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EP2033251A1 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system

Info

Publication number
EP2033251A1
EP2033251A1 EP06828484A EP06828484A EP2033251A1 EP 2033251 A1 EP2033251 A1 EP 2033251A1 EP 06828484 A EP06828484 A EP 06828484A EP 06828484 A EP06828484 A EP 06828484A EP 2033251 A1 EP2033251 A1 EP 2033251A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
exhaust gas
afterburner
cathode
cell system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06828484A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Matthias Boltze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enerday GmbH
Original Assignee
Enerday GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enerday GmbH filed Critical Enerday GmbH
Publication of EP2033251A1 publication Critical patent/EP2033251A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1695—Adjusting the feed of the combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the fuel cell system The fuel cell system
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell, the anode-side hydrogen-containing gas and the cathode side oxidant can be supplied to be implemented in the fuel cell to anode exhaust and cathode exhaust gas; an afterburner, to which the anode exhaust gas can be supplied; and a heat exchanger to which the
  • Exhaust gases of the afterburner can be supplied, and by means of which the fuel cell can be heated on the cathode side can be fed oxidizing agent.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell system.
  • Fuel cell systems are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • the key element in such systems is a fuel cell in which electrical energy is released by the controlled conversion of hydrogen and oxygen. Since hydrogen and oxygen are converted in a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack, the fuel used must be prepared so that the anode of the
  • Fuel supplied gas has the highest possible proportion of hydrogen - this is the task of the reformer.
  • the hydrogen-rich gas supplied to the fuel cell on the anode side is discharged as an anode exhaust gas at the anode-side output, and the oxidant supplied on the cathode side is output analogously at the cathode-side output as cathode exhaust gas.
  • Fuel cell systems use for the combustion of the anode exhaust gases of the fuel cell in general my an afterburner, which either has its own air supply or uses the cathode exhaust gases of the fuel cell for combustion.
  • the latter principle has the advantage that heat energy present in the cathode exhaust gas can be recovered (recuperated) via a heat exchanger arranged generally after the afterburner. This eliminates the need for an additional recuperator in the cathode exhaust gas line.
  • Such a fuel cell system is disclosed, for example, in DE 101 42 578 A1.
  • a disadvantage of this prior art, however, is that in the
  • Object of the present invention is to develop the generic fuel cell system such that a better control of the afterburner while using the heat energy of the cathode exhaust gas can be realized.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention builds on the generic state of the art in that the cathode exhaust gas can be fed via a cathode exhaust gas line to the heat exchanger downstream of the afterburner. This ensures a good controllability of the afterburner with simultaneous recuperation of the heat energy from anode den- and cathode exhaust realized with only one heat exchanger.
  • the heat energy of the anode exhaust gas remains in the exhaust gas, which leaves the afterburner, and is used in the afterburner downstream heat exchanger for preheating the cathode feed air.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can be developed such that a valve is provided with which cathode exhaust gas can be wholly or partly branched off between the fuel cell and the heat exchanger.
  • the advantage of a faster start time can be realized. If the cathode exhaust gas were completely fed to the heat exchanger at system start, then it would take longer to sufficiently preheat the cathode feed air. Therefore, with such a valve, the supply of the cathode exhaust gas to the heat exchanger can be controlled, which means in practice that little or no cathode exhaust gas, but only hot Nachbren- ner exhaust gas is supplied to the heat exchanger in the startup phase of the fuel cell system. After the starting phase, when the cathode exhaust gas is hot enough, the cathode exhaust gas can be completely fed to the heat exchanger.
  • valve is disposed outside of an insulation, which thermally insulated at least the fuel cell, the afterburner and the heat exchanger from the environment.
  • This design has the advantage that the valve, because it is located outside the insulation, is thermally relieved, whereby standard valves (EGR) can be used.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can be designed such that a temperature sensor is provided in the cathode exhaust gas line upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in the cathode exhaust gas line upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the inlet temperature of the exhaust gases flowing into the heat exchanger can be controlled by changing the ratio of afterburner exhaust gas to cathode exhaust gas.
  • the measured temperature serves as a reference variable for the control of the valve in the cathode exhaust diversion train.
  • the cathode exhaust gas rod is designed as a jacket around the afterburner. This leads to a thermal discharge of the afterburner, since the cathode exhaust gas strands surrounding the afterburner in the form of a shell serves as a cooling jacket for the afterburner and at the same time the waste heat of the afterburner is fed to the heat exchanger for preheating the cathode feed air, whereby the afterburner must supply less heat energy.
  • the afterburner can thus be cooled well, although the heat energy remains in the fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can be designed so that in a Oxidationsstoffzu slaughter glass- strand for supplying oxidant to Nachbrenner a separately controllable conveyor is provided.
  • a separately controllable conveyor is provided.
  • the supply of Oxidati- onsstoff be controlled independently of the cathode air supply. This makes the afterburner easy to control or regulate.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system installed in a motor vehicle comprises a reformer 12 to which fuel is supplied from a fuel tank 16 via a first fuel train 14. Furthermore, fuel is supplied to the reformer 12 by means of a second fuel train 18. Fuel types include diesel, gasoline, biogas and other types of fuel known from the prior art. ge.
  • the oxidizer for example air, is fed to the reformer 12 via a first oxidant stream 22.
  • the reformate produced by the reformer 12 is fed to a fuel cell stack 26 via a reformate train 24.
  • the fuel cell stack 26 only a single fuel cell can be provided.
  • the reformate is a hydrogen-containing gas which is converted in the fuel cell stack 26 by means of cathode feed (an oxidizing agent) conveyed via a cathode feed line 28 to generate electricity and heat.
  • the generated power can be tapped off via electrical connections 30.
  • the anode exhaust gas is supplied via an anode exhaust line 32 to a mixing unit 34 of an afterburner 36.
  • the afterburner 36 is connected via a third fuel line 38
  • Fuel from the fuel tank 16 can be fed. Furthermore, the afterburner 36 can be supplied with oxidant via a second oxidant strand 40. In the fuel strands 14, 18 and 38, in the oxidant strands 22 and 40 and in Kathodenzu Kunststoffstrang 28 are corresponding
  • Conveying devices such as pumps or blowers and / or control valves to be provided for flow control.
  • the conveying device assigned to the oxidizing agent feed line 40 can be regulated separately from the conveying device assigned to the oxidizing agent feed line 22.
  • the combustion exhaust gas which contains almost no pollutants, flows through a heat exchanger 46 for preheating the Kathodenzuluft and finally leaves the fuel cell system via an exhaust outlet 20.
  • the line section between the mixing unit 42 and the heat exchanger 46 is both a part of the cathode exhaust gas strand and a part of the Nachbrennerabgasstrangs.
  • the fuel cell system, in particular the reformer 12, the fuel cell stack 26, the afterburner 36 and the heat exchanger 46 are surrounded by a thermal insulation 10, which thermally isolates these components from the environment.
  • an electronic control unit not shown, is provided, which controls or regulates the feed devices provided in the fuel and oxidant supply lines 14, 18, 22, 38 and 40.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment. To avoid repetition, only the differences from the first embodiment are explained in the context of the second embodiment.
  • An effect of the admixing of cathode exhaust gas via the mixing unit 42 explained in the first exemplary embodiment may be an extension of the system start time due to the cathode exhaust gas that is still cold at startup, which is not hot enough to sufficiently preheat the cathode feed via the heat exchanger 46. Therefore branches off as an advantageous development in the second embodiment between the fuel cell stack 26 and the mixing unit 42, a cathode exhaust diversion strand 48 from Kathodenabgasstrang 44, which opens at the other end downstream of the heat exchanger 46 into the exhaust gas outlet 20.
  • the cathode exhaust gas line 48 is provided with a valve 50, such as a throttle valve. With this valve 50, the amount of cathode exhaust gas supplied to the mixing unit 42 can be controlled. Except- to the upstream of the heat exchanger 46, a temperature sensor 52 is arranged. More specifically, it may be disposed in the cathode exhaust strand 44 upstream of the branch of the cathode exhaust bypass strand 48 to detect the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas. Alternatively, the temperature sensor 52 may be disposed between the mixing unit 42 and the heat exchanger 46 to detect the inlet temperature of the exhaust gases leading into the heat exchanger 46. Via the evaluation of this temperature sensor, an electronic control unit 54 can control the valve 50 accordingly.
  • the valve 50 When the system is started, the valve 50 is opened so far that a large part of the cathode exhaust gas is passed over the Kathodenabgasumlei- strand 48 on the heat exchanger 46.
  • the heat exchanger 46 only or mostly Nach- burner exhaust gases of high temperature for a quick system start, ie a rapid preheating of the cathode feed in Kathodenzu Kunststoffstrang 28, respectively. If the system has reached a certain operating temperature, so that the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas increases, the valve 50 is always closed, so that the mixing unit 42 and thus the heat exchanger 46 more cathode exhaust gas is supplied, whereby the Rekuperations bin can be achieved. In this control of the valve 50, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 52 serves as a reference variable.
  • the valve 50 is preferably arranged outside the thermal insulation 10.
  • standard components can be used in the manner of EGR valves from the exhaust technology of automobiles.
  • the cathode exhaust gas stream 44 is preferably designed as a jacket around the afterburner 36 around.
  • the cathode exhaust gas stream 44 may extend as a spiral tube around the afterburner 36.
  • the cathode exhaust line 44 may be double-walled Cover the afterburner 36 surrounded, wherein the cathode exhaust gas can flow in the space of this double-walled shell.
  • the cathode exhaust gas line 44 may be provided with a controllable conveying device by means of which the delivery quantity of cathode exhaust gas can be regulated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell (26), to the anode side of which a gas containing hydrogen and to the cathode side of which an oxidant can be fed in order to be converted into anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas in the fuel cell (26); an afterburner (36), to which the anode exhaust gas can be fed; and a heat exchanger (46), to which the exhaust gases of the afterburner (36) can be fed and with which the oxidant that is fed to the cathode side of the fuel cell (26) can be pre-heated. According to the invention, the cathode exhaust gas can be fed to the heat exchanger (46) upstream of the afterburner (36) via a cathode exhaust gas leg (44). The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a fuel cell system of this type.

Description

BrennstoffzellensystemThe fuel cell system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem, umfassend eine Brennstoffzelle, der anodenseitig Wasserstoffhaltiges Gas und kathodenseitig Oxidationsmittel zuführbar ist, um in der Brennstoffzelle zu Anodenabgas und Kathodenabgas umgesetzt zu werden; einen Nachbrenner, dem das Ano- denabgas zuführbar ist; und einen Wärmetauscher, dem dieThe invention relates to a fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell, the anode-side hydrogen-containing gas and the cathode side oxidant can be supplied to be implemented in the fuel cell to anode exhaust and cathode exhaust gas; an afterburner, to which the anode exhaust gas can be supplied; and a heat exchanger to which the
Abgase des Nachbrenners zuführbar sind, und mittels dem das der Brennstoffzelle kathodenseitig zuführbare Oxidationsmittel vorwärmbar ist.Exhaust gases of the afterburner can be supplied, and by means of which the fuel cell can be heated on the cathode side can be fed oxidizing agent.
Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Kraftfahrzeug mit solch einem Brennstoffzellensystem.Moreover, the invention relates to a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell system.
Brennstoffzellensysteme dienen der Umwandlung von chemischer Energie in elektrische Energie. Das zentrale Element bei derartigen Systemen ist eine Brennstoffzelle, bei der durch die kontrollierte Umsetzung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff elektrische Energie freigesetzt wird. Da in einer Brennstoffzelle bzw. einem Brennstoffzellenstapel Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff umgesetzt werden, muss der verwendete Brennstoff so aufbereitet werden, dass das der Anode derFuel cell systems are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The key element in such systems is a fuel cell in which electrical energy is released by the controlled conversion of hydrogen and oxygen. Since hydrogen and oxygen are converted in a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack, the fuel used must be prepared so that the anode of the
Brennstoffzelle zugeführte Gas einen möglichst hohen Anteil an Wasserstoff besitzt - dies ist Aufgabe des Reformers. Das der Brennstoffzelle anodenseitig zugeführte wasserstoffreiche Gas wird am anodenseitigen Ausgang als Anoden- abgas abgegeben, analog wird das kathodenseitig zugeführte Oxidationsmittel am kathodenseitigen Ausgang als Kathodenabgas ausgegeben. Brennstoffzellensysteme nutzen für die Verbrennung der Anodenabgase der Brennstoffzelle im Allge- meinen einen Nachbrenner, der entweder eine eigene Luftversorgung aufweist oder die Kathodenabgase der Brennstoffzelle zur Verbrennung nutzt. Letzteres Prinzip hat den Vorteil, dass im Kathodenabgas vorhandene Wärmeenergie über einen im Allgemeinen nach dem Nachbrenner angeordneten Wärmetauscher zurückgewonnen (rekuperiert) werden kann. Dadurch wird ein zusätzlicher Rekuperator im Kathodenabgas- sträng überflüssig. Ein solches BrennstoffZellensystem ist beispielsweise in der DE 101 42 578 Al offenbart. Nachtei- lig an diesem Stand der Technik ist jedoch, dass bei derFuel supplied gas has the highest possible proportion of hydrogen - this is the task of the reformer. The hydrogen-rich gas supplied to the fuel cell on the anode side is discharged as an anode exhaust gas at the anode-side output, and the oxidant supplied on the cathode side is output analogously at the cathode-side output as cathode exhaust gas. Fuel cell systems use for the combustion of the anode exhaust gases of the fuel cell in general my an afterburner, which either has its own air supply or uses the cathode exhaust gases of the fuel cell for combustion. The latter principle has the advantage that heat energy present in the cathode exhaust gas can be recovered (recuperated) via a heat exchanger arranged generally after the afterburner. This eliminates the need for an additional recuperator in the cathode exhaust gas line. Such a fuel cell system is disclosed, for example, in DE 101 42 578 A1. A disadvantage of this prior art, however, is that in the
Nutzung der Kathodenabgase zur Verbrennung der Anodenabgase eine Nachbrennerregelung schwer bzw. nicht realisierbar ist, da immer eine feste Zuordnung von Kathodenabgasmenge zur Anodenabgasmenge besteht.Utilization of the cathode exhaust gases for combustion of the anode exhaust gases an afterburner control is difficult or impossible, since there is always a fixed assignment of cathode exhaust gas quantity to the anode exhaust gas amount.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, das gattungsgemäße BrennstoffZeilensystem derart weiterzubilden, dass eine bessere Steuerung des Nachbrenners bei gleichzeitiger Nutzung der Wärmeenergie des Kathodenabgases realisiert werden kann.Object of the present invention is to develop the generic fuel cell system such that a better control of the afterburner while using the heat energy of the cathode exhaust gas can be realized.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße BrennstoffZellensystem baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik dadurch auf, dass das Ka- thodenabgas über einen Kathodenabgasstrang dem Wärmetauscher stromabwärts des Nachbrenners zuführbar ist. Dadurch wird eine gute Steuer- bzw. Regelbarkeit des Nachbrenners bei gleichzeitiger Rekuperation der Wärmeenergie aus Ano- den- und Kathodenabgas mit nur einem Wärmetauscher realisiert. Die Wärmeenergie des Anodenabgases verbleibt im Abgas, welches den Nachbrenner verlässt, und wird in dem dem Nachbrenner nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher zur Vorwärmung der Kathodenzuluft genutzt. Durch Vorbeileiten des Kathodenabgases am Nachbrenner ist die Möglichkeit geschaffen, den Nachbrenner separat mit Oxidationsmittel zu versorgen und trotzdem die Wärmeenergie des Kathodenabgases zur Vorwärmung der Kathodenzuluft zu nutzen. Durch die Möglichkeit der separaten Versorgung des Nachbrenners mit Oxidationsmittel wird in vorteilhafterweise die Kopplung von Kathodenluftzufuhr und Kathodenabgas aufgebrochen. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Aufbaus ist, dass durch die Nutzung der Wärmeenergie des Anoden- und des Kathodenabgases der Nachbren- ner thermisch entlastet wird.The fuel cell system according to the invention builds on the generic state of the art in that the cathode exhaust gas can be fed via a cathode exhaust gas line to the heat exchanger downstream of the afterburner. This ensures a good controllability of the afterburner with simultaneous recuperation of the heat energy from anode den- and cathode exhaust realized with only one heat exchanger. The heat energy of the anode exhaust gas remains in the exhaust gas, which leaves the afterburner, and is used in the afterburner downstream heat exchanger for preheating the cathode feed air. By passing the cathode exhaust gas past the afterburner, it is possible to supply the afterburner separately with oxidant and still use the heat energy of the cathode exhaust gas to preheat the cathode feed air. Due to the possibility of separate supply of the afterburner with oxidizing agent, the coupling of cathode air supply and cathode exhaust gas is advantageously broken. A further advantage of this design is that the use of the thermal energy of the anode and cathode exhaust gases thermally relieves the afterburner.
Darüber hinaus kann das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellen- system so weitergebildet sein, dass ein Ventil vorgesehen ist, mit dem zwischen der Brennstoffzelle und dem Wärmetau- scher Kathodenabgas ganz oder teilweise abzweigbar ist.In addition, the fuel cell system according to the invention can be developed such that a valve is provided with which cathode exhaust gas can be wholly or partly branched off between the fuel cell and the heat exchanger.
Durch diese Weiterbildung kann der Vorteil einer schnelleren Startzeit realisiert werden. Würde beim Systemstart das Kathodenabgas vollständig dem Wärmetauscher zugeführt werden, dann würde es länger dauern bis die Kathodenzuluft ausreichend vorgewärmt wird. Daher kann mit einem derartigen Ventil die Zufuhr des Kathodenabgases zum Wärmetauscher gesteuert werden, was in der Praxis bedeutet, dass dem Wärmetauscher in der Startphase des Brennstoffzellensystems wenig oder kein Kathodenabgas, sondern nur heißes Nachbren- nerabgas, zugeführt wird. Nach der Startphase, wenn das Kathodenabgas heiß genug ist, kann das Kathodenabgas vollständig dem Wärmetauscher zugeführt werden. Ferner kann diese Weiterbildung so ausgeführt sein, dass das Ventil außerhalb einer Isolation angeordnet ist, welche zumindest die Brennstoffzelle, den Nachbrenner und den Wärmetauscher thermisch von der Umgebung isoliert. Dieser Auf- bau hat den Vorteil, dass das Ventil, da es außerhalb der Isolation angeordnet ist, thermisch entlastet wird, wodurch Standard-Ventile (AGR) verwendet werden können.Through this development, the advantage of a faster start time can be realized. If the cathode exhaust gas were completely fed to the heat exchanger at system start, then it would take longer to sufficiently preheat the cathode feed air. Therefore, with such a valve, the supply of the cathode exhaust gas to the heat exchanger can be controlled, which means in practice that little or no cathode exhaust gas, but only hot Nachbren- ner exhaust gas is supplied to the heat exchanger in the startup phase of the fuel cell system. After the starting phase, when the cathode exhaust gas is hot enough, the cathode exhaust gas can be completely fed to the heat exchanger. Furthermore, this development can be carried out so that the valve is disposed outside of an insulation, which thermally insulated at least the fuel cell, the afterburner and the heat exchanger from the environment. This design has the advantage that the valve, because it is located outside the insulation, is thermally relieved, whereby standard valves (EGR) can be used.
Darüber hinaus kann das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellen- System derart ausgebildet sein, dass im Kathodenabgasstrang stromaufwärts des Wärmetauschers ein Temperatursensor vorgesehen ist. Durch diesen Temperatursensor kann die Eingangstemperatur der in den Wärmetauscher einströmenden Abgase, über die Änderung des Verhältnisses von Nachbrenner- abgas zu Kathodenabgas, gesteuert werden. Ferner dient die gemessene Temperatur als Führungsgröße für die Steuerung des Ventils im Kathodenabgasumleitungsstrang.In addition, the fuel cell system according to the invention can be designed such that a temperature sensor is provided in the cathode exhaust gas line upstream of the heat exchanger. By means of this temperature sensor, the inlet temperature of the exhaust gases flowing into the heat exchanger can be controlled by changing the ratio of afterburner exhaust gas to cathode exhaust gas. Furthermore, the measured temperature serves as a reference variable for the control of the valve in the cathode exhaust diversion train.
Außerdem kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Kathodenabgassträng als Mantel um den Nachbrenner ausgeführt ist. Dies führt zu einer thermischen Entlastung des Nachbrenners, da der den Nachbrenner in Form einer Hülle umgebende Kathodenabgas- sträng als Kühlmantel für den Nachbrenner dient und gleichzeitig die Abwärme des Nachbrenners dem Wärmetauscher zur Vorwärmung der Kathodenzuluft zugeführt wird, wodurch der Nachbrenner weniger Wärmeenergie liefern muss. Der Nachbrenner kann somit gut gekühlt werden, obwohl die Wärmeenergie im BrennstoffZeilensystem verbleibt.In addition, it can be provided that the cathode exhaust gas rod is designed as a jacket around the afterburner. This leads to a thermal discharge of the afterburner, since the cathode exhaust gas strands surrounding the afterburner in the form of a shell serves as a cooling jacket for the afterburner and at the same time the waste heat of the afterburner is fed to the heat exchanger for preheating the cathode feed air, whereby the afterburner must supply less heat energy. The afterburner can thus be cooled well, although the heat energy remains in the fuel cell system.
Ferner kann das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem so ausgebildet sein, dass in einem Oxidationsmittelzuführ- strang zum Zuführen von Oxidationsmittel zum Nachbrenner eine separat steuerbare Fördereinrichtung vorgesehen ist. Durch diese Fördereinrichtung kann die Zufuhr von Oxidati- onsmittel unabhängig von der Kathodenluftzufuhr gesteuert werden. Dadurch ist der Nachbrenner gut Steuer- bzw. regelbar.Furthermore, the fuel cell system according to the invention can be designed so that in a Oxidationsmittelzuführ- strand for supplying oxidant to Nachbrenner a separately controllable conveyor is provided. By this conveyor, the supply of Oxidati- onsmittel be controlled independently of the cathode air supply. This makes the afterburner easy to control or regulate.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug, welches ein solches BrennstoffZeilensystem enthält, können die vorstehend beschriebenen Vorteile in übertragener Weise realisiert werden.With the motor vehicle according to the invention, which contains such a fuel cell system, the advantages described above can be realized in a metaphorical manner.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend mit Bezug auf die begleitenden Zeichnungen beispielhaft erläutert .Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Brennstoff- zellensystems gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel; undFigure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment; and
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment.
Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Das in einem Kraftfahrzeug installierte Brennstoffzellen- system umfasst einen Reformer 12, dem über einen ersten Brennstoffsträng 14 aus einem Brennstofftank 16 Brennstoff zugeführt wird. Ferner wird dem Reformer 12 mittels eines zweiten BrennstoffStrangs 18 Brennstoff zugeführt. Als BrennstoffSorten kommen Diesel, Benzin, Biogas und weitere aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte BrennstoffSorten in Fra- ge . Weiterhin wird dem Reformer 12 über einen ersten Oxida- tionsmittelstrang 22 Oxidationsmittel, beispielsweise Luft, zugeführt . Das von dem Reformer 12 erzeugte Reformat wird über einen Reformatstrang 24 einem Brennstoffzellenstapel 26 zugeführt. Alternativ zum Brennstoffzellenstapel 26 kann auch nur eine einzige Brennstoffzelle vorgesehen sein. Bei dem Reformat handelt es sich um ein wasserstoffhaltiges Gas, das in dem Brennstoffzellenstapel 26 mit Hilfe von ü- ber einen Kathodenzuluftsträng 28 geförderter Kathodenzu- luft (ein Oxidationsmittel) unter Erzeugung von Strom und Wärme umgesetzt wird. Der erzeugte Strom ist über elektrische Anschlüsse 30 abgreifbar. Im dargestellten Fall wird das Anodenabgas über einen Anodenabgasstrang 32 einer Mischeinheit 34 eines Nachbrenners 36 zugeführt. Dem Nach- brenner 36 ist über einen dritten Brennstoffsträng 38FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a first exemplary embodiment. The fuel cell system installed in a motor vehicle comprises a reformer 12 to which fuel is supplied from a fuel tank 16 via a first fuel train 14. Furthermore, fuel is supplied to the reformer 12 by means of a second fuel train 18. Fuel types include diesel, gasoline, biogas and other types of fuel known from the prior art. ge. Furthermore, the oxidizer, for example air, is fed to the reformer 12 via a first oxidant stream 22. The reformate produced by the reformer 12 is fed to a fuel cell stack 26 via a reformate train 24. As an alternative to the fuel cell stack 26, only a single fuel cell can be provided. The reformate is a hydrogen-containing gas which is converted in the fuel cell stack 26 by means of cathode feed (an oxidizing agent) conveyed via a cathode feed line 28 to generate electricity and heat. The generated power can be tapped off via electrical connections 30. In the case shown, the anode exhaust gas is supplied via an anode exhaust line 32 to a mixing unit 34 of an afterburner 36. The afterburner 36 is connected via a third fuel line 38
Brennstoff aus dem Brennstofftank 16 zuführbar. Ferner ist dem Nachbrenner 36 über einen zweiten Oxidationsmit- telstrang 40 Oxidationsmittel zuführbar. In den Brennstoff- strängen 14, 18 und 38, in den Oxidationsmittelsträngen 22 und 40 sowie im Kathodenzuluftstrang 28 sind entsprechendeFuel from the fuel tank 16 can be fed. Furthermore, the afterburner 36 can be supplied with oxidant via a second oxidant strand 40. In the fuel strands 14, 18 and 38, in the oxidant strands 22 and 40 and in Kathodenzuluftstrang 28 are corresponding
Fördereinrichtungen wie beispielsweise Pumpen bzw. Gebläse und/oder Steuerventile zur Durchflussregelung vorgesehen sein. Dabei ist die dem Oxidationsmittelzuführstrang 40 zugeordnete Fördereinrichtung separat von der dem Oxidations- mittelzuführstrang 22 zugeordneten Fördereinrichtung regelbar. In dem Nachbrenner 36 erfolgt eine Umsetzung des abge- reicherten Anodenabgases mit dem geförderten Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu einem Verbrennungsabgas , welches in einer Mischeinheit 42 mit Kathodenabgas vermischt wird, die über einen Kathodenabgassträng 44 von dem Brennstoffzellenstapel 26 zu der Mischeinheit 42 gefördert wird. Das Verbrennungsabgas, welches nahezu keine Schadstoffe enthält, durchströmt einen Wärmetauscher 46 zum Vorwärmen der Kathodenzuluft und verlässt schließlich das Brennstoffzel- lensystem über einen Abgasauslass 20. Der Leitungsabschnitt zwischen der Mischeinheit 42 und dem Wärmetauscher 46 ist zugleich ein Teil des KathodenabgasStrangs als auch ein Teil des Nachbrennerabgasstrangs . Das Brennstoffzellensys- tem, insbesondere der Reformer 12, der Brennstoffzellensta- pel 26, der Nachbrenner 36 und der Wärmetauscher 46 sind mit einer thermischen Isolation 10 umgeben, welche diese Komponenten thermisch von der Umgebung isoliert. Ferner ist eine nicht dargestellte elektronische Steuereinheit vorgesehen, welche die in den Brennstoff- und Oxidationsmittel- zuführsträngen 14, 18, 22, 38 und 40 vorgesehenen Fördereinrichtungen ansteuert bzw. regelt.Conveying devices such as pumps or blowers and / or control valves to be provided for flow control. In this case, the conveying device assigned to the oxidizing agent feed line 40 can be regulated separately from the conveying device assigned to the oxidizing agent feed line 22. In the afterburner 36, a conversion of the ablated anode exhaust gas with the delivered fuel and oxidizing agent to a combustion exhaust gas, which is mixed in a mixing unit 42 with cathode exhaust gas, which is conveyed via a cathode exhaust gas 44 from the fuel cell stack 26 to the mixing unit 42. The combustion exhaust gas, which contains almost no pollutants, flows through a heat exchanger 46 for preheating the Kathodenzuluft and finally leaves the fuel cell system via an exhaust outlet 20. The line section between the mixing unit 42 and the heat exchanger 46 is both a part of the cathode exhaust gas strand and a part of the Nachbrennerabgasstrangs. The fuel cell system, in particular the reformer 12, the fuel cell stack 26, the afterburner 36 and the heat exchanger 46 are surrounded by a thermal insulation 10, which thermally isolates these components from the environment. Furthermore, an electronic control unit, not shown, is provided, which controls or regulates the feed devices provided in the fuel and oxidant supply lines 14, 18, 22, 38 and 40.
Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen werden im Rahmen des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels nur die Unterschiede zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert. Ein Effekt der im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel erläuterten Beimischung von Kathodenabgas über die Mischeinheit 42 ist unter Umständen eine Verlängerung der Systemstartzeit durch das beim Start zunächst noch kalte Kathodenabgas, welches nicht heiß genug ist, um die Kathodenzuluft über den Wärmetauscher 46 ausreichend vorzuwärmen. Daher zweigt als vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel zwischen dem BrennstoffZellenstapel 26 und der Mischeinheit 42 ein Kathoden- abgasumleitungsstrang 48 vom Kathodenabgasstrang 44 ab, der am anderen Ende stromabwärts des Wärmetauschers 46 in den Abgasauslass 20 mündet. Der Kathodenabgasümleitungsstrang 48 ist mit einem Ventil 50, in der Art einer Drosselklappe, versehen. Mit diesem Ventil 50 kann die der Mischeinheit 42 zugeführte Menge an Kathodenabgas gesteuert werden. Außer- dem ist stromaufwärts des Wärmetauschers 46 ein Temperatursensor 52 angeordnet. Genauer kann dieser im Kathodenabgas- Strang 44 stromaufwärts der Abzweigung des Kathodenabgasum- leitungsstrangs 48 angeordnet sein, um die Temperatur des Kathodenabgases zu erfassen. Alternativ kann der Temperatursensor 52 zwischen der Mischeinheit 42 und dem Wärmetauscher 46 angeordnet sein, um die Eintrittstemperatur der in den Wärmetauscher 46 führenden Abgase zu erfassen. Über die Auswertung dieses Temperatursensors kann eine elektronische Steuereinheit 54 das Ventil 50 entsprechend ansteuern. Beim Systemstart wird das Ventil 50 soweit geöffnet, dass ein Großteil der Kathodenabgase über den Kathodenabgasumlei- tungsstrang 48 am Wärmetauscher 46 vorbeigeführt wird. Somit werden dem Wärmetauscher 46 nur oder größtenteils Nach- brennerabgase hoher Temperatur für einen schnellen Systemstart, d.h. eine schnelle Vorwärmung der Kathodenzuluft im Kathodenzuluftstrang 28, zugeführt. Hat das System eine bestimmte Betriebstemperatur erreicht, so dass auch die Temperatur des Kathodenabgases ansteigt, wird das Ventil 50 immer weiter geschlossen, so dass der Mischeinheit 42 und somit dem Wärmetauscher 46 mehr Kathodenabgas zugeführt wird, wodurch der Rekuperationseffekt erzielt werden kann. Bei dieser Steuerung des Ventils 50 dient die vom Temperatursensor 52 erfasste Temperatur als Führungsgröße. Zur thermischen Entlastung ist das Ventil 50 vorzugsweise außerhalb der thermischen Isolation 10 angeordnet. Dadurch können Standardbauteile nach Art von AGR-Ventilen aus der Abgastechnik von Automobilen eingesetzt werden. In der baulichen Ausführung ist der Kathodenabgassträng 44 Vorzugs- weise als Mantel um den Nachbrenner 36 herum ausgeführt. Beispielsweise kann dazu der Kathodenabgassträng 44 als spiralförmiges Rohr um den Nachbrenner 36 verlaufen. Alternativ kann der Kathodenabgasstrang 44 als doppelwandige Hülle den Nachbrenner 36 umgeben, wobei das Kathodenabgas im Zwischenraum dieser doppelwandigen Hülle strömen kann.Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment. To avoid repetition, only the differences from the first embodiment are explained in the context of the second embodiment. An effect of the admixing of cathode exhaust gas via the mixing unit 42 explained in the first exemplary embodiment may be an extension of the system start time due to the cathode exhaust gas that is still cold at startup, which is not hot enough to sufficiently preheat the cathode feed via the heat exchanger 46. Therefore branches off as an advantageous development in the second embodiment between the fuel cell stack 26 and the mixing unit 42, a cathode exhaust diversion strand 48 from Kathodenabgasstrang 44, which opens at the other end downstream of the heat exchanger 46 into the exhaust gas outlet 20. The cathode exhaust gas line 48 is provided with a valve 50, such as a throttle valve. With this valve 50, the amount of cathode exhaust gas supplied to the mixing unit 42 can be controlled. Except- to the upstream of the heat exchanger 46, a temperature sensor 52 is arranged. More specifically, it may be disposed in the cathode exhaust strand 44 upstream of the branch of the cathode exhaust bypass strand 48 to detect the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas. Alternatively, the temperature sensor 52 may be disposed between the mixing unit 42 and the heat exchanger 46 to detect the inlet temperature of the exhaust gases leading into the heat exchanger 46. Via the evaluation of this temperature sensor, an electronic control unit 54 can control the valve 50 accordingly. When the system is started, the valve 50 is opened so far that a large part of the cathode exhaust gas is passed over the Kathodenabgasumlei- strand 48 on the heat exchanger 46. Thus, the heat exchanger 46 only or mostly Nach- burner exhaust gases of high temperature for a quick system start, ie a rapid preheating of the cathode feed in Kathodenzuluftstrang 28, respectively. If the system has reached a certain operating temperature, so that the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas increases, the valve 50 is always closed, so that the mixing unit 42 and thus the heat exchanger 46 more cathode exhaust gas is supplied, whereby the Rekuperationseffekt can be achieved. In this control of the valve 50, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 52 serves as a reference variable. For thermal relief, the valve 50 is preferably arranged outside the thermal insulation 10. As a result, standard components can be used in the manner of EGR valves from the exhaust technology of automobiles. In the structural design of the cathode exhaust gas stream 44 is preferably designed as a jacket around the afterburner 36 around. For example, the cathode exhaust gas stream 44 may extend as a spiral tube around the afterburner 36. Alternatively, the cathode exhaust line 44 may be double-walled Cover the afterburner 36 surrounded, wherein the cathode exhaust gas can flow in the space of this double-walled shell.
In einer weiteren Abwandlung kann der Kathodenabgasstrang 44 mit einer steuerbaren Fördereinrichtung versehen sein, mittels der die Fördermenge an Kathodenabgas regelbar ist.In a further modification, the cathode exhaust gas line 44 may be provided with a controllable conveying device by means of which the delivery quantity of cathode exhaust gas can be regulated.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in den Zeichnungen sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung wesentlich sein.The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential to the realization of the invention both individually and in any combination.
Bezugszeichenliste :List of reference numbers:
10 thermische Isolation10 thermal insulation
12 Reformer12 reformers
14 erster Brennstoffsträng14 first fuel strands
16 Brennstofftank 18 zweiter Brennstoffsträng16 fuel tank 18 second fuel line
20 Abgasauslass20 exhaust outlet
22 erster Oxidationsmittelstrang22 first oxidizer strand
24 Reformatstrang24 Reformat strand
26 Brennstoffzellenstapel 28 Kathodenzuluftstrang26 fuel cell stack 28 Kathodenzuluftstrang
30 elektrische Anschlüsse 32 Anodenabgassträng30 electrical connections 32 anode exhaust gas lines
34 Mischeinheit34 mixing unit
36 Nachbrenner 38 dritter Brennstoffsträng36 afterburner 38 third fuel line
40 zweiter Oxidationsmittelstrang40 second oxidant strand
42 Mischeinheit42 mixing unit
44 Kathodenabgasstrang Wärmetauscher Kathodenabgasumleitungsstrang Ventil Temperatursensor elektronische Steuereinheit 44 cathode exhaust line Heat exchanger cathode exhaust bypass line valve temperature sensor electronic control unit

Claims

ANSPRUCHE
1. Brennstoffzellensystem, umfassend:A fuel cell system comprising:
eine Brennstoffzelle (26) , der anodenseitig wasser- stoffhaltiges Gas und kathodenseitig Oxidationsmittel zuführbar ist, um in der Brennstoffzelle (26) zu Anodenabgas und Kathodenabgas umgesetzt zu werden;a fuel cell (26), the anode-side hydrogen-containing gas and the cathode side oxidant can be fed to be implemented in the fuel cell (26) to anode exhaust and cathode exhaust gas;
einen Nachbrenner (36) , dem das Anodenabgas zuführbar ist,- undan afterburner (36) to which the anode exhaust gas can be fed, - and
einen Wärmetauscher (46) , dem die Abgase des Nachbrenners (36) zuführbar sind, und mittels dem das der Brennstoffzelle (26) kathodenseitig zuführbare Oxidationsmittel vorwärmbar ist,a heat exchanger (46), to which the exhaust gases of the afterburner (36) can be supplied, and by means of which the fuel cell (26) can be pre-heated on the cathode side to supply oxidant,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kathodenabgas über einen Kathodenabgassträng (44) dem Wärmetauscher (46) stromabwärts des Nachbrenners (36) zuführbar ist.characterized in that the cathode exhaust gas via a cathode exhaust gas line (44) to the heat exchanger (46) downstream of the afterburner (36) can be fed.
2. Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Ventil (50) vorgesehen ist, mit dem zwischen der Brennstoffzelle (26) und dem Wärmetauscher (46) Kathodenabgas ganz oder teilweise abzweigbar ist.2. Fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve (50) is provided, with which between the fuel cell (26) and the heat exchanger (46) cathode exhaust gas is wholly or partially branched off.
3. Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventil (50) außerhalb einer Isolation (10) angeordnet ist, welche zumindest die Brennstoffzel- Ie (26) , den Nachbrenner (36) und den Wärmetauscher (46) thermisch von der Umgebung isoliert .3. Fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that the valve (50) is arranged outside an insulation (10), which at least the Brennstoffzel- Ie (26), the afterburner (36) and the heat exchanger (46) thermally isolated from the environment.
4. Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kathodenabgas-4. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cathode exhaust gas
Strang (44) stromaufwärts des Wärmetauschers (46) ein Temperatursensor (52) vorgesehen ist.Strand (44) upstream of the heat exchanger (46), a temperature sensor (52) is provided.
5. Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kathodenabgas- sträng (44) als Mantel um den Nachbrenner (36) ausgeführt ist.5. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cathode exhaust gas sträng (44) is designed as a jacket around the afterburner (36).
6. Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Oxidati- onsmittelzuführstrang (40) zum Zuführen von Oxidationsmit- tel zum Nachbrenner (36) eine separat steuerbare Fördereinrichtung vorgesehen ist.6. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a Oxidati- onsmittelzuführstrang (40) for supplying oxidizing agent to the afterburner (36) is provided a separately controllable conveyor.
7. Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche . 7. Motor vehicle with a fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims.
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DE102006029743A1 (en) 2008-01-03
KR20090005233A (en) 2009-01-12
WO2008000201A1 (en) 2008-01-03
CN101479871A (en) 2009-07-08
US20090155653A1 (en) 2009-06-18
EP2033255A1 (en) 2009-03-11
CA2653418A1 (en) 2008-01-03
EA200870482A1 (en) 2009-04-28
EA200870483A1 (en) 2009-04-28
WO2008000217A1 (en) 2008-01-03
CA2653413A1 (en) 2008-01-03
JP2010512611A (en) 2010-04-22
AU2006345057A1 (en) 2008-01-03
US20090176137A1 (en) 2009-07-09
CN101479874A (en) 2009-07-08
JP2009541952A (en) 2009-11-26
BRPI0712585A2 (en) 2012-10-16
AU2007264246A1 (en) 2008-01-03
BRPI0621742A2 (en) 2011-12-20

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