EP2016144A1 - Pressure-sensitive adhesive with enhanced resistance to water-whitening - Google Patents
Pressure-sensitive adhesive with enhanced resistance to water-whiteningInfo
- Publication number
- EP2016144A1 EP2016144A1 EP07728142A EP07728142A EP2016144A1 EP 2016144 A1 EP2016144 A1 EP 2016144A1 EP 07728142 A EP07728142 A EP 07728142A EP 07728142 A EP07728142 A EP 07728142A EP 2016144 A1 EP2016144 A1 EP 2016144A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monomers
- polymer
- weight
- polymerization
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 vinyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 8
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- JRTMNNRREQDVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium propan-2-one sulfinato sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC(C)=O.[O-]S(=O)OS([O-])=O JRTMNNRREQDVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SBGKURINHGJRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethanesulfinic acid Chemical compound OCS(O)=O SBGKURINHGJRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KPAPHODVWOVUJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran;1h-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1.C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 KPAPHODVWOVUJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWVPFECTOKLOBL-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCO KWVPFECTOKLOBL-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacrylic acid Chemical class OC(=C)C(O)=O FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKFYDINYKVWFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylethynol Chemical compound OC#CS UKFYDINYKVWFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBXUTBMGSKKPFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC=C(C)C(O)=O KBXUTBMGSKKPFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FDENMIUNZYEPDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium [2-[4-(10-methylundecyl)-2-sulfonatooxyphenoxy]phenyl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC(C)CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(Oc2ccccc2OS([O-])(=O)=O)c(OS([O-])(=O)=O)c1 FDENMIUNZYEPDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJSSCAJSFIGKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YJSSCAJSFIGKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSVCAMGKPRPGQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;sulfurous acid Chemical compound CC(C)=O.OS(O)=O VSVCAMGKPRPGQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09J133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09J133/06
- C09J133/066—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09J133/06 containing -OH groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09J133/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization, characterized in that the polymer contains monomers having a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (hereinafter briefly summarizing hydrophilic monomers) and the polymer is obtainable by more than 70% by weight.
- the hydrophilic monomers are supplied only when the polymerization mixture (present in the polymerization vessel mixture of monomers and already formed polymer) already contains more than 50 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
- Self-adhesive articles consist essentially of a carrier and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer applied thereto.
- the carrier is transparent to many applications. When exposed to water, so-called “blushing” often occurs, which means turbidity in the adhesive layer, which is caused by the ingress of water.White blushing worsens the performance properties and, of course, cloudiness affects the optical properties, especially in the case of transparent film labels appearance.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to reduce or avoid the effect of blushing, the other performance properties of the pressure-sensitive adhesive, in particular the adhesion and cohesion should not be impaired thereby, if possible even better.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive contains a polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization.
- the emulsion polymer termed polymer for short, is preferably at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, of so-called main monomers.
- the main monomers are selected from C1-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms, vinylaromatics having up to 20 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinyl ethers having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms Alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two double bonds or mixtures of these monomers. To name a few are z. B.
- (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl radical such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- mixtures of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters are also suitable.
- Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are, for. As vinyl laurate, stearate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate and vinyl acetate.
- Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are vinyltoluene, ⁇ - and p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene and preferably styrene.
- nitriles are acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- the vinyl halides are chloro, fluoro or bromo substituted ethylenically unsaturated compounds, preferably vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
- vinyl ethers there are e.g. Vinyl methyl ether or vinyl isobutyl ether. Vinyl ether is preferably from 1 to 4 C-containing alcohols.
- Suitable hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 C atoms and one or two olefinic double bonds are ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
- Preferred main monomers are the C 1 - to C 10 -alkyl acrylates and -methacrylates, in particular C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl acrylates and -methacrylates and vinylaromatics, in particular styrene and mixtures thereof.
- methyl acrylate methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene and mixtures of these monomers.
- the polymer is at least 40 wt .-%, in particular at least 60 wt .-% and most preferably at least 80 wt .-% of C1-C20, in particular C1-C10 alkyl (meth) acrylates.
- the polymer contains monomers having hydroxyl groups, primary amino groups or mixtures thereof (collectively abbreviated to hydrophilic monomers).
- monomers with hydroxyl groups in particular C 1 -C 10 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, preferably C 2 -C 8 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, particularly preferably C 2 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, for example As hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate called.
- the hydroxyacrylates are preferred over the hydroxymethacrylates.
- monomers having primary amino groups are methacrylamide or acrylamide.
- the hydrophilic monomers are preferably selected from hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylamide or mixtures thereof.
- the hydrophilic monomers are more preferably hydroxy-containing monomers, most preferably the above hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates.
- the polymer preferably contains 0.1 to 15% by weight in total, which contains hydrophilic monomers.
- the polymer contains at least 0.2, particularly preferably at least 0.3,% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers.
- the polymer contains not more than 10% by weight, more preferably not more than 5% by weight, and very preferably not more than 3% by weight, of the hydrophilic monomers.
- the polymer may contain other monomers, for.
- carboxylic acid sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups.
- the content of such monomers having acid groups is especially 0.1 to 5, more preferably 0.2 to 3 wt% in the polymer.
- Phenyloxyethylglycol mono (meth) acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, amino (meth) acrylates such as 2-aminoethyl (meth) acrylate may also be mentioned as further monomers.
- the glass transition temperature of the polymer is preferably -60 to 0 ° C, more preferably -60 to -1O 0 C and most preferably -60 to -2O 0 C.
- the glass transition temperature can be determined by customary methods such as differential thermal analysis or differential scanning calorimetry (see, for example, ASTM 3418/82, so-called "mid-point temperature”).
- emulsion polymerization ethylenically unsaturated compounds (monomers) are polymerized in water using ionic and / or nonionic emulsifiers and / or protective colloids or stabilizers as surface-active compounds for stabilizing the monomer droplets and the polymer particles later formed from the monomers.
- Suitable protective colloids can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular Materials, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pp. 411 to 420.
- Suitable emulsifiers are anionic, cationic as well as nonionic emulsifiers into consideration.
- Emulsifiers whose molecular weight, unlike the protective colloids, are usually below 2000 g / mol, are preferably used as surface-active substances.
- the individual components must be compatible with one another, which can be checked in case of doubt by means of a few preliminary tests.
- Anionic and nonionic emulsifiers are preferably used as surface-active substances. Common accompanying emulsifiers are z.
- ethoxylated fatty alcohols EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl: Cs to C36
- ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl: C 4 - to Cg
- alkali metal salts of dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid and of alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates alkyl radical: Cs to C12
- ethoxylated alkylphenols EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 to Cg
- alkylsulfonic acids alkyl radical: C 12 to Cis
- alkylarylsulfonic acids alkylarylsulfonic acids
- emulsifiers are compounds of the general formula II
- R5 and R6 are hydrogen or C4 to C14 alkyl and are not hydrogen at the same time, and X and Y may be alkali metal ions and / or ammonium ions.
- R5, R6 are linear or branched alkyl radicals having 6 to 18 C atoms or hydrogen and in particular having 6, 12 and 16 C atoms, wherein R5 and R6 are not both simultaneously hydrogen.
- X and Y are preferably sodium, potassium or ammonium ions, with sodium being particularly preferred.
- Particularly advantageous are compounds II in which X and Y are sodium, R5 is a branched alkyl radical having 12 C atoms and R6 is hydrogen or R5. Frequently, technical mixtures are used. Det, which have a proportion of 50 to 90 wt .-% of the monoalkylated product, for example Dowfax 2A1 (trademark of the Dow Chemical Company).
- Suitable emulsifiers can also be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume 14/1, Macromolecular substances, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pages 192 to 208.
- emulsifiers are e.g. Dowfax 2 A1, Emulan NP 50, Dextrol OC 50, Emulsifier 825, Emulsifier 825 S, Emulan OG, Texapon NSO, Nekanil 904 S, Lumiten I-RA, Lumiten E 3065, Disponil FES 77, Lutensol AT 18, Steinapol VSL, Emulphor NPS 25.
- the surfactant is usually used in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
- water-soluble initiators are usually used for the radical polymerization of the monomers.
- Water-soluble initiators for the emulsion polymerization are z.
- ammonium and alkali metal salts of peroxodisulfuric z.
- sodium peroxodisulfate, hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides z.
- red-ox reduction-oxidation
- the redox initiator systems consist of at least one mostly inorganic reducing agent and one inorganic or organic oxidizing agent.
- the oxidation component is z. B. to the above-mentioned initiators for emulsion polymerization.
- the reduction components are, for.
- alkali metal salts of sulfurous acid e.g. Sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, alkali metal salts of Dischwef- ligen acid such as sodium disulfite, bisulfite addition compounds aliphatic aldehydes and ketones such as acetone bisulfite or reducing agents such as hydroxymethanesulfinic acid and salts thereof, or ascorbic acid.
- the red-ox initiator systems can be used with the concomitant use of soluble metal compounds whose metallic component can occur in multiple valence states.
- Usual Red Ox initiator systems are z. As ascorbic acid / iron (II) sulfate / sodium peroxydisulfate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium disulfite, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / Na
- Hydroxymethanesulfinic The individual components, eg. B. the reduction compo- nents, can also be mixtures z. B. a mixture of the sodium salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid and sodium disulfite.
- the compounds mentioned are usually used in the form of aqueous solutions, the lower concentration being determined by the amount of water acceptable in the dispersion and the upper concentration by the solubility of the compound in question in water.
- the concentration is 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1, 0 to 10 wt .-%, based on the solution.
- the amount of initiators is generally 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized. It is also possible to use a plurality of different initiators in the emulsion polymerization.
- regulators can be used. Regulators cause a chain termination reaction and thus reduce the molecular weight of the polymer.
- the regulators are bound to the polymer, generally to the chain end.
- the amount of regulator can z. B. 0 to 4 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.8 parts by weight and most preferably 0.1 to 0.6 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers to be polymerized .
- Suitable regulators are, in particular, compounds having a mercapto group such as tert-butylmercaptan, thioglycolic acid ethylacrylic ester, mercaptoethynol, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or tert-dodecylmercaptan.
- the regulators are generally low molecular weight compounds having a molecular weight of less than 2000, in particular less than 1000 g / mol.
- a subset of the monomers may, if desired, be initially charged in the polymerization vessel at the beginning of the polymerization, the other monomers, or all monomers, if no monomers are introduced, are added in the feed process during the polymerization.
- the polymer can be obtained by adding more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight, of the hydrophilic monomers only when the polymerization mixture (mixture of monomers and already formed polymer present in the polymerization vessel) already contains more than Contains 50 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
- the polymer is particularly preferably obtainable by adding more than 70% by weight, particularly preferably more than 90% by weight, of the hydrophilic monomers only when the polymerization mixture (present in the polymerization vessel) is not added.
- mixture of monomers and already formed polymer) already contains more than 70% by weight of the total amount of the monomers.
- the polymer is very particularly preferably obtainable in that 100% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers are not added until the polymerization mixture (mixture of monomers and already formed polymer present in the polymerization vessel) already contains more than 50% by weight, in particular more than 70% by weight. %, most preferably more than 80 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
- the term "monomer” is intended to include both unpolymerized monomers and monomeric units of the polymer, i. the polymerized monomers understood.
- the polymerization mixture consists at the beginning of the addition of more than 70 wt.% Or more than 90 wt.% Or 100 wt.% Of the hydrophilic monomers to at least 40 wt.%, In particular at least 60 wt.% Of already formed polymer.
- the monomers are added continuously at least partially during the polymerization. In some cases, monomers can also be initially charged in the polymerization vessel before the beginning of the polymerization.
- a maximum of 30% by weight of the total amount of the monomers is initially charged in the polymerization vessel.
- the remaining monomers i. preferably at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 90% by weight are continuously added during the polymerization.
- no monomers are initially charged, i. H. the total amount of monomers is added during the polymerization.
- the temperature of the polymerization mixture during the polymerization and correspondingly during the addition of the monomers is preferably at least 50 ° C., particularly preferably at least 70 ° C.
- the addition of the monomers to the polymerization vessel is preferably carried out over a period of at least two hours, more preferably at least 2.5 hours.
- the emulsion polymerization is generally carried out at 30 to 130, preferably 50 to 90 ° C.
- the polymerization medium may consist of water only, as well as of mixtures of water and thus miscible liquids such as methanol. Preferably, only water is used.
- the feed process can be carried out in a stepwise or gradient mode.
- the feed process in which one submits a portion of the polymerization, heated to the polymerization, polymerized and then the rest of the polymerization, usually over several spatially separate feeds, one or more of which monomers in pure or in emulsified form, continuously , gradually or with the addition of a concentration gradient while maintaining the polymerization of the polymerization zone supplies.
- the polymerization can also z. B. be presented for better adjustment of the particle size of a polymer seed.
- the manner in which the initiator is added to the polymerization vessel in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization is known to one of ordinary skill in the art. It can be introduced both completely into the polymerization vessel, or used continuously or in stages according to its consumption in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization. In particular, this depends on the chemical nature of the initiator system as well as on the polymerization temperature. Preferably, a part is initially charged and the remainder supplied according to the consumption of the polymerization.
- To remove the residual monomers is usually also after the end of the actual emulsion polymerization, i. after a conversion of the monomers of at least 95%, initiator added.
- the individual components can be added to the reactor in the feed process from above, in the side or from below through the reactor bottom.
- aqueous dispersions of the polymer are generally obtained with solids contents of 15 to 75 wt .-%, preferably from 40 to 75 wt .-%.
- dispersions with the highest possible solids content are preferred.
- solids contents> 60 wt .-% you should set a bimodal or polymodal particle size, otherwise the viscosity is too high, and the dispersion is no longer manageable.
- the generation of a new particle generation can be carried out, for example, by adding seed (EP 81083), by adding excess emulsifier amounts or by adding miniemulsions.
- Another benefit associated with low viscosity at high solids content is improved coating behavior at high solids levels.
- the generation of a new / new particle generation / s may be too done at any time. It depends on the particle size distribution desired for a low viscosity.
- the polymer thus prepared is preferably used in the form of its aqueous dispersion.
- the polymer is preferably used as or in pressure-sensitive adhesives.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive preferably contains the polymer in the form of the aqueous polymer dispersion as obtained or obtainable by the emulsion polymerization.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive can consist exclusively of the polymer or of the aqueous dispersion of the polymer.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may also contain other additives.
- a tackifier i. a tackifying resin. Tackifiers are z. From Adhesive Age, July 1987, pages 19-23 or Polym. Mater. Be. Closely. 61 (1989), pages 588-592.
- Tackifiers are z.
- natural resins such as rosins and their by disproportionation or isomerization, polymerization, dimerization, hydrogenation resulting derivatives.
- These may be in their salt form (with, for example, mono- or polyvalent counterions (cations) or preferably in their esterified form.)
- Alcohols which are used for the esterification may be mono- or polyvalent Examples are methanol, ethanediol, Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1, 2,3-propanethiol, pentaerythritol.
- hydrocarbon resins e.g., coumarone-indene resins, polyester terpene resins, hydrocarbon resins based on unsaturated C-H compounds, such as butadiene, pentene, methylbutene, isoprene, piperylene, divinylmethane, pentadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, styrene, a-methylstyrene , Vinyltoluene use.
- unsaturated C-H compounds such as butadiene, pentene, methylbutene, isoprene, piperylene, divinylmethane, pentadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, styrene, a-methylstyrene , Vinyltoluene use.
- tackifiers are increasingly also polyacrylates, which have a low molecular weight used.
- these polyacrylates have a weight-average molecular weight M w below 30,000.
- the polyacrylates are preferably at least 60, in particular at least 80 wt .-% of Ci-C8-alkyl (meth) acrylates.
- Preferred tackifiers are natural or chemically modified rosin resins. Rosin resins consist predominantly of abietic acid or abietic acid derivatives.
- the tackifiers can be added in a simple manner to the polymers according to the invention, preferably to the aqueous dispersions of the polymers.
- the tackifiers are preferably themselves in the form of an aqueous dispersion.
- the amount by weight of the tackifiers is preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight. particularly preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight. based on 100 parts by weight of polymer, (solid / solid).
- thickeners preferably associative thickeners, defoamers, plasticizers, pigments, wetting agents or fillers when used as a pressure sensitive adhesive use.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesives according to the invention therefore optionally contain, in addition to the aqueous polymer dispersion, tackifiers and / or the above additives.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesives for a better wetting of surfaces, the pressure-sensitive adhesives, in particular wetting aids, z.
- wetting aids As fatty alcohol ethoxylates, Alkylphenolethoxylate, sulfosuccinic, Nonylphenolethoxylate, polyoxyethylene / -propylenes or sodium dodecylsulfonate included. The amount is generally 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (solid).
- the pressure-sensitive adhesives are suitable for the production of self-adhesive articles such as labels, films or adhesive tapes.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive can be prepared by conventional methods, for. B. by rolling, knife coating, brushing, etc. on carriers, eg. As paper or polymer films, preferably consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, which may be stretched biaxially or monoaxially, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide or metal are applied.
- carriers with non-polar surfaces for.
- the water may preferably by drying at from 50 to 15O 0 C to be removed.
- the carriers can be cut into adhesive tape, labels or films before or after application of the adhesive.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated side of the substrates, with a release paper, z. For example, be covered with a silikon- nized paper.
- the self-adhesive articles according to the invention have very good adhesive properties, in particular a good adhesion to the substrates and a high cohesion (internal strength in the adhesive layer).
- the pressure-sensitive adhesives according to the invention are also suitable for transparent carriers, in particular also for film labels, since this is the case when exposed to water.
- the performance characteristics therefore remain good even when exposed to water, turbidity or other deterioration of the visual appearance is difficult or impossible to observe.
- Feed 1 (an aqueous emulsion)
- Disponil FES 77 ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate
- Lumiten I-SC succinic acid ester
- Feed 2 92.6 g of a 7 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate.
- feed 6 and feed 7 were added.
- the internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C.
- the aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 53.6% by weight.
- the mean particle size was 178 nm.
- Feed 1 (aqueous emulsion) 595.6 g of deionized water
- Disponil FES 77 ethoxylated C 12 -C 14 Na sulfate
- Lumiten I-SC succinic acid ester
- feed 6 and feed 7 were added.
- the internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C.
- the aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 53.4% by weight.
- the mean particle size was 193 nm.
- a mixture of 223.9 g of deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33% strength by weight aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) was carried in a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heating / cooling device a weight average particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere heated to 85 ° C. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature.
- Feed 1 (an aqueous emulsion) 595.6 g of deionized water
- Disponil FES 77 ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate
- the inlet 1 is divided. There are two subsets:
- feed 1 a (without hydroxyethyl acrylate) and feed 2 were started.
- Feed 1a (without HEA) was metered in over 2 hours Directly after feed 1 a (without HEA), feed 1 b (with HEA) was started and added in 1 h.
- a mixture of 223.9 g of deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33% strength by weight aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) was carried in a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heating / cooling device a weight average particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere heated to 85 ° C. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature. After 3 minutes, feed 1 and feed 2 were started and metered in uniformly over 3 h.
- Feed 1 (aqueous emulsion)
- Disponil FES 77 ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate
- Lumiten I-SC succinic acid ester
- feed 6 and feed 7 were added.
- the internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C.
- the aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 53.2% by weight.
- the mean particle size was 189 nm.
- a mixture of 223.9 g of deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33% strength by weight aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) was carried in a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heating / cooling device a weight average particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere heated to 85 ° C. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature. Feed 1 was divided 1/2 and 1/2. To 1/2 of feed 1, addition 1 was added.
- feed 1 (without methacrylamide) and feed 2 were started.
- Feed 1 without MAM was metered in in 1, 5 h and feed 2 was added in 3 h.
- feed 1 was started with MAM and metered in in 1.5 hours.
- Feed 1 (aqueous emulsion)
- Disponil FES 77 ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate
- Lumiten I-SC succinic acid ester
- feeds 4 and 5 were started and evenly over 60 min. metered. After the end of feeds 4 and 5, feeds 6 and 7 were added.
- the internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C.
- the aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 52.9% by weight.
- the mean particle size was 185 nm.
- Agitan LF 305 is a mixture of paraffin oil and nonionic emulsifiers.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesives were coated with a doctor blade, with a gap width of 60 ⁇ m, directly onto polyester film as support and dried for 3 minutes at 90 ° C.
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- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
A pressure-sensitive adhesive, containing an aqueous polymer dispersion produced by emulsion polymerization, characterised in that the polymer contains monomers with a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (which are simply called hydrophilic monomers in the following) and the polymer can be obtained in that more than 70 wt.-% of the hydrophilic monomers are fed only when the polymerization mixture (a mixture of monomers and already produced polymer located in the polymerisation vessel) already contains more than 50 wt.-% of the total volume of monomers.
Description
Haftklebstoff mit verbessertem WeißanlaufverhaltenPressure-sensitive adhesive with improved white-start behavior
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betriff einen Haftklebstoff, enthaltend eine durch Emulsionspolymerisation hergestellte wässrige Polymerdispersion, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer Monomere mit einer Hydroxylgruppe oder primären Aminogruppe (im nachfolgenden kurz zusammenfassend hydrophile Monomere) enthält und das Polymer dadurch erhältlich ist, dass mehr als 70 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mischung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem Polymer) bereits mehr als 50 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält.The invention relates to a pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization, characterized in that the polymer contains monomers having a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (hereinafter briefly summarizing hydrophilic monomers) and the polymer is obtainable by more than 70% by weight. the hydrophilic monomers are supplied only when the polymerization mixture (present in the polymerization vessel mixture of monomers and already formed polymer) already contains more than 50 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
Selbstklebende Artikel bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem Träger und einer darauf aufgebrachten Haftklebstoffschicht. Der Träger ist für viele Anwendungen transparent. Bei Einwirkung von Wasser kommt es häufig zum sogenannten „Weißanlaufen" darunter ist eine Trübung in der Klebstoffschicht zu verstehen, die durch das Eindringen von Wasser verursacht wird. Durch das Weißanlaufen werden die anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften verschlechtert; naturgemäß beeinträchtigt die Trübung insbesondere bei transparenten Folienetiketten das optische Erscheinungsbild.Self-adhesive articles consist essentially of a carrier and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer applied thereto. The carrier is transparent to many applications. When exposed to water, so-called "blushing" often occurs, which means turbidity in the adhesive layer, which is caused by the ingress of water.White blushing worsens the performance properties and, of course, cloudiness affects the optical properties, especially in the case of transparent film labels appearance.
Bekannt ist z. B. aus EP-A 1 378 527, EP-A 623 659 oder WO 98/44064, das Weißanlaufen bei wässrigen Polymerdispersionen durch spezielle Aufbaukomponenten des dispergierten Polymeren zu vermindern. Das erreichte Ergebnis ist noch nicht in vollem Umfang zufriedenstellend.It is known z. Example, from EP-A 1 378 527, EP-A 623 659 or WO 98/44064, to reduce the blushing in aqueous polymer dispersions by special structural components of the dispersed polymer. The result achieved is not yet fully satisfactory.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war daher die Verminderung oder Vermeidung des Effekts des Weißanlaufens, die sonstigen anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften des Haftklebstoffs, insbesondere die Adhäsion und Kohäsion, sollen dadurch nicht be- einträchtigt, möglichst sogar noch besser werden.The object of the present invention was therefore to reduce or avoid the effect of blushing, the other performance properties of the pressure-sensitive adhesive, in particular the adhesion and cohesion should not be impaired thereby, if possible even better.
Demgemäss wurde der eingangs definierte Haftklebstoff gefunden.Accordingly, the initially defined pressure-sensitive adhesive was found.
Der Haftklebstoff enthält eine durch Emulsionspolymerisation hergestellte Polymerdis- persion. Das Emulsionspolymersisat, kurz Polymer genannt, besteht vorzugsweise zu mindestens 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zu mindestens 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 80 Gew.-% aus sogenannten Hauptmonomeren.The pressure-sensitive adhesive contains a polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization. The emulsion polymer, termed polymer for short, is preferably at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, of so-called main monomers.
Die Hauptmonomeren sind ausgewählt aus C1-C20-Alkyl(meth)acrylaten, Vinylestern von bis zu 20 C-Atome enthaltenden Carbonsäuren, Vinylaromaten mit bis zu 20 C- Atomen, ethylenisch ungesättigten Nitrilen, Vinylhalogeniden, Vinylethern von 1 bis 10 C-Atome enthaltenden Alkoholen, aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit 2 bis 8 C- Atomen und ein oder zwei Doppelbindungen oder Mischungen dieser Monomeren.
Zu nennen sind z. B. (Meth)acrylsäurealkylester mit einem C1-C10-Alkylrest, wie Me- thyl-methacrylat, Methylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, Ethylacrylat und 2-Ethylhexylacrylat.The main monomers are selected from C1-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms, vinylaromatics having up to 20 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinyl ethers having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms Alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two double bonds or mixtures of these monomers. To name a few are z. B. (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl radical, such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
Insbesondere sind auch Mischungen der (Meth)acrylsäurealkylester geeignet.In particular, mixtures of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters are also suitable.
Vinylester von Carbonsäuren mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen sind z. B. Vinyllaurat, -stearat, Vinylpropionat, Versaticsäurevinylester und Vinylacetat.Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are, for. As vinyl laurate, stearate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate and vinyl acetate.
Als vinylaromatische Verbindungen kommen Vinyltoluol, a- und p-Methylstyrol, a-Butyl- styrol, 4-n-Butylstyrol, 4-n-Decylstyrol und vorzugsweise Styrol in Betracht. Beispiele für Nitrile sind Acrylnitril und Methacrylnitril.Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are vinyltoluene, α- and p-methylstyrene, α-butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene and preferably styrene. Examples of nitriles are acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
Die Vinylhalogenide sind mit Chlor, Fluor oder Brom substituierte ethylenisch ungesättigte Verbindungen, bevorzugt Vinylchlorid und Vinylidenchlorid.The vinyl halides are chloro, fluoro or bromo substituted ethylenically unsaturated compounds, preferably vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
Als Vinylether zu nennen sind z.B. Vinylmethylether oder Vinylisobutylether. Bevorzugt wird Vinylether von 1 bis 4 C-Atome enthaltenden Alkoholen.As vinyl ethers, there are e.g. Vinyl methyl ether or vinyl isobutyl ether. Vinyl ether is preferably from 1 to 4 C-containing alcohols.
Als Kohlenwasserstoffe mit 2 bis 8 C-Atomen und ein oder zwei olefinischen Doppel- bindungen seien Ethylen, Propylen, Butadien, Isopren und Chloropren genannt.Suitable hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 C atoms and one or two olefinic double bonds are ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
Als Hauptmonomere bevorzugt sind die C1- bis C10-Alkylacrylate und -methacrylate, insbesondere C1- bis C8-Alkylacrylate und -methacrylate und Vinylaromaten, insbesondere Styrol und deren Mischungen.Preferred main monomers are the C 1 - to C 10 -alkyl acrylates and -methacrylates, in particular C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl acrylates and -methacrylates and vinylaromatics, in particular styrene and mixtures thereof.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, n-Hexylacrylat, Octylacrylat und 2-Etyhlhexylacrylat, Styrol sowie Mischungen dieser Monomere.Very particular preference is given to methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene and mixtures of these monomers.
Bevorzugt besteht das Polymer zu mindestens 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 60 Gew.-% und ganz besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 80 Gew.-% aus C1-C20-, insbesondere C1 -C10 Alkyl(meth)acrylaten.Preferably, the polymer is at least 40 wt .-%, in particular at least 60 wt .-% and most preferably at least 80 wt .-% of C1-C20, in particular C1-C10 alkyl (meth) acrylates.
Erfindungsgemäß enthält das Polymer Monomere mit Hydroxylgruppen, primären Ami- nogruppen oder Mischungen daraus (zusammenfassend kurz hydrophile Monomere genannt).According to the invention, the polymer contains monomers having hydroxyl groups, primary amino groups or mixtures thereof (collectively abbreviated to hydrophilic monomers).
Als Monomere mit Hydroxylgruppen seien insbesondere C1-C10- Hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, vorzugsweise C2-C8-Hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, beson- ders bevorzugt C2-C4-Hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, z. B. Hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylat, Hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylat und Hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylat genannt. Die Hydroxyacryla- te sind gegenüber den Hydroxymethacrylaten bevorzugt.
Als Monomere mit primären Aminogruppen seien z.B. Methacrylamid oder Acrylamid genannt.As monomers with hydroxyl groups, in particular C 1 -C 10 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, preferably C 2 -C 8 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, particularly preferably C 2 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, for example As hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate called. The hydroxyacrylates are preferred over the hydroxymethacrylates. Examples of monomers having primary amino groups are methacrylamide or acrylamide.
Die hydrophilen Monomeren sind vorzugsweise ausgewählt sind aus Hydroxyal- kyl(meth)acrylaten, (Meth)acrylamid oder deren Mischungen.The hydrophilic monomers are preferably selected from hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylamide or mixtures thereof.
Bei den hydrophilen Monomeren handelt es sich besonders bevorzugt um Hydroxygru- pen enthaltende Monomere, ganz besonders beorzugt um die obigen Hydroxyal- kyl(meth)acrylate.The hydrophilic monomers are more preferably hydroxy-containing monomers, most preferably the above hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates.
Das Polymer enthält vorzugsweise insgesamt 0,1 bis 15 Gew. %, der hydrophilen Monomeren enthält.The polymer preferably contains 0.1 to 15% by weight in total, which contains hydrophilic monomers.
Insbesondere enthält das Polymer mindestens 0,2, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 0,3 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren. Insbesondere enthält das Polymer maximal 10 Gew. %, besonders bevorzugt maximal 5 Gew. und ganz besonders bevorzugt maximal 3 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren.In particular, the polymer contains at least 0.2, particularly preferably at least 0.3,% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers. In particular, the polymer contains not more than 10% by weight, more preferably not more than 5% by weight, and very preferably not more than 3% by weight, of the hydrophilic monomers.
Neben den Hauptmonomeren und den hydrophilen Monomeren kann das Polymer weitere Monomere enthalten, z. B. Monomere mit Säuregruppen (Säure-Monomere, siehe oben), z. B. Carbonsäure, Sulfonsäure oder Phosphonsäuregruppen. Bevorzugt sind Carbonsäuregruppen. Genannt seien z. B. Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Itacon-säure, Maleinsäure oder Fumarsäure.In addition to the main monomers and the hydrophilic monomers, the polymer may contain other monomers, for. B. monomers with acid groups (acid monomers, see above), for. As carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups. Preferred are carboxylic acid groups. Called z. As acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid.
Der Gehalt derartiger Monomere mit Säuregruppen beträgt insbesondre 0,1 bis 5, besonders bevorzugt 0,2 bis 3 Gew. % im Polymer.The content of such monomers having acid groups is especially 0.1 to 5, more preferably 0.2 to 3 wt% in the polymer.
Als weitere Monomere seien darüber hinaus Phenyloxyethylglykolmono-(meth-)acrylat, Glycidylacrylat, Glycidylmethacrylat, Amino- (meth-)acrylate wie 2-Aminoethyl-(meth-) acrylat genannt.Phenyloxyethylglycol mono (meth) acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, amino (meth) acrylates such as 2-aminoethyl (meth) acrylate may also be mentioned as further monomers.
Als weitere Monomere seien auch vernetzende Monomere genannt.Other monomers which may also be mentioned are crosslinking monomers.
Die Glasübergangstemperatur des Polymeren beträgt vorzugsweise -60 bis O0C, besonders bevorzugt -60 bis -1O0C und ganz besonders bevorzugt -60 bis -2O0C.The glass transition temperature of the polymer is preferably -60 to 0 ° C, more preferably -60 to -1O 0 C and most preferably -60 to -2O 0 C.
Die Glasübergangstemperatur lässt sich nach üblichen Methoden wie Differentialther- moanalyse oder Differentail Scanning Calorimetrie (s. z.B. ASTM 3418/82, sog. "mid- point temperature") bestimmen.
Bei der Emulsionspolymerisation werden ethylenisch ungesättigte Verbindungen (Monomere) in Wasser polymerisiert, wobei ionische und/oder nicht -ionische Emulgatoren und/oder Schutzkolloide bzw. Stabilisatoren als grenzflächenaktive Verbindungen zur Stabilisierung der Momer-tröpfchen und der später aus den Monomeren gebildeten Polymerteilchen verwendet werden.The glass transition temperature can be determined by customary methods such as differential thermal analysis or differential scanning calorimetry (see, for example, ASTM 3418/82, so-called "mid-point temperature"). In the emulsion polymerization, ethylenically unsaturated compounds (monomers) are polymerized in water using ionic and / or nonionic emulsifiers and / or protective colloids or stabilizers as surface-active compounds for stabilizing the monomer droplets and the polymer particles later formed from the monomers.
Eine ausführliche Beschreibung geeigneter Schutzkolloide findet sich in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Band XIV/1 , Makromolekulare Stoffe, Georg- Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961 , S. 411 bis 420. Als Emulgatoren kommen sowohl ani- onische, kationische als auch nichtionische Emulgatoren in Betracht. Vorzugsweise werden als grenzflächenaktive Substanzen Emulgatoren eingesetzt, deren Molekulargewicht im Unterschied zu den Schutzkolloiden üblicherweise unter 2000 g/mol liegen. Selbstverständlich müssen im Falle der Verwendung von Gemischen grenzflächenaktiver Substanzen die Einzelkomponenten miteinander verträglich sein, was im Zweifels- fall an Hand weniger Vorversuche überprüft werden kann. Vorzugsweise werden anionische und nichtionische Emulgatoren als grenz-flächenaktive Substanzen verwendet. Gebräuchliche begleitende Emulgatoren sind z. B. ethoxylierte Fettalkohole (EO-Grad: 3 bis 50, Alkylrest: Cs- bis C36), ethoxylierte Mono-, Di- und Tri-Alkylphenole (EO-Grad: 3 bis 50, Alkylrest: C4- bis Cg), Alkalimetallsalze von Dialkylestern der Sulfobernstein- säure sowie Alkali- und Ammoniumsalze von Alkylsulfaten (Alkylrest: Cs- bis C12), von ethoxylierten Alkanolen (EO-Grad: 4 bis 30, Alkylrest: C12- bis Cis), von ethoxylierten Alkylphenolen (EO-Grad: 3 bis 50, Alkylrest: C4- bis Cg), von Alkylsulfonsäuren (Alkylrest: C12- bis Cis) und von Alkylarylsulfonsäuren (Alkylrest: Cg- bis Cis).A detailed description of suitable protective colloids can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular Materials, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pp. 411 to 420. Suitable emulsifiers are anionic, cationic as well as nonionic emulsifiers into consideration. Emulsifiers whose molecular weight, unlike the protective colloids, are usually below 2000 g / mol, are preferably used as surface-active substances. Of course, in the case of the use of mixtures of surface-active substances, the individual components must be compatible with one another, which can be checked in case of doubt by means of a few preliminary tests. Anionic and nonionic emulsifiers are preferably used as surface-active substances. Common accompanying emulsifiers are z. Example, ethoxylated fatty alcohols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl: Cs to C36), ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl: C 4 - to Cg), alkali metal salts of dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid and of alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: Cs to C12), of ethoxylated alkanols (EO degree: 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C12 to Cis), of ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 to Cg), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C 12 to Cis) and of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: Cg to Cis).
Weitere geeignete Emulgatoren sind Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel IlFurther suitable emulsifiers are compounds of the general formula II
worin R5 und R6 Wasserstoff oder C4- bis C14-Alkyl bedeuten und nicht gleichzeitig Wasserstoff sind, und X und Y Alkalimetallionen und/oder Ammoniumionen sein können. Vorzugsweise bedeuten R5, R6 lineare oder verzweigte Alkylreste mit 6 bis 18 C- Atomen oder Wasserstoff und insbesondere mit 6, 12 und 16 C-Atomen, wobei R5 und R6 nicht beide gleichzeitig Wasserstoff sind. X und Y sind bevorzugt Natrium, Kalium oder Ammoniumionen, wobei Natrium besonders bevorzugt ist. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Verbindungen Il in denen X und Y Natrium, R5 ein verzweigter Alkylrest mit 12 C- Atomen und R6 Wasserstoff oder R5 ist. Häufig werden technische Gemische verwen-
det, die einen Anteil von 50 bis 90 Gew.-% des monoalkylierten Produktes aufweisen, beispielsweise Dowfax 2A1 (Warenzeichen der Dow Chemical Company).wherein R5 and R6 are hydrogen or C4 to C14 alkyl and are not hydrogen at the same time, and X and Y may be alkali metal ions and / or ammonium ions. Preferably R5, R6 are linear or branched alkyl radicals having 6 to 18 C atoms or hydrogen and in particular having 6, 12 and 16 C atoms, wherein R5 and R6 are not both simultaneously hydrogen. X and Y are preferably sodium, potassium or ammonium ions, with sodium being particularly preferred. Particularly advantageous are compounds II in which X and Y are sodium, R5 is a branched alkyl radical having 12 C atoms and R6 is hydrogen or R5. Frequently, technical mixtures are used. Det, which have a proportion of 50 to 90 wt .-% of the monoalkylated product, for example Dowfax 2A1 (trademark of the Dow Chemical Company).
Geeignete Emulgatoren finden sich auch in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Band 14/1 , Makromolekulare Stoffe, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961 , Seiten 192 bis 208.Suitable emulsifiers can also be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume 14/1, Macromolecular substances, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pages 192 to 208.
Handelsnamen von Emulgatoren sind z.B. Dowfax 2 A1 , Emulan NP 50, Dextrol OC 50, Emulgator 825, Emulgator 825 S, Emulan OG, Texapon NSO, Nekanil 904 S, Lumiten I-RA, Lumiten E 3065, Disponil FES 77, Lutensol AT 18, Steinapol VSL, Emulphor NPS 25.Trade names of emulsifiers are e.g. Dowfax 2 A1, Emulan NP 50, Dextrol OC 50, Emulsifier 825, Emulsifier 825 S, Emulan OG, Texapon NSO, Nekanil 904 S, Lumiten I-RA, Lumiten E 3065, Disponil FES 77, Lutensol AT 18, Steinapol VSL, Emulphor NPS 25.
Die grenzflächenaktive Substanz wird üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die zu polymerisierenden Monomeren verwendet.The surfactant is usually used in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
Bei der Emusionspolymerisation werden üblicherweise wasserlösliche Initiatoren für die radikalische Polymerisation der Monomere verwendet.In the emulsion polymerization, water-soluble initiators are usually used for the radical polymerization of the monomers.
Wasserlösliche Initiatoren für die Emulsionspolymerisation sind z. B. Ammonium- und Alkalimetallsalze der Peroxidischwefelsäure, z. B. Natriumperoxodisulfat, Wasserstoffperoxid oder organische Peroxide, z. B. tert-Butylhydroperoxid.Water-soluble initiators for the emulsion polymerization are z. For example, ammonium and alkali metal salts of peroxodisulfuric, z. For example, sodium peroxodisulfate, hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides, z. B. tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
Geeignet sind auch sogenannte Reduktions-Oxidations(Red-Ox)-lnitiator Systeme.Also suitable are so-called reduction-oxidation (red-ox) -lititiator systems.
Die Red-Ox-Initiator-Systeme bestehen aus mindestens einem meist anorganischen Reduktionsmittel und einem anorganischen oder organischen Oxidationsmittel.The redox initiator systems consist of at least one mostly inorganic reducing agent and one inorganic or organic oxidizing agent.
Bei der Oxidationskomponente handelt es sich z. B. um die bereits vorstehend genannten Initiatoren für die Emulsionspolymerisation.The oxidation component is z. B. to the above-mentioned initiators for emulsion polymerization.
Bei der Reduktionskomponenten handelt es sich z. B. um Alkalimetallsalze der schwefligen Säure, wie z.B. Natriumsulfit, Natriumhydrogensulfit, Alkalisalze der Dischwef- ligen Säure wie Natriumdisulfit, Bisulfitadditionsverbindungen aliphatischer Aldehyde und Ketone, wie Acetonbisulfit oder Reduktionsmittel wie Hydroxymethansulfinsäure und deren Salze, oder Ascorbinsäure. Die Red-Ox-Initiator-Systeme können unter Mitverwendung löslicher Metallverbindungen, deren metallische Komponente in mehreren Wertigkeitsstufen auftreten kann, verwendet werden.The reduction components are, for. For example, alkali metal salts of sulfurous acid, e.g. Sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, alkali metal salts of Dischwef- ligen acid such as sodium disulfite, bisulfite addition compounds aliphatic aldehydes and ketones such as acetone bisulfite or reducing agents such as hydroxymethanesulfinic acid and salts thereof, or ascorbic acid. The red-ox initiator systems can be used with the concomitant use of soluble metal compounds whose metallic component can occur in multiple valence states.
Übliche Red-Ox-Initiator-Systeme sind z. B. Ascorbinsäure/Eisen(ll)sulfat/Natrium- peroxidisulfat, tert-Butylhydroperoxid/Natriumdisulfit, tert-Butylhydroperoxid/Na-Usual Red Ox initiator systems are z. As ascorbic acid / iron (II) sulfate / sodium peroxydisulfate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium disulfite, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / Na
Hydroxymethansulfinsäure. Die einzelnen Komponenten, z. B. die Reduktionskompo-
nente, können auch Mischungen sein z. B. eine Mischung aus dem Natriumsalz der Hydroxymethansulfinsäure und Natriumdisulfit.Hydroxymethanesulfinic. The individual components, eg. B. the reduction compo- nents, can also be mixtures z. B. a mixture of the sodium salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid and sodium disulfite.
Die genannten Verbindungen werden meist in Form wässriger Lösungen eingesetzt, wobei die untere Konzentration durch die in der Dispersion vertretbare Wassermenge und die obere Konzentration durch die Löslichkeit der betreffenden Verbindung in Wasser bestimmt ist. Im allgemeinen beträgt die Konzentration 0,1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 1 ,0 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Lösung.The compounds mentioned are usually used in the form of aqueous solutions, the lower concentration being determined by the amount of water acceptable in the dispersion and the upper concentration by the solubility of the compound in question in water. In general, the concentration is 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1, 0 to 10 wt .-%, based on the solution.
Die Menge der Initiatoren beträgt im allgemeinen 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die zu polymerisierenden Monomeren. Es können auch mehrere, verschiedene Initiatoren bei der Emulsionspolymerisation Verwendung finden.The amount of initiators is generally 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized. It is also possible to use a plurality of different initiators in the emulsion polymerization.
Bei der Polymerisation können auch Polymerisationsregler, kurz Regler, eingesetzt werden. Regler bewirken eine Kettenabbruchsreaktion und verringern somit das Molgewicht des Polymeren. Die Regler werden dabei an das Polymer gebunden, im allgemeinen an das Kettenende.In the polymerization and polymerization, regulators can be used. Regulators cause a chain termination reaction and thus reduce the molecular weight of the polymer. The regulators are bound to the polymer, generally to the chain end.
Die Menge der Regler kann z. B. 0 bis 4 Gew. Teile, besonders bevorzugt 0,05 bis 0,8 Gew.-Teile und ganz besonders bevorzugt 0,1 bis 0,6 Gew. Teile, bezogen auf 100 Gew.-Teile der zu polymerisierenden Monomeren, betragen. Geeignete Regler sind insbesondere Verbindungen mit einer Mercaptogruppe wie tert.-Butylmercaptan, Thi- oglycolsäureethylacrylester, Mercaptoethynol, Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilan oder tert.-Dodecylmercaptan. Bei den reglern handelt es sich im allgemeinen um niedermo- ökulare Verbindungen mit einem Molgewicht kleiner 2000, insbeosndere kleiner 1000 g/mol.The amount of regulator can z. B. 0 to 4 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.8 parts by weight and most preferably 0.1 to 0.6 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers to be polymerized , Suitable regulators are, in particular, compounds having a mercapto group such as tert-butylmercaptan, thioglycolic acid ethylacrylic ester, mercaptoethynol, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or tert-dodecylmercaptan. The regulators are generally low molecular weight compounds having a molecular weight of less than 2000, in particular less than 1000 g / mol.
Eine Teilmenge der Monomere kann, wenn gewünscht, zu Beginn der Polymerisation im Polymerisationsgefäß vorgelegt werden, die übrigen Monomere, bzw. alle Monomere, wenn keine Monomere vorgelegt werden, werden beim Zulaufverfahren im Laufe der Polymerisation zugegeben.A subset of the monomers may, if desired, be initially charged in the polymerization vessel at the beginning of the polymerization, the other monomers, or all monomers, if no monomers are introduced, are added in the feed process during the polymerization.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Polymer dadurch erhältlich, dass mehr als 70 Gew. %, be- sonders bevorzugt mehr als 90 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mischung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem Polymer) bereits mehr als 50 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält.According to the invention, the polymer can be obtained by adding more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight, of the hydrophilic monomers only when the polymerization mixture (mixture of monomers and already formed polymer present in the polymerization vessel) already contains more than Contains 50 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
Besonderes bevorzugt ist das Polymer dadurch erhältlich, dass mehr als 70 Gew. %, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 90 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mi-
schung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem Polymer) bereits mehr als 70 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält.The polymer is particularly preferably obtainable by adding more than 70% by weight, particularly preferably more than 90% by weight, of the hydrophilic monomers only when the polymerization mixture (present in the polymerization vessel) is not added. mixture of monomers and already formed polymer) already contains more than 70% by weight of the total amount of the monomers.
Ganz besonderes bevorzugt ist das Polymer dadurch erhältlich, dass 100 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mischung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem Polymer) bereits mehr als 50 Gew. %, insbesondere mehr als 70 Gew. %, ganz besonders bevorzugt mehr als 80 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält.The polymer is very particularly preferably obtainable in that 100% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers are not added until the polymerization mixture (mixture of monomers and already formed polymer present in the polymerization vessel) already contains more than 50% by weight, in particular more than 70% by weight. %, most preferably more than 80 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
Bei allen Angaben, welche auf das Polymerisationsgemisch bezogen sind sollen unter dem Begriff Monomer sowohl noch nicht polymerisierte Monomere als auch Monomereinheiten des Polymeren, d.h. die einpolymerisierten Monomere, verstanden werden.In the case of all data relating to the polymerization mixture, the term "monomer" is intended to include both unpolymerized monomers and monomeric units of the polymer, i. the polymerized monomers understood.
Das Polymerisationsgemisch besteht bei Beginn der Zugabe der mehr als 70 Gew. % bzw. der mehr als 90 Gew. % oder 100 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren zu mindestens 40 Gew. %, insbesondere mindestens 60 Gew. % aus bereits entstandenem Polymer.The polymerization mixture consists at the beginning of the addition of more than 70 wt.% Or more than 90 wt.% Or 100 wt.% Of the hydrophilic monomers to at least 40 wt.%, In particular at least 60 wt.% Of already formed polymer.
Die Monomeren werden zumindest teilweise während der Polymerisation kontinuierlich zugegeben. Zum Teil können Monomere auch im Polymerisationsgefäß vor Beginn der Polymerisation vorgelegt werden.The monomers are added continuously at least partially during the polymerization. In some cases, monomers can also be initially charged in the polymerization vessel before the beginning of the polymerization.
Vorzugsweise wird maximal 30 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren, besonders bevorzugt maximal 20 Gew. %, ganz besonders bevorzugt maximal 10 Gew. % der Monomeren im Polymerisationsgefäß vorgelegt.Preferably, a maximum of 30% by weight of the total amount of the monomers, particularly preferably not more than 20% by weight, very particularly preferably not more than 10% by weight, of the monomers is initially charged in the polymerization vessel.
Die übrigen Monomeren, d.h. vorzugsweise mindestens 70 Gew. %, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 80 Gew. %, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew. % werden während der Polymerisation kontinuierlich zugegeben. In einer besonderen Aus- führungsform werden keine Monomeren vorgelegt, d. h. die Gesamtmenge der Monomere wird während der Polymerisation zugefahren.The remaining monomers, i. preferably at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 90% by weight are continuously added during the polymerization. In a particular embodiment, no monomers are initially charged, i. H. the total amount of monomers is added during the polymerization.
Die Temperatur des Polymerisationsgemisches beträgt während der Polymerisation und entsprechend während der Zugabe der Monomeren vorzugsweise mindestens 50 °C, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 70 °C.The temperature of the polymerization mixture during the polymerization and correspondingly during the addition of the monomers is preferably at least 50 ° C., particularly preferably at least 70 ° C.
Die Zugabe der Monomeren zum Polymerisationsgefäß erfolgt vorzugsweise über einen Zeitraum von mindestens zwei Stunden, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 2,5 Stunden.The addition of the monomers to the polymerization vessel is preferably carried out over a period of at least two hours, more preferably at least 2.5 hours.
Im übrigen gilt für die Durchführung der Emulsionspolymerisation folgendes:
Die Emulsionspolymerisation erfolgt in der Regel bei 30 bis 130, vorzugsweise 50 bis 90°C. Das Polymerisationsmedium kann sowohl nur aus Wasser, als auch aus Mischungen aus Wasser und damit mischbaren Flüssigkeiten wie Methanol bestehen. Vorzugsweise wird nur Wasser verwendet. Das Zulaufverfahren kann in Stufen- oder Gradientenfahrweise, durchgeführt werden. Bevorzugt ist das Zulaufverfahren, bei dem man einen Teil des Polymerisationsansatzes vorlegt, auf die Polymerisationstemperatur erhitzt, anpolymerisiert und anschließend den Rest des Polymerisationsansatzes, üblicherweise über mehrere räumlich getrennte Zuläufe, von denen einer oder mehrere die Monomeren in reiner oder in emulgierter Form enthalten, kontinuierlich, stufenwei- se oder unter Überlagerung eines Konzentrationsgefälles unter Aufrechterhaltung der Polymerisation der Polymerisationszone zuführt. Bei der Polymerisation kann auch z. B. zur besseren Einstellung der Teilchengröße eine Polymersaat vorgelegt werden.Otherwise, the following applies to the performance of the emulsion polymerization: The emulsion polymerization is generally carried out at 30 to 130, preferably 50 to 90 ° C. The polymerization medium may consist of water only, as well as of mixtures of water and thus miscible liquids such as methanol. Preferably, only water is used. The feed process can be carried out in a stepwise or gradient mode. Preferably, the feed process in which one submits a portion of the polymerization, heated to the polymerization, polymerized and then the rest of the polymerization, usually over several spatially separate feeds, one or more of which monomers in pure or in emulsified form, continuously , gradually or with the addition of a concentration gradient while maintaining the polymerization of the polymerization zone supplies. In the polymerization can also z. B. be presented for better adjustment of the particle size of a polymer seed.
Die Art und Weise, in der der Initiator im Verlauf der radikalischen wässrigen Emulsi- onspolymerisation dem Polymerisationsgefäß zugegeben wird, ist dem Durchschnittsfachmann bekannt. Es kann sowohl vollständig in das Polymerisationsgefäß vorgelegt, als auch nach Maßgabe seines Verbrauchs im Verlauf der radikalischen wässrigen Emulsionspolymerisation kontinuierlich oder stufenweise eingesetzt werden. Im einzelnen hängt dies von der chemischen Natur des Initiatorsystems als auch von der PoIy- mersiationstemperatur ab. Vorzugsweise wird ein Teil vorgelegt und der Rest nach Maßgabe des Verbrauchs der Polymerisationszone zugeführt.The manner in which the initiator is added to the polymerization vessel in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization is known to one of ordinary skill in the art. It can be introduced both completely into the polymerization vessel, or used continuously or in stages according to its consumption in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization. In particular, this depends on the chemical nature of the initiator system as well as on the polymerization temperature. Preferably, a part is initially charged and the remainder supplied according to the consumption of the polymerization.
Zur Entfernung der Restmonomeren wird üblicherweise auch nach dem Ende der eigentlichen Emulsionspolymerisation, d.h. nach einem Umsatz der Monomeren von mindestens 95 %, Initiator zugesetzt.To remove the residual monomers is usually also after the end of the actual emulsion polymerization, i. after a conversion of the monomers of at least 95%, initiator added.
Die einzelnen Komponenten können dem Reaktor beim Zulaufverfahren von oben, in der Seite oder von unten durch den Reaktorboden zugegeben werden.The individual components can be added to the reactor in the feed process from above, in the side or from below through the reactor bottom.
Bei der Emulsionspolymerisation werden wässrige Dispersionen des Polymeren in der Regel mit Feststoffgehalten von 15 bis 75 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 40 bis 75 Gew.-% erhalten.In the emulsion polymerization, aqueous dispersions of the polymer are generally obtained with solids contents of 15 to 75 wt .-%, preferably from 40 to 75 wt .-%.
Für eine hohe Raum/Zeitausbeute des Reaktors sind Dispersionen mit einem mög- liehst hohen Feststoffgehalt bevorzugt. Um Feststoffgehalte > 60 Gew.-% erreichen zu können, sollte man eine bi- oder polymodale Teilchengröße einstellen, da sonst die Viskosität zu hoch wird, und die Dispersion nicht mehr handhabbar ist. Die Erzeugung einer neuen Teilchengeneration kann beispielsweise durch Zusatz von Saat (EP 81083), durch Zugabe überschüssiger Emulgatormengen oder durch Zugabe von Miniemulsionen erfolgen. Ein weiterer Vorteil, der mit der niedrigen Viskosität bei hohem Feststoffgehalt einhergeht, ist das verbesserte Beschichtungsverhalten bei hohen Feststoffgehalten. Die Erzeugung einer neuen/neuer Teilchengeneration/en kann zu
einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt erfolgen. Er richtet sich nach den für eine niedrige Viskosität angestrebten Teilchengrößenverteilung.For a high space / time yield of the reactor, dispersions with the highest possible solids content are preferred. In order to achieve solids contents> 60 wt .-%, you should set a bimodal or polymodal particle size, otherwise the viscosity is too high, and the dispersion is no longer manageable. The generation of a new particle generation can be carried out, for example, by adding seed (EP 81083), by adding excess emulsifier amounts or by adding miniemulsions. Another benefit associated with low viscosity at high solids content is improved coating behavior at high solids levels. The generation of a new / new particle generation / s may be too done at any time. It depends on the particle size distribution desired for a low viscosity.
Das so hergestellte Polymer wird vorzugsweise in Form seiner wässrigen Dispersion verwendet.The polymer thus prepared is preferably used in the form of its aqueous dispersion.
Das Polymer wird vorzugsweise als oder in Haftklebstoffen verwendet.The polymer is preferably used as or in pressure-sensitive adhesives.
Der Haftklebstoff enthält das Polymer vorzugsweise in Form der wässrigen Polymer- dispersion, wie sie durch die Emulsionspolymerisation erhalten wurde oder erhältlich ist.The pressure-sensitive adhesive preferably contains the polymer in the form of the aqueous polymer dispersion as obtained or obtainable by the emulsion polymerization.
Der Haftklebstoff kann ausschließlich aus dem Polymeren, bzw. der wässrigen Dispersion des Polymeren bestehen.The pressure-sensitive adhesive can consist exclusively of the polymer or of the aqueous dispersion of the polymer.
Der Haftklebstoff kann jedoch auch noch weitere Zusatzstoffe enthalten. In Betracht kommt z. B. ein Tackifier, d.h. ein klebrigmachendes Harz. Tackifier sind z. B. aus Adhesive Age, Juli 1987, Seite 19-23 oder Polym. Mater. Sei. Eng. 61 (1989), Seite 588-592 bekannt.However, the pressure-sensitive adhesive may also contain other additives. In consideration comes z. A tackifier, i. a tackifying resin. Tackifiers are z. From Adhesive Age, July 1987, pages 19-23 or Polym. Mater. Be. Closely. 61 (1989), pages 588-592.
Tackifier sind z. B. Naturharze, wie Kolophoniumharze und deren durch Disproportio- nierung oder Isomerisierung, Polymerisation, Dimerisation, Hydrierung entstehenden Derivate. Diese können in ihrer Salzform (mit z. B. ein- oder mehrwertigen Gegenionen (Kationen) oder bevorzugt in ihrer veresterten Form vorliegen. Alkohole, die zur Ve- resterung verwendet werden, können ein- oder mehrwertig sein. Beispiele sind Methanol, Ethandiol, Diethylenglykol, Triethylenglykol, 1 ,2,3-Propanthiol, Pentaerythrit.Tackifiers are z. As natural resins such as rosins and their by disproportionation or isomerization, polymerization, dimerization, hydrogenation resulting derivatives. These may be in their salt form (with, for example, mono- or polyvalent counterions (cations) or preferably in their esterified form.) Alcohols which are used for the esterification may be mono- or polyvalent Examples are methanol, ethanediol, Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1, 2,3-propanethiol, pentaerythritol.
Des weiteren finden auch Kohlenwasserstoffharze, z. B. Cumaron-Inden-Harze, PoIy- terpen-Harze, Kohlenwasserstoffharze auf Basis ungesättigter CH-Verbindungen, wie Butadien, Penten, Methylbuten, Isopren, Piperylen, Divinylmethan, Pentadien, Cyclo- penten, Cyclopentadien, Cyclohexadien, Styrol, a-Methylstyrol, Vinyltoluol Verwendung.Furthermore, hydrocarbon resins, e.g. For example, coumarone-indene resins, polyester terpene resins, hydrocarbon resins based on unsaturated C-H compounds, such as butadiene, pentene, methylbutene, isoprene, piperylene, divinylmethane, pentadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, styrene, a-methylstyrene , Vinyltoluene use.
Als Tackifier werden zunehmend auch Polyacrylate, welche ein geringes Molgewicht aufweisen, verwendet. Vorzugsweise haben diese Polyacrylate ein gewichtsmittleres Molekulargewicht Mw unter 30 000. Die Polyacrylate bestehen bevorzugt zu mindestens 60, insbesondere mindestens 80 Gew.-% aus Ci-C8-Alkyl(meth)acrylaten.As tackifiers are increasingly also polyacrylates, which have a low molecular weight used. Preferably, these polyacrylates have a weight-average molecular weight M w below 30,000. The polyacrylates are preferably at least 60, in particular at least 80 wt .-% of Ci-C8-alkyl (meth) acrylates.
Bevorzugte Tackifier sind natürliche oder chemisch modifizierte Kolophoniumharze. Kolophoniumharze bestehen zum überwiegenden Teil aus Abietinsäure oder Abietin- säurederivaten.
Die Tackifier können in einfacher Weise den erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisaten, bevorzugt den wässrigen Dispersionen der Polymerisate zugesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise liegen die Tackifier dabei selber in Form einer wässrigen Dispersion vor.Preferred tackifiers are natural or chemically modified rosin resins. Rosin resins consist predominantly of abietic acid or abietic acid derivatives. The tackifiers can be added in a simple manner to the polymers according to the invention, preferably to the aqueous dispersions of the polymers. The tackifiers are preferably themselves in the form of an aqueous dispersion.
Die Gewichtsmenge der Tackifier beträgt vorzugsweise 5 bis 100 Gew.-Teile. besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 50 Gew.-Teile. bezogen auf 100 Gew.-Teile Polymerisat, (fest/fest).The amount by weight of the tackifiers is preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight. particularly preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight. based on 100 parts by weight of polymer, (solid / solid).
Neben Tackifiern können z. B. noch weitere Additive z. B. Verdickungsmittel, vorzugs- weise Assoziativverdicker, Entschäumer, Weichmacher, Pigmente, Netzmittel oder Füllstoffe bei der Verwendung als Haftklebstoff Verwendung finden.In addition to Tackifiern z. B. still further additives z. As thickeners, preferably associative thickeners, defoamers, plasticizers, pigments, wetting agents or fillers when used as a pressure sensitive adhesive use.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Haftklebstoffe enthalten daher neben der wässrigen Polymerdispersion gegebenenfalls noch Tackifier und/oder die vorstehenden Additive.The pressure-sensitive adhesives according to the invention therefore optionally contain, in addition to the aqueous polymer dispersion, tackifiers and / or the above additives.
Für eine bessere Benetzung von Oberflächen können die Haftklebstoffe insbesondere Benetzungshilfsmittel, z. B. Fettalkoholethoxylate, Alkylphenolethoxylate, Sulfobern- steinsäureester, Nonylphenolethoxylate, Polyoxyethylene/-propylene oder Natriumdo- decylsulfonate enthalten. Die Menge beträgt im allgemeinen 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-Teile, insbesondere 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-Teile auf 100 Gew.-Teile Polymer (fest).For a better wetting of surfaces, the pressure-sensitive adhesives, in particular wetting aids, z. As fatty alcohol ethoxylates, Alkylphenolethoxylate, sulfosuccinic, Nonylphenolethoxylate, polyoxyethylene / -propylenes or sodium dodecylsulfonate included. The amount is generally 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (solid).
Die Haftklebstoffe eignen sich zur Herstellung selbstklebender Artikel wie Etiketten, Folien oder Klebebänder. Der Haftklebstoff kann durch übliche Methoden, z. B. durch Rollen, Rakeln, Streichen etc. auf Träger, z. B. Papier oder Polymer-Folien, bevorzugt bestehend aus Polyethylen, Polypropylen, das biaxial oder monoaxial verstreckt sein kann, Polyethylenterephthalat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polystyrol, Polyamid oder Metall aufgebracht werden. Insbesondere eignen sich auch Träger mit unpolaren Oberflächen, z. B. aus Polyolefinen, insbesondere Polyethylen oder Polypropylen, da die erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen darauf gut haften.The pressure-sensitive adhesives are suitable for the production of self-adhesive articles such as labels, films or adhesive tapes. The pressure-sensitive adhesive can be prepared by conventional methods, for. B. by rolling, knife coating, brushing, etc. on carriers, eg. As paper or polymer films, preferably consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, which may be stretched biaxially or monoaxially, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide or metal are applied. In particular, carriers with non-polar surfaces, for. Example of polyolefins, especially polyethylene or polypropylene, since the dispersions of the invention adhere well.
Das Wasser kann bevorzugt durch Trocknung bei 50 bis 15O0C entfernt werden. Die Träger können vor oder nach dem Aufbringen des Klebstoffs zu Klebebändern, Etiketten oder Folien geschnitten werden. Zur späteren Verwendung kann die mit Haftklebstoff beschichtete Seite der Substrate, mit einem Releasepapier, z. B. mit einem siliko- nisierten Papier, abgedeckt werden.The water may preferably by drying at from 50 to 15O 0 C to be removed. The carriers can be cut into adhesive tape, labels or films before or after application of the adhesive. For later use, the pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated side of the substrates, with a release paper, z. For example, be covered with a silikon- nized paper.
Die erfindungsgemäßen selbstklebenden Artikel haben sehr gute Klebeeigenschaften, insbesondere eine gute Adhäsion zu den Substraten und eine hohe Kohäsion (innere Festigkeit in der Klebstoffschicht).The self-adhesive articles according to the invention have very good adhesive properties, in particular a good adhesion to the substrates and a high cohesion (internal strength in the adhesive layer).
Insbesondere eignen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Haftklebstoffe auch für transparente Träger, insbesondere auch für Folienetiketten, da das bei Einwirkung von Wasser hau-
fig auftretende sog. „Weißanlaufen" nicht auftritt, zumindest aber vermindert ist. Die anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften bleiben daher auch bei Einwirkung von Wasser gut, eine Trübung oder sonstige Verschlechterung des optischen Erscheinungsbildes ist nicht oder kaum zu beobachten.In particular, the pressure-sensitive adhesives according to the invention are also suitable for transparent carriers, in particular also for film labels, since this is the case when exposed to water. The performance characteristics therefore remain good even when exposed to water, turbidity or other deterioration of the visual appearance is difficult or impossible to observe.
Vergleichsbeispiel 1 (ohne hydrophile Monomere)Comparative Example 1 (without hydrophilic monomers)
In einem 4-Liter-Polymerisationsreaktor mit Ankerrührer und Heiz-/Kühleinrichtung wurde ein Gemisch aus 223,9 g entionisiertem Wasser und 18,2 g eines 33 gew.- %igen wässrigen Polymerlatex (hergestellt durch radikalisch initiierte Emulsionspolymerisation von Styrol) mit einem gewichtsmittleren Teilchendurchmesser Dw50 von 30 nm unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 85°C erhitzt. Dazu wurde bei vorgenannter Temperatur 10,3 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat gegeben. Nach 3 min wurde Zulauf 1 und Zulauf 2 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 3 h zudosiert.In a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heater / cooler, a mixture of 223.9 g deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33 wt% aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) with a weight average Particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere at 85 ° C heated. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature. After 3 minutes, feed 1 and feed 2 were started and metered in uniformly over 3 h.
Zulauf 1 (eine wässrige Emulsion)Feed 1 (an aqueous emulsion)
595,6 g entionisiertes Wasser595.6 g of deionized water
37,5 g einer 32 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylier- tes C12-C14 Na-sulfat)37.5 g of a 32% strength by weight aqueous solution of Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate)
4,1 g einer 58 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Lumiten I-SC (Bernsteinsäu reester)4.1 g of a 58% strength by weight aqueous solution of Lumiten I-SC (succinic acid ester)
825,0 g Ethylhexylacrylat825.0 g of ethylhexyl acrylate
267,0 g Ethylacrylat 24,0 g Styrol267.0 g of ethyl acrylate 24.0 g of styrene
60,0 g Methylacrylat.60.0 g of methyl acrylate.
24,0 g Acrylsäure24.0 g of acrylic acid
Zulauf 2 92,6 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat.Feed 2 92.6 g of a 7 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate.
Zulauf 3Inlet 3
12,2 g einer 25 gew.-%igen Ammoniak-Lösung und 24 g entionisiertes Wasser12.2 g of a 25 wt .-% ammonia solution and 24 g of deionized water
Zulauf 4Inlet 4
12,0 g einer 10 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von t-Butylhydroperoxid.12.0 g of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
Zulauf 5Inlet 5
16,0 g einer 12 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natrium-Acetondisulfit.16.0 g of a 12 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium acetone disulfite.
Zulauf 6Inlet 6
0,24 g Agitan LF 305.
Zulauf 70.24 g of Agitan LF 305. Inlet 7
60,0 g entionisiertes Wasser.60.0 g of deionized water.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 1 , 2 wurde 30 min. nachgerührt und anschließend mit Zulauf 3 pH gestellt.After the end of feeds 1, 2 was 30 min. stirred and then provided with feed 3 pH.
Anschließend wurden die Zuläufe 4 und 5 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 60 min. zudosiert.Then the feeds 4 and 5 were started and evenly over 60 min. added.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 4 und 5 wurden Zulauf 6 und Zulauf 7 zugesetzt.After the end of feeds 4 and 5, feed 6 and feed 7 were added.
Die Reaktorinnentemperatur wurde auf 25°C abgesenkt. Die erhaltene wässrige Polymerdispersion wies einen Feststoffgehalt von 53,6 Gew.-% auf. Die mittlere Teilchengröße betrug 178 nm.The internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C. The aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 53.6% by weight. The mean particle size was 178 nm.
Vergleichsbeispiel 2 (Hydroxyethylacrylat gleichmäßig zudosiert)Comparative Example 2 (hydroxyethyl acrylate uniformly metered in)
In einem 4-Liter-Polymerisationsreaktor mit Ankerrührer und Heiz-/Kühleinrichtung wurde ein Gemisch aus 223,9 g entionisiertem Wasser und 18,2 g eines 33 gew.- %igen wässrigen Polymerlatex (hergestellt durch radikalisch initiierte Emulsionspolymerisation von Styrol) mit einem gewichtsmittleren Teilchendurchmesser Dw50 von 30 nm unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 85°C erhitzt. Dazu wurde bei vorgenannter Temperatur 10,3 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat gegeben. Nach 3 min wurde Zulauf 1 und Zulauf 2 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 3 h zudosiert.In a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heater / cooler, a mixture of 223.9 g deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33 wt% aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) with a weight average Particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere at 85 ° C heated. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature. After 3 minutes, feed 1 and feed 2 were started and metered in uniformly over 3 h.
Zulauf 1 (wässrige Emulsion) 595,6 g entionisiertes WasserFeed 1 (aqueous emulsion) 595.6 g of deionized water
37.5 g einer 32 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylier- tes C12-C14 Na-sulfat)37.5 g of a 32% strength by weight aqueous solution of Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylated C 12 -C 14 Na sulfate)
4,1 g einer 58 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Lumiten I-SC (Bernsteinsäureester)4.1 g of a 58% strength by weight aqueous solution of Lumiten I-SC (succinic acid ester)
825,0 g Ethylhexylacrylat825.0 g of ethylhexyl acrylate
243,0 g Ethylacrylat 24,0 g Styrol243.0 g of ethyl acrylate 24.0 g of styrene
60,0 g Methylacrylat.60.0 g of methyl acrylate.
24,0 g Acrylsäure24.0 g of acrylic acid
24,0 g Hydroxyethylacrylat24.0 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate
Zulauf 2Inlet 2
92.6 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat.
Zulauf 392.6 g of a 7 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate. Inlet 3
12,2 g einer 25 gew.-%igen Ammoniak-Lösung und 24 g entionisiertes Wasser.12.2 g of a 25 wt .-% ammonia solution and 24 g of deionized water.
Zulauf 4 12,0 g einer 10 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von t-Butylhydroperoxid.Feed 4 12.0 g of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
Zulauf 5Inlet 5
16,0 g einer 12 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natrium-Acetondisulfit.16.0 g of a 12 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium acetone disulfite.
Zulauf 6Inlet 6
0,24 g Agitan LF 305.0.24 g of Agitan LF 305.
Zulauf 7Inlet 7
60,0 g entionisiertes Wasser.60.0 g of deionized water.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 1 , 2 wurde 30 min. nachgerührt und anschließend mit Zulauf 3 pH gestellt. Dann wurden die Zuläufe 4 und 5 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 60 min. zudosiertAfter the end of feeds 1, 2 was 30 min. stirred and then provided with feed 3 pH. Then the feeds 4 and 5 were started and evenly over 60 min. added
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 4 und 5 wurden Zulauf 6 und Zulauf 7 zugesetzt.After the end of feeds 4 and 5, feed 6 and feed 7 were added.
Die Reaktorinnentemperatur wurde auf 25°C abgesenkt. Die erhaltene wässrige Polymerdispersion wies einen Feststoffgehalt von 53,4 Gew.-% auf. Die mittlere Teilchengröße betrug 193 nm.The internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C. The aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 53.4% by weight. The mean particle size was 193 nm.
Beispiel 1 (Hydroxyethylacrylat in Stufe)Example 1 (hydroxyethyl acrylate in stage)
In einem 4-Liter-Polymerisationsreaktor mit Ankerrührer und Heiz-/Kühleinrichtung wurde ein Gemisch aus 223,9 g entionisiertem Wasser und 18,2 g eines 33 gew.- %igen wässrigen Polymerlatex (hergestellt durch radikalisch initiierte Emulsionspoly- merisation von Styrol) mit einem gewichtsmittleren Teilchendurchmesser Dw50 von 30 nm unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 85°C erhitzt. Dazu wurde bei vorgenannter Temperatur 10,3 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat gegeben.A mixture of 223.9 g of deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33% strength by weight aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) was carried in a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heating / cooling device a weight average particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere heated to 85 ° C. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature.
Zulauf 1 (eine wässrige Emulsion) 595,6 g entionisiertes WasserFeed 1 (an aqueous emulsion) 595.6 g of deionized water
37,5 g einer 32 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylier- tes C12-C14 Na-sulfat)37.5 g of a 32% strength by weight aqueous solution of Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate)
4,1 g einer 58 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Lumiten I-SC (Bernsteinsäureester) 825,0 g Ethylhexylacrylat 243,0 g Ethylacrylat 24,0 g Styrol
60,0 g Methylacrylat. 24,0 g Acrylsäure4.1 g of a 58% strength by weight aqueous solution of Lumiten I-SC (succinic acid ester) 825.0 g of ethylhexyl acrylate 243.0 g of ethyl acrylate 24.0 g of styrene 60.0 g of methyl acrylate. 24.0 g of acrylic acid
Der Zulauf 1 wird geteilt. Es bilden sich zwei Teilmengen:The inlet 1 is divided. There are two subsets:
Zulauf 1aInlet 1a
2/3 des Zulaufes 12/3 of the feed 1
Zulauf 1 b 1/3 des Zulaufes 1 mit zusätzlichen 24 g 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat.Feed 1 b 1/3 of feed 1 with an additional 24 g of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.
Zulauf 2Inlet 2
92,6 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat.92.6 g of a 7 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate.
Zulauf 3Inlet 3
12,2 g einer 25 gew.-%igen Ammoniak-Lösung und 24 g entionisiertes Wasser.12.2 g of a 25 wt .-% ammonia solution and 24 g of deionized water.
Zulauf 4Inlet 4
12,0 g einer 10 gew.-%igen wässrige Lösung von t-Butylhydroperoxid.12.0 g of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
Zulauf 5Inlet 5
16,0 g einer 12 gew.-%igen wässrige Lösung von Natrium-Acetondisulfit.16.0 g of a 12 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium acetone disulfite.
Zulauf 6 0,24 g Agitan LF 305.Feed 6 0.24 g of Agitan LF 305.
Zulauf 7Inlet 7
60,0 g entionisiertes Wasser.60.0 g of deionized water.
Nach 3 min Zugabe der Startermenge wurden Zulauf 1 a, (ohne Hydroxyethylacrylat ) und Zulauf 2 gestartet. Zulauf 1a (ohne HEA) wurde in 2h zudosiert Direkt im An- schluss an Zulauf 1 a (ohne HEA) wurde der Zulauf 1 b (mit HEA) gestartet und in 1 h zudosiert.After adding the amount of starter for 3 min, feed 1 a, (without hydroxyethyl acrylate) and feed 2 were started. Feed 1a (without HEA) was metered in over 2 hours Directly after feed 1 a (without HEA), feed 1 b (with HEA) was started and added in 1 h.
Während der beiden Zuläufe 1 a und 1 b wurde in 3 Stunden der Zulauf 2 (Starter) zudosiert.During the two feeds 1 a and 1 b, the feed 2 (starter) was added in 3 hours.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 1 a, 1 b und 2 wurde 30 min. nachgerührt. Danach mit Zulauf 3 pH gestellt. Anschließend wurden die Zuläufe 4 und Zulauf 5 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 60 min. zudosiert. Nach Ende der Zuläufe 4 und 5 wurden Zulauf 6 und Zulauf 7 zugesetzt.
Die Reaktorinnentemperatur auf 25°C abgesenkt. Die erhaltene wässrige Polymerdispersion wies einen Feststoffgehalt von 51 ,8 Gew.-% auf. Die mittlere Teilchengröße betrug 207 nm.After the end of the feeds 1 a, 1 b and 2 was 30 min. stirred. Then set with feed 3 pH. The feeds 4 and 5 were then started and evenly over 60 min. added. After the end of feeds 4 and 5, feed 6 and feed 7 were added. The internal temperature of the reactor lowered to 25 ° C. The aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 51.8% by weight. The mean particle size was 207 nm.
Vergleichsbeispiel 3 (Methacrylamid gleichmäßig zudosiert, keine Stufe)Comparative Example 3 (methacrylamide metered in evenly, no step)
In einem 4-Liter-Polymerisationsreaktor mit Ankerrührer und Heiz-/Kühleinrichtung wurde ein Gemisch aus 223,9 g entionisiertem Wasser und 18,2 g eines 33 gew.- %igen wässrigen Polymerlatex (hergestellt durch radikalisch initiierte Emulsionspoly- merisation von Styrol) mit einem gewichtsmittleren Teilchendurchmesser Dw50 von 30 nm unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 85°C erhitzt. Dazu wurde bei vorgenannter Temperatur 10,3 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat gegeben. Nach 3 min wurde Zulauf 1 und Zulauf 2 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 3 h zudosiert.A mixture of 223.9 g of deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33% strength by weight aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) was carried in a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heating / cooling device a weight average particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere heated to 85 ° C. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature. After 3 minutes, feed 1 and feed 2 were started and metered in uniformly over 3 h.
Zulauf 1 (wässrige Emulsion)Feed 1 (aqueous emulsion)
563,0 g entionisiertes Wasser563.0 g of deionized water
37,5 g einer 32 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylier- tes C12-C14 Na-sulfat)37.5 g of a 32% strength by weight aqueous solution of Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate)
4,1 g einer 58 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Lumiten I-SC (Bernsteinsäu reester)4.1 g of a 58% strength by weight aqueous solution of Lumiten I-SC (succinic acid ester)
819,0 g Ethylhexylacrylat819.0 g of ethylhexyl acrylate
267,0 g Ethylacrylat267.0 g of ethyl acrylate
24,0 g Styrol24.0 g of styrene
60,0 g Methylacrylat. 24,0 g Acrylsäure60.0 g of methyl acrylate. 24.0 g of acrylic acid
40,0 g Methacrylamid 15 %ig40.0 g of methacrylamide 15%
Zulauf 2Inlet 2
92,6 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat.92.6 g of a 7 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate.
Zulauf 3Inlet 3
12,2 g einer 25 gew.-%igen Ammoniak-Lösung und 24 g entionisiertes Wasser12.2 g of a 25 wt .-% ammonia solution and 24 g of deionized water
Zulauf 4 12,0 g einer 10 gew.-%igen wässrige Lösung von t-Butylhydroperoxid.Feed 4 12.0 g of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
Zulauf 5Inlet 5
16,0 g einer 12 gew.-%igen wässrige Lösung von Natrium-Acetondisulfit.16.0 g of a 12 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium acetone disulfite.
Zulauf 6Inlet 6
0,24 g Agitan LF 305.
Zulauf 70.24 g of Agitan LF 305. Inlet 7
60,0 g entionisiertes Wasser.60.0 g of deionized water.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 1 , 2 wurde 30 min. nachgerührt. Danach mit Zulauf 3 pH ge- stellt.After the end of feeds 1, 2 was 30 min. stirred. Then set with feed 3 pH.
Anschließend wurden die Zuläufe 4 und 5 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 60 min. zudosiert.Then the feeds 4 and 5 were started and evenly over 60 min. added.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 4 und 5 wurde Zulauf 6 und Zulauf 7 zugesetzt.After the end of feeds 4 and 5, feed 6 and feed 7 were added.
Die Reaktorinnentemperatur wurde auf 25°C abgesenkt. Die erhaltene wässrige Polymerdispersion wies einen Feststoffgehalt von 53,2 Gew.-% auf. Die mittlere Teilchengröße betrug 189 nm.The internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C. The aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 53.2% by weight. The mean particle size was 189 nm.
Beispiel 2 (Methacrylamid in Stufe)Example 2 (methacrylamide in stage)
In einem 4-Liter-Polymerisationsreaktor mit Ankerrührer und Heiz-/Kühleinrichtung wurde ein Gemisch aus 223,9 g entionisiertem Wasser und 18,2 g eines 33 gew.- %igen wässrigen Polymerlatex (hergestellt durch radikalisch initiierte Emulsionspoly- merisation von Styrol) mit einem gewichtsmittleren Teilchendurchmesser Dw50 von 30 nm unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 85°C erhitzt. Dazu wurde bei vorgenannter Temperatur 10,3 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat gegeben. Der Zulauf 1 wurde geteilt 1/2 und 1/2. Zu 1/2 von Zulauf 1 wurde Zugabe 1 hinzugefügt.A mixture of 223.9 g of deionized water and 18.2 g of a 33% strength by weight aqueous polymer latex (prepared by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of styrene) was carried in a 4-liter polymerization reactor with anchor stirrer and heating / cooling device a weight average particle diameter Dw50 of 30 nm under nitrogen atmosphere heated to 85 ° C. To this was added 10.3 g of a 7% strength by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate at the aforementioned temperature. Feed 1 was divided 1/2 and 1/2. To 1/2 of feed 1, addition 1 was added.
Zugabe 2 war 40 g Methacrylamid 15 %ig.Addition 2 was 40 g of methacrylamide 15%.
Nach 3 min wurden Zulauf 1 , (ohne Methacrylamid ) und Zulauf 2 gestartet. Zulauf 1 ohne MAM wurde in 1 ,5h zudosiert und Zulauf 2 wurde in 3h zudosiert. Direkt im Anschluß an Zulauf 1 ohne MAM wurde der Zulauf 1 mit MAM gestartet und in 1 ,5h zudosiert.After 3 minutes, feed 1 (without methacrylamide) and feed 2 were started. Feed 1 without MAM was metered in in 1, 5 h and feed 2 was added in 3 h. Immediately following feed 1 without MAM, feed 1 was started with MAM and metered in in 1.5 hours.
Zulauf 1 (wässrige Emulsion)Feed 1 (aqueous emulsion)
561 ,6 g entionisiertem Wasser 37,5 g einer 32 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylier- tes C12-C14 Na-sulfat)561.6 g deionized water 37.5 g of a 32% strength by weight aqueous solution of Disponil FES 77 (ethoxylated C12-C14 sodium sulfate)
4,1 g einer 58 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Lumiten I-SC (Bernsteinsäureester)4.1 g of a 58% strength by weight aqueous solution of Lumiten I-SC (succinic acid ester)
819,0 g Ethylhexylacrylat 267,0 g Ethylacrylat819.0 g of ethylhexyl acrylate 267.0 g of ethyl acrylate
24,0 g Styrol24.0 g of styrene
60,0 g Methylacrylat.
24,0 g Acrylsäure60.0 g of methyl acrylate. 24.0 g of acrylic acid
Zulauf 2Inlet 2
92,6 g einer 7 gew.-%igen wässrigen Lösung von Natriumperoxodisulfat.92.6 g of a 7 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate.
Zulauf 3Inlet 3
12,2 g einer 25 gew.-%igen Ammoniak-Lösung und 24 g entionisiertes Wasser12.2 g of a 25 wt .-% ammonia solution and 24 g of deionized water
Zulauf 4 12,0 g einer 10 gew.-%igen wässrige Lösung von t-Butylhydroperoxid.Feed 4 12.0 g of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
Zulauf 5Inlet 5
16,0 g einer 12 gew.-%igen wässrige Lösung von Natrium-Acetondisulfit.16.0 g of a 12 wt .-% aqueous solution of sodium acetone disulfite.
Zulauf 6Inlet 6
0,24 g Agitan LF 305.0.24 g of Agitan LF 305.
Zulauf 7Inlet 7
60,0 g entionisiertes Wasser.60.0 g of deionized water.
Nach Ende der Zuläufe 1 und 2 wurde 30 min. nachgerührt. Danach mit Zulauf 3 pH gestellt.After the end of feeds 1 and 2, 30 min. stirred. Then set with feed 3 pH.
Anschließend wurden die Zuläufe 4 und 5 gestartet und gleichmäßig über 60 min. zu- dosiert. Nach Ende der Zuläufe 4 und 5 wurden Zulauf 6 und 7 zugesetzt.Then the feeds 4 and 5 were started and evenly over 60 min. metered. After the end of feeds 4 and 5, feeds 6 and 7 were added.
Die Reaktorinnentemperatur wurde auf 25°C abgesenkt. Die erhaltene wässrige Polymerdispersion wies einen Feststoffgehalt von 52,9 Gew.-% auf. Die mittlere Teilchengröße betrug 185 nm.The internal reactor temperature was lowered to 25 ° C. The aqueous polymer dispersion obtained had a solids content of 52.9% by weight. The mean particle size was 185 nm.
Tabelle 1 : Zusammensetzung der PolymereTable 1: Composition of the polymers
Agitan LF 305 ist eine Mischung von Paraffinöl und nichtionogenen Emulgatoren. Agitan LF 305 is a mixture of paraffin oil and nonionic emulsifiers.
Anwendungstechnische PrüfungApplication testing
Die Haftklebstoffe wurden mit einem Spaltrakel, mit einer Spaltweite von 60 μm, direkt auf Polyesterfolie als Träger beschichtet und 3 Minuten bei 90oC getrocknet.The pressure-sensitive adhesives were coated with a doctor blade, with a gap width of 60 μm, directly onto polyester film as support and dried for 3 minutes at 90 ° C.
Durchführungexecution
Beurteilung: Das optische Erscheinungsbild wurde nach Noten von 0 bis 4 beurteilt:Assessment: The visual appearance was graded from 0 to 4:
0: keine Trübung 1 : sehr leichte Trübung 2: stärkere Trübung 3: starke Trübung0: no haze 1: very slight haze 2: more haze 3: severe haze
4: sehr starke Trübung4: very strong haze
ErgebnisseResults
Claims
1. Haftklebstoff, enthaltend eine durch Emulsionspolymerisation hergestellte wäss- rige Polymerdispersion, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer Monomere mit einer Hydroxylgruppe oder primären Aminogruppe (im nachfolgenden zusammenfassend kurz hydrophile Monomere genannt) enthält und das Polymer dadurch erhältlich ist, dass mehr als 70 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mischung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem PoIy- mer) bereits mehr als 50 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält1. Pressure-sensitive adhesive, comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization, characterized in that the polymer contains monomers having a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (hereinafter abbreviated to hydrophilic monomers) and the polymer is obtainable in that more than 70 wt. % of the hydrophilic monomers are supplied only when the polymerization mixture (mixture present in the polymerization vessel of monomers and already formed polymer) already contains more than 50% by weight of the total amount of the monomers
2. Haftklebstoff gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer zu mindestens 60 Gew. % aus sogenannten Hauptmonomeren, ausgewählt aus C1 bis C20 Alkyl(meth)acrylaten, Vinylestern von bis zu 20 C-Atome enthalten- den Carbonsäuren, Vinylaromaten mit bis zu 20 C-Atomen, ethylenisch ungesättigten Nitrilen, Vinylhalogeniden, Vinylethern von 1 bis 10 C Atome enthaltenden Alkoholen, aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit 2 bis 8 C Atomen und ein oder zwei Doppelbindungen oder Mischungen dieser Monomeren, aufgebaut ist.2. Pressure-sensitive adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer contains at least 60% by weight of so-called main monomers selected from C1 to C20 alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms, vinylaromatics with bis to 20 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinyl ethers containing from 1 to 10 C atoms alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 C atoms and one or two double bonds or mixtures of these monomers.
3. Haftklebstoff gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer zu mindestens 60 Gew. % aus C1 bis C20 Alkyl(meth)acrylaten aufgebaut ist.3. Pressure-sensitive adhesive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polymer is at least 60 wt.% Made up of C1 to C20 alkyl (meth) acrylates.
4. Haftklebstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadaurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hydrophilen Monomeren ausgewählt sind aus Hydroxyal- kyl(meth)acrylaten , (Meth)acrylamid oder deren Mischungen4. Pressure-sensitive adhesive according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydrophilic monomers are selected from hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylamide or mixtures thereof
5. Haftklebstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer insgesamt 0,1 bis 15 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren enthält.5. Pressure-sensitive adhesive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymer contains a total of 0.1 to 15 wt.% Of the hydrophilic monomers.
6. Haftklebstoff gemäß Anspruch einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer dadurch erhältlich ist, dass mehr als 90 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mischung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem Polymer) bereits mehr als 70 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält6. A pressure-sensitive adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is obtainable in that more than 90% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers are not added until the polymerization mixture (mixture of monomers and already formed polymer present in the polymerization vessel ) already contains more than 70% by weight of the total amount of the monomers
7. Haftklebstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymerisationsgemisch bei Beginn der Zugabe der mehr als 70 Gew. % (Anspruch 1 ). bzw. der mehr als 90 Gew. % (Anspruch 6) der hydrophilen Monomeren zu mindestens 60 Gew. % aus bereits entstandenem Polymer besteht7. Pressure-sensitive adhesive according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polymerization mixture at the beginning of the addition of more than 70 wt.% (Claim 1). or more than 90% by weight (claim 6) of the hydrophilic Monomers to at least 60 wt.% Of already formed polymer
8. Verwendung der Haftklebstoffe gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 zur Her- Stellung von selbstklebenden Artikeln.8. Use of the pressure-sensitive adhesives according to one of claims 1 to 7 for the production of self-adhesive articles.
9. Eine durch Emulsionspolymerisation hergestellte wässrige Polymerdispersion, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer Monomere mit einer Hydroxylgruppe oder primären Aminogruppe (im nachfolgenden zusammenfassend kurz hydrophile Monomere genannt) enthält und das Polymer dadurch erhältlich ist, dass mehr als 70 Gew. % der hydrophilen Monomeren erst zugeführt werden, wenn das Polymerisationsgemisch (im Polymerisationsgefäß vorliegende Mischung aus Monomeren und bereits entstandenem Polymer) bereits mehr als 50 Gew. % der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren enthält. 9. An aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization, characterized in that the polymer contains monomers having a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (hereinafter referred to briefly as hydrophilic monomers) and the polymer is obtainable in that more than 70 wt.% Of the hydrophilic monomers only be supplied when the polymerization mixture (present in the polymerization vessel mixture of monomers and already formed polymer) already contains more than 50 wt.% Of the total amount of monomers.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP07728142A EP2016144A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-16 | Pressure-sensitive adhesive with enhanced resistance to water-whitening |
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EP06113275 | 2006-04-28 | ||
EP07728142A EP2016144A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-16 | Pressure-sensitive adhesive with enhanced resistance to water-whitening |
PCT/EP2007/053677 WO2007125030A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-16 | Pressure-sensitive adhesive with enhanced resistance to water-whitening |
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US (1) | US20090163655A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2016144A1 (en) |
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WO2008125628A2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-23 | Basf Se | Method for the formation of organic pigments |
BRPI0911046B1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2019-01-08 | Basf Se | aqueous polymeric dispersion, process for the preparation and use thereof. |
CN102597023B (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2015-09-16 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Prepare the method for aqueous binding agent dispersion |
CN105295785A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2016-02-03 | 上海晶华胶粘新材料股份有限公司 | Water-based adhesive and preparation method thereof as well as adhesive tape and preparation method thereof |
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JP3640921B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-20 | クラリアントポリマー株式会社 | Synthetic resin emulsion, easily water-swellable pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising the same, and method for producing synthetic resin emulsion |
DE10229733A1 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-01-22 | Basf Ag | Pressure sensitive adhesives for carriers made of soft PVC |
US7375161B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2008-05-20 | Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Emulsion-type pressure sensitive adhesive and process for producing the same |
-
2007
- 2007-04-16 US US12/296,500 patent/US20090163655A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-16 CN CNA2007800154722A patent/CN101432377A/en active Pending
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