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EP1911734A1 - Prozess zur Hydrierung von Carbonsäuren und Derivaten zu Kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents

Prozess zur Hydrierung von Carbonsäuren und Derivaten zu Kohlenwasserstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1911734A1
EP1911734A1 EP06255162A EP06255162A EP1911734A1 EP 1911734 A1 EP1911734 A1 EP 1911734A1 EP 06255162 A EP06255162 A EP 06255162A EP 06255162 A EP06255162 A EP 06255162A EP 1911734 A1 EP1911734 A1 EP 1911734A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbons
reactor
hydrogen
carbon
carboxylic acid
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EP06255162A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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BP Oil International Ltd
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BP Oil International Ltd
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Application filed by BP Oil International Ltd filed Critical BP Oil International Ltd
Priority to EP06255162A priority Critical patent/EP1911734A1/de
Priority to BRPI0718081-0A2A priority patent/BRPI0718081A2/pt
Priority to EP07824013.2A priority patent/EP2069268B1/de
Priority to MYPI20091375A priority patent/MY155116A/en
Priority to CN200780037061.3A priority patent/CN101573312B/zh
Priority to CA2665304A priority patent/CA2665304C/en
Priority to AU2007303963A priority patent/AU2007303963B2/en
Priority to ES07824013.2T priority patent/ES2447066T3/es
Priority to PCT/GB2007/003757 priority patent/WO2008040973A1/en
Priority to US12/311,494 priority patent/US8742184B2/en
Priority to NZ575961A priority patent/NZ575961A/xx
Publication of EP1911734A1 publication Critical patent/EP1911734A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
    • C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/47—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of hydrogenation, more specifically to a process for the hydrogenation of a carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof to produce one or more hydrocarbons.
  • Liquid fuels such as gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel and aviation fuels, are major sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. In the main, they are derived from fossil fuels such as crude oil, natural gas and coal. Natural gas and coal, for example, can be converted to syngas through processes such as steam reforming or partial oxidation in which the syngas is subsequently converted into liquid hydrocarbon products by Fischer Tropsch synthesis. Crude oil is typically distilled into various fractions based on different boiling points in a refinery, which fractions can either be used as fuels directly, optionally with a suitable polishing treatment such as hydrotreating for sulphur removal, or can be converted into hydrocarbons suitable for use as fuels through processes such as cracking or reforming. On combustion of minerally-derived fuels, they contribute to increasing carbon-dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
  • biodiesel One type of biomass-derived fuel that is now being used for motor vehicles is biodiesel.
  • biodiesel comprises a blend of regular fossil fuel-derived diesel and a biological oil (bio-oil), typically a plant oil such as rapeseed, sunflower or corn oil.
  • bio-oil typically a plant oil such as rapeseed, sunflower or corn oil.
  • regular combustion engines may need modification before they can be used to burn such fuels.
  • bio-oils can be hydrotreating to yield hydrocarbons that are suitable for use as a diesel fuel, or as additives to diesel fuel, as described for example in US 5,702,722 .
  • biologically derived oils can be fed to a hydrotreater in a typical crude oil refinery as a co-feed with an existing refinery-derived hydrocarbon stream, such that the product comprises hydrocarbons derived both from refinery sources and biomass sources, as described by Baldauf & Balfanz in VDE Reports No 1126 (1994) pp153-168 .
  • a problem with feeding a bio-oil to existing refinery hydrotreating reactors and processes is that the bio-oil produces a greater quantity of liberated gas than is typically liberated from a regular refinery-derived hydrocarbon stream.
  • the concentration of carbon oxides produced in hydrotreating can be substantially higher with a bio-oil co-feed, which can create problems in the recycling of unreacted hydrogen and also in the removal of sulphur.
  • bio-oils can be converted into hydrocarbon fuels more efficiently, and with lower production of oxides of carbon. It would also be desirable for such' a process to be readily retrofitted to existing refinery processes.
  • the process of the present invention can be used to produce a hydrocarbon fuel from a carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof.
  • a fuel composition comprising hydrocarbons derived from the carboxylic acid and/or ester can be produced, for example diesel, gasoline or aviation fuel, which do not require any modifications to engines or combustion equipment.
  • a mixture of more than one carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof can be used.
  • the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof, or mixtures of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, is preferably chosen such that the boiling point characteristics and/or the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbons produced from the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof are in the same range as those of the target fuel.
  • diesel fuels typically comprise hydrocarbons having in the range of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof which produce hydrocarbons with numbers of carbon atoms in this range would be suitable.
  • a derivative of a carboxylic acid is a compound that can liberate the corresponding carboxylic acid when hydrolysed, for example an ester or an anhydride.
  • compounds comprising more than one carboxylate group, for example di-carboxylic acids, di-esters, or di- or triglycerides.
  • Fatty acids and/or their esters are also suitable, with general formula R 1 C(O)OH and/or R 1 C(O)O-R 2 , where R 1 and R 2 are typically hydrocarbon chains.
  • fatty acids and/or esters suitable for use in accordance with the present invention in the production of a diesel fuel include, for example, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, oleic, arachidic and erucic acids and/or esters thereof, wherein R 1 comprises 11, 13, 15, 17, 17, 17, 17, 19 and 21 carbon atoms respectively.
  • the fatty acids and/or esters thereof may have saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups.
  • Di- or tri-glycerides may comprise hydrocarbon chains derived from the same or different fatty acids.
  • the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof is derived from biomass, being a component for example of plant or animal-derived oil or fat.
  • Use of biologically-derived carboxylic acids and/or esters ensures that the resulting fuel composition has a lower net emission of atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to an equivalent fuel derived purely from mineral sources.
  • Suitable biological sources of carboxylic acids and/or esters include plant-derived oils, such as rapeseed oil, peanut oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, tall oil, corn oil, soybean oil and olive oil.
  • Animal oils or fats such as fish oil, lard, tallow, chicken fat, or milk and milk-derived products, are also suitable sources of fatty acids and/or esters, as are oils derived from microorganisms, for example microalgae. Waste oils, such as used cooking oils can also be used.
  • biological oils or fats comprising triglycerides with hydrocarbon groups having numbers of carbon atoms commensurate with hydrocarbons typically found in diesel fuel, and used.
  • the corresponding hydrocarbons so-obtained can be used as a diesel fuel, or alternatively blended or otherwise incorporated into diesel fuel from other sources, such as mineral-derived sources.
  • the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof is decomposed into one or more hydrocarbons, together with oxides of carbon (CO x ), which are believed to derive from the carboxyl group.
  • a product stream is removed from the reactor and fed to a flash separator, in which a vapour fraction comprising volatile components such as unreacted hydrogen and CO x are removed from a liquid fraction comprising the one or more hydrocarbons.
  • the CO x needs to be separated from the hydrogen. This is typically difficult and complex to achieve. It has now been found that by controlling the reaction conditions, the quantity of CO x produced in the process can be controlled.
  • the hydrogen pressure is regulated to control the CO x concentration in the vapour fraction of the flash separator.
  • the formation of CO x is hindered, by increasing the extent of deoxygenation by decarboxylation via equation I and/or by increasing the rate of reduction of CO 2 and CO by equations III and IV.
  • decreasing the molar ratio of carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof compared to hydrogen also results in lower CO x concentrations in the flash separator vapour fraction.
  • the CO x concentrations in the vapour fraction of the flash separator can be maintained at below a pre-determined concentration by varying one or more of the reaction temperature, the hydrogen partial pressure in the reactor, and the mole ratio of the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof to hydrogen in the reactor.
  • the pre-determined concentration of CO x in the vapour fraction of the flash separator is 1 wt% or below, such as 0.1wt% or below.
  • the concentration is 500ppm or below, such as 100ppm or below.
  • low CO x concentrations are achievable, they may not be completely eliminated, and may still be present at concentrations of 0.1ppm or above.
  • the process of the present invention can be used in the co-hydrogenation of a carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof with a hydrocarbon-containing stream.
  • Hydrocarbon-containing streams such as those produced in a crude oil refinery, are typically hydrogenated by processes such as hydrotreating or hydrocracking to remove heteroatom-containing compounds, such as nitrogen or sulphur-containing compounds, which can otherwise cause harmful emissions when a fuel is combusted.
  • the concentration of CO x in the vapour fraction can be determined by various techniques, for example chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography, or by optical techniques such as infrared or nearinfrared spectroscopy. These can optionally be used in an on-line configuration.
  • Hydrotreating or hydrocracking is typically carried out at temperatures in the range of from 200 to 430°C and pressures in the range of from 20 to 200 bara (2 to 20 MPa).
  • the severity of the conditions depends on the nature of the hydrocarbon-containing process stream being fed to the reactor, and the nature of the desired fuel product.
  • hydrotreating conditions are employed, in which reaction temperatures in the range of from 200 to 410°C are maintained, preferably in the range of from 320°C to 410°C, and typical reaction pressures in the range of from 20 to 200 bara (2 to 20 MPa) preferably from 50 to 200 bara (5 to 20 MPa) are maintained.
  • Conditions are preferably maintained in the reactor such that almost complete conversion of the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof is achieved, for example greater than 90wt% conversion, preferably greater than 95% conversion.
  • the hydrogenation reaction in the reactor may be catalysed or uncatalysed, preferably catalysed.
  • Suitable catalysts include those comprising one or more of Pd, Pt, Ni, Ru, Cu, Co, Cr, Mo and W, for example catalysts comprising Ni or Co in combination with Mo.
  • the catalyst is typically supported on a support such as zirconia, titania or gamma-alumina, preferably gamma alumina. Such catalysts are suitable for both hydrotreating and hydrocracking, depending on the reaction conditions.
  • the process operates under conditions typically used for hydrotreating, in which sulphur-containing compounds are hydrogenated to produce hydrogen sulphide, which is removed from the resulting hydrocarbon-containing product stream in the flash separator.
  • Hydrotreating conditions are preferred over harsher conditions, as used for example in hydrocracking, as less cracking of the one or more hydrocarbons derived from the carboxylic acid and or ester thereof tends to occur.
  • sulphur compounds such as mercaptans, thiophenes, benzothiophenes and sulphides are hydrogenated to form hydrogen sulphide, which separates from the liquid hydrocarbons derived from the process via the vapour fraction of the flash separator.
  • H 2 S is stripped from the vapour fraction using a liquid amine, and unreacted hydrogen is recycled back to the reactor.
  • a further disadvantage of the presence of CO x is.that.it can build up in the recycle gas, and requires a purge to prevent it building up in the reactor. The purge stream will inevitably also contain hydrogen, which lowers the hydrogen efficiency of the process.
  • increased concentrations of COx in the reactor can-lower hydrogen partial pressures in the reactor and increase the risk of uncontrolled methanation reactions.
  • the presence of CO in particular can additionally allow the production of toxic nickel carbonyl when nickel-containing catalysts are used.
  • a further consequence of minimising the formation of CO x is that methane production is reduced, and the yields of desired fuel hydrocarbons are improved.
  • the liquid fraction from the flash separator is typically fed to a further separation unit, for example a fractionation or distillation unit, to separate the hydrocarbon mixture into various fuel fractions, comprising, for example, propane and butane, gasoline, diesel or kerosene.
  • a further separation unit for example a fractionation or distillation unit, to separate the hydrocarbon mixture into various fuel fractions, comprising, for example, propane and butane, gasoline, diesel or kerosene.
  • the process is co-hydrotreatment of a biological fatty acid or ester thereof with a fuel hydrocarbon precursor stream derived from a crude oil refinery, which typically comprises middle distillate hydrocarbons which boil at temperatures typically in the range of from 150 to 400°C, and having carbon atom numbers typically in the range of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • a crude oil refinery typically comprises middle distillate hydrocarbons which boil at temperatures typically in the range of from 150 to 400°C, and having carbon atom numbers typically in the range of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • the triglyceride is used so that minimal processing of the oil before being fed to a hydrotreater is required.
  • the biological fatty acid and/or ester thereof can be used to produce a fuel, such as a diesel fuel or aviation fuel.
  • a fuel such as a diesel fuel or aviation fuel.
  • the fuel hydrocarbon precursor stream is a straight-run fraction from a crude distillation unit, although it may be mixed with hydrocarbons produced by other refinery processes, such as steam cracking and/or hydrocracking of heavier crude fractions, which produce hydrocarbons in a similar boiling range to that of the straight-run fraction.
  • the fuel hydrocarbon precursor stream comprises alkanes, olefins and/or one or more heteroatom-containing compounds.
  • the heteroatom-containing compounds are sulphur-containing compounds such as sulphides, thiophenes, benzothiophenes and mercaptans.
  • the sulphur content of the fuel hydrocarbon precursor stream is typically 200ppm or more, such as 0.1 % by weight or more, for example in the range of from 0.2 to 2% by weight, expressed as elemental sulphur.
  • Olefins may be present at typically at concentrations above 0.01wt%, and may be present at concentrations up to 20% by weight, for example up to 10% by weight or up to 5% by weight.
  • the fuel hydrocarbon precursor stream is preferably derived from a straight run crude oil refinery stream that is suitable for producing diesel fuel and/or kerosene, preferably diesel fuel.
  • Sulphur concentrations remaining in the hydrocarbon-containing liquid fraction of the flash separator are typically less than 200ppm expressed as elemental sulphur. Furthermore, olefins concentrations are typically lower than 1wt%, for example 0.1wt% or less.
  • the liquid fraction comprises hydrocarbons resulting from the hydrotreated fuel hydrocarbon precursor stream, and also one or more hydrocarbons resulting from the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof. Typically, the liquid fraction is subsequently fractionated to separate components into various fuel fractions.
  • a biological oil or fat 1 and a middle distillate stream from a refinery 2 are fed to reactor 3 containing a fixed bed of hydrotreating catalyst 4. Hydrogen is fed to the reactor through line 5.
  • a product stream is removed from the reactor through line 6 and fed to a flash separator 7, in which a vapour fraction 8 comprising unreacted hydrogen, light hydrocarbons such as methane and propane, water, hydrogen sulphide and CO x , is separated from a liquid fraction 12 comprising hydrogenated middle distillate hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons derived from the biological oil or fat.
  • the vapour fraction is optionally fed to a hydrogen sulphide separator 9 comprising an amine which absorbs H 2 S and also some carbon dioxide and water. Amine is removed for regeneration 10 and separation of hydrogen sulphide. The remainder of the vapour fraction, comprising predominantly hydrogen is recycled back to the reactor via lines 11 and 5.
  • the liquid fraction 12 of the flash separator is fed to a fractionation column 13, wherein a fraction 14 comprising gasoline components and light hydrocarbons, and gases is removed from the top, a heavy fraction 16 comprising diesel components is removed from the base, and optionally, a kerosene fraction 15 typically suitable for use as aviation fuel is removed from an intermediate region of the column.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP06255162A 2006-10-06 2006-10-06 Prozess zur Hydrierung von Carbonsäuren und Derivaten zu Kohlenwasserstoffen Ceased EP1911734A1 (de)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06255162A EP1911734A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2006-10-06 Prozess zur Hydrierung von Carbonsäuren und Derivaten zu Kohlenwasserstoffen
NZ575961A NZ575961A (en) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Simultaneously deoxygenation and desulphurisation process for producing hydrocarbons from feedstocks containing carboxylic acids / esters and sulfur compounds
CN200780037061.3A CN101573312B (zh) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 将羧酸及其衍生物加氢制备成烃的方法
EP07824013.2A EP2069268B1 (de) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Verfahren zur hydrierung von carbonsäuren und derivaten zu kohlenwasserstoffen
MYPI20091375A MY155116A (en) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Process for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and derivatives to hydrocarbons
BRPI0718081-0A2A BRPI0718081A2 (pt) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Processo para a hidrogenação de ácidos carboxílicos e derivados para hidrocarbonetos
CA2665304A CA2665304C (en) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Process for hydro genation of carboxylic acids and derivatives to hydrocarbons
AU2007303963A AU2007303963B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Process for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and derivatives to hydrocarbons
ES07824013.2T ES2447066T3 (es) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Procedimiento para la hidrogenación de ácidos carboxílicos y derivados hasta hidrocarburos
PCT/GB2007/003757 WO2008040973A1 (en) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Process for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and derivatives to hydrocarbons
US12/311,494 US8742184B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Process for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and derivatives to hydrocarbons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP06255162A EP1911734A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2006-10-06 Prozess zur Hydrierung von Carbonsäuren und Derivaten zu Kohlenwasserstoffen

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EP1911734A1 true EP1911734A1 (de) 2008-04-16

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EP06255162A Ceased EP1911734A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2006-10-06 Prozess zur Hydrierung von Carbonsäuren und Derivaten zu Kohlenwasserstoffen
EP07824013.2A Revoked EP2069268B1 (de) 2006-10-06 2007-10-04 Verfahren zur hydrierung von carbonsäuren und derivaten zu kohlenwasserstoffen

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US (1) US8742184B2 (de)
EP (2) EP1911734A1 (de)
CN (1) CN101573312B (de)
AU (1) AU2007303963B2 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0718081A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2665304C (de)
ES (1) ES2447066T3 (de)
MY (1) MY155116A (de)
NZ (1) NZ575961A (de)
WO (1) WO2008040973A1 (de)

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US8043600B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2011-10-25 Haldor Topsøe A/S Hydrotreatment process

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US8377288B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2013-02-19 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Methods and units for mitigation of carbon oxides during hydrotreating
US8366907B2 (en) 2010-08-02 2013-02-05 Battelle Memorial Institute Deoxygenation of fatty acids for preparation of hydrocarbons
US8785709B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2014-07-22 University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. Catalytic isomerisation of linear olefinic hydrocarbons
CN103102968B (zh) * 2011-11-10 2014-10-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种多产优质柴油的蜡油加氢处理方法
FR2994191B1 (fr) 2012-08-02 2015-06-05 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede d'hydrotraitement et d'hydroisomerisation de charges issues de la biomasse dans lequel l'effluent a hydrotraiter et le flux d'hydrogene contiennent une teneur limitee en monoxyde de carbone
US9162938B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2015-10-20 Chevron Lummus Global, Llc Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils to hydrocarbons
US9024096B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2015-05-05 Lummus Technology Inc. Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils
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CN112457878B (zh) * 2020-11-28 2024-07-02 浙江工业大学 一种基于废弃油脂加氢脱氧制备第二代生物柴油的装置及工艺

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US8742184B2 (en) 2014-06-03
WO2008040973A1 (en) 2008-04-10
AU2007303963B2 (en) 2013-01-10
AU2007303963A1 (en) 2008-04-10
CN101573312B (zh) 2014-09-17
MY155116A (en) 2015-09-15
EP2069268B1 (de) 2013-12-11
WO2008040973A8 (en) 2009-06-04
EP2069268A1 (de) 2009-06-17
NZ575961A (en) 2012-08-31
CA2665304A1 (en) 2008-04-10
US20100036183A1 (en) 2010-02-11
AU2007303963A2 (en) 2009-05-14
BRPI0718081A2 (pt) 2014-04-15
ES2447066T3 (es) 2014-03-11
AU2007303963A8 (en) 2009-05-14
CA2665304C (en) 2014-12-02
CN101573312A (zh) 2009-11-04

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