Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
  • C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F259/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00
  • C08F259/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00 on to polymers containing fluorine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J151/003—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J151/06—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/14—Macromolecular compounds according to C08L59/00 - C08L87/00; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/24—Graft or block copolymers according to groups C08L51/00, C08L53/00 or C08L55/02; Derivatives thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
  • Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
  • Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to polymeric compositions with adhesive properties. It also relates to a method for making these compositions. It also relates to multilayer structures of which one of the layers consists of the polymeric composition with adhesive properties.
• polyolefins and in particular high density polyethylene, are used for the manufacture of pipes and tanks for the transport and storage of liquid hydrocarbons, in particular oils and fuels.
• the chemical resistance and the impermeability of these polymers with respect to these hydrocarbons are not always sufficient for all the uses for which they are intended.
• a barrier layer of another polymer is then interposed between the hydrocarbon to be conveyed or stored and the polyolefin.
• Polymers, both chemically resistant and impermeable, frequently used for this purpose are fluorinated polymers, in particular the homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl fluoride and vinylidene.
• fluoropolymers in turn have another disadvantage: they do not adhere well to polyolefins. Therefore, compositions have been developed to improve the adherent properties of fluoropolymers.
• This composition includes a mixing from 35 to 65 parts by weight of grafted polyethylene of methyl methacrylate with 90 to 10 parts by weight of poly (methyl methacrylate). The proportions of each of the constituents of the mixture must be carefully controlled, otherwise the delamination of the PVDF layer will occur. In addition, this composition has an unpleasant odor.
• the present invention aims to provide a composition for adhering a polyolefin to a fluoropolymer, not having these disadvantages.
• the present invention therefore primarily relates to polymeric compositions with adhesive properties comprising:
• polyolefin (B) grafted by at most 4% by weight, relative to the weight of polyolefin (B), of at least one compound (b) containing at least one functional group (f2) chosen from acidic and anhydride groups, optionally neutralized in whole or in part with at least one neutralizing agent;
• the polymeric compositions according to the invention comprise at least one fluorinated polymer (A).
• fluoropolymer is meant a polymer of which more than 50% by weight of the repeating units are derived from at least one fluorinated monomer.
• the fluoropolymer may be a homopolymer; it can also be a copolymer formed by several fluorinated monomers with each other, or a copolymer formed by one or more fluorinated monomers with one or more non-fluorinated monomers. These copolymers may especially be random copolymers, block copolymers or graft copolymers.
• fluorinated monomer any monomer which comprises at least one fluorine atom; it usually comprises at least one ethylenic unsaturation.
• fluorinated monomers mention may be made of fluorinated vinyl monomers, fluorinated styrenic monomers such as 4-fluorostyrene, fluorinated (meth) acrylic monomers such as trifluoroethyl and fluorinated conjugated dienes such as 2-fluorobutadiene.
• the fluorinated monomer is preferably a fluorinated vinyl monomer.
• fluorinated vinyl monomer is intended to denote monoethylenically unsaturated fluorinated monomers which are aliphatic and which have as their only heteroatom (s) one or more fluorine atoms and, optionally, one or more chlorine atoms.
• fluorinated vinyl monomers there may be mentioned hydrogen-free vinyl monomers such as tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, and partially hydrogenated fluorinated vinyl monomers such as vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene , the
• nonfluorinated monomer any monomer free of fluorine atom; it usually comprises at least one ethylenic unsaturation.
• non-fluorinated monomers are: alpha-monoolefins, such as, for example, ethylene and propylene; styrene and non-fluorinated styrenic derivatives; non-fluorinated chlorinated monomers such as, for example, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; non-fluorinated vinyl ethers; non-fluorinated vinyl esters such as, for example, vinyl acetate; non-fluorinated (meth) acrylic esters, nitriles and amides such as acrylonitrile and acrylamide.
• fluoropolymers there may be mentioned homopolymers of vinylidene fluoride, of vinyl fluoride, of trifluoroethylene or of chlorotrifluoroethylene, and the copolymers which these fluorinated monomers form with one another or with at least one other fluorinated monomer such as as defined above (including a fluorinated monomer containing no hydrogen atom, such as tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene).
• the fluoropolymer (A) present in the compositions according to the invention is preferably chosen from vinylidene fluoride polymers.
• a vinylidene fluoride polymer is a fluoropolymer (ie a polymer of which more than 50% by weight of the repeating units are derived from at least one fluorinated monomer), including recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride.
• vinylidene fluoride polymers there may be mentioned homopolymers of vinylidene fluoride, and its copolymers with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, whether they are fluorinated (examples of other fluorinated monomers with unsaturation ethylene are vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene) or not (examples of non-fluorinated ethylenically unsaturated monomers are alpha-monoolefins such as ethylene and propylene, styrene and non-fluorinated styrenic derivatives, non-fluorinated chlorinated monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, non-fluorinated vinyl ethers, non-fluorinated vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, esters, nitriles and amides (meth) non
• the vinylidene fluoride polymers preferably contain more than 50% by weight of repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride.
• Particularly preferred vinylidene fluoride polymers are homopolymers of vinylidene fluoride and random copolymers of vinylidene fluoride containing from 10 to 20% by weight of at least one fluorinated comonomer selected from hexafluoropropylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene.
• the fluoropolymer (A) is grafted with at least one compound (a) - defined and described in detail below - which contains at least one functional group (fl) capable of conferring adhesion properties on said polymer.
• the functional group (fl) may be any group having a reactivity or a polarity such that it allows the fluoropolymer to develop adhesion forces, even with respect to materials that it is not normally not possible to adhere to this polymer.
• the functional group (fl) is generally chosen from those bearing at least one reactive function that does not intervene in radical mechanisms.
• (fl.l) groups derived from carboxylic acids hereinafter also simply referred to as “acid groups”; carboxylic acids from which these groups originate may be mono- or dicarboxylic acids; (fl.2) groups derived from carboxylic anhydrides, resulting from the condensation of two carboxylic acid groups in the same molecule, also hereinafter simply referred to as “anhydride groups”; the carboxylic anhydrides which carry these groups can themselves derive from mono- or dicarboxylic acids; (fl.3) groups derived from carboxylic esters, also hereinafter more simply referred to as “ester groups”; (fl.4) groups derived from carboxylic amides, also hereinafter more simply referred to as "amide groups”; (fl.5) epoxy groups derived from compounds containing a cyclic ether function;
• hydroxyl groups derived from alcohols also hereinafter more simply referred to as "alcohol groups"; the alcohols from which these groups originate may be monoalcohols or polyols;
• (fl.8) hydrolyzable groups containing a silyl group hydrolyzable groups containing a silyl group.
• the epoxy groups (f 1.5), the alcohol groups (f1.6) and the carbonyl groups (f1.7) are preferred. Epoxy groups and alcohol groups derived from diols are more particularly preferred. Epoxy groups give the best results.
• the functional group (f1) contained in the compound (a) grafted on the fluoropolymer (A) is preferably capable of reacting with the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) grafted onto the polyolefin (B).
• the epoxy groups (fl.5), the alcohol groups (fl.6) and the carbonyl groups (fl.7) are examples of functional groups (fl) capable of reacting with the functional group (f2) contained in the compound ( b).
• the fluoropolymer (A) is grafted with at least one compound (a) containing at least one functional group (fl).
• the functional group (s) (f1) contained in the compound (s) (a) can belong to the same family or to different families.
• the compound (a) In order to be grafted onto the fluoropolymer (A), the compound (a) usually contains at least one group (g) making it possible to graft said compound (a) onto this polymer.
• the group (g) is generally chosen from:
• saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups capable of participating in radical mechanisms, such as radical additions or combinations; amino groups or phenols capable of participating in nucleophilic reactions;
• the group (g) is chosen from organic groups having at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, from amino groups and from peroxy groups.
• Organic groups having at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated terminal carbon-carbon double bond such as vinyl, allyl, acryloyloxyalkyl and methacryloyloxyalkyl groups, for example, are particularly preferred.
• the vinyl and allyl groups give the best results.
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one group chosen from acid and anhydride groups as part of functional group (fl) are unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, bicyclo- [2.2.1] hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, crotonic anhydride and citraconic anhydride.
• Maleic anhydride is generally preferred, in particular for reasons of accessibility.
• the acid group (s) and / or the anhydride group (s) that may be contained in the compound (a) are neutralized, in whole or in part, by at least one neutralizing agent.
• the neutralizing agent may be a hydroxide (such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example sodium hydroxide), an inorganic salt, an organic salt or a mixture of an organic salt and an inorganic salt.
• the inorganic salt is preferably an alkali metal carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate or monohydrogenphosphate. Sodium carbonate is particularly preferred.
• the organic salt is preferably a carboxylate or a mono- or polyhydroxycarboxylate of a metal, which may be in particular an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal of the IHa family of the periodic table of the elements or a transition metal.
• the organic salt is a carboxylate of a transition metal or an alkali metal mono- or polyhydroxycarboxylate.
• the organic salt is selected from sodium lactate and zinc acetate.
• the neutralizing agent is used in an amount preferably greater than 0.5 molar equivalent relative to the number of acid groups and / or anhydrides (fl) contained in the compound (a). Moreover, the neutralizing agent is used in an amount preferably of less than 3 eq.mol. relative to the number of these functional groups (fl).
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one ester group as a functional group (f 1) are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, monomethyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate and the like. butyl, amyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl itaconate and diethyl citraconate.
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated terminal carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one amide group as functional group (f 1) are acrylamide and methacrylamide.
• An example of a compound (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one epoxy group as a functional group (f 1) is allyl glycidyl ether.
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one alcohol group as functional group (f 1) are allyl alcohol and 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol.
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated terminal carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one carbonyl group as functional group (f 1) are heterocyclic organic compounds containing a vinyl or allyl group attached to the heteroatom and whose heterocycle carries the carbonyl bond, such as N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam.
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond as group (g) and at least one hydrolyzable group containing a silyl group as a functional group (fl) are vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, vinyl triacetoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane.
• Examples of compounds (a) containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond as group (g), and at least two functional groups (f 1) of different nature are acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (an ester group and an epoxy group as functional groups (fl)); hydroxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate and hydroxypropyl acrylate and methacrylate (an ester group and an alcohol group as functional groups (f1)); N-methylolmethacrylamide (an alcohol group and an amide group as functional groups (fl)).
• compounds containing at least one functional group (fl) chosen from epoxy groups, alcohol groups and carbonyl groups, more particularly from epoxy groups and alcohol groups derived from diols are preferred.
• the compounds (a) more particularly preferred are allyl glycidyl ether, 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol, N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam. The best results were obtained with allyl glycidyl ether.
• the grafting of the compound (a) onto the fluoropolymer (A) can be carried out according to any known method for this purpose. Depending on the chemical properties and the physical state of the compound (a), this grafting can be carried out at the solid state, in solution, in suspension, in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent. This grafting can also be carried out by irradiation, for example by means of an electron beam or by gamma radiation.
• the grafting of the compound (a) onto the fluoropolymer (A) is most generally carried out on a molten mixture of the compound and the polymer. It can be operated batchwise, in kneaders, or continuously, in extruders.
• the grafting reaction of the compound (a) on the fluoropolymer (A) is most often favored and initiated by a radical generator, at least when the group (g) of the compound (a) is not itself a group capable of easily forming free radicals, such as peroxy and azo groups.
• a radical generator it is generally used compounds whose decomposition temperature is between 120 and 350 0 C and the half-life in this temperature zone, of the order of one minute.
• the radical generator is preferably an organic peroxide, and more particularly an alkyl or aryl peroxide.
• benzoyl peroxide dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di (t-butyl) peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, 1,3-di (2-t -butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane and
• 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (t-butylperoxy) hexane and dicumyl peroxide are particularly preferred.
• the radical generator and the compound (a) can be introduced in any manner provided that they are introduced from continuously in time and that they are well dispersed in the melt.
• the radical generator and the compound (a) can be introduced by spraying, for example by means of a spray-type injector or a vaporizer or by injection into the melt.
• the introduction of the radical generator and compound (a) via a masterbatch with the fluoropolymer (A) powder or via a masterbatch with a load can also be considered.
• the compound (a) is introduced before the radical generator.
• melt reaction is meant for the purpose of the present invention any reaction in the substantial absence of solvent or diluent and a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the fluoropolymer (A).
• extruder any continuous device comprising at least one feed zone and, at its outlet, an evacuation zone preceded by a compression zone, the latter forcing the melt to pass through the zone d 'evacuation.
• the evacuation zone may further be followed by a granulation device or a device giving the extruded material its final shape.
• it uses known extruders based on the work of a screw or two screws, which, in the latter case, can cooperate in co- or counter-rotating mode (same direction of rotation or opposite direction of rotation) ).
• the extruder used according to the present invention is arranged in such a way that it successively comprises a feed zone, a melting zone of the material, a homogenization zone, a reaction zone, optionally a zone introduction of additives and a compression-evacuation zone preceded by a degassing zone.
• a feed zone a melting zone of the material
• a homogenization zone a reaction zone
• a zone introduction of additives optionally a zone introduction of additives and a compression-evacuation zone preceded by a degassing zone.
• a degassing zone arranged in such a way that it successively comprises a feed zone, a melting zone of the material, a homogenization zone, a reaction zone, optionally a zone introduction of additives and a compression-evacuation zone preceded by a degassing zone.
• Each of these zones has a very specific function and is at a very specific temperature.
• the function of the feeding zone is to supply the fluoropolymer (A). It is usually at a temperature less than or equal to 50 ° C.
• the function of the melting zone of the material is to ensure the melting of the material.
• the function of the homogenization zone is to homogenize the melt.
• the reaction zone serves to ensure the reaction.
• the temperature in the melting zone and in the homogenization zone of the material is usually greater than or equal to the melting temperature of the fluorinated polymer (A).
• the temperature in the reaction zone is usually greater than or equal to the temperature at which the half-life of the radical generator is less than the residence time of the material in that zone.
• the additive introduction zone has the function of ensuring the introduction of additives when they are added to the extruder.
• the temperature of this zone is generally a function of the viscosity of the material and the nature of the added additives.
• the compression-evacuation zone has the function of compressing the material and ensuring the evacuation thereof.
• the temperature in the compression-evacuation zone is generally a function of the viscosity of the material to be evacuated.
• the compound (a) is preferably introduced into the extruder before the homogenization zone.
• the radical generator is preferably introduced into the reaction zone of the extruder.
• the amount of compound (a) grafted onto the fluoropolymer (A), expressed as the amount of compound (a), is advantageously greater than 0.01% by weight, based on the weight of fluoropolymer. (A), preferably 0.05% by weight or, more preferably, 0.1% by weight. In addition, this amount is advantageously less than or equal to 5.0% by weight, preferably 3.0% and more preferably 2.0% by weight.
• the assay is usually performed chemically (titration).
• polyolefin is intended to denote a polymer of which more than 50% by weight of the repeating units, preferably more than 70% by weight of the repeating units, more particularly more than 90% by weight of the Recurring units are derived from at least one linear olefin.
• linear olefins By way of examples of linear olefins, mention may be made of linear alpha-monoolefins containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene and 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene and 1-dodecene.
• the polyolefin (B) may be selected in particular from the homopolymers of the aforementioned olefins and from the copolymers of these olefins, in particular copolymers of propylene with one or more comonomers, as well as from mixtures of such polymers.
• the comonomers may be chosen in particular from the linear olefins described above, from styrene monomers such as styrene and alpha-methylstyrene and from alkadienes; however, the polyolefin (B) is preferably free of repeating units derived from an alkadiene.
• the weight content in units formed from the comonomers in the polyolefins is advantageously less than 30% and preferably 10% by weight.
• the polyolefin (B) is preferably free of repeating units derived from a functional monomer (f3), such as those contained in the olefinic copolymer (C); when the polyolefin (B) nevertheless contains such repeating units, their amount usually represents at most 4% by weight, and save at most 2% by weight, of all the repeating units of the polyolefin (B).
• polyolefin is intended as well to denote the polymers as described above in isolation as their mixtures.
• a polyolefin (B) selected from homo- and copolymers derived from ethylene and propylene, especially crystalline polymers derived from propylene and copolymers of propylene containing less than 10% by weight and preferably less than 5% by weight of ethylene.
• the polyolefin (B) is grafted with at least one compound (b) containing at least one functional group (f2) chosen from acidic and anhydride groups.
• the functional group (f2) and the compound (b) corresponding thereto generally correspond to the same definitions and limitations as those applicable respectively to the groups (fl.l) and (f 1.2) and to the compound (a) corresponding thereto, mentioned above.
• the functional group (f2) is therefore contained in the compound (b), which is usually chosen from unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids, and unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid anhydrides such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, cro tonic acid, citraconic acid, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene-5,6 dicarboxylic acid, l maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, crotonic anhydride and citraconic anhydride.
• Maleic anhydride is particularly preferred.
• the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) is not neutralized; the functional group (f2) is then chosen from acidic and anhydride groups (as such).
• polyolefin (B) a polyolefin according to the present variant.
• the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) is neutralized, in whole or in part, by at least one neutralizing agent.
• the neutralizing agent may be a hydroxide (such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example sodium hydroxide), an inorganic salt, an organic salt or a mixture of an organic salt and an inorganic salt.
• the inorganic salt is preferably an alkali metal carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate or monohydrogenphosphate. Sodium carbonate is particularly preferred.
• the organic salt is preferably a carboxylate or a mono- or polyhydroxycarboxylate of a metal, which may be in particular an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal of the IHa family of the periodic table of the elements or a transition metal.
• the organic salt is a carboxylate of a transition metal or an alkali metal mono- or polyhydroxycarboxylate.
• the organic salt is selected from sodium lactate and zinc acetate.
• the neutralizing agent is used in an amount preferably greater than 0.5 molar equivalent relative to the number of acidic groups and / or anhydrides present in the compound (b). Moreover, the neutralizing agent is used in an amount preferably of less than 3 eq.mol.
• the content of compound (b) grafted is less than or equal to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin (B), more particularly less than or equal to 2% by weight.
• the content of compound (b) graft is generally greater than 0.01% by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin (B), preferably greater than 0.03% by weight or, more preferably, 0, 1% by weight.
• the polymeric compositions according to the invention comprise at least one olefinic copolymer (C).
• the olefinic copolymer (C) is usually a different polymer from the polyolefin (B).
• olefinic copolymer is intended to denote a copolymer (ie a polymer whose repeating units are derived from at least two different monomers), of which more 50% by weight of the recurring units are derived from at least one linear olefin.
• the olefinic copolymer (C) contains at least 60% by weight of repeating units derived from at least one linear olefin, more particularly at least 75% by weight.
• the linear olefin is generally chosen from linear alpha-monoolefins containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and 1-heptene. 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene and 1-dodecene.
• the linear olefin is ethylene.
• At least 5% by weight of the repeating units of the olefinic copolymer (C) are derived from at least one functional monomer (f3) capable of reacting with the functional group (f1) contained in the compound (a).
• the olefinic copolymer (C) contains at least 8% by weight of repeating units derived from the functional monomer (O), more particularly at least 10% by weight.
• the olefinic copolymer (C) generally contains not more than 40% by weight of repeating units derived from the functional monomer (f3), preferably not more than 25% by weight.
• the functional monomer (f3) although usually different from the compound (a) defined above, may nevertheless belong to the same families as this one, it being understood however that it must be copolymerizable with the linear olefin from which recurring units of the olefinic copolymer (C) on the one hand and it must be able to react with the group (fl) contained in the compound (a) on the other hand.
• the functional monomer (f3) is preferably chosen from: (0.1) functional monomers containing at least one organic group having at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated terminal carbon-carbon double bond and at least one group acid, such as unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids, such as, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, cro tonic acid, citraconic acid; and bicyclo- [2.2.1] hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid.
• acrylic and methacrylic acids are particularly preferred.
• the acid group (s) present in the functional monomers (f3.1) are sometimes unneutralized; the functional monomer (f3) is then chosen from functional monomers containing at least one group organic compound having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond and at least one acid group (as is).
• the acid group or groups present in the functional monomers (Ol) are neutralized, in whole or in part, by at least one neutralizing agent, in particular when the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) is not neutralized.
• the functional monomer (O.l) neutralizing agent may be a hydroxide, an inorganic salt, an organic salt, a mixture of two of these compounds, or a mixture of all three.
• the inorganic salt may be an alkali metal carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate or monohydrogenphosphate. Sodium carbonate is preferred.
• the organic salt may be a carboxylate or a mono- or polyhydroxycarboxylate of a metal, which may be in particular an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal of the IHa family of the pre-basic array of elements or a transition metal.
• a metal which may be in particular an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal of the IHa family of the pre-basic array of elements or a transition metal.
• the organic salt is chosen from sodium lactate and zinc acetate.
• the neutralizing agent of the functional monomers (O.l) is preferably a hydroxide, particularly preferably an alkali metal hydroxide and most preferably sodium hydroxide.
• the neutralizing agent of the functional monomers (O.l) is used in an amount preferably greater than 0.5 molar equivalent relative to the number of acid groups present in the functional monomers (O.l). Moreover, the neutralizing agent is used in an amount preferably of less than 3 eq.mol. in relation to the number of these groups;
• (0.2) functional monomers containing at least one organic group having at least one terminal ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond and at least one ester group such as, for example, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, maleate monomethyl, dimethyl maleate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, amyl acrylate , hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, methacrylate, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl itaconate and diethyl citraconate; from functional monomers (0.2), acrylate and methyl methacrylate are
• the functional monomer (O) derived from repeating units of the olefinic copolymer (C) is preferably capable of reacting and / or developing ionic interactions (for example, interactions between an oxygen atom and an atom of a metal alkali, such as sodium) and / or to form bonds by hydrogen bond with the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) grafted on the polyolefin (B).
• ionic interactions for example, interactions between an oxygen atom and an atom of a metal alkali, such as sodium
• the functional monomer (O) derived from repeating units of the olefinic copolymer (C) is particularly preferably capable of reacting and / or developing ionic interactions with the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) grafted onto the polyolefin (B).
• the functional monomer (O) derived from repeating units of the olefinic copolymer (C) is very particularly preferably capable of developing ionic interactions with the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) grafted onto the polyolefin (B). .
• the functional monomers (Ol), neutralized in whole or in part by at least one neutralizing agent, are examples of functional monomers (O) capable of interacting ionically with the functional group (f2) contained in the compound (b) grafted on the polyolefin (B).
• the olefinic copolymer (C) may contain repeating units derived from functional monomers (O) belonging to at least two different families.
• the olefinic copolymer (C) may contain repeating units derived from at least two functional monomers (O), at least one functional monomer (O) being chosen from functional monomers (Ol), optionally neutralized, in whole or in part, by at least one agent neutralizing agent, and at least one other functional monomer (f3) being chosen from functional monomers (0.2). It may then be, for example, mixtures of at least one functional monomer chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate, with at least one functional monomer chosen from acrylates. and methacrylates of methyl, n-butyl and isobutyl.
• the olefinic copolymer (C) contained in the compositions according to the invention is furthermore grafted with a compound chosen from the families to which the compound (a) or the compound (b) described above belongs.
• the olefinic copolymer (C) is usually free of grafted compounds selected from the families to which the compounds (b) described above belong, and, very often, the olefinic copolymer (C) is free of any grafted compound.
• Particularly preferred olefinic copolymers (C) are copolymers of which from 95 to 85% by weight of the repeating units are derived from ethylene and from 5 to 15% by weight of the repeating units are derived from methacrylic acid whose acid functions are neutralized in whole or in part by the sodium ion.
• the respective proportions in which the fluoropolymer (A), in its grafted form, and the polyolefin (B), in its grafted form, are present in the compositions according to the invention may vary to a large extent, depending in particular on the respective contents of compound (a) and compound (b) grafted onto said fluoropolymer and said polyolefin.
• these proportions are such that the ratio by weight of the fluoropolymer (A) to the polyolefin (B) [(A): (B)] is between 95: 5 and 5: 95.
• the ratio [ (A): (B)] is from 60:40 to 40:60. The best results have been obtained when the ratio [(A): (B)] is close to 55:45.
• the olefinic copolymer (C) is, by its chemical nature, capable of serving as a kind of "Compatible interface” or "binder” to the fluoropolymer (A) and the polyolefin (B). Under these conditions, the amount of olefinic copolymer (C) present in the polymer compositions according to the invention can be significantly lower than that of the fluoropolymer (A) and the polyolefin (B).
• the olefin cocopolymer (C) is present in the polymer compositions according to the invention in a proportion of 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the latter, preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.5% by weight.
• mode (I) a part of the amount of functional monomer (f3) [from which recurring units of the olefinic copolymer (C)] has reacted with a portion of the amount of functional group (f 1) contained in the compound (a) grafted on the fluoropolymer (A)], thereby chemically bonding olefinic copolymer (C) to fluorinated polymer (A).
• a part of the amount of functional monomer (f3) [from which recurring units of the olefinic copolymer (C)] have reacted and / or has developed ionic interactions (e.g.
• part of the amount of functional group (fl) [contained in the compound (a) grafted on the fluoropolymer (A)] and part of the functional grouping amount ( f2) [contained in the compound (b) grafted onto the polyolefin (B)] remain in the unreacted state, and are therefore usually capable of imparting adhesion properties to the fluorinated polymer (A) and to the polyolefin (B); particularly preferably, part of the amount of functional group (f1), part of the amount of functional group (f2) and part of the amount of functional monomer (f3) [from which repeat units of the olefinic copolymer ( C)] remain in the unreacted state, and are therefore usually capable of conferring properties adhesively to the fluoropolymer (A), polyolefin (B) and olefinic copolymer (C), respectively.
• the polymeric compositions according to the invention may furthermore comprise one or more usual additives for thermoplastic polymers, such as, for example, acid scavengers, lubricating agents, organic or inorganic dyes, nucleating agents, filler materials, stabilizing agents and flame retardants.
• additives for thermoplastic polymers such as, for example, acid scavengers, lubricating agents, organic or inorganic dyes, nucleating agents, filler materials, stabilizing agents and flame retardants.
• the polymeric compositions according to the invention can be prepared by any known method.
• a method for producing the compositions as described above wherein the melt is mixed with fluorinated polymer (A), polyolefin (B) and olefinic copolymer (C).
• the melt is mixed with fluorinated polymer (A), polyolefin (B) and olefinic copolymer (C).
• the constituents (A), (B) and (C) can first be premixed dry, in the required proportions, in any device suitable for this purpose, such as a drum mixer.
• the dry premix thus obtained is then melted either batchwise, in discontinuous devices, such as kneaders, or in continuous devices, such as the extruders described above in connection with the grafting of the compound (a) on the polymer. fluorinated (A). It is also possible to carry out the premixing intended to be melted by the masterbatch technique.
• the mixers or extruders can still be fed with the constituents (A), (B) and (C) metered separately without dry premix.
• the mixing of these constituents is carried out or continued in any suitable device for this purpose.
• the same discontinuous devices (kneaders, for example) or continuous devices (extruders, for example) as those previously used for the melting operation are used for this purpose.
• the constituents (A), (B) and (C) are preferably reacted en masse. melted in these same devices.
• the temperatures of the melting, homogenization and reaction zones are generally set between 140 and 270 ° C., preferably between 170 and 240 ° C.
• the pressure in the die is generally less than 200 bar, preferably 100 bar, and more preferably still 50 bar;
• the speed of rotation of the screw or screws is generally between 50 and 2000 revolutions per minute, preferably between 200 and 1000 revolutions per minute.
• multilayer structures which constitute another object of the present invention.
• These are multilayer structures, one of whose layers consists of the polymeric composition with adhesive properties.
• These structures contain at least one other layer that can be made of various materials, both inorganic and organic.
• inorganic materials that may be included in the composition of this other layer mention may be made of metals and metal alloys, such as aluminum and steel, for example.
• organic materials that may be included in the composition of this other layer mention may be made of thermoplastic polymers.
• thermoplastic polymers which may be included in the composition of this other layer are the fluorine-containing polymers belonging to the family of fluorinated polymers (A) and the polymers containing olefins of the same nature as those present in the olefinic polymer (B).
• multilayer structures which constitute another object of the present invention.
• These are multilayer structures, one of whose layers consists of the polymeric composition with adhesive properties.
• These structures contain at least one other layer which may consist of various materials, both inorganic and organic.
• inorganic materials that may be included in the composition of this other layer mention may be made of metals and metal alloys, such as aluminum and steel, for example.
• organic materials that may be included in the composition of this other layer mention may be made of thermoplastic polymers.
• thermoplastic polymers which may be included in the composition of this other layer are fluoropolymers as defined by the fluorinated polymer (A) and polyolefins as defined by the polyolefin (B), except that the polymers involved are usually not grafted.
• Particular multilayer structures according to this aspect of the present invention are three-layer structures X / Y / Z configuration whose central layer Y consists of the polymer composition with adhesive properties according to the invention and whose X and Y layers consist of a thermoplastic polymer as defined above.
• Preferred multilayer structures are three-layer structures with X / Y / Z configuration, the central layer Y of which consists of the polymer composition with adhesive properties according to the invention, the layer X consisting of a polymer (usually ungrafted) based on of olefin (s) of the same nature as that (s) present in the polyolefin (B) and the Y layer consists of a polymer (usually ungrafted) based on fluorinated monomer (s) (s) ) of the same nature as that (s) present (s) in the fluoropolymer (A).
• multilayer structures can be produced by any method known for this purpose and compatible with the nature of the constituent material of each layer.
• the assembling of the layers can be done for example by gluing or by hot pressing the constituent layers together, by coating a solid layer with a powder or a solution of the material constituting the one or the other ( s) layer (s); or again, in particular in the case where the materials constituting the layers are thermoplastic polymers, by coextrusion, coextrusion-blow, coinjection and coinjection-molding.
• Coextrusion is particularly suitable for the production of X / Y / Z configuration multilayer structures whose central layer Y consists of the polymer composition with adhesive properties according to the invention
• the X layer consists of a polyolefin (usually ungrafted). ) of the same nature as that (s) present in the polyolefin (B), in particular a homo- or copolymer derived from ethylene and / or propylene
• the layer Z consists of a fluorinated polymer (usually ungrafted) of the same nature as that (s) present (s) in the fluoropolymer (A), in particular a homo- or copolymer derived from vinylidene fluoride.
• This coextrusion can be carried out for example in three extruders, preferably three single-screw extruders, feeding a flat die via a feed-block or, preferably, supplying three-layer tubular dies.
• the multilayer structures thus produced can be manufactured in the final form of sheets and films.
• the multilayer structures thus produced can also be manufactured in the final form of hollow bodies, in particular tanks, bottles, containers, tubes and pipes.
• the layer X then preferably constitutes the outer (convex) layer of the hollow bodies, whereas the layer Z then constitutes the inner (concave) layer of the hollow bodies.
• Hollow bodies, in particular tubes, pipes and tanks, are advantageously used for the transport and / or storage of liquid hydrocarbons, in particular oils and fuels.
• Example 1 In a mixer type Brabender Plasticorder PL 2000 rotating to
• a polymeric composition was prepared by mixing together at a temperature of 190 ° C.:
• Bridge which is a copolymer containing about 90% by weight of ethylene and about 10% by weight of methacrylic acid whose carboxylic groups have been neutralized in whole or in part in the form of sodium ions and whose index of flow MFI 2 i6k g, 230 ° C (ASTM 1238) of 4.13 g / 10min.
• Component (A) represents 54.5% by weight of the mixture, component (B) 44.5% by weight and component (C) 1% by weight.
• a three-layer film was then prepared by coextrusion, the core layer component of which was the polymeric composition prepared from the above mixture.
• the constituents of the outer layers were respectively: for the lower layer, the fluoropolymer mentioned under (A) above, but not grafted;
• Sheath temperature ( 0 C) (*) 175-210-210 Pressure (bar) 88.4 Speed (rpm) 30
• Sheath temperature ( 0 C) (*) 210-210-210-220-220 Pressure (bar) 72 Speed (rpm) 25
• Example 1 is repeated in all respects except that the random copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene component (A) of the mixture was grafted 10 g / kg of 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol.
• the operating conditions of the coextrusion are mentioned in Table 2 below.
• Sheath temperature ( 0 C) (*) 210-230-240 Pressure (bar) 35 Material temperature 206 Speed (rpm) 20
• Sheath temperature ( 0 C) (*) 210-210-210-220-220 Pressure (bar) 50 Speed (rpm) 15
• This example is provided for comparison.
• Example 1 is reproduced except that the three-component mixture (A), (B), (C) is replaced by the single constituent (A) for the production of the central layer of the coextruded film.
• the operating conditions of the coextrusion and calendering are those of Example 2. There is no adhesion between the constituent layers of the film.
• Example 4R
• This example is provided for comparison.
• Example 1 is reproduced except that the three-component mixture (A), (B), (C) is replaced by a propylene copolymer grafted with methyl methacrylate for the production of the central layer of the coextruded film. .
• the operating conditions of the calendering are those mentioned in Examples 1 and 2.

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