EP1908863B1 - Heddle for Jacquard loom - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heddle, which is particularly suitable for a Jacquard loom.

Jacquard weaving machine usually use healds, which are suspended resiliently at one end. At the other end of the heald a cord, the so-called harness cord, which leads to a jacquard loom. This exerts on the cords a defined train, whereby the strands can be moved individually and independently. To the details of the jacquard looms is on the DE 101 24 022 A1 directed. This type of Litzenbetätigung comes at working speeds of modern looms to their limits. In order to keep the strand under control, it is necessary to keep up with growing Speed increasingly stronger springs are used. This burdens the jacquard machines unnecessarily. In addition, the possibility to use stronger springs, set limits due to the limited space.

For example with the CH-PS-631 755 has already been proposed to produce a heddle made of plastic, said heald was not intended for Jacquard machines, but for use on Webschäften having two mutually parallel Litzentragschienen on which the healds are held at their end loops with play. The heald known from the cited document has a plastic body into which a lug is inserted to form a thread eye. The mandrel is formed by a ring-shaped body made of a material that is harder than the plastic. At its outer periphery, this body has a circumferential, flat groove, in which engages the plastic body. In addition, the plastic body engages over the edges of the Maillons to secure it form-fitting.

Such healds are not directly suitable for jacquard weaving in which the healds between the harness cord and the spring are constantly stretched.

Furthermore, with the EP 0 403 429 A1 and the US 5 052 446 proposed a heald for use on Webschäften having two Litzentragschienen where the healds sit with their ends. The healds can slide freely on the heddle rails, ie they have a high lateral mobility. The healds can therefore avoid the warp threads between them, which limits the friction between warp threads and healds. From known heddles consist of a plastic-fiber composite material. To form the same, a hose mesh is embedded in a plastic matrix. The hose mesh is covered by the plastic. To form a thread eye, a mail piece is inserted into the strand body thus formed.

Both at from the CH 631 755 as well as from the EP 0 403 429 A1 and the US 5 052 446 known heald strand body is thickened in the region of the muzzle, which extend straight thigh away from this thickened area. The transition from the leg to the thickened thread eye region is formed by a short ramp-like section. At this particular wear, ie material removal occur when warp threads on the strand along. If fibers of the plastic-fiber composite material are exposed as a result of the wear, then the reinforcing fibers protruding from the plastic body can damage warp threads.

In addition, the disclosed EP 0947620 A1 a heald consisting of a flattened wire-like element. To form an eye, this element is provided with a longitudinal slot which is bounded by two legs. The legs are spread apart and hold between each other an eye.

Due to the spreading of the legs creates a thickening on the eye, which is connected via ramp-like transitions to the heald body. The length of the ramp corresponds approximately to the length of the eye.

On this basis, it is an object of the invention to provide an appropriate for the jacquard weaving improved strand.

This object is achieved with the stranded wire according to claim 1:

The strand according to the invention has a strand body consisting of a plastic body in which non-metallic fibers are embedded. The thread eye is formed by a Maillon, which consists of a material whose hardness is greater than the hardness of the plastic. The Maillon is embedded in the plastic body. The peculiarity lies in the strand body made of plastic, which has a ramp section in the transition between the legs and the thread eye portion whose length measured in the leg direction is at least twice as large as the height of the thread opening measured in the same direction.

With this measure, a particularly shallow transition between the small, preferably round cross-section of the leg and the larger, flattened cross-section of the thread eye region is achieved. Warp threads, which run along the leg, the ramp section and the thread eye portion along, thus exert only a small pressure on the plastic surface of the strand. The strand wear is kept within manageable limits or avoided. The risk that by the removal of the upper plastic layer gradually reinforcing fibers are exposed, which can then damage the warp threads, is low, or eliminated.

It is possible to embed the fibers as short fibers in the plastic, in which case they have no particular preferred orientation need to have. The flat rise of the ramp section allows this, although often results in only a very small coverage of the fibers through the plastic.

It is considered advantageous to use long fibers, which are preferably oriented in the leg direction and do not extend transversely to the leg or thread eye. This type of fiber arrangement is based for example on the embedding of nonwoven fibers, for example so-called rovings in the plastic. The fibers then have a preferred orientation to one another, with all the fibers being oriented substantially parallel to one another. Lower deviations from the parallelism arise at most in the area of the ramp section. The enclosed by the fibers with each other acute angle is at most as large as the acute angle formed by the ramp section itself. Immediately adjacent to the mandrel, the fibers thereof may be arranged to deviate from the circumferential direction of the mail. However, this is limited to an inner region of the plastic body, which is never exposed even with heavy wear and material removal.

Preferably, the cross section of the legs is round, with a radius of curvature R1. The ramp section and the thread eye section are preferably likewise rounded on their narrow sides. This preferably corresponds to a rounding radius R2 and R3, which corresponds in each case to the rounding radius R1. The cross section of the ramp portion and the flattened portion is preferably formed oval, wherein it is bounded by two opposite straight line pieces parallel to each other and two opposing circular arcs. This results in a uniform curvature of the lateral Edges or surfaces which face the warp threads running between the strands.

The strands are made of a suitable plastic, for example a thermoplastic, but preferably a thermosetting plastic that can be hardened. This can be formed, for example, by a two-component plastic, for example an epoxy resin. There are heat curable two-component plastics, ultraviolet curable plastics or chemically activated two-component plastics usable. The Maillon is preferably used before the solidification of the plastic in the heald body and thereby connected to this material and form fit. An adhesive is not required to attach the mailbox. The strand according to the invention can be produced by injection molding or by injection molding. Preferably, continuous reinforcing fibers are provided which extend from one leg across the mandrel into the other leg. For the preparation of the fiber strand used is first soaked with a not yet cured plastic. In this fiber strand, the maillon is used at the desired location. The strand is given its final shape by insertion and possibly compression in a mold and is cured, for example by heat or ultraviolet radiation.

The one end of the strand is preferably shaped so that it can easily be connected to a harness cord. For this purpose, the end of the heddle body is formed for example as an eyelet or as a hook. Other forms suitable for connecting a harness cord are possible. The second opposite End of the strand body can also be configured, if there is a cord to be connected there. If a pull-down spring is to be connected, the plastic can also be designed so that a hook or a thread is formed, onto which the end of the pull-down spring is to be screwed.

The ramp section forms a smooth transition between the small cross section of the leg and the larger cross section of the Litzenauges. It can be designed as a straight line piece or S-shaped. Preferably, it is at least 10 mm long. In most preferred embodiments, the length of the ramp section is larger and may be up to 30 mm.

Developments of the invention are directed to a strand with a Maillon, which forms not only the thread eye, but also, at least parts of the outer surface of the strand. For example, the mail may be enlarged to an elongated part, which has the thread eye and additional attachment possibilities for the strand formed from the fibers or the plastic material. In a preferred embodiment of this enlarged Maillon receives the ramped portions of the strand and, for example, on the narrow sides or on the flat sides arranged longitudinal grooves which receive the relevant part or leg of the plastic body. In addition, it is possible to form the Maillon as a center piece of the strand body with connection options for the two legs. The connection possibilities can be formed by openings through which the fibers of the plastic leg extend.

Suitable reinforcing fibers are glass fibers, aramid fibers, protein fibers or carbon fibers. The fiber reinforcement gives the strands a rigidity which makes it possible to use them in jacquard machines.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Litze in vereinfachter Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform des Endes der Litze nach Fig.1,

Fig. 3

den Fadenaugenbereich der Litze nach Fig.1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 4

den Fadenaugenbereich der Litze nach Fig.1 in Schnittdarstellung, geschnitten entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig.1,

Fig. 5

den Rampenabschnitt der Litze nach Fig.1 in Schnittdarstellung, geschnitten entlang der Linie V-V in Fig.1,

Fig. 6

den Schenkel der Litze nach Fig.1, geschnitten entlang der Linie VI-VI in Fig.1,

Fig. 7

ein Ende eines Schenkels der Litze nach Fig.1 in Verbindung mit einer angeschlossenen Feder,

Fig. 8

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Litze in ausschnittsweiser Seitenansicht,

Fig. 9

die Litze nach Fig.8, geschnitten am Fadenauge entlang der Linie IX-IX,

Fig. 10

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Weblitze nach Fig.8, geschnitten am Fadenauge entlang der Linie IX-IX,

Fig. 11

eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Litze in ausschnittsweiser Seitenansicht und

Fig. 12

die Litze nach Fig.11, geschnitten an der Linie XII-XII.

Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the drawing, the description or claims. Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention are explained. The description is limited to the explanation of essential aspects of the invention and other facts, with modifications being possible. Smaller, not described details, the expert can refer to the drawings in the usual way, which supplement the description of the figures so far. The following drawings are not to scale. To illustrate the essential details, it may be that certain areas are exaggerated in size. Show it:

Fig. 1

a strand according to the invention in a simplified side view,

Fig. 2

a modified embodiment of the end of the strand after Fig.1 .

Fig. 3

the thread eye area of the strand after Fig.1 in an enlarged view,

Fig. 4

the thread eye area of the strand after Fig.1 in section, cut along the line IV-IV in Fig.1 .

Fig. 5

the ramp section of the strand after Fig.1 in section, cut along the line VV in Fig.1 .

Fig. 6

follow the leg of the strand Fig.1 , cut along the line VI-VI in Fig.1 .

Fig. 7

one end of a leg of the strand following Fig.1 in conjunction with a connected spring,

Fig. 8

a modified embodiment of the strand according to the invention in a sectional side view,

Fig. 9

the strand after Figure 8 cut on the thread eye along the line IX-IX,

Fig. 10

a modified embodiment of the heald after Figure 8 cut on the thread eye along the line IX-IX,

Fig. 11

a further embodiment of the strand according to the invention in a sectional side view and

Fig. 12

the strand after fig.11 , cut on the line XII-XII.

In Fig. 1 a stranded wire 1 is illustrated for a Jacquard weaving machine. The strand 1 has a strand body 2 with two preferably straight and mutually aligned legs 3, 4, which include a thread eye portion 5 and ramp sections 6, 7 between each other. The legs 3, 4 may have the same or different diameters and cross sections. Preferably, they have a round cross-section, as it is for example in Fig. 6 is illustrated by the cross section of the leg 4. The leg 4 is substantially cylindrical and its circular cross-section has a radius R1.

The ends of the legs 3, 4 are adapted for connection to other devices, such as harness cords or tension springs. For example, ends the upper end of the leg 3 in a hook 8. Alternatively, it may in an example of Fig. 2 apparent eyelet 9 ends. The lower end of the leg 4 may also be formed as a hook or eye. In the preferred case, however, it carries a thread 10, such as in Fig. 7 is indicated, can be screwed to the end of a tension spring 11.

The thread eye portion 5 includes a mandrel 12, as for example Fig. 3 can be seen. The mandrel is formed by an annular body of a hard, wear-resistant material, such as ceramic. The ceramic may be a sintered ceramic, a reaction ceramic, an oxide ceramic or the like. In addition, the mandrel 12 may consist of a cermet, a hard metal, a hardened steel ring or the like. It has a thread guide opening 13, which may be elliptical or oval. As Fig. 4 illustrates is the Opening 13 of the mail 12 preferably rounded and free of sharp edges. It has, measured in the longitudinal direction of the legs 3, 4 preferably a height which is greater than its width measured transversely thereto.

On its outer circumference, the mandrel 12 defines an all-round channel into which the heddle body 2 engages. The thread eye portion 5 has an oval cross-section. This is formed by two mutually parallel edges 14, 15 in the form of straight flat Abschuiften, which are connected at the ends by arcs 16, 17. The arcs 16, 17 have a radius of curvature R2, which preferably coincides with the rounding radius R1.

The edges 16, 17 each follow a circular arc. They result in side cross-section of the lateral flanks 18,19 Fadenangebereides 5 in the section line IV-IV. The flanks 18, 19 are there cutouts of a cylinder jacket. In the Fig. 1 visible flanks 18, 19 are oriented parallel to each other.

The two ramp sections 6, 7 may be the same or as shown differently formed with respect to their length. It is preferably in a range between 10 and 30 mm, while the distance of the flanks 18, 19 from each other is smaller than 10 mm in most cases. The ramp sections 6, 7 have a length that is greater, preferably significantly greater, than the height of the thread guide opening 13 to be measured in the same direction. The length of the ramp sections 6, 7 is at least twice as long, optimally at least three times as large like the height of the thread opening 13.

The ramp areas 6, 7 preferably have a constant in Fig. 1 perpendicular to the plane, ie in the direction of the thread guide opening 13, to be measured thickness. The transverse to the thread guide opening 13 to be measured width of the ramp portion 6 and 7, however, increases starting from the legs 3 and 4 to the thread eye portion 5 towards. The ramp sections 6, 7 smoothly connect both to the legs 3, 4 and to the thread guide section 5. Fig. 5 illustrates a section of the ramp section 7 at the section line VV. The FIGS. 5 and 6 stand on the same scale. It can be seen that the ramp sections 6, 7 have on their flanks 20, 21 a curvature R3 which coincides with the curvature R1 and R2 ( Fig. 4 is drawn on a different scale as the FIGS. 5 and 6 ).

The body 2 of the strand 1 is a plastic body which, like the Fig. 1-6 suggest reinforcing fibers 22 for reinforcement. These run substantially parallel to a longitudinal direction, which is predetermined by the legs 3, 4 and connects the eyelet 8 with the thread 10. The fibers 22 are preferably long fibers, which are all oriented in the longitudinal direction. An exception to the orientation in the longitudinal direction is how Fig. 3 shows, if necessary, in the area of the ramp sections 6, 7 and the thread eye portion 5. The reinforcing fibers 22 here circulate the Maillon 12. However, the fibers are oriented here also substantially in the longitudinal direction. In any case, no fiber is arranged transversely. The fibers 22 are embedded in the plastic and covered by this. The plastic is for example an epoxy resin or another thermosetting plastic. Alternatively, a thermoplastic Plastic used. The Maillon 12 is embedded in the plastic body and connected to this materially. The compound is made without additional adhesive by the Maillon is used in the initially uncured plastic, after which the plastic cures.

The fibers 22 may be glass fibers, mineral fibers, carbon fibers or proteinaceous fibers, e.g. be in the form of spider silk.

Due to the small acute angle between the flanks 21, 20 of preferably less than 20 degrees ensures that the occurring wear of the plastic layer on the flanks 18, 19, 20, 21 remains relatively low and the existing threads barely exposed even after removal of the plastic layer become. The longitudinal orientation of all the fibers ensures that even if a portion of the covering plastic layer is removed, the fibers 22 remain intact and the tensile strength of the stranded wire 1 continues to be ensured. In addition, by deliberately avoiding any transverse fibers, it is ensured that the warp threads running along the possibly uncovered fibers are not damaged.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a modified and optimized with respect to the use of aggressive warp yarns, such as Armidfasern, stranded la. This in turn has legs 3, 4, for which the above description applies accordingly. Again, the ramp sections 6, 7 are significantly longer than the longitudinal extension of the thread guide opening 13 of the mail 12. However, both the ramp sections 6, 7 and the thread eye section 5 are formed, by enlarging the maillon to an oblong part. This contains on the one hand the thread guide opening 13, as well as projections on the other hand, which form the ramp sections 6, 7. In these can, as in particular from Fig. 9 shows, grooves 23, 24 may be formed through which legs 25, 26 of the plastic body 2 extend.

The legs 25, 26 connect, as from the FIGS. 8 and 9 shows the legs 3, 4 together and hold the Maillon 12 between each other. They thus constitute a part of the heddle body 2. Preferably, the reinforcing fibers 22 extend from one leg 3 to the other leg 4, passing either through the leg 25 or through the leg 26. The legs 25, 26 are substantially embedded in the grooves 23, 24 and thus protected by the hard material of the mail 12 against damage by the abrasive warp threads.

In a modified embodiment, corresponding grooves 23a, 23b, 24a, 24b according to FIG. 10 provided between which webs 27, 28 project the Maillons 12. The webs 27, 28 form formed on the mandrel 12 longitudinally extending ribs that form start-up or contact surfaces for the passing on the strands warp threads. In the grooves 23a, 23b, 24a, 24b are in turn corresponding portions of the heddle body 2, which hold as Maillon 12 positive and cohesive.

A further modified embodiment of a stranded wire 1b from the FIGS. 11 and 12 seen. Here, the mandrel 12 independently forms the ramp sections 6, 7 and the thread eye section 5. The legs 3, 4 are on the Maillon 12 connected. For this purpose, this has recesses with fastening openings 29 at its narrow ends remote from the thread eye 13. In this extension 30 of the leg 3 or 4 may extend into, wherein the plastic including the fibers can enforce the mounting holes 29. This strand can be produced in particular by injection molding. The mounting holes 29 and recesses provided at the ends of the mailbox serve to anchor the injection molding compound. The strand is produced by placing the mailbox in the injection molding machine and then overmolding it.

For this and for the other embodiments applies that the plastic body 2 and the legs 3, 4 may optionally also be made of a plastic, which instead of continuously extending reinforcing fibers short fibers, so-called whiskers. The result in terms of the load capacity of the strand is then slightly lower, and it is sufficient for some applications.

An inventive strand for Jacquard machines consists essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein the thread eye is formed by a Maillon 12. The heddle body has two legs 3, 4. Between the relatively wide thread eye portion 5 and the legs 3, 4 ramp portions 6, 7 are provided, the length of which is greater than the length of the thread eye 13. Preferably, the length is greater than twice the longitudinal extension of the thread eye. It is in most cases between 10 and 30 mm. By this measure, the wear of the plastic in the vicinity of the thread eye 13 is kept so low that neither damage the stiffening in the plastic body Fibers 22 is still to be feared damage to the warp threads.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Litz, 1a, 1b

2

heald

3

leg

4

leg

5

Thread eye section

6

ramp section

7

ramp section

8th

hook

9

eyelet

10

thread

11

mainspring

12

Maillon

13

Thread guide opening

14

edge

15

edge

16

arc

17

arc

18

flank

19

flank

20

flank

21

flank

22

fibers

23

Groove, 23a, 23b

24

Groove, 24a, 24b

25

leg

26

leg

27

web

28

web

29

fastening opening

30

extension

Claims (19)

1. Heald (1, 1a, 1b) for a Jacquard loom,
   with a heald body (2), and a mail (12), which has a thread opening (13) and is embedded into the heald body (2),
   wherein the heald body (2):

   • has legs (3, 4) that have a round cross-section and extend away from the mail (12)

   • has a flattened cross-section on a thread eye section (5) surrounding the mail (12), and

   • in the transition area from the thread eye section (5) to the leg (3, 4) has a ramp section (6, 7), the cross-section of which is flattened and increases from the leg (3, 4) towards the thread eye section (5),

   characterised in that the length of the ramp sections (6, 7) measured in the longitudinal direction of the leg is respectively at least double the size of the height of the thread opening (13) measured in the same direction, that the heald body is made of plastic, into which non-metallic fibres (22) are embedded, and that the mail is made of a material with a hardness greater than the hardness of the plastic.
2. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the leg (3, 4) has a radius of curvature (R1), and that the cross-section of the flattened region has a radius of curvature (R2).
3. Heald according to claim 2, characterised in that the radius of curvature (R1) of the leg is the same as the radius of curvature (R2 or R3) of the ramp section (6, 7) or the thread eye section (5).
4. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the ramp section (6, 7) or the thread eye section (5) is oval in configuration such that it is defined by two opposing, straight, mutually parallel linear pieces (14, 15) and two circular arcs (16, 17) located opposite one another.
5. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the plastic is a curable thermosetting plastic.
6. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the plastic is a thermoplastic.
7. Heald according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the mail (12) is inserted into the heald body (2) before solidification of the plastic and is secured without adhesive.
8. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the fibres (22) are long fibres, which are oriented solely along the heald body (2).
9. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that fibres (22) are short fibres.
10. Heald according to claim 9, characterised in that the fibres (22) are arranged randomly in the heald body (2).
11. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the mail (12) has at least one section, which forms the ramp section (6, 7).
12. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the heald body (2) extends through at least one groove (23), which is configured on the mail (12).
13. Heald according to claim 12, characterised in that the groove (25) of the mail (12) receives the respective leg (25) of the heald body (2).
14. Heald according to claim 13, characterised in that the leg (25) of the heald body (2) is enclosed by the groove (23) of the mail (12).
15. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the mail (12) is made of glass, aluminium oxide, ceramic, hard metal or highly hardenable steel.
16. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the fibres are glass, aramid, carbon fibres or protein-based fibres.
17. Heald according to claim 1, characterised in that the heald body (2) is interrupted on the mail (12) and the legs (3, 4) are fastened to the mail (12).
18. Heald according to claim 17, characterised in that the mail respectively has at least one fastening opening (29) for connection of a leg (3, 4).
19. Jacquard harness with a heald according to one of the preceding claims.

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