclohexane trioS, tetrols, pentols, and hexols such as inositol, and various carbohydrates such as fucose, allose, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, sorbose, tagatose, and talose.
• the alcohol functionality of such molecules may be fully esterified or there may be unreacted hydroxy groups.
• the polyol is condensed with one or more acids, which may be cyclic or branched acids, and which are typically monocarboxylic acids.
• Suitable cyclic acids include cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, cyclopentylaceiic acid, cyclo- hexylacetic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, substituted cyclic acids having alkyl groups with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g.. mcthyicylohexanecarboxylic acid and ethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid.
• polycyclic carboxylic acids such as norbomanecarboxylic acid, norbornaneacetic acid, adamantanc- carboxyiic acid, adamantane acetic acid, decahydronaphthalenecarboxylic acid, and substituted versions of such materials.
• An example of a resulting ester could be neopentyl glycol cyclohexanecarboxylic acid diester.
• Suitable branched acids include those having one or multiple quaternary carbon atoms within the carbon chain.
• Examples include 2,2-dimethylbulyric acid and homologues thereof, such as 2,2.4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, as well as acids which contain both branching and cyclic groups, such as dicyclohexylacetic acid.
• Suitable linear acids include n-hcptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, n-nonanaoic acid, n-decanoic acid, and other acids of up to 30 or 24 or 18 carbon atoms. Mixtures of such acids may also be used.
• the esters are those in which a cyclic group, such as one or more cyclohexyl groups or substituted cyclohexyl groups, is present in the acid-derived portion of the ester, or in both the acid- and the alcohol-derived portion of the ester.
• a cyclic group such as one or more cyclohexyl groups or substituted cyclohexyl groups
• Suitable esters are commercially available as traction fluid materials.
• the amount of the compound with the high traction coefficient will typically be 1 to 20 weight percent of the lubricant composition, alternatively 5 to 18 weight percent or 8 to 12 weight percent.
• the lubricant composition will also contain at least 30 weight percent or at least 50 weight percent of an oil of lubricating viscosity, other than the traction fluid of component described above.
• the amount of the oil of lubricating vi scosity (also referred to as a base oil) may also be 60 to 98 percent by weight or 75 to 95 percent by weight.
• the base oil used in the inventive lubricating oil composition may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil ⁇ nterchangeability Guidelines.
• the five base oi l groups are as follows: [00261
• Group I >0.03 and/or ⁇ 90 80 to 120
• PAOs Group IV Ail polyalphaolefins
• Groups 1, II and 111 are mineral oil base stocks.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof. Mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oils, particularly polyalphaolefin oils and polyester oils, are often used.
• Natural oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g. castor oil, lard oil and other vegetable acid esters) as well as mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffini c, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Hy- drotrcated or hydrocracked oils are included within the scope of useful oils of lubricating viscosity.
• Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful.
• Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils and halosubstituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerizcd olefins and mixtures thereof, aikylbenzenes, polyphcnyl, (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, and alkylated polyphenyls), alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyi sulfides and their derivatives, analogs and homologues thereof.
• hydrocarbon oils and halosubstituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerizcd olefins and mixtures thereof, aikylbenzenes, polyphcnyl, (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, and alkylated polyphenyls), alkylated diphen
• Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils thai can be used comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids and those made from Cs to Cn mono- carboxylic acids and polyols or polyol ethers.
• Other synthetic lubricating oils include liquid esters of phosphorus- containing acids, polymeric tetrahydrofurans, silicon-based oils such as the poly- alky]-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils, and silicate oils.
• Hydrotreated naphthenic oils are also known and can be used, as well as oils prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure.
• Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, either natural or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed herein- above can used in the compositions of the present invention.
• Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such rerefined oils often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
• the base oi l is a synthetic oil such as a poly-alpha olefin (typically hydrogenated) such as a 4 centistoke polyalpha olefin (i.e,, having a nominal viscosity of 4 mm /sec at 100 0 C).
• a synthetic oil such as a poly-alpha olefin (typically hydrogenated) such as a 4 centistoke polyalpha olefin (i.e,, having a nominal viscosity of 4 mm /sec at 100 0 C).
• a 4 centistoke polyalpha olefin i.e, having a nominal viscosity of 4 mm /sec at 100 0 C.
• mixtures of synthetic and mineral base oils are used.
• at least 50, or at least 80, or at least 90 percent by weight of the oil of lubricating viscosity is a synthetic oil.
• a phosphorus compound typically a phosphorus acid or phosphorus ester or salt thereof (that is, a sait of a phosphorus acid or phosphorus ester), which can include a phosphorus acid, a phosphorus acid salt, a phosphorus ester, or mixtures thereof.
• the phosphorus acid or ester can be of the formula (R 1 X)(R 2 X)P(X) n X 111 R 3 or a salt thereof, where each X is independently an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, n is 0 or ] , m is 0 or 1 , m+n is 1 or 2, and R !
• R “ , and R “1 are hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups, and, in one embodiment, at least one of R 1 , R 2 , or R J is hydrogen.
• This component thus includes organic or inorganic phosphorous and phosphoric acids, thiophosphorous and thiophos- phoric acids, as well as phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphitc esters, and thiophosphate esters.
• Suitable salts include metal or amine sails of phosphorus esters and amine salts of phosphorus acids, such as the salt formed by reaction of a phosphorus acid with an amme-containing dispersant such as a succinimide dispersant.
• the phosphorus-containing acids can be at least one phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate or phosphine oxide. These penlavalent phosphorus derivatives can be represented by the formula
• the phosphorus-containing acid can be at least one phosphite, phosphonite, phosphinite or phosphine.
• An example of trivalent phosphorus derivatives can be represented by the formula
• R 1 , R 2 and R ⁇ are defined as above.
• the total number of carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 and R '1 is at least 8, and in one embodiment at feast 12, and in one embodiment at least 16. Examples of useful R !
• R 2 and R" groups include hydrogen, t-buiyl, isobulyl, amyl, isooctyl, decyl, dodecyl, oleyl, C l 8 alky], eicosyl, 2-pentenyI, dodecenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, alkylphenyl, alkylnaphthyl, phenylalkyl, naphthylalkyl, alkylphenylalkyl, and alkylnaphthylalkyl groups.
• the phosphorus acid or ester is characterized by at least one direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage such as those prepared by the treatment of an olefin polymer, such as one or more of the above polyal- kenes (e.g., polyisobutene having a molecular weight of 1000) with a phospho- rizing agent such as phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus heplasulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus trichloride and sulfur, white phosphorus and a sulfur halide, or phosphorothioic chloride.
• an olefin polymer such as one or more of the above polyal- kenes (e.g., polyisobutene having a molecular weight of 1000)
• a phospho- rizing agent such as phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus heplasulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus trichloride
• At least t w o of the X atoms in the abo v e structure are oxygen, so that the structure will be (R 1 O)(R 2 O)P(X) n X 111 R 3 or (R 1 O)(R 2 O)P(X) n X n1 H.
• This structure can correspond, for example, to phosphoric acid when R 1 , R 2 , and R J are hydrogen.
• Phosphoric acid exists as the acid itself, H3PO4 and other forms equivalent thereto such as pyrophosphoric acid and anhydrides of phosphoric acid, including 85% phosphoric acid (aqueous), which is the commonly available commercial grade material.
• the formula can also correspond to a mono- or dialkyl hydrogen phosphite such as dibutyl hydrogen phosphite (a phosphite ester) when one or both of R ! and R 2 arc al kyl, respectively and R 3 is hydrogen, or a trialky! phosphite ester when each of R ! .
• R " , and R J is alkyl; in each case where n is zero, m is 1 , and the remaining X is O.
• the structure will correspond to phosphoric acid or a related material when n and m are each 1; for example, it can be a phosphate ester such as a mono-, di- or iriaJkyl monothiophosphale when one of the X atoms is sulfur and one, two, or three of the R groups are alkyl, respectively.
• a phosphate ester such as a mono-, di- or iriaJkyl monothiophosphale when one of the X atoms is sulfur and one, two, or three of the R groups are alkyl, respectively.
• Phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid are well-known items of commerce.
• Thiophosphoric acids and thiophosphorous acids are likewise well known and are prepared by reaction of phosphorus compounds with elemental sulfur or other sulfur sources. Processes for preparing thiophosphorus acids are reported in detail in Organic Phosphorus Compounds, Vol. 5, pages 1 10-1 11. G. M. Kosolapoff et al.. 1973.
• Salts of the above phosphorus acids are well known. Salts include ammonium and amine sails as well as metal salts. Zinc salts, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and zinc dialkylphosphates, are well known and are useful in certain applications.
• the salts may be metal or amine dihydrocarbyidilhiophosphate salts or metal or amine mono- and dihy- drocarbylphosphate salts.
• the phosphorus compound can be any of the phosphorus acids, dialkyl hydrogen phosphites, metal dihydrocarbyldithiophosphales, metal dihydrocarbylphosphates. and mixtures thereof.
• the amount of the phosphorus compound may be a suitable amount to provide 0.03 to 0.1 weight percent phosphorus to the composition, or in other embodiments to provide 0.04 to 0.09 or 0.05 to 0.08 or to 0.06 weight percent phosphorus.
• the requisite amounts of the particular phosphorus compound of interest can be readily calculated by those skilled in the art.
• the lubricant composition of the present invention will further comprise a 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole or a derivative thereof, which may function in n ⁇ rt ⁇ S a corrosion inhibitor.
• a 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole or a derivative thereof which may function in n ⁇ rt ⁇ S a corrosion inhibitor.
• suitable dimercantothiadi- azoles include 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazoIe, hydrocarbyi-substituted 2,5- dimercapto-l,3.4-thiadiazole, and hydrocarbylthio substituted 2,5-dimercapto- 1,3,4-thiadiazole.
• the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl-substituent group may be 1 to 30, 2 to 25, 4 to 20. or 6 to 16. Additional specific examples include 2,5-bis(tert-octyldithio)-] ,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(terl-nonyldilhio)-l,3.4-thiadiazoie, 2,5-bis(tert-decyldithio) ⁇ l,3,4 ⁇ thiadi- azole, 2,5-bis(tert-undccyIdithio)-l ,3,4-thiadiazoIe, 2,5-bis(tert-dodccyldithio) ⁇ 1 ,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-tridecyldithio)-l ,3,4-thiadiazole.
• dimercaplothiadiazole or its derivatives may be provided by a combination or reaction product an of oil soluble dispersant, as described below, with dimercaptothiadiazoie.
• oil soluble dispersant as described below
• dimercaptothiadiazoie Such treated dispcrsants (e.g., treated succinimide dispersants) and their preparation are known and arc described in U.S. Patent 4, 136,043, see col. 9 lines 18-36, col. 10 line 47 through col. 1 1 line 25, and examples 26-35.
• the dimercaptothiadiazoie of the present invention can be present in an amount of 0.05 to 4.0 or to 2.0 percent by weight, or 0.1 to 1.5 percent by weight, or about 0.15 to 1.0 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
• the 2, 5-dimercapto- 1 ,3,4- thiadiazole or derivative thereof may be present in an amount to provide 0.005 to 1 %, or 0.01 % to 0.5%, by weight sulfur to the composition.
• Each of the components or additives listed herein may be mixed as such into the final lubricant composition. Alternatively, any one or more of them may be supplied as a concentrate in oil.
• the phosphorus compound and the thiadiazolc compound may be prepared in a relatively small amount of a diluent, typically, oil.
• a diluent typically, oil.
• some or all of the component having the specified traction coefficient may be also included within the concentrate, and any such concentrates may be blended with the larger amounts of oi l or oil plus traction component, as the case may be, to provide the final lubricant composition.
• the traction component itself may serve as the diluent for a concentrate.
• the lubricant composition of the present invention may thus also include additional additives such as at least one dispersant, or at least one detergent, or mixtures thereof. Dispersants and detergents are extremely well- known and commonly used materials in the field of lubrication.
• Detergents are typically overbased materials, otherwise referred to as overbased or superbased salts, are generally single phase, homogeneous Newtonian systems characterized by a metal content in excess of that which would be present for neutralization according to the stoichiometry of the metal and the particular acidic organic compound reacted with the metai.
• the overbased materials are prepared by reacting an acidic material (typically an inorganic acid or lower carboxylic acid, preferably carbon dioxide) with a mixture comprising an acidic organic compound, a reaction medium comprising at least one inert, organic solvent (mineral oil, naphtha, toluene, xylene, etc.) for said acidic organic material, a stoichiometric excess of a metal base, and a promoter such as a phenol or alcohol.
• the acidic organic material will normally have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to provide a degree of solubility in oil. The amount of excess metal is commonly expressed in terms of metal ratio.
• metal ratio is the ratio of the total equivalents of the metal to the equivalents of the acidic organic compound.
• a neutral metal salt has a metal ratio of one.
• a salt having 4.5 times as much metal as present in a normal salt will have metal excess of 3.5 equivalents, or a ratio of 4.5.
• Patents describing techniques for making basic salts of sulfonic acids, carbox- yiic acids, phenols, phosphonic acids, and mixtures of any two or more of these include U.S. Patents 2,501 ,731 ; 2,616,905; 2,616,911 ; 2,616.925: 2,777,874; 3,256, 186; 3,384,585; 3,365,396; 3,320, 162; 3,318,809; 3,488,284; and 3,629,109.
• overbased materials include salixarate detergents. These include overbased materials prepared from salicylic acid (which may be unsubstituted) with a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, such entities being linked through -CH2- or other alkylene bridges. It is believed that the salixarate derivatives have a predominantly linear, rather than macrocyclic, structure, although both structures are intended to be encompassed by the term "salixarate.” Salixarate derivatives and methods of their preparation are described in greater detail in U.S. patent number 6,200,936 and PCT Publication WO 01/56968. [0049] The amount of the detergent in the lubricant composition of !he present invention, if it is present, may be 1 to 10 weight percent, or 1.5 to 7 weight percent, or 2 to 3 weight percent.
• Dispersants are well known in the field of lubricants and include primarily what is known as ashless-type dispersants and polymeric dispersants. Ashless type dispersants are characterized by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain. Typical ashless dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides, having a variety of chemical structures including typically
• each R 1 is independently an alky] group, frequently a polyisobutylene group with a molecular weight of 500-5000, and R" are alkylene groups, commonly ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) groups.
• R are alkylene groups, commonly ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) groups.
• Such molecules are commonly derived from reaction of an alkenyl acylating agent with a polyamine, and a wide variety of linkages between the two moieties is possible beside the simple imide structure shown above, including a variety of amides and quaternary ammonium salts.
• a variety of modes of linkage of the R 1 groups onto the imide structure are possible, including various cyclic linkages.
• Succinimide dispersants are more fully described in U.S. Patents 4,234,435 and 3, 172.892 and in EP 0355895.
• Another class of ashless dispersant is high molecular weight esters. These materials are similar to the above-described succinimides except that they may be seen as having been prepared by reaction of a hydrocarbyl acylating agent and a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, or sorbitol. Such materials arc described in more detail in U.S. Patent 3,381.022.
• Another class of ashless dispersant is Mannich bases. These are materials which are formed by the condensation of a higher molecular weight, alkyl substituted phenol, an alkylene polyamine, and an aldehyde such as formaldehyde. Such materials may have the general structure
• dispersants include polymeric dispersant additi ves, which are generally hydrocarbon-based polymers which contain polar functionality Io impart dispersancy characteristics to the polymer.
• Dispersants can also be post-treated by reaction with any of a variety of agents. Among these are urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds. References detailing such treatment are listed in U.S. Patent 4,654,403. [0055] The amount of the dispersant in the lubricant composition of the present invention, if it is present, may be 1 to 10 weight percent, or 1.5 to 7 weight percent, or 2 to 3 weight percent.
• compositions of the present invention may also contain a viscosity index modifier, for example, in limited amounts, that is, up to 10 percent by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments the amount of this component is 0 to 1 percent by weight, and in one embodiment the traction fluids are substantially free from (that is, less than 1 percent or less than 0.1 percent) polymeric viscosity index modifiers.
• VMs Polymeric viscosity index modifiers
• Hydrocarbon VMs include polybutenes, poly(ethyiene/propylene) copolymers, and hydrogenated polymers of styrene with butadiene or isoprene.
• Ester VMs include esters of sty- rene/maleic anhydride polymers, esters of styrene/maleic anhydride/acrylate terpolymers, and polymethacrylates.
• the acrylates are available from RohMax and from The Lubrizol Corporation ; polybutenes from Afton Corporation and Lubrizol; ethylene/propylene copolymers from ExxonMobil and Afton; hydrogenated polystyrene/isoprene polymers from Shell; styrene/maleic esters from Lubrizol, and hydrogenated styrene/butadiene polymers from BASF.
• Suitable VMs include acrylate- or methacrylate-containing copolymers or copolymers of styrene and an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as styrene/roaleic ester (typically prepared by esterifi cation of a sty- rene/maleic anhydride copolymer).
• the viscosity modifier is a polymethacrylate viscosity modifier.
• Polymethacrylate viscosity modifiers are prepared from mixtures of methacrylate monomers having different alkyl groups.
• the alky] groups may be either straight chain or branched chain groups containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• dispersancy properties are also incorporated into the product.
• a product has the multiple function o ⁇ viscosity modification, pour point depressancy and dispersancy.
• Such products have been referred to in the art as dispersant-type viscosity modifiers or simply dispersant-viscosity modifiers.
• Vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate are examples of nitrogen-containing monomers.
• Polyacrylat.es obtained from the polymerization or copolymerization of one or more alkyl acrylates also are useful as viscosity modifiers. It is preferred that the viscosity modifier of the present invention is a dispersant viscosity modifier.
• the viscosity modifier component includes a polyisobutene
• this component is distinguished from the material indicated as having a traction coefficient of at least 0.045 or 0.05, on the basis of its higher molecular weight.
• the traction fluid component has a relatively low molecular weight, e.g., 180 to 600, while the polybutene viscosity modifier component, if present, will have a higher molecular weight, as described below, or alternatively a molecular weight such as 800 to 6000 or 1000 to 3600 or 1200 to 2400.
• the poiybutene viscosity modifier component may, nonetheless, impart some improved traction properties to the composition.
• the polymers described above may commonly have a weight average molecular weight ( Mw ) of 1,000 or 2,000 or 10.000 up to 500,000, such as 30,000 to 250,000, or alternatively 20,000 to 100,000, and polydispersity values
• Friction modifiers include alkoxylated fatty amines, borated fatty epoxides, fatty phosphites, fatty epoxides, fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerol esters, boraled glycerol esters, and fatty imidazolines.
• the amount of friction modifier or modifiers, if present, may be 0.01 to 2 percent by weight of the fluid composition, or 0.05 to 1.2 percent, or 0.1 to 1 percent by weight. mflfi?.!
• nnmnnnpnts ⁇ ; ⁇ rh ti t; j-mfi nx i Hanti spni nu/pl i agents, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, and dyes may be present in conventional amounts.
• molybdenum-containing additives such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates and titanium-containing additives may also be present to impart desirable properties such as antiwear performance, anti- oxidancy, and friction modification.
• the lubricant composition thus prepared should have a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of up to about 12 mm7sec. for example, 2 to 10 or 6 to 8 mrrr/sec. Obtaining a lubricant with such viscosity will be within the skills of the person skilled in the art, by means of selection of a base stock and other components with suitable viscosity.
• hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
• hydrocarbyl groups include: hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), ali- cyclic (e.g., cycloalkyi, cycloalkenyl) substituents.
• substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is. substituents containing non- hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto.
• he ⁇ ro substituc ⁇ fs thfti is subs ⁇ itucnts w bjch w hile h9 v i ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ >redor ⁇ i- nantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl. thienyl and imidazolyl. Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Lubricant compositions are prepared as shown in Table I, and have the 100 0 C kinematic viscosities as shown.
• PAOs are commercial poly-alpha olefin based fluids (oils of lubricating viscosity) having nominal kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of 4 mnv/s.
• the synthetic ester is a pentaerythritol (tech. grade) ester prepared with 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (70%), n-hepianoic acid (15%) and n-C8-10 acids (15%), available under the trade names Solest 68 NA 1M or Hatcol 3368 '1 M .
• the hydrogenated dimer is a hydrogenated linear ⁇ -methyl styrene dimer, available under the trade name Santotrac 20 rM .
• the isobutene oligomer is a hydrogenated oligomer of isobutene. M n 300-350, available under the trade name Panalane ! M .
• the PMA VM is a commercially available polymethacryiate viscosity modifier, and the polybutene is an additional viscosity modifying additive having approximately the indicated molecular weight (significantly greater than that of the isobutene oligomer).
• the additive package comprises a dialkyl hydrogen phosphite antivvear agent/friction modifier and 2,5-bis(tTM nonyldithio)- l ,3,4-thiadiazole (a dimercaptothiadiazoie), as well as a small amount (0.5%, including 49% diluent oil) of a succinimide dispersant that is treated with about 6% dirnercaptothiadiazolc
• the additive package also contains a borated succinimide dispersant, an aromatic amine antioxidant, over- based calcium detergents, a seal swell agent, corrosion inhibitor, antifoam agent, and additional diluent oil.
• the wear test is the FZG step load test A10/16.6R/120, which uses a 10 mm wide "A" profile test gear operated in a reverse direction (wheel driving) at 16.6 m/s pitchline velocity and a starting temperature of 12O 0 C.
• the test measures the scuffing load capacity of lubricants.
• the lubricant is tested at increasing torque levels (load stages) until the failure criteria is met. This is known as the fail load stage; the immediately preceding passing stage is reported as the pass stage. A higher number represents better performance. (Reproducibility is typically ⁇ 1 stage.)
• the results of these tests arc shown in Table II. Each of the fluids exhibits good performance.

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• 2008
  • 2008-03-12 EP EP08743785A patent/EP2121881A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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