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EP2079341B1 - Insect protection screen - Google Patents

Insect protection screen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2079341B1
EP2079341B1 EP07866506A EP07866506A EP2079341B1 EP 2079341 B1 EP2079341 B1 EP 2079341B1 EP 07866506 A EP07866506 A EP 07866506A EP 07866506 A EP07866506 A EP 07866506A EP 2079341 B1 EP2079341 B1 EP 2079341B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
net
insect screen
yarns
orifices
constituent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07866506A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2079341A2 (en
Inventor
Jean-Paul Ducol
Jacques Tankere
Thierry Boulard
Jacques Fargues
Jean-Claude Roy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
MDB Texinov SA
Universite de Franche-Comte
Original Assignee
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
MDB Texinov SA
Universite de Franche-Comte
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Application filed by Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, MDB Texinov SA, Universite de Franche-Comte filed Critical Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
Publication of EP2079341A2 publication Critical patent/EP2079341A2/en
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Publication of EP2079341B1 publication Critical patent/EP2079341B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/52—Devices affording protection against insects, e.g. fly screens; Mesh windows for other purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45F—TRAVELLING OR CAMP EQUIPMENT: SACKS OR PACKS CARRIED ON THE BODY
    • A45F3/00—Travelling or camp articles; Sacks or packs carried on the body
    • A45F3/52—Nets affording protection against insects
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/10—Open-work fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screen more particularly intended to prohibit the passage of insects to protect crops, whether vegetable or horticultural, including greenhouse crops or even field crops.
  • insects have long been met with the ravages of insects, whether they be indigenous or from migrations arising from trade between continents. These insects attack some crops by developing diseases that partially or totally destroy them, affecting production yields or making products unfit for consumption.
  • nets closing openings in greenhouses or positioned above crops in the field, to thereby prevent insects and prevent them from entering the forests. areas of sensitive crops.
  • the introduction of such nets eliminates chemical treatments whose use tends to greatly decrease under the ecological pressure of consumers, particularly in relation to the so-called "organic" products.
  • the nets available today are made by weaving using simple armor such as canvas or taffeta with a cross warp son and weft perpendicular.
  • simple armor such as canvas or taffeta with a cross warp son and weft perpendicular.
  • Such a net is for example described in the document WO03 / 074771 .
  • Mesh nets having fairly large openings typically of the order of 850 to 1,000 ⁇ m, or even smaller, of the order of 350 ⁇ m, are also known.
  • the armor used in such nets define low rates of opening, typically of the order of 35 to 40%, providing certainly the mechanical barrier against insects, but on the other hand do not allow a good exchange of air and therefore opposing good aeration of crops.
  • the resulting net has a certain rigidity, likely to oppose the folding and unfolding whose nets are likely to be subject because of their positioning, especially at the level of the moving parts of the opening of the greenhouses.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a screen, intended to oppose the ravages of insects, and implementing a net of a new type, overcoming these various disadvantages and in particular fulfilling the primary function that it is devolving, namely the realization of an insect barrier, while offering higher aeration rates to the nets of the prior art, and may also have a longer life.
  • this insect screen is constituted by a net based on textile yarns made by knitting with a knit stitch on a warp machine or Rachel, whose threads consist of monofilaments having a diameter of between 0.04 to 0.1 mm.
  • this particular technique implementing the mesh of warp threads with possibly sectional or non-sectional frames, gives greater cohesion to the resultant net.
  • This technique therefore allows the use of very fine monofilaments, thus contributing to obtain a factor or opening rate greater than the nets of the prior art.
  • the surface of the orifices defined by the stitches relative to the surface occupied by the strands becomes significantly larger.
  • the supply of air and light, both constituting factors determining growth of crops, is greatly improved.
  • the technology knitting jetted mesh makes it possible to vary the geometry of the orifices, also to lead to the definition of orifices of very small dimensions, more particularly adapted to the fight against specific insects also very small.
  • the opening ratio defined as being the ratio of the surface of the orifices on the total surface of the net is greater than 50%.
  • the net defines orifices of substantially square or rectangular shape obtained by knitting stitches with implementation of sectional weft son.
  • the thread defines orifices of substantially hexagonal shape, obtained by knitting, but the weft son are variable jetty and not constant.
  • the figure 1 represents an anti-insect net of the prior art obtained by weaving. We denote by 100 the son of chains, and by 101 the weft son.
  • this weave defines orifices 102 of surface S1 of substantially rectangular shape.
  • the warp and weft threads 100 , 101 are of relatively large dimensions so as not to affect the size of the orifices 102 and in particular their surface S1 . Indeed, in the case where the son 100 , 101 are too thin, it is observed that the network has no mechanical strength, the son sliding between them, so that the size of the orifices 102 is no longer preserved, This can lead to bigger holes, which are unsuitable for the insect barrier function. As a corollary, because of the use of large diameter wires, these tend to reduce the passage of air, affecting the climatic conditions of crops to be protected by such a net.
  • This net comprises, according to this embodiment of the chain 204 mesh with weft son 205 , in this case of sectional nature, as will be described later in more detail.
  • This knitting defines orifices 202 of surface S1 ' .
  • the ratio of the surface S1 ' facing the surface S2' defined in said figure and corresponding to the sum of the surface S1 ' of the orifice 202 and that occupied by the son defining the orifice in question is significantly larger than the ratio of said surfaces resulting from the net obtained by the conventional technique of weaving the figure 1 .
  • the measurements are made in the wind tunnel; we note the speed of the wind, its modification after the passage through the net as well as various factors which then make it possible to determine by calculation, the decreases of flow on the net itself and in its position of use, ie when placed on a greenhouse structure.
  • the invention makes it possible to define different types of opening geometry by the use of the "discarded mesh" technology.
  • Reference B1 illustrates the chains that work on a single column of needles.
  • the wire guide bar works in 00/22 armor.
  • Wire B2 Illustrates a sectional frame working by means of a wire guide bar according to the 10/01 weave, the assembly having been shown for a fine gauge of twenty-eight needles per inch (25.40 mm).
  • the distance e separating two adjacent chains corresponds to the space between two needles, the diameter of the wire being selected to determine the width of the orifices 202, 302 of the net. It is thus possible to obtain 500 x 500 ⁇ m orifices.
  • Such nets are advantageously used the thrips insect, reducing the size of the side to 350 microns.
  • the figure 6 is a view similar to the figure 5 but using a larger gauge, typically 22 needles per inch, and with a different ratio between the warp and weft density, so as to obtain a thread whose orifices are rectangular in shape, typically 250 microns wide for a length of 730 ⁇ m.
  • the figure 7 represents another type of binding, making it possible to obtain a thread whose orifices have dimensions of 700 .mu.m to 900 .mu.m on the side with a thread of 0.08 to 0.10 mm, and suitable to serve as a barrier against insects of the type aphids and some flies or whiteflies.
  • the B1 chains are of the type previously described but working in 10/10 armor.
  • the threads B2 consist of a gill yarn and alternatively emboss. This binding presents the particularity of a very great holding and dimensional stability.
  • Figure 8 leads to a thread, the orifices of substantially hexagonal shape, to define a honeycomb structure.
  • a net is advantageously used to prohibit the passage of particular insects, of the type mentioned above.
  • This geometry has the advantage of not being directional and therefore of presenting a uniform isotropic behavior in all directions.
  • the chain B1 threads work on two needle columns in contrast to the three previous embodiments.
  • the working armor of the corresponding needles is 10/01/10/12/21/12.
  • the weft yarns are variable jetty and not constant as for the figure 6 .
  • the net of the invention is likely to have both weathering and ultraviolet resistance characteristics to provide multi-year functionality.
  • the constituent son is made of polyethylene or polypropylene, the base polymer receives an antioxidant.
  • biodegradable nets to meet certain environmental type constraints for example.
  • son of polyester, polyamide or polylactic acid for example.
  • FIG. 9 we have shown in relation with the Figures 9 and 10 examples of mounting the net according to the invention.
  • the latter in a conventional manner can close one 906 or both side faces of access to a greenhouse 907 .
  • It may also be in the form of a lateral strip 908 extending along the entire length of the greenhouse, as shown in FIG. figure 9 , and intended to close the greenhouse 907 at this level against insects, but not against the passage of air.
  • some greenhouses are provided with openings 1009 , including glass greenhouses, to allow to vary the climatic conditions that prevail in the volume they define, such openings being hinged 1010 on the greenhouse.
  • systems 1012 , 1013 for retracting the net towards the inside of the greenhouse are used when it is desired to close the door in question.
  • traction is performed on said net by any means, and in particular a linkage system or a system of ropes secured to the inner face of the net, and more particularly to a reinforcing strip 1014 , which can be reported by binding over the entire length of the net.
  • loops are made during the manufacture of the net, and are distributed relatively uniformly and periodically along the net, and for example spaced every 30 cm.
  • the net can be unfolded or folded at will, during the movements of the opening, with ease of retraction inside the greenhouse.
  • loops or attachment zones are constituted by son, or of the same nature as that of the son constituting the net, or of different nature, and in particular larger diameter and more mechanically resistant.
  • the net is likely to include reinforcing technical son, more particularly to improve the wind resistance.
  • reinforcing son are thicker than the constituent son of the net itself, and having a specific resistance. They are separated from one another by a distance of between 1 cm and 20 cm depending on the importance of the desired reinforcement, said reinforcement son being reported directly on the net during the manufacture of the latter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention concerne un écran plus particulièrement destiné à interdire le passage des insectes en vue de protéger les cultures, qu'elles soient de nature maraîchères ou horticoles, et notamment les cultures sous serres, voire les cultures plein champ.The invention relates to a screen more particularly intended to prohibit the passage of insects to protect crops, whether vegetable or horticultural, including greenhouse crops or even field crops.

ETAT ANTERIEUR DE LA TECHNIQUEPRIOR STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

Le caractère intensif des cultures s'est depuis longtemps heurté aux ravages des insectes, qu'ils soient autochtones ou qu'ils proviennent des migrations nées des échanges commerciaux entre les continents. Ces insectes s'attaquent à certaines cultures en développant des maladies qui détruisent partiellement ou totalement ces dernières, affectant les rendements de production ou rendant les produits impropres à la consommation.The intensive nature of crops has long been met with the ravages of insects, whether they be indigenous or from migrations arising from trade between continents. These insects attack some crops by developing diseases that partially or totally destroy them, affecting production yields or making products unfit for consumption.

Afin de lutter contre ces ravages, on a proposé depuis longtemps déjà de mettre en oeuvre des filets, obturant les ouvertures au niveau des serres ou positionnés au dessus des cultures en plein champ, pour ainsi faire barrière aux insectes et les empêcher de pénétrer dans les zones de cultures sensibles. La mise en place de tels filets permet de s'affranchir des traitements chimiques dont l'usage tend à largement diminuer sous la pression écologique des consommateurs, notamment en relation avec les produits dits « biologiques ».In order to combat these ravages, it has long been proposed to use nets, closing openings in greenhouses or positioned above crops in the field, to thereby prevent insects and prevent them from entering the forests. areas of sensitive crops. The introduction of such nets eliminates chemical treatments whose use tends to greatly decrease under the ecological pressure of consumers, particularly in relation to the so-called "organic" products.

Ainsi, les filets disponibles à ce jour sont réalisés par tissage mettant en oeuvre des armures simple comme la toile ou le taffetas avec une croisure des fils de chaîne et de trame perpendiculaire. Un tel filet est par exemple décrit dans le document WO03/074771 .Thus, the nets available today are made by weaving using simple armor such as canvas or taffeta with a cross warp son and weft perpendicular. Such a net is for example described in the document WO03 / 074771 .

D'autres filets sont connus par les documents DE 295 04 780 U , US 2002/137410 et JP 2003 336149 .Other nets are known from the documents DE 295 04780 U , US 2002/137410 and JP 2003 336149 .

On connaît également des filets en mailles présentant des ouvertures assez grandes, typiquement de l'ordre de 850 à 1.000 µm, voire de plus faibles dimensions, de l'ordre de 350 µm. Cependant, les armures mises en oeuvre dans de tels filets définissent de faibles taux d'ouverture, typiquement de l'ordre de 35 à 40%, assurant certes la barrière mécanique contre les insectes, mais en revanche n'autorisant pas un bon échange de l'air et donc s'opposant à une bonne aération des cultures.Mesh nets having fairly large openings, typically of the order of 850 to 1,000 μm, or even smaller, of the order of 350 μm, are also known. However, the armor used in such nets define low rates of opening, typically of the order of 35 to 40%, providing certainly the mechanical barrier against insects, but on the other hand do not allow a good exchange of air and therefore opposing good aeration of crops.

En effet, en raison de la nature tissée des filets, on doit utiliser des fils de diamètre relativement important afin que la texture résultante ait une bonne tenue dans le temps et ainsi éviter un risque de glissement du réseau de fils, susceptible de modifier la taille des ouvertures et donc d'affecter la barrière mécanique contre les insectes.Indeed, because of the woven nature of the nets, we must use relatively large diameter son so that the resulting texture has a good behavior over time and thus avoid a risk of slippage of the son network, likely to change the size openings and therefore affect the mechanical barrier against insects.

Au surplus, en raison de la mise en oeuvre de fils de diamètre important, le filet en résultant présente une certaine rigidité, susceptible de s'opposer au pliage et dépliage dont les filets sont susceptibles de faire l'objet en raison de leur positionnement, notamment au niveau des parties mobiles des ouvrants des serres.Moreover, because of the implementation of large diameter son, the resulting net has a certain rigidity, likely to oppose the folding and unfolding whose nets are likely to be subject because of their positioning, especially at the level of the moving parts of the opening of the greenhouses.

Enfin, la mise en oeuvre de tissés se heurte au risque d'effilochement apparaissant lors de leur découpe et mise en oeuvre sur les structures support sur lesquelles ils sont disposés.Finally, the implementation of woven faces the risk of fraying appearing when they are cut and implemented on the support structures on which they are arranged.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'objet de l'invention est de proposer un écran, destiné à s'opposer aux ravages des insectes, et mettant en oeuvre un filet d'un type nouveau, s'affranchissant de ces différents inconvénients et notamment remplissant la fonction première qui lui est dévolue, à savoir la réalisation d'une barrière anti-insectes, tout en offrant des taux d'aération supérieurs aux filets de l'art antérieur, et susceptible en outre de présenter une longévité accrue.The object of the invention is to provide a screen, intended to oppose the ravages of insects, and implementing a net of a new type, overcoming these various disadvantages and in particular fulfilling the primary function that it is devolving, namely the realization of an insect barrier, while offering higher aeration rates to the nets of the prior art, and may also have a longer life.

Selon l'invention, cet écran anti-insectes est constitué d'un filet à base de fils textiles réalisé par tricotage à mailles jetées sur machine chaîne ou Rachel, dont les fils sont constitué par des monofils ayant un diamétre compris entre 0,04 à 0,1 mm.According to the invention, this insect screen is constituted by a net based on textile yarns made by knitting with a knit stitch on a warp machine or Rachel, whose threads consist of monofilaments having a diameter of between 0.04 to 0.1 mm.

Ce faisant, cette technique particulière mettant en oeuvre le maillage de fils de chaîne avec éventuellement des trames de nature sectionnelle ou non, confère une plus grande cohésion au filet en résultant. Cette technique autorise dès lors la mise en oeuvre de monofils très fins, contribuant ainsi à obtenir un facteur ou taux d'ouverture plus grand que les filets de l'art antérieur.In doing so, this particular technique implementing the mesh of warp threads with possibly sectional or non-sectional frames, gives greater cohesion to the resultant net. This technique therefore allows the use of very fine monofilaments, thus contributing to obtain a factor or opening rate greater than the nets of the prior art.

Ainsi, la surface des orifices définie par les mailles rapportée à la surface occupée par les fils devient nettement plus importante. L'apport d'air et de lumière, tous deux constituants des facteurs déterminant de croissance des cultures, s'en trouve largement amélioré.Thus, the surface of the orifices defined by the stitches relative to the surface occupied by the strands becomes significantly larger. The supply of air and light, both constituting factors determining growth of crops, is greatly improved.

Au surplus, la technologie du tricotage à mailles jetées permet outre de varier la géométrie des orifices, également d'aboutir à la définition d'orifices de très faibles dimensions, plus particulièrement adaptés à la lutte contre des insectes spécifiques également de très petite taille.In addition, the technology knitting jetted mesh makes it possible to vary the geometry of the orifices, also to lead to the definition of orifices of very small dimensions, more particularly adapted to the fight against specific insects also very small.

Selon l'invention le taux d'ouverture défini comme étant le rapport de la surface des orifices sur la surface totale du filet est supérieur à 50%.According to the invention the opening ratio defined as being the ratio of the surface of the orifices on the total surface of the net is greater than 50%.

Selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, le filet définit des orifices de forme sensiblement carrée ou rectangulaire obtenue par tricotage à mailles jetées avec mise en oeuvre de fils de trame sectionnelle.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the net defines orifices of substantially square or rectangular shape obtained by knitting stitches with implementation of sectional weft son.

Selon une seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention, le filet définit des orifices de forme sensiblement hexagonale, obtenue par tricotage, mais dont les fils de trame sont à jetée variable et non pas constante.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the thread defines orifices of substantially hexagonal shape, obtained by knitting, but the weft son are variable jetty and not constant.

Grace à l'invention, on peut obtenir un filet, dont les ouvertures sont inférieures à 250 µm selon au moins l'une des dimensions, et comprises entre 250 et 1000 µm dans l'autre direction.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to obtain a net whose openings are smaller than 250 μm in at least one of the dimensions and between 250 and 1000 μm in the other direction.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, on profite de la technologie du tricotage par mailles jetées pour définir des zones d'accroche au niveau du filet propres à permettre sa manipulation, notamment au niveau des ouvrants des serres.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, it takes advantage of the knitted mesh knitting technology to define gripping zones at the level of the net suitable for its handling, especially at the opening of the greenhouses.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La manière dont l'invention peut être réalisée et les avantages qui en découlent ressortiront mieux des exemples de réalisation qui suivent donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif à l'appui des figures annexées

  • La figure 1 est une illustration schématique d'un filet obtenu par tissage conformément à l'art antérieur.
  • La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un filet obtenu conformément à une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, définissant des orifices de forme rectangulaire.
  • Les figures 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2, dans laquelle les orifices sont de forme carrée.
  • La figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un filet obtenu conformément à une seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention, définissant des orifices de forme hexagonale.
  • Les figures 5, 6, 7 et 8 illustrent la technologie mise en oeuvre en fonction du type et de la forme des orifices souhaités.
  • Les figures 9 et 10 illustrent le positionnement du filet conforme à l'invention respectivement au niveau d'une serre et au niveau de l'ouvrant d'une serre.
  • La figure 11 est une représentation schématique illustrant le principe de réalisation du système d'accrochage conforme à l'invention.
The manner in which the invention can be realized and the advantages which result therefrom will emerge more clearly from the following exemplary embodiments given as an indication and not by way of limitation in support of the appended figures.
  • The figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a net obtained by weaving in accordance with the prior art.
  • The figure 2 is a schematic representation of a net obtained according to a first embodiment of the invention, defining rectangular-shaped orifices.
  • The figures 3 is a view similar to the figure 2 in which the orifices are square in shape.
  • The figure 4 is a schematic representation of a net obtained according to a second embodiment of the invention, defining hexagonal shaped orifices.
  • The Figures 5, 6 , 7 and 8 illustrate the technology implemented according to the type and shape of the desired orifices.
  • The Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the positioning of the net according to the invention respectively at a greenhouse and at the opening of a greenhouse.
  • The figure 11 is a schematic representation illustrating the principle of realization of the attachment system according to the invention.

MODES DE REALIASTION DE L'INVENTIONMODES OF REALIASTION OF THE INVENTION

La figure 1 représente un filet anti-insectes de l'art antérieur obtenu par tissage. On désigne par 100 les fils de chaînes, et par 101 les fils de trame.The figure 1 represents an anti-insect net of the prior art obtained by weaving. We denote by 100 the son of chains, and by 101 the weft son.

On observe que ce tissage définit des orifices 102 de surface S1 de forme sensiblement rectangulaire.It is observed that this weave defines orifices 102 of surface S1 of substantially rectangular shape.

Afin d'aboutir à une certaine cohésion du filet, résultant de l'opération de tissage, les fils de chaîne et de trame 100, 101 sont de dimensions relativement importantes pour ne pas affecter la dimension des orifices 102 et notamment leur surface S1. En effet, dans l'hypothèse où les fils 100, 101 sont trop fins, on observe que le réseau n'a plus de tenue mécanique, les fils glissant entre eux, de sorte que la dimension des orifices 102 n'est plus conservée, susceptible de définir ainsi des orifices de plus grandes dimensions, impropres alors à remplir la fonction de barrière contre les insectes, dévolue au filet. Corollairement, en raison de la mise en oeuvre de fils de gros diamètre, ceux-ci ont tendance à réduire le passage de l'air, affectant les conditions climatiques des cultures destinées à être protégées par un tel filet.In order to achieve a certain cohesion of the net, resulting from the weaving operation, the warp and weft threads 100 , 101 are of relatively large dimensions so as not to affect the size of the orifices 102 and in particular their surface S1 . Indeed, in the case where the son 100 , 101 are too thin, it is observed that the network has no mechanical strength, the son sliding between them, so that the size of the orifices 102 is no longer preserved, This can lead to bigger holes, which are unsuitable for the insect barrier function. As a corollary, because of the use of large diameter wires, these tend to reduce the passage of air, affecting the climatic conditions of crops to be protected by such a net.

On a représenté en relation avec la figure 2 une représentation schématique d'une première forme de réalisation du filet conforme à l'invention. Celui-ci est réalisé par la technique du tricotage à mailles jetées, telle que par exemple mise en oeuvre sur les métiers type RACHEL commercialisés par les sociétés KARL MAYER ou LIBA.We have shown in relation to the figure 2 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the net according to the invention. This is carried out by the technique of jersey knitting discarded, such as for example implemented on the RACHEL type trades marketed by the companies KARL MAYER or LIBA.

Ce filet comporte, selon cette forme de réalisations des chaînettes 204 venant mailler avec des fils de trame 205, en l'espèce de nature sectionnelle, telle qu'il sera décrit ultérieurement plus en détail. Ce tricotage définit des orifices 202 de surface S1'.This net comprises, according to this embodiment of the chain 204 mesh with weft son 205 , in this case of sectional nature, as will be described later in more detail. This knitting defines orifices 202 of surface S1 ' .

On relève que le rapport de la surface S1' au regard de la surface S2', définie sur ladite figure et correspondant à la somme de la surface S1' de l'orifice 202 et de celle occupée par les fils définissant l'orifice en question, est nettement plus important que le rapport desdites surfaces résultant du filet obtenu par la technique classique du tissage de la figure 1.It is noted that the ratio of the surface S1 ' facing the surface S2' defined in said figure and corresponding to the sum of the surface S1 ' of the orifice 202 and that occupied by the son defining the orifice in question , is significantly larger than the ratio of said surfaces resulting from the net obtained by the conventional technique of weaving the figure 1 .

On peut également observer sur cette figure un double chemin des fils fins en l'espèce de trame 205, constituant ainsi un réseau bloqué sans risque de glissement et donc, permettant de conserver constante les dimensions des orifices 202 ainsi définis. En raison de la mise en oeuvre de fils fins et notamment de monofils typiquement de diamètre compris entre 0,04 à 0,1 mm, on contribue à obtenir un facteur ou taux d'ouverture nettement plus élevé que le produit de l'art antérieur, favorisant le passage de l'air au travers du filet sans pour autan affecter la fonction de barrière anti-insecte dévolue au filet.It is also possible to observe in this figure a double path of the fine wires in this case of frame 205 , thus constituting a blocked network without risk of slippage and thus, making it possible to keep constant the dimensions of the orifices 202 thus defined. Due to the use of fine wires and especially monofilaments, typically with a diameter of between 0.04 and 0.1 mm, it is possible to obtain a significantly higher factor or opening ratio than the product of the prior art. , promoting the passage of air through the net without affecting the insect barrier function devolved to the net.

Les mesures réalisées en laboratoire en relation avec les pertes de charges et de passage de l'air au travers de tels filets à des vitesses différentes montrent que la différence de perméabilité de ce type de filet par rapport aux tissés classiques s'en trouve très nettement améliorées puisqu'on aboutit à un coefficient de perte de charge (mesuré en soufflerie pour analyser le passage du vent à différentes vitesses) inférieur à 4 et même susceptible d'atteindre des valeurs voisines de 1,6.Measurements carried out in the laboratory in relation to the losses of charge and the passage of air through such nets at different speeds show that the difference in permeability of this type of net with respect to conventional weaves is very clearly improved since it leads to a coefficient of pressure drop (measured in the wind tunnel to analyze the passage of the wind at different speeds) less than 4 and even likely to reach values close to 1.6.

On a reproduit sur le tableau ci-après les variations observées du coefficient de perte de charge, de diminution du débit et de diminution du débit ouvrant par rapport à différents filets obtenus conformément à l'invention au regard de filets témoins correspondant à un tissé de la figure 1. N° Filet Coefficient de perte de charge Coefficient de débit Diminution du débit % Diminution du débit ouvrant % I 1.74 0.76 41 27 II 2.14 0.68 45 31 III 2.52 0.63 48 34 IV 3.49 0.54 54 40 V 3.56 0.53 55 40 TEMOIN 4.56 0.47 59 45

  • L'échantillon I correspond à un filet dont les ouvertures présentent des dimensions de 500 x 500 µm, plus particulièrement adapté à la protection contre divers insectes : pucerons, mouches, Aleurodes... ;
  • Les échantillons II et III correspondent à un filet, dont les ouvertures présentent des dimensions de 250 x 730 µm, plus particulièrement adaptées à la protection contre la Bemisia Tabachi ;
  • Les échantillons IV et V correspondent à un filet, dont les ouvertures présentent des dimensions de 290 x 320 µm, plus particulièrement adaptées à la protection contre les Thrips..
Le filet témoin est un tissé conventionnel avec des fils de 0,20/0,22 mm et avec une porosité (rapport entre la surface des trous et l'unité de surface) de l'ordre de 38/40 %.The following variations are reproduced in the table below for the observed variations in the coefficient of pressure drop, flow reduction and decrease of the opening flow rate with respect to different nets obtained in accordance with the invention with regard to control nets corresponding to a woven fabric. the figure 1 . N ° Net Coefficient of loss of load Flow coefficient Decrease of the flow% Decrease of the flow opening% I 1.74 0.76 41 27 II 2.14 0.68 45 31 III 2.52 0.63 48 34 IV 3.49 0.54 54 40 V 3.56 0.53 55 40 WITNESS 4.56 0.47 59 45
  • Sample I corresponds to a net whose openings have dimensions of 500 x 500 μm, more particularly adapted to the protection against various insects: aphids, flies, whiteflies ...;
  • Samples II and III correspond to a net whose openings have dimensions of 250 x 730 μm, more particularly adapted to protection against Bemisia Tabachi;
  • Samples IV and V correspond to a net, whose openings have dimensions of 290 x 320 μm, more particularly adapted to protection against Thrips.
The control net is a conventional woven with 0.20 / 0.22 mm yarns and with a porosity (ratio of hole surface area to unit area) of the order of 38/40%.

Les mesures sont effectuées en soufflerie ; on note la vitesse du vent, sa modification après le passage au travers du filet ainsi que différents facteurs qui permettent ensuite de déterminer par le calcul, les diminutions de débit sur le filet même et dans sa position d'utilisation, c'est à dire lorsqu'il est disposé sur une structure de serre.The measurements are made in the wind tunnel; we note the speed of the wind, its modification after the passage through the net as well as various factors which then make it possible to determine by calculation, the decreases of flow on the net itself and in its position of use, ie when placed on a greenhouse structure.

Les valeurs de diminution de débit indiquées correspondent ainsi à des données directement exploitables par les constructeurs et les horticulteurs pour déterminer leurs conditions d'exploitation de cultures.The flow rate reduction values indicated thus correspond to data directly usable by the builders and horticulturists to determine their crop operating conditions.

Au surplus, il est connu que le passage de l'air au travers d'un filet n'est pas lié de manière proportionnelle à son taux d'ouverture, mais est également corrélé à la géométrie des orifices qui le constituent. En effet, la géométrie des orifices influe également sur le comportement des insectes pour les empêcher de franchir la barrière mécanique constituée par le filet.In addition, it is known that the passage of air through a net is not related proportionally to its opening rate, but is also correlated to the geometry of the orifices that constitute it. Indeed, the geometry of the orifices also influences the behavior of insects to prevent them from crossing the mechanical barrier constituted by the net.

L'invention permet de définir différents types de géométrie d'ouverture de par la mise en oeuvre de la technologie « mailles jetées ».The invention makes it possible to define different types of opening geometry by the use of the "discarded mesh" technology.

Ainsi, si la géométrie des ouvertures de la figure 2 est rectangulaire, celle de la figure 3 montre des orifices de forme sensiblement carrée, et celle de la figure 4 des orifices de forme hexagonale.So, if the geometry of the openings of the figure 2 is rectangular, that of the figure 3 shows holes of substantially square shape, and that of the figure 4 hexagonal shaped holes.

On a illustré en relation avec les figures 5 à 8, la technologie permettant d'obtenir ces différentes formes géométriques.We have illustrated in relation to the Figures 5 to 8 , the technology to obtain these different geometric shapes.

Ainsi, les technologies illustrées au sein des figures 5 et 6 permettent d'obtenir des filets, dont les orifices sont de forme rectangulaire ou carrée, le liage étant obtenu selon la technologie de la maille jetée.Thus, the technologies illustrated in the Figures 5 and 6 make it possible to obtain threads, the orifices of which are of rectangular or square shape, the binding being obtained according to the technology of the stitch knit.

La référence B1 illustre les chaînettes qui travaillent sur une seule colonne d'aiguilles. La barre de guide-fils travaille selon l'armure 00/22.Reference B1 illustrates the chains that work on a single column of needles. The wire guide bar works in 00/22 armor.

Le fil B2 Illustre une trame sectionnelle travaillant au moyen d'une barre de guide-fils selon l'armure 10/01, l'ensemble ayant été représenté pour une jauge fine de vingt-huit aiguilles au pouce (25,40 mm).Wire B2 Illustrates a sectional frame working by means of a wire guide bar according to the 10/01 weave, the assembly having been shown for a fine gauge of twenty-eight needles per inch (25.40 mm).

La distance e séparant deux chaînettes adjacentes correspond à l'espace entre deux aiguilles, le diamètre du fil étant sélectionné pour déterminer la largeur des orifices 202, 302 du filet. On peut ainsi obtenir des orifices de 500 x 500 µm. De tels filets sont avantageusement utilisés l'insecte thrips, en réduisant la dimension du côté à 350 µm.The distance e separating two adjacent chains corresponds to the space between two needles, the diameter of the wire being selected to determine the width of the orifices 202, 302 of the net. It is thus possible to obtain 500 x 500 μm orifices. Such nets are advantageously used the thrips insect, reducing the size of the side to 350 microns.

La figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 5 mais mettant en oeuvre une jauge plus grande, typiquement à 22 aiguilles au pouce, et avec un rapport différent entre la densité chaîne et celle de trame, de façon à obtenir un filet dont les orifices sont de forme rectangulaire, typiquement de 250 µm de largeur pour une longueur de 730 µm.The figure 6 is a view similar to the figure 5 but using a larger gauge, typically 22 needles per inch, and with a different ratio between the warp and weft density, so as to obtain a thread whose orifices are rectangular in shape, typically 250 microns wide for a length of 730 μm.

Ces filets sont plus particulièrement adaptés à la protection contre les insectes ravageurs qui s'attaquent d'une manière générale aux cultures maraîchères et horticoles. Ils transmettent alors des maladies qui, antérieurement, ne pouvaient être combattues que par des traitements chimiques. Hors on sait combien ces techniques sont de plus en plus abandonnées avec la nécessité d'une agriculture biologique et/ ou plus respectueuse de l'environnement.These nets are particularly suitable for protection against insect pests that generally attack vegetable and horticultural crops. They then transmit diseases which, previously, could only be combated by chemical treatments. Outside we know how much these techniques are more and more abandoned with the need for organic farming and / or more respectful of the environment.

On peut citer en revanche certain cas d'insectes précis qui agissent plus spécifiquement sur certaines cultures : par exemple la « bemisia tabachi », le Thrips ou les pucerons...On the other hand, there are certain cases of specific insects that act more specifically on certain crops: for example " bemisia tabachi ", Thrips or aphids ...

La figure 7 représente un autre type de liage, permettant d'obtenir un filet dont les orifices présentent des dimensions de 700µm à 900 µm de coté avec un fil de 0,08 à 0,10 mm, et propre à servir de barrière contre des insectes du type pucerons et certaines mouches ou aleurodes. Selon cette technologie, les chaînettes B1 sont du type précédemment décrit mais travaillant selon une armure 10/10. En revanche les fils B2 sont constitués d'un fil maillant et tramant de manière alternative. Ce liage présente la particularité d'une très grande tenue et stabilité dimensionnelle.The figure 7 represents another type of binding, making it possible to obtain a thread whose orifices have dimensions of 700 .mu.m to 900 .mu.m on the side with a thread of 0.08 to 0.10 mm, and suitable to serve as a barrier against insects of the type aphids and some flies or whiteflies. According to this technology, the B1 chains are of the type previously described but working in 10/10 armor. On the other hand, the threads B2 consist of a gill yarn and alternatively emboss. This binding presents the particularity of a very great holding and dimensional stability.

Enfin la Figure 8 permet d'aboutir à un filet, dont les orifices sont de forme sensiblement hexagonale, permettant de définir une structure en nid d'abeilles. Un tel filet est avantageusement mis en oeuvre pour interdire le passage d'insectes particuliers, du type de ceux précédemment cités. Cette géométrie présente l'avantage de ne pas être directionnelle et donc de présenter un comportement uniforme à isotrope dans toutes les directions.Finally, Figure 8 leads to a thread, the orifices of substantially hexagonal shape, to define a honeycomb structure. Such a net is advantageously used to prohibit the passage of particular insects, of the type mentioned above. This geometry has the advantage of not being directional and therefore of presenting a uniform isotropic behavior in all directions.

Selon cette forme de réalisation particulière, les fils B1 de chaînette travaillent sur deux colonnes d'aiguilles contrairement aux trois formes de réalisation précédentes.According to this particular embodiment, the chain B1 threads work on two needle columns in contrast to the three previous embodiments.

Typiquement, l'armure de travail des aiguilles correspondantes est 10/01/10/12/21/12.Typically, the working armor of the corresponding needles is 10/01/10/12/21/12.

Les fils de trame sont à jetée variable et non pas constante comme pour la figure 6.The weft yarns are variable jetty and not constant as for the figure 6 .

Le filet de l'invention est susceptible de présenter des caractéristiques de résistance tant aux intempéries qu'aux rayons ultraviolet aux fins d'assurer une fonctionnalité de plusieurs années. A cet effet, on réalise les fils constitutifs en polyéthylène ou polypropylène, dont le polymère de base reçoit un anti-oxydant.The net of the invention is likely to have both weathering and ultraviolet resistance characteristics to provide multi-year functionality. For this purpose, the constituent son is made of polyethylene or polypropylene, the base polymer receives an antioxidant.

Cependant, on peut souhaiter mettre en place des filets biodégradables afin de respecter certaines contraintes de type environnementales par exemple. A cet effet, on utilise des fils de polyester, de polyamide ou d'acide polylactique par exemple.However, one may wish to implement biodegradable nets to meet certain environmental type constraints for example. For this purpose, son of polyester, polyamide or polylactic acid for example.

On a représenté en relation avec les figures 9 et 10 des exemples de montage du filet conforme à l'invention. Celui-ci de manière classique peut obturer l'une 906 ou les deux faces latérales d'accès à une serre 907. Il peut également se présenter sous la forme d'un bandeau latéral 908 s'étendant selon toute la longueur de la serre, tel que représenté à la figure 9, et destiné à obturer la serre 907 à ce niveau contre les insectes, mais non contre le passage de l'air.We have shown in relation with the Figures 9 and 10 examples of mounting the net according to the invention. The latter in a conventional manner can close one 906 or both side faces of access to a greenhouse 907 . It may also be in the form of a lateral strip 908 extending along the entire length of the greenhouse, as shown in FIG. figure 9 , and intended to close the greenhouse 907 at this level against insects, but not against the passage of air.

Au demeurant, certaines serres sont munies d'ouvrants 1009, notamment les serres en verre, pour permettre de faire varier les conditions climatiques qui règnent dans le volume qu'elles définissent, de tels ouvrants étant articulés 1010 sur la serre.Moreover, some greenhouses are provided with openings 1009 , including glass greenhouses, to allow to vary the climatic conditions that prevail in the volume they define, such openings being hinged 1010 on the greenhouse.

On souhaite également se prémunir des insectes malgré la mise en oeuvre d'un tel ouvrant, de sorte que l'on assortit celui-ci d'un filet 1011 conforme à l'invention pour, bien qu'autorisant le passage de l'air, interdire l'accès aux insectes (voir figure 10). Le filet en question est alors solidarisé par tous moyens aux bords respectifs de la partie fixe et de la partie mobile de l'ouvrant.It is also desired to protect insects despite the use of such an opening, so that it is matched with a net 1011 according to the invention for, although allowing the passage of air , prohibit access to insects (see figure 10 ). The net in question is then secured by any means to the respective edges of the fixed part and the movable part of the opening.

En revanche et afin de permettre la manipulation aisée de cet ouvrant, on met en oeuvre des systèmes 1012, 1013 de rétractation du filet en direction de l'intérieur de la serre, lorsque l'on souhaite obturer l'ouvrant en question. A cette fin, on effectue une traction sur ledit filet par tout moyen, et notamment un système de tringlerie ou un système de cordes solidarisé sur la face intérieure du filet, et plus particulièrement à une bande de renfort 1014, susceptible d'être rapportée par liage sur toute la longueur du filet.On the other hand, and in order to allow the easy handling of this opening, systems 1012 , 1013 for retracting the net towards the inside of the greenhouse are used when it is desired to close the door in question. To this end, traction is performed on said net by any means, and in particular a linkage system or a system of ropes secured to the inner face of the net, and more particularly to a reinforcing strip 1014 , which can be reported by binding over the entire length of the net.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, et à cette fin, on rapporte sur la dite face intérieure des fils techniques supplémentaires 1110 (figure 11), propres à créer des boucles 1111 au niveau desquelles viennent se solidariser les moyens de rappel ou les tiges 1112. Ces boucles 1111 sont définies par la mise en place de fils techniques résistants mécaniquement toujours par tricotage, ces fils étant liés en des zones 1113 avec un liage spécifique suffisamment solide pour former un lien suffisant avec le filet, sans risque de déchirure à l'usage.According to one characteristic of the invention, and for this purpose, there are reported on said inner face additional technical threads 1110 ( figure 11 ), suitable for creating loops 1111 at which are secured the return means or the rods 1112 . These loops 1111 are defined by the establishment of mechanically resistant technical threads always by knitting, these son being bonded into zones 1113 with a specific bonding strong enough to form a sufficient link with the net, without the risk of tearing the use .

Ces boucles sont réalisées lors de la fabrication du filet, et sont réparties de manière relativement périodique et uniforme le long du filet, et par exemple espacées tous les 30 cm. Ainsi, le filet peut être déplié ou replié à loisir, lors des mouvements de l'ouvrant, avec une facilité d'escamotage à l'intérieur de la serre.These loops are made during the manufacture of the net, and are distributed relatively uniformly and periodically along the net, and for example spaced every 30 cm. Thus, the net can be unfolded or folded at will, during the movements of the opening, with ease of retraction inside the greenhouse.

Ces boucles ou zones d'accrochage sont constitués par des fils, soit de même nature que celle des fils constituant le filet, soit de nature différente, et notamment de diamètre plus important et plus résistant mécaniquement.These loops or attachment zones are constituted by son, or of the same nature as that of the son constituting the net, or of different nature, and in particular larger diameter and more mechanically resistant.

D'autres modes de pliage peuvent être mis en oeuvre comme un pliage en « accordéon », un pliage « en paquet » et dans ces cas, les fils et boucles rapportées directement dans le filet lors de sa fabrication, servent de moyen efficace d'accrochage en évitant toutes les solutions aléatoires et coûteuses de couture de rajout de renforts ou de perçage pour les éléments de fixation.Other modes of folding can be implemented as an "accordion" fold, a "pack" fold and in these cases, the threads and buckles reported directly in the net during its manufacture, serve as an effective means of fastening by avoiding all the random and costly solutions of reinforcing or piercing add-on seams for fasteners.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention (non représentée), le filet est susceptible de comporter des fils techniques de renfort, plus particulièrement destinés à améliorer la tenue au vent.According to a feature of the invention (not shown), the net is likely to include reinforcing technical son, more particularly to improve the wind resistance.

Ces fils de renfort sont plus épais que les fils constitutifs du filet proprement dit, et présentant une résistance spécifique. Ils sont séparés l'un de l'autre selon une distance comprise entre 1 cm et 20 cm en fonction de l'importance du renfort recherché, lesdits fils de renfort étant rapportés directement sur le filet lors de la fabrication de ce dernier.These reinforcing son are thicker than the constituent son of the net itself, and having a specific resistance. They are separated from one another by a distance of between 1 cm and 20 cm depending on the importance of the desired reinforcement, said reinforcement son being reported directly on the net during the manufacture of the latter.

On conçoit tout l'intérêt de l'écran conforme à l'invention, qui permet de remplir son rôle premier de barrière contre les insectes, tout en assurant un taux d'ouverture davantage en harmonie avec les conditions climatiques que souhaitent créer les maraîchers ou les horticulteurs au sein de leurs serres, ou sur les cultures plein champ.It is conceivable the whole interest of the screen according to the invention, which allows to fulfill its primary role of barrier against insects, while ensuring an opening rate more in harmony with the climatic conditions that want to create market gardeners or horticulturists in their greenhouses, or on field crops.

Claims (12)

  1. Anti-insect screen constituted by a yarn-based net characterized in that the the constituent yarns of the net are constituted by monofilament yarns, which diameter is between 0.04 and 0.1 mm, and in that the net is warp knitted on a warp-knitting or Rachel machine.
  2. Anti-insect screen as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the constituent wefts of the net are sectional in nature.
  3. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the percentage aperture of the net, defined as being the ratio of the surface S1' of the orifices (202, 302, 402) to the total net surface, is above 50%.
  4. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coefficient of pressure loss of the net is below 3.
  5. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the net defmes orifices that are substantially square or rectangular in shape.
  6. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the net defines orifices that are substantially hexagonal in shape, obtained by knitting, but with the weft yarns thereof being of variable and not constant cast.
  7. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of the previous claims, characterized in that the net has apertures of less than 250 micrometers in at least one of the dimensions, and of between 250 and 1000 micrometers in the other direction.
  8. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the constituent yarns of the net are made of polyethylene or polypropylene, with the basic polymer thereof possibly receiving an anti-oxidant.
  9. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the constituent yarns of the net are made of polyester, polyamide or polylactic acid.
  10. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, on one of the faces of the net, are defined return means attachment areas, obtained directly by knitting when the net itself is made.
  11. Anti-insect screen as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the attachment areas are constituted by yarns, either of the same type as the constituent yarns of the net, or of a different type, and particularly of larger diameter and more mechanically resistant.
  12. Anti-insect screen as claimed in one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the net comprises technical reinforcing yarns, that are thicker than the constituent yarns of the net itself, and offer a specific resistance, said technical yarns being separated from each other by a distance of between 1 cm and 20 cm depending on the degree of reinforcement required, said reinforcing yarns being added directly to the net when it is manufactured.
EP07866506A 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Insect protection screen Active EP2079341B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0654680A FR2907805B1 (en) 2006-10-31 2006-10-31 INSECT PROTECTION SCREEN
PCT/FR2007/052263 WO2008053116A2 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Insect protection screen

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EP2079341A2 EP2079341A2 (en) 2009-07-22
EP2079341B1 true EP2079341B1 (en) 2013-01-16

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FR (1) FR2907805B1 (en)
IL (1) IL197822A (en)
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JP7146749B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2022-10-04 ハンター ダグラス インコーポレイテッド flexible panel
US11243337B2 (en) 2018-05-02 2022-02-08 Hunter Douglas Inc. Sheer material for use in architectural coverings

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DE29504780U1 (en) * 1995-03-21 1995-07-20 Hoechst Trevira Gmbh & Co Kg Deformable, heat-stabilizable open network structure
GB9722578D0 (en) * 1997-10-24 1997-12-24 Protec Health International Li Impregnated fabrics
CA2365570A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-20 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. Knitted fabric for insect screening
JP3985093B2 (en) * 2002-05-20 2007-10-03 シニオン株式会社 Roll net door net of synthetic resin fiber yarn and net of synthetic resin fiber yarn
WO2006001056A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2006-01-05 Seiki Hanbai Co., Ltd. Insect-proof net for screen door and method of manufacturing the same

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ES2401302T3 (en) 2013-04-18
WO2008053116A2 (en) 2008-05-08
FR2907805B1 (en) 2009-01-16
MX2009003110A (en) 2009-06-08
IL197822A0 (en) 2009-12-24
EP2079341A2 (en) 2009-07-22
IL197822A (en) 2013-05-30
FR2907805A1 (en) 2008-05-02

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