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EP1951346B1 - System for enabling operating modes on a multi-part medical appliance - Google Patents

System for enabling operating modes on a multi-part medical appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1951346B1
EP1951346B1 EP06762060.9A EP06762060A EP1951346B1 EP 1951346 B1 EP1951346 B1 EP 1951346B1 EP 06762060 A EP06762060 A EP 06762060A EP 1951346 B1 EP1951346 B1 EP 1951346B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage means
data storage
operating modes
data
respiratory
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Not-in-force
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EP06762060.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1951346A1 (en
Inventor
Olaf Schermeier
Marita Klafke
Andreas Otto
Gerd Wotha
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Draeger Medical GmbH
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Draeger Medical GmbH
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Publication of EP1951346A1 publication Critical patent/EP1951346A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3569—Range sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for activating operating modes on a multi-part medical device.
  • the operating modes are functions that are already implemented in the software of a medical device, such as an anesthetic or respirator, or are to be implemented at a future time.
  • an operating mode corresponds to a particular mechanical ventilation mode, such as NIV®; AutoFlow®, SmartCare®.
  • a user usually has to determine when acquiring appropriate medical devices, which operating, ie respiratory modes are available to him. If the requirement profile for the medical device changes, ie if additional ventilation modes are desired at a later time, or if existing ventilation modes prove to be no longer necessary, the corresponding software modification must hitherto be performed on the device itself. The provision of this service on site requires additional effort and expense.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved in terms of manageability in practical use system for activation of operating modes on a multi-part medical device, which are particularly associated with an individual patient.
  • a multi-part medical device consists of the basic device and one or more additional devices or accessories that are required for the operation of the medical device.
  • Additional devices for a basic device in the form of an anesthetic or respirator are, for example, ventilation hoses, respiratory masks, respiratory humidifiers, filters, measuring units, CO 2 absorbers, which are specifically patient-specific additional devices that are used for a specific patient and are generally disposed of after use ,
  • the activation of the operating modes takes place in such a way that, with proper mechanical connection of an additional device to the base unit of the data storage of the additional device with the readable data in the transmission and reception range of the reading unit of the basic unit for the wireless reading of the data from the data memory arrives.
  • the data memory is, in particular, a transponder, that is to say a receiving / transmitting unit which operates according to the query-response system.
  • An encoded interrogation signal received by the transponder by means of an antenna is decrypted and evaluated according to the identifier and possibly other information of the interrogating reader unit.
  • the data are also automatically decrypted and evaluated in the reading unit of the basic unit.
  • a time or a duration of the availability can be determined in each case, for example in the form of a time account managed for each activated operating mode, from which time units can be debited.
  • the data memory in the additional device can also be described in a special embodiment and the complementary reading unit in the basic unit with a Write unit for the, data storage combined.
  • the mechanically connectable to the basic unit accessory is a specific accessory, which is intended for single use and is already connected by the device user for the intended function of the medical device on the base unit.
  • the basic device in particular an anesthetic or respirator, is located in front of the mechanical connection of the additional device, so for example a breathing tube, a respiratory mask, a filter or a ventilation humidifier, in its basic configuration, that is certain optional operating modes are not yet unlocked. If the special additional device is then connected to a single use intended for an individual patient, then the operation of the specific operating modes specifically assigned to an individual patient is enabled for the duration of the connection to the basic device. If the specific accessory is removed from the base unit, the optional operating modes are no longer available. If the specific, patient-specific accessory is connected to a different basic device, for example, if the patient is on a different basic device, the optional operating modes may be available here.
  • a particular run time or duration of use may be associated with the attachment or accessory, after which the activation ceases, for example after a certain number of operating hours.
  • a patient-specific configuration of medical devices can be done.
  • the total cost of use can be recorded on a patient-specific basis based on the collected data without changing the handling of the devices.
  • FIG. 1 shows an anesthetic or ventilator in the region of a gas-conducting interface between the basic unit 1 and an additional unit 4 in the form of a breathing tube.
  • the breathing gas connection has an angle-variable male connector 10.
  • a sealing grommet 11 is connected as a female connector with the male connector 10.
  • a transponder has a digital electronic data memory 2 with an antenna 12, which is specially injected into the nozzle 11 so that its windings are directed perpendicular to the axis of the hose connection.
  • Another antenna 9 of a base unit-side reading unit 3, optionally combined with a writing unit, is mounted essentially perpendicular to the axis of the part of the breathing gas connection 13 fixedly connected to the basic unit 1.
  • the digital electronic data storage 2 contains information about the operating modes to be unlocked, such as ventilation modes, and information on how long these modes are enabled with the corresponding auxiliary device.
  • the data memory 2 is connected by gluing, welding or injection with the spout 11. After use, the breathing tube is disposed of together with the transponder.
  • the data in the data memory 2 are encrypted so that the information can not be manipulated.
  • the reading unit 3 in the basic unit 1 reads in the data via at least one or more antennas 9, decrypts them and evaluates them. Depending on the evaluation, the operating modes, especially ventilation modes, are activated in the medical device.
  • the reading unit 3 is connected to the electronics of the basic unit 1 via a line 5 connected.
  • the data in the data memory is coded by means of a code in the manufacture and the reading unit 3 is equipped with a symmetric key for the decoding of the data.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Freischaltung von Bedienungsmodi an einem mehrteiligen medizintechnischen Gerät. Bei den Bedienungsmodi handelt es sich um Funktionen, die in der Software eines medizintechnischen Gerätes, wie zum Beispiel eines Anästhesie- oder Beatmungsgerätes, bereits implementiert sind oder zu einem zukünftigen Zeitpunkt implementiert werden sollen. Ein Bedienungsmodus entspricht beispielsweise einem bestimmten maschinellen Beatmungsmodus, wie NIV®; AutoFlow®, SmartCare®. Ein Benutzer muss sich üblicherweise bei der Anschaffung entsprechender medizintechnischer Geräte festlegen, welche Bedienungs-, sprich Beatmungsmodi ihm zur Verfügung stehen sollen. Ändert sich das Anforderungsprofil an das medizintechnische Gerät, werden also zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt zusätzliche Beatmungsmodi gewünscht oder erweisen sich bereit vorhandene Beatmungsmodi als nicht mehr erforderlich, so muss bisher am Gerät selbst die entsprechende Softwaremodifikation vorgenommen werden. Die Erbringung dieser Serviceleistung vor Ort ist mit zusätzlichem Aufwand und Kosten verbunden.The invention relates to a system for activating operating modes on a multi-part medical device. The operating modes are functions that are already implemented in the software of a medical device, such as an anesthetic or respirator, or are to be implemented at a future time. For example, an operating mode corresponds to a particular mechanical ventilation mode, such as NIV®; AutoFlow®, SmartCare®. A user usually has to determine when acquiring appropriate medical devices, which operating, ie respiratory modes are available to him. If the requirement profile for the medical device changes, ie if additional ventilation modes are desired at a later time, or if existing ventilation modes prove to be no longer necessary, the corresponding software modification must hitherto be performed on the device itself. The provision of this service on site requires additional effort and expense.

Aus der DE 101 16 650 B4 ist es bekannt, über ein externes, separates Speichermedium in Form einer Chipkarte Bedienungsmodi freizuschalten oder zu sperren.From the DE 101 16 650 B4 It is known to enable or disable operating modes via an external, separate storage medium in the form of a chip card.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht in der Bereitstellung eines in Bezug auf die Handhabbarkeit im praktischen Einsatz verbesserten Systems zur Freischaltung von Bedienungsmodi an einem mehrteiligen medizintechnischen Gerät, welche insbesondere einem individuellen Patienten zugeordnet sind.The object of the invention is to provide an improved in terms of manageability in practical use system for activation of operating modes on a multi-part medical device, which are particularly associated with an individual patient.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erhält man mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen des Systems nach Anspruch 1 an.The solution of the problem is obtained with the features of claim 1. The dependent claims provide advantageous embodiments and further developments of the system Claim 1 to.

Ein mehrteiliges medizintechnisches Gerät besteht aus dem Grundgerät und einem oder mehreren Zusatzgeräten oder Zubehörteilen, die für den Betrieb des medizintechnischen Gerätes erforderlich sind. Zusatzgeräte für ein Grundgerät in Form eines Anästhesie- oder Beatmungsgerätes sind beispielsweise Beatmungsschläuche, Beatmungsmasken, Beatmungsanfeuchter, Filter, Messeinheiten, CO2-Absorber, welche speziell patientenindividuelle Zusatzgeräte sind, die für einen bestimmten Patienten zum Einsatz gelangen und im Allgemeinen nach dem Gebrauch entsorgt werden.A multi-part medical device consists of the basic device and one or more additional devices or accessories that are required for the operation of the medical device. Additional devices for a basic device in the form of an anesthetic or respirator are, for example, ventilation hoses, respiratory masks, respiratory humidifiers, filters, measuring units, CO 2 absorbers, which are specifically patient-specific additional devices that are used for a specific patient and are generally disposed of after use ,

Die Freischaltung der Bedienungsmodi erfolgt in der Weise, dass bei ordnungsgemäßem mechanischem Anschluss eines Zusatzgerätes an das Grundgerät der Datenspeicher des Zusatzgerätes mit den auslesbaren Daten in die Sende- und Empfangsreichweite der Leseeinheit des Grundgerätes für die drahtlose Auslesung der Daten aus dem Datenspeicher gelangt. Der Datenspeicher ist insbesondere ein Transponder, also eine Empfangs-Sendeeinheit, die nach dem Abfrage-Antwort-System arbeitet. Ein vom Transponder mittels einer Antenne empfangenes, codiertes Abfragesignal wird entschlüsselt und.nach der Kennung und gegebenenfalls anderen Informationen der abfragenden Leseeinheit ausgewertet. Daraufhin wird automatisch ein codiertes, selektiv für die abfragende Leseeinheit bestimmtes Antwortsignal mit den gewünschten Daten für freizuschaltende Bedienungsmodi und gegebenenfalls mit zusätzlichen patientenindividuellen Zusatzdaten drahtlos vom Transponder übertragen. Die Daten werden in der Leseeinheit des Grundgerätes ebenfalls automatisch entschlüsselt und ausgewertet.The activation of the operating modes takes place in such a way that, with proper mechanical connection of an additional device to the base unit of the data storage of the additional device with the readable data in the transmission and reception range of the reading unit of the basic unit for the wireless reading of the data from the data memory arrives. The data memory is, in particular, a transponder, that is to say a receiving / transmitting unit which operates according to the query-response system. An encoded interrogation signal received by the transponder by means of an antenna is decrypted and evaluated according to the identifier and possibly other information of the interrogating reader unit. Thereupon, a coded, selectively for the interrogating reading unit response signal with the desired data for unlocking operating modes and optionally with additional patient-specific additional data wirelessly transmitted from the transponder. The data are also automatically decrypted and evaluated in the reading unit of the basic unit.

Für die einzelnen freigeschalteten Bedienungsmodi im medizintechnischen Gerät kann jeweils ein Zeitpunkt oder eine Dauer der Verfügbarkeit festgelegt werden, beispielsweise in Form eines für jeden freigeschalteten Bedienungsmodus geführten ZeitKontos, von dem Zeiteinheiten abgebucht werden können.For the individual activated operating modes in the medical device, a time or a duration of the availability can be determined in each case, for example in the form of a time account managed for each activated operating mode, from which time units can be debited.

Der Datenspeicher im Zusatzgerät kann in einer speziellen Ausführungsform auch beschreibbar und die komplementäre Leseeinheit im Grundgerät mit einer Schreibeinheit für den,Datenspeicher kombiniert sein.The data memory in the additional device can also be described in a special embodiment and the complementary reading unit in the basic unit with a Write unit for the, data storage combined.

Speziell ist das mechanisch an das Grundgerät anschließbare Zusatzgerät ein spezifisches Zubehörteil, welches zur einmaligen Verwendung bestimmt ist und vom Gerätebenutzer ohnehin für die bestimmungsgemäße Funktion des medizintechnischen Gerätes am Grundgerät angeschlossen wird.Specifically, the mechanically connectable to the basic unit accessory is a specific accessory, which is intended for single use and is already connected by the device user for the intended function of the medical device on the base unit.

Das Grundgerät, insbesondere ein Anästhesie- oder Beatmungsgerät, befindet sich vor dem mechanischen Anschluss des Zusatzgerätes, also beispielsweise eines Beatmungsschlauches, einer Beatmungsmaske, eines Filters oder eines Beatmungsanfeuchters, in seiner Grundkonfiguration, das heißt bestimmte optionale Bedienungsmodi sind noch nicht freigeschaltet. Wird nun das spezielle Zusatzgerät zur einmaligen, für einen individuellen Patienten bestimmten Verwendung angeschlossen, so wird der Betrieb der bestimmten, speziell einem individuellen Patienten zugeordneten Bedienungsmodi für die Dauer des Anschlusses am Grundgerät freigeschaltet. Wird das spezifische Zusatzgerät wieder vom Grundgerät entfernt, so stehen die optionalen Bedienungsmodi nicht mehr zur Verfügung. Wird das spezifische, patientenindividuelle Zusatzgerät an einem anderen Grundgerät angeschlossen, zum Beispiel, wenn sich der Patient an einem anderen Grundgerät befindet, so stehen die optionalen Bedienungsmodi gegebenenfalls hier zur Verfügung. Optional kann eine bestimmte Laufzeit oder Benutzungsdauer mit dem Zusatzgerät oder Zubehörteil verbunden sein, wonach die Freischaltung erlischt, zum Beispiel nach einer gewissen Anzahl von Betriebsstunden. Somit kann eine patientenindividuelle Konfiguration von medizintechnischen Geräten erfolgen. Zusätzlich können aufgrund der erfassten Daten die Gesamtkosten der Nutzung patientenindividuell erfasst werden, ohne dass das Handling der Geräte verändert wird.The basic device, in particular an anesthetic or respirator, is located in front of the mechanical connection of the additional device, so for example a breathing tube, a respiratory mask, a filter or a ventilation humidifier, in its basic configuration, that is certain optional operating modes are not yet unlocked. If the special additional device is then connected to a single use intended for an individual patient, then the operation of the specific operating modes specifically assigned to an individual patient is enabled for the duration of the connection to the basic device. If the specific accessory is removed from the base unit, the optional operating modes are no longer available. If the specific, patient-specific accessory is connected to a different basic device, for example, if the patient is on a different basic device, the optional operating modes may be available here. Optionally, a particular run time or duration of use may be associated with the attachment or accessory, after which the activation ceases, for example after a certain number of operating hours. Thus, a patient-specific configuration of medical devices can be done. In addition, the total cost of use can be recorded on a patient-specific basis based on the collected data without changing the handling of the devices.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel wird mit Hilfe der einzigen, schematischen Figur erläutert, welche ein Anästhesie- oder Beatmungsgerät im Bereich einer gasführenden Schnittstelle zwischen dem Grundgerät 1 und einem Zusatzgerät 4 in Form eines Beatmungsschlauchs zeigt. Der Atemgasanschluss weist einen winkelveränderlichen männlichen Konnektor 10 auf. An diesem Konnektor 10 erfolgt der Anschluss des Beatmungsschlauches, indem eine dichtende Tülle 11 als weiblicher Konnektor mit dem männlichen Konnektor 10 verbunden wird.An exemplary embodiment is explained with the aid of the single, schematic figure, which shows an anesthetic or ventilator in the region of a gas-conducting interface between the basic unit 1 and an additional unit 4 in the form of a breathing tube. The breathing gas connection has an angle-variable male connector 10. At this connector 10 of the Connection of the breathing tube by a sealing grommet 11 is connected as a female connector with the male connector 10.

Ein Transponder weist einen digitalen elektronischen Datenspeicher 2 mit einer Antenne 12 auf, welche speziell so in die Tülle 11 eingespritzt ist, dass ihre Windungen senkrecht zur Achse des Schlauchanschlusses gerichtet sind. Eine weitere Antenne 9 einer grundgeräteseitigen Leseeinheit 3, gegebenenfalls kombiniert mit einer Schreibeinheit, ist im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Achse des fest mit dem Grundgerät 1 verbundenen Teiles des Atemgasanschlusses 13 angebracht. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich, dass bei ordnungsgemäß an das Grundgerät 1 angeschlossenem Zusatzgerät 4 in allen Positionen des winkelveränderlichen männlichen Konnektors 10 die Felder, die sich um die Antennen 9, 12 ausbilden, jeweils bezüglich der empfangenden Antenne eine Parallelkomponente aufweisen, so dass eine ausreichende induktive Kopplung für die drahtlose Übertragung von Signalen und Daten gegeben ist.A transponder has a digital electronic data memory 2 with an antenna 12, which is specially injected into the nozzle 11 so that its windings are directed perpendicular to the axis of the hose connection. Another antenna 9 of a base unit-side reading unit 3, optionally combined with a writing unit, is mounted essentially perpendicular to the axis of the part of the breathing gas connection 13 fixedly connected to the basic unit 1. In this way, it follows that when properly connected to the base unit 1 accessory 4 in all positions of the variable angle male connector 10, the fields that form around the antennas 9, 12, each with respect to the receiving antenna having a parallel component, so that a sufficient Inductive coupling for the wireless transmission of signals and data is given.

Der digitale elektronische Datenspeicher 2 enthält Informationen über die freizuschaltenden Bedienungsmodi, wie beispielsweise Beatmungsmodi, und Informationen, wie lange diese Modi mit dem entsprechenden Zusatzgerät freigeschaltet werden. Der Datenspeicher 2 ist durch Kleben, Schweißen oder Einspritzen mit der Tülle 11 verbunden. Nach Gebrauch wird der Beatmungsschlauch mitsamt Transponder entsorgt. Die Daten im Datenspeicher 2 sind so verschlüsselt, dass die Informationen nicht manipuliert werden können. Die Leseeinheit 3 im Grundgerät 1 liest die Daten über mindestens eine oder mehrere Antennen 9 ein, entschlüsselt sie und wertet sie aus. Je nach Auswertung werden die Bedienungsmodi, speziell Beatmungsmodi, im medizintechnischen Gerät freigeschaltet.The digital electronic data storage 2 contains information about the operating modes to be unlocked, such as ventilation modes, and information on how long these modes are enabled with the corresponding auxiliary device. The data memory 2 is connected by gluing, welding or injection with the spout 11. After use, the breathing tube is disposed of together with the transponder. The data in the data memory 2 are encrypted so that the information can not be manipulated. The reading unit 3 in the basic unit 1 reads in the data via at least one or more antennas 9, decrypts them and evaluates them. Depending on the evaluation, the operating modes, especially ventilation modes, are activated in the medical device.

Wird ein herkömmliches Zubehörteil angeschlossen, werden die zusätzlichen Funktionen am medizintechnischen Gerät nicht bereitgestellt. Neben den genannten Daten können weitere patientenindividuelle oder zusatzgerätindividuelle Informationen im Datenspeicher 2 abgelegt sein.If a conventional accessory is connected, the additional features on the medical device will not be provided. In addition to the data mentioned, further patient-specific or supplementary device-specific information can be stored in the data memory 2.

Die Leseeinheit 3 ist mit der Elektronik des Grundgerätes 1 über eine Leitung 5 verbunden.The reading unit 3 is connected to the electronics of the basic unit 1 via a line 5 connected.

Speziell sind die Daten im Datenspeicher mittels eines Codes bei der Herstellung codiert und ist die Leseeinheit 3 mit einem symmetrischen Schlüssel für die Decodierung der Daten ausgestattet.Specifically, the data in the data memory is coded by means of a code in the manufacture and the reading unit 3 is equipped with a symmetric key for the decoding of the data.

Claims (13)

  1. A system for enabling operating modes on a multipart medical device having a base device (1) and at least one connectable ancillary device (4) for the base device (1), wherein the ancillary device (4) is provided with a wirelessly readable data storage means (2) and the base device (1) is provided with a reading unit (3) for the data storage means (2), wherein the data storage means (2) contains information about operating modes of the device to be enabled and wherein upon established connection of the ancillary device (4) the data storage means (2) comes into transmission/receiving range of the reading unit (3) for the data reading of the information from the data storage means (2), the reading unit (3) reads the information and the corresponding operating modes are enabled.
  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data storage means (2) of the ancillary device (4) is provided with data associated with an individual patient, which data comprise at least an operating mode for the patient.
  3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the data storage means (2) of the ancillary device (4) is provided with data which are characteristic of the ancillary device (4), so that only operating modes characteristic of the ancillary device (4) are enabled in the medical device, in particular such operating modes which are associated with an individual patient.
  4. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base device (1) is an anaesthetic or respiratory device and the ancillary device (4) is a respiratory hose, a respiratory mask, a filter, a respiratory humidifier.
  5. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data storage means (2) is a transponder.
  6. The system according to claim 4 or 4 and 5, characterized in that the operating modes are software modules for respiratory methods of an anaesthetic or respiratory device.
  7. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reading unit (3) is combined with a writing unit and the data storage means (2) is writable.
  8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that subsequent to enabling an operating mode on the medical device the data storage means (2) has been written with data characteristic of the enabling.
  9. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the enabling of operating modes is effected for the duration of the connection of the ancillary device (4).
  10. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the enabling of operating modes is effected for a point in time defined in the data storage means (2) and/or a defined duration.
  11. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the data storage means (2) operating modes currently active in the medical device can be deactivated.
  12. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data in the data storage means (2) of the ancillary device (4) are encoded and the reading unit (3) is provided with a complementary, symmetrical key for the decoding of the data.
  13. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ancillary device (4) is constructed as disposable article for single use on a patient.
EP06762060.9A 2005-11-26 2006-06-16 System for enabling operating modes on a multi-part medical appliance Not-in-force EP1951346B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2006/005779 WO2007059810A1 (en) 2005-11-26 2006-06-16 System for enabling operating modes on a multi-part medical appliance

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EP1951346B1 true EP1951346B1 (en) 2013-12-04

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WO2007059810A1 (en) 2007-05-31
EP1951346A1 (en) 2008-08-06
US20080319426A1 (en) 2008-12-25
US8518025B2 (en) 2013-08-27

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