EP2112287A1 - Façade or skylight for a building and connection element for same - Google Patents

Abstract

The facade (2) or glazed roof (3) has supporting structures (60, 61) at which a set of surface elements (4, 6) is arranged, where the surface elements are bordered by respective frames (5, 7). The surface elements are angularly arranged with respect to each other by an external frame (12) and are combined to a premounted unit. The premounted unit with the angularly arranged surface elements is fixed to the supporting structures. The surface elements are designed as irregular triangles and/or squares.

Description

The present invention relates to a facade or a light roof of a building, with a support structure, on which a plurality of surface elements are arranged, which are each enclosed by a frame, and a connecting element for a facade or a light roof, in which an anchor to a horizontal Profile can be fixed, wherein on the anchor a holding element is pivotally mounted.

The DE 22 32 114 discloses an elemented building in which a plurality of planar elements are defined on a supporting skeleton. The planar elements should be composed of blanks of strip-shaped elements standardized dimensions to give the building by the skeleton structure the desired shape, such as a dome. By means of such an elementary building, standardized forms for a facade or a light roof can therefore be produced, which are to be mounted individually. However, there are problems if it is to deviate from a standardized form. Because if the surface elements are not arranged at regular angles, each surface element must be individually aligned on corresponding profiles.

The US 3380203 discloses a support structure in which hollow profiles are provided, which are aligned and bent according to the shape of the building, wherein the hollow profiles are fixed by connecting elements. The adaptation of the surface elements and the support profiles is done individually, so that the creation of complex shapes for facades or skylights is too expensive for larger buildings.

The US 3210808 discloses a flexible connection for window constructions in which two adjacent windows can be arranged at different angles, wherein a seal is to be maintained in the connection area. For this purpose, a pivotable profile is fixed to a post in the connecting region and in a pivoting area bearing surfaces are provided with a seal. This allows an adaptation of two adjacent surface elements, wherein the possibility of alignment is limited, since only one axis of rotation is provided.

The US 4251964 discloses a facade system in which are fixed to a post insulating glass panes, which are arranged at an angle to each other. In order to make an angular alignment, strips are provided, which can be set in different positions on the post. This allows at least one orientation of the surface elements about a vertical axis. In the context of modern architecture, however, it is desirable to produce not only recurring structures with standardized surface elements, but biomorphic structures, ie three-dimensional bodies, which not only have standardized elements, such as squares, rectangles or triangles. Rather, in the field of biomorphic architecture, complex three-dimensional structures are to be realized.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a facade or a light roof of a building and a dedicated connection element, which also allow biomorphic structures, while the assembly cost is kept comparatively low.

This object is achieved with a facade or a light roof with the features of claim 1 and a connecting element with the features of claim 13.

According to the invention, a biomorphic structure is formed in a facade or a light roof of a building in that several surface elements are combined in an angular alignment with each other by an outer frame to a preassembled unit, said preassembled unit is fixed to the supporting structure with the angularly arranged surface elements. As a result, any structures for facades or roofs can be realized, with no individual alignment, assembly and sealing of the individual surface elements is necessary. Rather, preassembled units are formed by angled surface elements, which are then defined on the building side of the support structure. This allows the design of a façade or a light roof to the highest architectural standards, without neglecting effectiveness requirements. Because by the pre-assembly of several angled surface elements, these can be effectively manufactured, the special design for profiles, fasteners, fitting parts, etc. can be made in a dedicated manufacturing building due to the angled arrangement.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surface elements of a preassembled unit polygons of different geometry. In order to optically reinforce the biomorphic structure, at least two adjacent surface elements of a preassembled unit can have a different edge length. This results in irregularly arranged connection points, which do not seem so uniform to the viewer. As surface elements polygons, in particular triangles and / or squares can be provided. These surface elements of a unit form a three-dimensional structure, which means that the surface elements are not arranged in a plane, but protrude in an outer frame or are formed to spring back.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the support structure comprises vertical posts on which a plurality of support bars are fixed. The barely visible support structure can be based on proven structures for a high static load capacity be aligned. In this case, at least one angled horizontal and / or vertical support profile can be mounted on the support structure, which is adapted to the contour of an outer frame of a unit of surface elements. Since the surface elements and the outer frame are at least partially aligned at an angle to each other, a corresponding angled arrangement is required in the region of the horizontal support profile, so that no gaps between the individual floors of the building arise. The angled support profile can therefore form the edge of a floor slab, which forms a connection to the facade.

In an advantageous embodiment, two adjacent units with surface elements are movably held together and form an expansion joint between them. As a result, a facade or a light roof as well as the entire building can also be made largely earthquake-proof, since a relative movement between the pre-assembled units is made possible. The expansion joint between two adjacent profiles of an outer frame of the preassembled unit can be arranged at an angle to the vertical, preferably at an angle of greater than 10 °, so that the appearance of the biomorphic structure is not impaired.

The surface elements are preferably at least partially formed by enclosed insulating glass panes, wherein the surface elements may also be designed as functional components, such as ventilation surfaces, lighting surfaces, opening surfaces, photovoltaic elements, solar thermal elements.

The preassembled unit is preferably fixed to the support structure via at least one connecting element, which can be aligned in at least two directions. Thereby, the connection points for the preassembled units can be arranged relatively arbitrary, since the corresponding alignment can be done flexibly to the design of the preassembled unit.

In the connecting element according to the invention an anchor is provided, on which a holding element is pivotally mounted, wherein on the holding element, a sword for fixing a profile is also mounted pivotably. This allows flexible alignment, on the one hand, the anchor on a horizontal Profile is defined while on the sword a profile of a preassembled unit of surface elements can be determined. This offers a high degree of flexibility, since both an alignment of the holding element relative to the anchor and relative to the sword can be made.

Preferably, a first axis of rotation is formed on the armature about which the holding element is rotatably mounted. When the armature has a plate which is insertable in a groove of a horizontal profile, the element can be both displaced and rotated relative to the horizontal profile, which allows flexible alignment and attachment. In this case, a circularly protruding disc may further be formed on the armature, which serves for the rotation of the holding element about a vertical axis. Because the anchor can then be moved to the horizontal profile as well as twist.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the sword is rotatably mounted about a second axis of rotation on the holding element. In this case, the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation can be aligned substantially perpendicular to each other, so that a flexible alignment of the sword is made possible relative to a horizontal profile. Further, the armature can be rotated about the vertical third axis of rotation, so that in addition to a displacement alignment about three axes of rotation is possible.

In order to provide a further adjustment to the connecting element, a slot can be formed on the holding element, which is penetrated by a pin which forms the axis of rotation and is rotatably and slidably held on the slot for alignment of the sword. The slot can be arranged at an angle, preferably perpendicular to a groove of the horizontal profile, so that a displacement of the sword in different directions is possible.

The sword is preferably plate-shaped and connected via fastening means with a profile of the outer frame of a preassembled unit. The sword can define two adjacent profiles, which form an expansion joint between them.

Figur 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Gebäudes mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Fassade;

Figur 2

eine Seitenansicht der Tragstruktur des Gebäudes der Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine geschnittene Detailansicht eines Verbindungspunktes der Fassade entlang der Linie A-A in Figur 1;

Figur 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungselementes in der montierten Position, und

Figur 5

eine Detailansicht des Verbindungselementes der Figur 4.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a side view of a building with a facade according to the invention;

FIG. 2

a side view of the supporting structure of the building of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a detailed sectional view of a connecting point of the facade along the line AA in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4

a perspective view of a connecting element according to the invention in the mounted position, and

FIG. 5

a detailed view of the connecting element of FIG. 4 ,

A building 1 comprises a facade 2 and / or a light roof 3, which are formed in a biomorphic structure. In this case, a plurality of surface elements are provided which are aligned at an angle to each other and form no recurring structure, which gives the building 1 an attractive appearance.

A surface element 4 is formed in the shape of a triangle and bordered by a triangular frame 5. Another surface element 6 is formed as a quadrilateral, which has a frame 7 with edges of different lengths, which are not arranged at a right angle to each other. This results in an irregular structure of the surface elements 4 and 6, wherein the edges of the surface elements 4 and 6 are formed differently long to the edges of adjacent surface elements. This results in an irregular appearance, which is particularly diverse.

In order to mount the facade 2 or the light roof 3 with the plurality of surface elements 4, 6 with reasonable effort, several surface elements 4, 6 are combined to form a preassembled unit. Here are the Surface elements 4, 6 held together by an outer frame 12, wherein the outer frame 12 comprises two horizontal profiles 9 and two lateral profiles 8. Even triangular or polygonal outer frames can be used. The profiles 9 are arranged horizontally, since they are arranged adjacent to a ceiling of the building I. Of course, it would also be possible to provide the profiles 9 at an angle to the horizontal. Also drawn with thicker lines outer frame 12 with the profiles 8 and 9 is not schematically square, but has the shape of a trapezoid, sometimes with different side lengths.

The facade formed from the surface elements 4, 6 and the preassembled units 2 is fixed to a support structure having vertical posts 60 which are interconnected via a plurality of support bars 61. This results in a stable support structure arranged behind the facade 2, which can be interpreted by static calculations.

FIG. 2 shows the supporting structure of the building of the FIG. 1 in detail. At the post 60 horizontal strip-shaped support bars 61 are mounted, with additional horizontal support profiles 62 are provided, on which the facade 2 is held. The support profiles 62 may be fixed via holders 65 to a post 60 and have a straight strip shape or an angled structure. A support profile has a first portion which is connected via a kink 63 with the second portion 64. The sections of the support profile 62 and the kink 63 are adapted to the contour of an outer frame 12, so that it can be mounted substantially form-fitting manner on the support profile 62 and no gap between the facade 2 and the support section 62 is formed. Also, a plurality of kinks 63 may be formed on a support profile 62.

In addition to the horizontal angled support profiles 62 and vertical angled support profiles can be used to attach an outer frame 12, which extend parallel to the posts 60.

The support structure has, in addition to the support bars 61 between the posts 60 and floor strips 66, which form a bottom-side termination for the facade 2.

The posts 60 have at their upper end a tip 67 on which a self-supporting structure 68 is mounted for the light roof 3. Also in the area of the light roof 2, preassembled units of surface elements are defined.

In FIG. 3 a connection point 10 is shown in section, on which two or more preassembled units with their outer frame 12 of profiles 8 and 9 meet. On the profile 8, an outer profile 11 is arranged, on which an adapter profile 13 is fixed. On the adapter profile 13, a curved wall is provided, which is arranged adjacent to a curved wall 14, so that the adapter 13 is displaceable about the wall 14 and thus a different orientation of adjacent profiles 9 and thus the surface elements 4 and 6 in the preassembled unit is possible.

The profile 8 of a first outer frame 12 comprises a first profile wall which is spaced from a second profile wall of a profile 8 'of a second outer frame 12, wherein between the profile walls 8 and 8', an expansion joint 17 for a certain mobility is present. The expansion joint 17 is bridged by bolts 18 which are fixed on one side to the profile wall 8 and engage on the opposite side in a receptacle 19 which is fixed to the profile wall 8 '. On the bolt 18, a head 20 is formed, which is guided displaceably in the receptacle 19. As a result, tolerance compensation can take place between all the profiles 8 through the expansion joint 17, for example due to thermal stresses or even due to an earthquake.

In order to be able to align and fix the preassembled units with the profiles 8 and 9 for the biomorphic structure, flexible connecting elements 30 are required. Such a connecting element 30 is in FIG. 4 shown in the assembled position, wherein the connecting element 30 comprises an anchor 31 which is fixed to a horizontal profile 9. The horizontal profile 9 has a groove 35 into which a plate 34 of the armature 31 is inserted. At the armature 31, a holding member 32 is rotatably mounted about an axis 33. After insertion of the armature 31 in the groove 35 of the horizontal profile 9, the armature 31 can still be rotated about a vertical axis. For this purpose, a protruding circular disc 36 is formed on the armature 31, which is guided on inner webs 37 of the groove 35 and allows rotation of the armature 31 about a vertical axis. Thereby, the holding member 32 relative to the horizontal profile 9 is both displaceable and rotatable about a vertical axis and also about a parallel to the plate 34 arranged horizontal axis 33 aligned.

The connecting element 30 still comprises a further adjustment possibility, since a sword 40 is fixed to the holding elements 32. For this purpose, a slot 38 is formed on the holding element 32, which is arranged parallel to the axis 33 and is penetrated by a pin 39. By means of the bolt 39, the plate-shaped sword 40 can be fixed, and before the fixing of the bolt 39 in the slot 38 is both displaceable and rotatable. The sword 40 is inserted into a groove 41 on a profile 8 of the outer frame and fixed by fastening means. As a result, the profile 8 can be aligned in different positions relative to the profile 9. Because by the connecting member 30 can be made both about a vertical axis of rotation, the axis of rotation 33 and the axis of rotation 39, as well as a relative displacement by a displacement of the armature 31 in the groove 35 and the pin 39 in the slot 38. This offers the possibility to be able to make the arrangement of the profile 8 very flexible, with an alignment by simple means.

For static reasons, it may be necessary to align a longitudinal axis of the profiles at a connection point 54 exactly. Thus, a longitudinal axis 50 is drawn on the profile 8, which impinges on a connection point 54 on the axis 51 of the profile 9, the axis 52 of the profile 9 'and the axis 53 of the profile 8'. The profiles 8, 8 ', 9, 9' thus coincide with their imaginary axes 50, 51, 52 and 53 in the connection point 54, which connection point 54 can be used both for the construction and for the assembly. Because the definition of such a connection point, the profiles can be easily aligned.

The connecting element 30 can be mounted instead of the profile 9 or 9 'on a bottom bar 66, a wall profile, a floor, a wall or other holding element. Because the determination takes place via fastening bolts, which are then fixed to the corresponding component.

In FIG. 5 the connecting element 30 is shown in detail. On the plate-shaped blade 40 openings 47 are provided for fastening means, so that the sword 40 can be firmly connected to a profile 8. Furthermore, 34 openings 46 are provided on the armature 31 in the region of the lower plate, so that after the alignment of the armature 31, a fixation on a profile 8 can be made. The plate 34 has at its end edges a rounded edge 45 which is formed so that the armature 31 is rotatable about a vertical axis within the groove 35 of the profile 9. The armature 31 is additionally guided by the circular disc 36 which rests against an inner wall 37 of the groove 35.

The illustrated connecting element 30 enables a particularly flexible alignment of profiles 8 and 9 relative to one another. As a result, biomorphic facades 2 or skylights 3 can be produced that meet the highest architectural standards. It is understood that the individual mechanical means for aligning and fixing the profiles 8 and 9 can be modified in order to assemble such structures. Instead of the use of bolts for the formation of rotational axes 33 and 39 and cam guides or joint elements can be used.

Claims (22)

Facade (2) or light roof (3) of a building (1), with a support structure (60, 61) on which a plurality of surface elements (4, 6) are arranged, each enclosed by a frame, characterized in that a plurality of surface elements (4, 6) are combined with an angular alignment with each other by an outer frame (12) to a preassembled unit, and the unit with the angularly arranged surface elements (4, 6) on the support structure (60, 61) is fixed. Facade according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface elements (4, 6) of a preassembled unit are polygons of different geometry. Facade according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two adjacent surface elements (4, 6) of a preassembled unit have a different edge length. Facade or light roof according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface elements are formed as irregular triangles (4) and / or quadrilaterals (6). Facade or light roof according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface elements (4, 6) of a unit form a three-dimensional structure. Facade or light roof according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the support structure comprises vertical posts (60) on which a plurality of support bars (61) are fixed. Façade or glazed roof according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one angled horizontal support profile (62) is mounted on the support structure (60, 61), which is connected to the contour of an adjacent outer frame (12) of a unit of surface elements (4 , 6) is adjusted. Facade or light roof according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the angled profile (9, 9 ') forms the edge of a floor slab. Facade or light roof according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that between two adjacent outer frame (12) an expansion joint (17) is arranged. Facade or glazed roof according to claim 9, characterized in that the expansion joint (17) between adjacent profiles (8, 8 ') is arranged at an angle to the vertical, preferably an angle greater than 10 °. Facade or light roof according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the surface elements (4, 6) are at least partially formed by enclosed insulating glass panes. Facade or glazed roof according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the preassembled unit via at least one connecting element (30) on the support structure (60, 61) is fixed, which is alignable in at least two directions. Connecting element (30) for a facade (2) or a light roof (3), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, having an anchor (31) which can be fixed to a horizontal profile (9, 9 '), wherein on the anchor ( 31), a holding element (32) is pivotally mounted, characterized in that on the holding element (32) has a sword (40) for fixing a profile (8, 8 ') is pivotally mounted. Connecting element according to claim 13, characterized in that on the armature (31) has a first axis of rotation (33) is formed, around which the holding element (32) is rotatably mounted. Connecting element according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the armature (31) has a plate (34) which in a groove (35) of the horizontal profile (9, 9 ') can be inserted. Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that on the armature (31) has a circular protruding disc (36) is formed. Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the sword (40) about a second axis of rotation (39) is rotatably mounted on the holding element (32). Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the first axis of rotation (33) and the second axis of rotation (39) are arranged substantially perpendicular to each other. Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the armature (31) about a vertical third axis of rotation is rotatably mounted on the horizontal profile (9, 9 '), which is aligned substantially perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (33) , Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that on the holding element (32) an elongated hole (38) is formed, which is penetrated by a bolt (39) which forms the second axis of rotation and for aligning the sword (40). is rotatably and slidably held on the slot (38). Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the sword (40) is plate-shaped and connected by fastening means with a profile (8, 8 '). Connecting element according to one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that the sword (40) with two adjacent profiles (8, 8 ') is connected.

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