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EP1889699A2 - Device for separating waste parts of workpieces in saws, in particular an optimising chopsaw and method using such a device - Google Patents

Device for separating waste parts of workpieces in saws, in particular an optimising chopsaw and method using such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1889699A2
EP1889699A2 EP20070015927 EP07015927A EP1889699A2 EP 1889699 A2 EP1889699 A2 EP 1889699A2 EP 20070015927 EP20070015927 EP 20070015927 EP 07015927 A EP07015927 A EP 07015927A EP 1889699 A2 EP1889699 A2 EP 1889699A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
workpieces
parts
roller
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20070015927
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1889699A3 (en
EP1889699B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Schmid
Georg Dr. Reinbold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grecon Dimter Holzoptimierung Sud GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Grecon Dimter Holzoptimierung Sud GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grecon Dimter Holzoptimierung Sud GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Grecon Dimter Holzoptimierung Sud GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL07015927T priority Critical patent/PL1889699T3/en
Priority to SI200731137T priority patent/SI1889699T1/en
Publication of EP1889699A2 publication Critical patent/EP1889699A2/en
Publication of EP1889699A3 publication Critical patent/EP1889699A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1889699B1 publication Critical patent/EP1889699B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B31/00—Arrangements for conveying, loading, turning, adjusting, or discharging the log or timber, specially designed for saw mills or sawing machines
    • B27B31/08—Discharging equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/202—With product handling means
    • Y10T83/2092—Means to move, guide, or permit free fall or flight of product
    • Y10T83/2094—Means to move product at speed different from work speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/202—With product handling means
    • Y10T83/2092—Means to move, guide, or permit free fall or flight of product
    • Y10T83/2198—Tiltable or withdrawable support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for sorting waste parts of workpieces on saws, preferably on optimizing chop saws, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for sorting out waste parts of workpieces on saws according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • the invention has the object of providing the generic device and the generic method in such a way that the rejection of the waste parts can be performed with high performance and accuracy.
  • the workpiece parts separated by the saw are accelerated away from the saw area by means of the acceleration roller, so that successive sawed-off workpiece parts can be transported rapidly one after the other through the device.
  • the acceleration ensures that the workpiece particles are conveyed reliably.
  • the device has a conveyor track 1, on which the workpieces 2 to be sawn are fed to a saw 3.
  • the conveyor track 1 is formed by adjacent transport rollers 4, which are freely rotatably mounted about horizontal axes.
  • the feed roller 6 is a measuring wheel 5 downstream, which is like the feed rollers 6, 11, 12 rotatable about a horizontal axis.
  • the measuring wheel 5 has a larger diameter than the feed roller 6 and is not driven.
  • the feed rollers 6, 11, 12 are rotatably driven by a respective drive 9.
  • the drives 9 can be operated independently.
  • the feed rollers 6, 11, 12 are adjusted so that they rest on the workpiece 2, so that it can be reliably fed to the conveyor track 1 of the saw 3.
  • the saw 3 has a (not shown) saw blade, which is moved in the embodiment from bottom to top during the sawing process.
  • the saw blade dips into a housing 10, under which the workpiece 2 moves through.
  • the saw 3 is provided in front of and behind the saw blade, each with a feed roller 11, 12 which are rotatably driven about mutually parallel horizontal axes.
  • Both feed rollers 11, 12 advantageously have the same diameter and, like the feed roller 6, can advantageously be adjusted to the thickness of the workpieces 2.
  • Below the feed rollers 11, 12 are further transport rollers 13 on which the workpieces 2 can be reliably transported.
  • the hold-down 14 In the transport direction of the workpieces 2 behind the saw 3 is at least one hold-down 14 which holds down the sawn workpiece parts during removal by an endlessly circulating sorting belt 15.
  • the saw 3 facing the end of the blank holder 14 is formed obliquely upward, so that the sawn workpiece parts 2 'reliably under the Downholder 14 arrive.
  • the hold-down 14 is plate-shaped and can be adjusted in height transversely to the sorting belt 15. It is also possible to adjust the hold-down 14 parallel to the sorting belt 15. In this way, the hold-down 14 can be optimally adjusted to the workpiece parts 2 'to be transported.
  • the hold-down 14 is provided on a support device 16, on which the drives for height and / or transverse adjustment of the hold-down 14 are provided.
  • two sorting rollers 17, 18 are present in the embodiment, which can be adjusted independently of each other in height.
  • actuating cylinders 19, 20 are provided on the support device 16, with which the sorting rollers 17, 18 can be adjusted to the desired extent.
  • the sorting rollers 17, 18 protrude through openings in the holding-down device 14.
  • the setting cylinders 19, 20 By actuating the setting cylinders 19, 20, the sorting rollers 17, 18 are moved down to rest on the sawn-off workpiece part 2 '.
  • the saw 3 adjacent pulleys 22 for the sorting belt 15 can be adjusted in the transport direction of the workpieces 2.
  • the waste chute 21 is closed by the sorting belt 15. Due to the adjustability of the pulleys 22, the waste chute 21 can be opened partially or completely, so that in the manner to be described manner sawn waste pieces behind the saw 3 can fall into the refuse chute 21.
  • the adjustability of the pulleys 22 of the sorting belt 15 is known and therefore will not be described in detail.
  • the sorting belt 15 is driven continuously during operation of the sawing device. With the sorting belt 15, the sawn-off workpiece parts 2 'are further transported, in particular fed to a sorting device, with which the workpiece parts 2' are sorted taking into account their length.
  • the workpieces 2 are marked before the sawing process with regard to defects. This can be done manually, for example using chalk marks, but also be made automatically by scanning devices. When running the workpieces 2 in the sawing these marks are detected by a corresponding reading device and entered into the control of the device. This makes it possible to saw the workpiece 2 thus detected at the markings and to sort out the good parts 2 'by means of the sorting belt 15 and to sort out the waste parts 2 "by opening the refuse chute 21. The corresponding settings are made automatically with the aid of the control.
  • the method sequence will be explained by way of example with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the conveyor track 1 with the transport rollers 4 is preceded by a (not shown) transport device, which is advantageously formed by an endless circulating conveyor belt on which the workpieces of the feed roller 6 are supplied. It detects the workpieces 2 and leads them to the subsequent saw 3.
  • the workpiece 2 is taken over by the two feed rollers 11, 12 associated with the saw 3, which are rotatably driven and transport the workpiece 2 into the desired position.
  • the drive of the feed rollers 11, 12 is interrupted, thus positioning the workpiece 2 in the saw 3. Subsequently, the saw cut is made at the cutting position.
  • Fig. 2 shows the case that the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'has only a small length. It is transported by the feed roller 11 from the saw 3 under the hold-down 14.
  • the feed roller 11 adjacent sorting roller 18 is extended downward and pressed onto the workpiece part 2 '. It is thereby pressed against the sorting belt 15 and accelerated.
  • the pressure on the workpiece part 2 ' is just set so large that it is reliably detected by the continuously driven sorting belt 15.
  • the acceleration of the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'on the continuously rotating at constant speed sorting belt 15 may for example be up to 250 m / min.
  • the time until the take-up of the workpiece part 2' on the sorting belt 15 does not depend on friction factors, such as part weight, surface structure and the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows the case that the refuse chute 21 is partially opened by the corresponding guide rollers 22 have been moved back for the sorting belt 15. This movement of the guide rollers 22 can be done even before the sawing process, since before entering the workpiece 2 in the sawing device, the cutting positions at which must be sawn, have been read into the controller. On the basis of this read data, the corresponding adjustments of the machine parts can be made.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'is longer than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2. The workpiece part 2' is so long that, despite partially opened waste chute 21, it reaches the sorting belt 15 and does not fall into the opened waste chute 21.
  • the sorting roller 17 lying away from the feed roller 11 is pressed by means of the adjusting cylinder onto the workpiece part 2', which is carried along by the sorting belt 15 and specifically accelerated in the manner described.
  • Fig. 4 shows the case that a waste part 2 "containing a defect is sawn in the saw 3. After it has first been positioned relative to the saw blade by means of the feed rollers 11, 12 and then sawn off, it is replaced by the one after the sawing process again driven feed roller 11 is transported and falls into the open refuse chute 21. The sorting belt 15 is only moved back so far that the waste part 2 "can fall into the refuse chute 21.
  • the waste chute 21 can be opened very early, without the risk that the workpiece part 2' accidentally falls into the waste chute 21.
  • the drop movement takes place in the waste chute 21 with the assistance of blown air, for which purpose at least one blow nozzle 23 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is provided on the carrying device 16, during which a sorting process takes place short compressed air surge exits, which supports the waste part 2 "in its falling motion.
  • the blowing nozzle 23 is located in the region between the feed roller 11 and the adjacent sorting roller 18. This waste part 2 "can be sorted out at high speed, since the previously transported good part 2 'transported faster by the acceleration and the waste chute 21 can be opened earlier accordingly.
  • the waste chute 21 can remain open, for example, if the good part 2 to be subsequently sawed is 'is so long that, despite its open waste chute 21 with its front end in the transport direction on the sorting belt 15 and is still detected with its rear end of the feed roller 11. As soon as the feed roller 11 rotatably driven and the corresponding sorting roller 17, 18 on the Good part 2 'are pressed, the sawed good part 2' over the opening area of the refuse chute 21 away transported.
  • the sorting rollers 17, 18 are moved by the adjusting cylinders 19, 20 at each good part 2 'down and pressed on the Good part 2'. Immediately thereafter, the actuating cylinders 19, 20 drive the sorting roller 17, 18 back, so that the subsequent workpiece part 2 'can reliably reach under the downholder 14.
  • the deflection rollers 22 of the sorting belt 15 is advantageously carried out by means of a servo motor, with which the sorting belt 15 and its corresponding guide roller 22 for opening and closing the waste chute 21 can be positioned.
  • waste chute it is also possible to sort out the waste parts 2 ", to use other sorting facilities, such as slides that push off the corresponding waste part 2" from the sorting belt 15 transversely.
  • the corresponding slide can be operated pneumatically, hydraulically, electrically and the like. This sorting process can be done very quickly.
  • the good parts 2 ' which have no defects, are accelerated away in the manner described after the sawing process by means of the sorting roller 17, 18 on the sorting belt 15 of the saw 3.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)

Abstract

Device for extracting waste components from workpieces (2) in saws (3) comprises at least one transport device for the sawed workpiece parts arranged downstream of at least one saw blade, and at least one accelerating roller (18) for the sawed workpiece parts arranged behind the saws in the transport direction of the workpiece. An independent claim is also included for a process for extracting waste components from workpieces in saws using the above device. Preferred Features: The accelerating roller is moved against the sawed workpiece part by a drive (20) in the form of an actuating piston. The drive is provided on a support device for at least one holding-down device (14).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Aussortieren von Abfallteilen von Werkstücken an Sägen, vorzugsweise an Optimierungskappsägen, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Aussortieren von Abfallteilen von Werkstücken an Sägen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 13.The invention relates to a device for sorting waste parts of workpieces on saws, preferably on optimizing chop saws, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for sorting out waste parts of workpieces on saws according to the preamble of claim 13.

Es ist bekannt, Fehler an Holzwerkstücken zu markieren und anhand dieser Markierungen die Fehlstellen aus den Holzwerkstücken durch Sägen zu entfernen. Die Abfallteile werden aussortiert, während die Gutteile weitergefördert und sortiert werden.It is known to mark defects on wooden workpieces and to remove the defects from the wood workpieces by sawing using these markings. The waste parts are sorted out, while the good parts are further promoted and sorted.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das gattungsgemäße Verfahren so auszubilden, daß das Aussortieren der Abfallteile mit hoher Leistung und Genauigkeit durchgeführt werden kann.The invention has the object of providing the generic device and the generic method in such a way that the rejection of the waste parts can be performed with high performance and accuracy.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei der gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und beim gattungsgemäßen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 13 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention in the generic device with the characterizing features of claim 1 and in the generic method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 13.

Die von der Säge abgetrennten Werkstückteile werden mittels der Beschleunigungsrolle beschleunigt vom Sägenbereich weggefördert, so daß aufeinanderfolgende, jeweils abgesägte Werkstückteile rasch nacheinander durch die Vorrichtung transportiert werden können. Die Beschleunigung sorgt dafür, daß die Werkstückteilchen zuverlässig weitergefördert werden.The workpiece parts separated by the saw are accelerated away from the saw area by means of the acceleration roller, so that successive sawed-off workpiece parts can be transported rapidly one after the other through the device. The acceleration ensures that the workpiece particles are conveyed reliably.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the other claims, the description and the drawings.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
in perspektivischer Darstellung eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,
Fig. 2
die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in Vorderansicht, deren Abfallschacht vollständig geschlossen ist,
Fig. 3
in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 2 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, deren Abfallschacht teilweise geöffnet ist,
Fig. 4
in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 2 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, in deren teilweise geöffneten Abfallschacht ein abgesägtes Holzstück fällt,
Fig. 5
in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 2 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, in deren geöffneten Abfallschacht ein längeres Holzstück fällt.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1
in a perspective view of a device according to the invention,
Fig. 2
1 in front view, the waste chute is completely closed,
Fig. 3
2 shows the device according to the invention, whose waste chute is partially open, in a representation corresponding to FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
in a representation corresponding to FIG. 2, the device according to the invention, in whose partially opened waste chute a sawn piece of wood falls,
Fig. 5
in a representation corresponding to FIG. 2, the device according to the invention, in the open waste chute a longer piece of wood falls.

Die Vorrichtung hat eine Förderbahn 1, auf der die zu sägenden Werkstücke 2 einer Säge 3 zugeführt werden. Die Förderbahn 1 wird durch nebeneinander liegende Transportrollen 4 gebildet, die um horizontale Achsen frei drehbar gelagert sind. Oberhalb der Förderbahn 1 befinden sich Vorschubrollen 6, 11, 12, die vorzugsweise höhenverstellbar sind, so daß sie auf unterschiedlich dicke Werkstücke 2 eingestellt werden können. Der Vorschubrolle 6 ist ein Meßrad 5 nachgeschaltet, das wie die Vorschubrollen 6, 11, 12 um eine horizontale Achse drehbar ist. Das Meßrad 5 hat größeren Durchmesser als die Vorschubrolle 6 und wird nicht angetrieben. Die Vorschubrollen 6, 11, 12 werden durch jeweils einen Antrieb 9 drehbar angetrieben. Die Antriebe 9 können unabhängig voneinander betätigt werden. Die Vorschubrollen 6, 11, 12 werden so eingestellt, daß sie auf dem Werkstück 2 aufliegen, so daß dieses zuverlässig auf der Förderbahn 1 der Säge 3 zugeführt werden kann.The device has a conveyor track 1, on which the workpieces 2 to be sawn are fed to a saw 3. The conveyor track 1 is formed by adjacent transport rollers 4, which are freely rotatably mounted about horizontal axes. Above the conveyor track 1 are feed rollers 6, 11, 12, which are preferably adjustable in height, so that they can be adjusted to workpieces 2 of different thicknesses. The feed roller 6 is a measuring wheel 5 downstream, which is like the feed rollers 6, 11, 12 rotatable about a horizontal axis. The measuring wheel 5 has a larger diameter than the feed roller 6 and is not driven. The feed rollers 6, 11, 12 are rotatably driven by a respective drive 9. The drives 9 can be operated independently. The feed rollers 6, 11, 12 are adjusted so that they rest on the workpiece 2, so that it can be reliably fed to the conveyor track 1 of the saw 3.

Die Säge 3 hat ein (nicht dargestelltes) Sägeblatt, das im Ausführungsbeispiel von unten nach oben während des Sägevorganges bewegt wird. Das Sägeblatt taucht in ein Gehäuse 10 ein, unter dem sich das Werkstück 2 hindurchbewegt.The saw 3 has a (not shown) saw blade, which is moved in the embodiment from bottom to top during the sawing process. The saw blade dips into a housing 10, under which the workpiece 2 moves through.

Die Säge 3 ist vor und hinter dem Sägeblatt mit jeweils einer Vorschubrolle 11, 12 versehen, die um zueinander parallele horizontale Achsen drehbar angetrieben sind. Beide Vorschubrollen 11, 12 haben vorteilhaft gleichen Durchmesser und können ebenso wie die Vorschubrolle 6 vorteilhaft auf die Dicke der Werkstücke 2 eingestellt werden. Unterhalb der Vorschubrollen 11, 12 befinden sich weitere Transportrollen 13, auf denen die Werkstücke 2 zuverlässig transportiert werden können.The saw 3 is provided in front of and behind the saw blade, each with a feed roller 11, 12 which are rotatably driven about mutually parallel horizontal axes. Both feed rollers 11, 12 advantageously have the same diameter and, like the feed roller 6, can advantageously be adjusted to the thickness of the workpieces 2. Below the feed rollers 11, 12 are further transport rollers 13 on which the workpieces 2 can be reliably transported.

Es ist auch möglich, die Tisch- bzw. Transportrollen anzutreiben und die oberen Rollen 6, 11, 12 nur als Druckrollen zu benutzen. Es ist ferner möglich, sowohl die oberen als auch die unteren Rollen drehbar anzutreiben.It is also possible to drive the table or transport rollers and to use the upper rollers 6, 11, 12 only as pressure rollers. It is also possible to rotatably drive both the upper and lower rollers.

In Transportrichtung der Werkstücke 2 hinter der Säge 3 befindet sich wenigstens ein Niederhalter 14, der die gesägten Werkstückteile beim Abtransport durch ein endlos umlaufendes Sortierband 15 niederhält. Das der Säge 3 zugewandte Ende des Niederhalters 14 ist schräg aufwärts verlaufend ausgebildet, so daß die gesägten Werkstückteile 2' zuverlässig unter den Niederhalter 14 gelangen. Der Niederhalter 14 ist plattenförmig ausgebildet und kann quer zum Sortierband 15 höhenverstellt werden. Ebenso ist es möglich, den Niederhalter 14 parallel zum Sortierband 15 zu verstellen. Auf diese Weise kann der Niederhalter 14 optimal auf die zu transportierenden Werkstückteile 2' eingestellt werden. Der Niederhalter 14 ist an einer Tragvorrichtung 16 vorgesehen, an der auch die Antriebe zur Höhen- und/oder Querverstellung des Niederhalters 14 vorgesehen sind.In the transport direction of the workpieces 2 behind the saw 3 is at least one hold-down 14 which holds down the sawn workpiece parts during removal by an endlessly circulating sorting belt 15. The saw 3 facing the end of the blank holder 14 is formed obliquely upward, so that the sawn workpiece parts 2 'reliably under the Downholder 14 arrive. The hold-down 14 is plate-shaped and can be adjusted in height transversely to the sorting belt 15. It is also possible to adjust the hold-down 14 parallel to the sorting belt 15. In this way, the hold-down 14 can be optimally adjusted to the workpiece parts 2 'to be transported. The hold-down 14 is provided on a support device 16, on which the drives for height and / or transverse adjustment of the hold-down 14 are provided.

An der Tragvorrichtung 16 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel zwei Sortierrollen 17, 18 vorhanden, die unabhängig voneinander in der Höhe eingestellt werden können. Hierzu sind Stellzylinder 19, 20 an der Tragvorrichtung 16 vorgesehen, mit denen die Sortierrollen 17, 18 im gewünschten Maße verstellt werden können. Die Sortierrollen 17, 18 ragen durch Öffnungen im Niederhalter 14. Durch Betätigen der Stellzylinder 19, 20 werden die Sortierrollen 17, 18 nach unten bis zur Auflage auf dem abgesägten Werkstückteil 2' bewegt.On the support device 16, two sorting rollers 17, 18 are present in the embodiment, which can be adjusted independently of each other in height. For this purpose, actuating cylinders 19, 20 are provided on the support device 16, with which the sorting rollers 17, 18 can be adjusted to the desired extent. The sorting rollers 17, 18 protrude through openings in the holding-down device 14. By actuating the setting cylinders 19, 20, the sorting rollers 17, 18 are moved down to rest on the sawn-off workpiece part 2 '.

Die der Säge 3 benachbarten Umlenkrollen 22 für das Sortierband 15 können in Transportrichtung der Werkstücke 2 verstellt werden. In der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Lage wird der Abfallschacht 21 durch das Sortierband 15 verschlossen. Aufgrund der Verstellbarkeit der Umlenkrollen 22 kann der Abfallschacht 21 teilweise oder ganz geöffnet werden, so daß in noch zu beschreibender Weise abgesägte Abfallstücke hinter der Säge 3 in den Abfallschacht 21 fallen können. Die Verstellbarkeit der Umlenkrollen 22 des Sortierbandes 15 ist bekannt und wird darum nicht näher beschrieben.The saw 3 adjacent pulleys 22 for the sorting belt 15 can be adjusted in the transport direction of the workpieces 2. In the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the waste chute 21 is closed by the sorting belt 15. Due to the adjustability of the pulleys 22, the waste chute 21 can be opened partially or completely, so that in the manner to be described manner sawn waste pieces behind the saw 3 can fall into the refuse chute 21. The adjustability of the pulleys 22 of the sorting belt 15 is known and therefore will not be described in detail.

Das Sortierband 15 wird während des Betriebes der Sägeeinrichtung kontinuierlich angetrieben. Mit dem Sortierband 15 werden die abgesägten Werkstückteile 2' weitertransportiert, insbesondere einer Sortiereinrichtung zugeführt, mit der die Werkstückteile 2' unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Länge sortiert werden.The sorting belt 15 is driven continuously during operation of the sawing device. With the sorting belt 15, the sawn-off workpiece parts 2 'are further transported, in particular fed to a sorting device, with which the workpiece parts 2' are sorted taking into account their length.

Die Werkstücke 2 werden vor dem Sägevorgang hinsichtlich Fehlstellen markiert. Dies kann manuell, beispielsweise mittels Kreidestrichen, aber auch automatisch durch Scaneinrichtungen vorgenommen werden. Beim Einlaufen der Werkstücke 2 in die Sägeeinrichtung werden diese Markierungen von einer entsprechenden Leseeinrichtung erfaßt und in die Steuerung der Vorrichtung eingegeben. Dadurch ist es möglich, das auf diese Weise erfaßte Werkstück 2 an den Markierungen zu sägen und die Gutteile 2' mittels des Sortierbandes 15 auszusortieren und die Abfallteile 2" durch Öffnen des Abfallschachtes 21 auszusortieren. Die entsprechenden Einstellungen erfolgen automatisch mit Hilfe der Steuerung.The workpieces 2 are marked before the sawing process with regard to defects. This can be done manually, for example using chalk marks, but also be made automatically by scanning devices. When running the workpieces 2 in the sawing these marks are detected by a corresponding reading device and entered into the control of the device. This makes it possible to saw the workpiece 2 thus detected at the markings and to sort out the good parts 2 'by means of the sorting belt 15 and to sort out the waste parts 2 "by opening the refuse chute 21. The corresponding settings are made automatically with the aid of the control.

Anhand der Fig. 2 bis 5 wird beispielhaft der Verfahrensablauf erläutert. Der Förderbahn 1 mit den Transportrollen 4 ist eine (nicht dargestellte) Transportvorrichtung vorgeschaltet, die vorteilhaft durch ein endlos umlaufendes Transportband gebildet ist, auf dem die Werkstücke der Vorschubrolle 6 zugeführt werden. Sie erfaßt die Werkstücke 2 und führt sie der nachfolgenden Säge 3 zu. Das Werkstück 2 wird-durch die beiden der Säge 3 zugeordneten Vorschubrollen 11, 12 übernommen, die drehbar angetrieben sind und das Werkstück 2 in die gewünschte Position transportieren. Sobald sich die Markierung bzw. Schnittposition des Werkstückes 2 in Höhe des Sägeblattes befindet, wird der Antrieb der Vorschubrollen 11, 12 unterbrochen und so das Werkstück 2 in der Säge 3 positioniert. Anschließend erfolgt der Sägeschnitt an der Schnittposition. Sobald der Schnitt erfolgt ist, werden die beiden Vorschubrollen 11, 12 wieder angetrieben, wobei die Vorschubrolle 11 das abgesägte Werkstückteil 2' unter den Niederhalter 14 transportiert. Fig. 2 zeigt den Fall, daß das abgesägte Werkstückteil 2' nur eine geringe Länge hat. Es wird durch die Vorschubrolle 11 aus der Säge 3 unter den Niederhalter 14 transportiert. Durch eine kurze Betätigung des Stellzylinders 20 wird die der Vorschubrolle 11 benachbarte Sortierrolle 18 nach unten ausgefahren und auf das Werkstückteil 2' gedrückt. Es wird dadurch gegen das Sortierband 15 gedrückt und beschleunigt. Der Druck auf das Werkstückteil 2' wird gerade so groß eingestellt, daß es vom kontinuierlich angetriebenen Sortierband 15 sicher erfaßt wird. Die Beschleunigung des abgesägten Werkstückteiles 2' auf dem mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit kontinuierlich umlaufenden Sortierband 15 kann beispielsweise bis zu 250 m/min betragen.The method sequence will be explained by way of example with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. The conveyor track 1 with the transport rollers 4 is preceded by a (not shown) transport device, which is advantageously formed by an endless circulating conveyor belt on which the workpieces of the feed roller 6 are supplied. It detects the workpieces 2 and leads them to the subsequent saw 3. The workpiece 2 is taken over by the two feed rollers 11, 12 associated with the saw 3, which are rotatably driven and transport the workpiece 2 into the desired position. As soon as the marking or cutting position of the workpiece 2 is in the amount of the saw blade, the drive of the feed rollers 11, 12 is interrupted, thus positioning the workpiece 2 in the saw 3. Subsequently, the saw cut is made at the cutting position. As soon as the cut has taken place, the two feed rollers 11, 12 are driven again, wherein the feed roller 11 transports the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'under the hold-down device 14. Fig. 2 shows the case that the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'has only a small length. It is transported by the feed roller 11 from the saw 3 under the hold-down 14. By a brief actuation of the adjusting cylinder 20, the feed roller 11 adjacent sorting roller 18 is extended downward and pressed onto the workpiece part 2 '. It is thereby pressed against the sorting belt 15 and accelerated. The pressure on the workpiece part 2 'is just set so large that it is reliably detected by the continuously driven sorting belt 15. The acceleration of the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'on the continuously rotating at constant speed sorting belt 15 may for example be up to 250 m / min.

Aufgrund dieser gezielten Beschleunigung des Werkstückteiles 2' hängt die Zeit bis zur Mitnahme des Werkstückteiles 2' auf dem Sortierband 15 nicht von Reibungsfaktoren, wie Teilegewicht, Oberflächenstruktur und dergleichen, ab.Due to this targeted acceleration of the workpiece part 2 ', the time until the take-up of the workpiece part 2' on the sorting belt 15 does not depend on friction factors, such as part weight, surface structure and the like.

Fig. 3 zeigt den Fall, daß der Abfallschacht 21 teilweise geöffnet ist, indem die entsprechenden Umlenkrollen 22 für das Sortierband 15 zurückbewegt worden sind. Diese Verfahrbewegung der Umlenkrollen 22 kann schon vor dem Sägevorgang erfolgen, da vor dem Einlaufen des Werkstückes 2 in die Sägeeinrichtung die Schnittpositionen, an denen gesägt werden muß, in die Steuerung eingelesen worden sind. Anhand dieser eingelesenen Daten können die entsprechenden Verstellungen der Maschinenteile vorgenommen werden. Fig. 3 zeigt, daß das abgesägte Werkstückteil 2' länger ist als beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2. Das Werkstückteil 2' ist so lang, daß es trotz teilweise geöffnetem Abfallschacht 21 auf das Sortierband 15 gelangt und nicht in den geöffneten Abfallschacht 21 fällt. Aufgrund der größeren Länge des Werkstückteiles 2' wird die von der Vorschubrolle 11 entfernt liegende Sortierrolle 17 mittels des Stellzylinders auf das Werkstückteil 2' gedrückt, das vom Sortierband 15 mitgenommen und in der beschriebenen Weise gezielt beschleunigt wird.Fig. 3 shows the case that the refuse chute 21 is partially opened by the corresponding guide rollers 22 have been moved back for the sorting belt 15. This movement of the guide rollers 22 can be done even before the sawing process, since before entering the workpiece 2 in the sawing device, the cutting positions at which must be sawn, have been read into the controller. On the basis of this read data, the corresponding adjustments of the machine parts can be made. FIG. 3 shows that the sawn-off workpiece part 2 'is longer than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2. The workpiece part 2' is so long that, despite partially opened waste chute 21, it reaches the sorting belt 15 and does not fall into the opened waste chute 21. Due to the greater length of the workpiece part 2 ', the sorting roller 17 lying away from the feed roller 11 is pressed by means of the adjusting cylinder onto the workpiece part 2', which is carried along by the sorting belt 15 and specifically accelerated in the manner described.

Fig. 4 zeigt den Fall, daß in der Säge 3 ein Abfallteil 2" abgesägt wird, das eine Fehlstelle enthält. Nachdem es zunächst mittels der Vorschubrollen 11, 12 gegenüber dem Sägeblatt positioniert und anschließend abgesägt worden ist, wird es durch die nach dem Sägevorgang erneut angetriebene Vorschubrolle 11 weitertransportiert und fällt in den geöffneten Abfallschacht 21. Das Sortierband 15 ist nur so weit zurückgefahren, daß das Abfallteil 2" in den Abfallschacht 21 fallen kann.Fig. 4 shows the case that a waste part 2 "containing a defect is sawn in the saw 3. After it has first been positioned relative to the saw blade by means of the feed rollers 11, 12 and then sawn off, it is replaced by the one after the sawing process again driven feed roller 11 is transported and falls into the open refuse chute 21. The sorting belt 15 is only moved back so far that the waste part 2 "can fall into the refuse chute 21.

Ist das Abfallteil 2" länger (Fig. 5), dann wird die entsprechende Umlenkrolle des Sortierbandes 15 so weit zurückgefahren, daß das lange Abfallteil 2" in den Abfallschacht 21 fallen kann.If the waste part 2 "is longer (FIG. 5), then the corresponding deflection roller of the sorting belt 15 is moved back so far that the long waste part 2" can fall into the waste chute 21.

Da die Gutteile 2' nach dem Sägeschnitt mittels der jeweiligen Sortierrolle 17, 18 beschleunigt werden, kann der Abfallschacht 21 sehr früh geöffnet werden, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß das Werkstückteil 2' versehentlich in den Abfallschacht 21 fällt.Since the good parts 2 'are accelerated after the saw cut by means of the respective sorting roller 17, 18, the waste chute 21 can be opened very early, without the risk that the workpiece part 2' accidentally falls into the waste chute 21.

Damit die Abfallteile 2" zuverlässig in den Abfallschacht 21 gelangen, erfolgt die Fallbewegung in den Abfallschacht 21 mit Unterstützung von Blasluft. Hierfür ist vorteilhaft an der Tragvorrichtung 16 wenigstens eine Blasdüse 23 (Fig. 1 und 2) vorgesehen, aus der während des Aussortiervorganges ein kurzer Druckluftstoß austritt, der das Abfallteil 2" in seiner Fallbewegung unterstützt. Die Blasdüse 23 befindet sich im Bereich zwischen der Vorschubrolle 11 und der benachbarten Sortierrolle 18. Dieses Abfallteil 2" kann mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aussortiert werden, da das zuvor abtransportierte Gutteil 2' durch die Beschleunigung schneller wegtransportiert und der Abfallschacht 21 entsprechend früher geöffnet werden kann. Ist das abgesägte Abfallteil 2" sehr kurz und wird das vorangehende Gutteil 2' noch unter der Vorschubrolle 11 gehalten, dann bleibt für die Entsorgung des in der Säge 3 abgesägten Abfallteiles 2" sehr wenig Zeit. In diesem Falle werden nämlich das vorangehende Gutteil 2' und das Abfallteil 2" in einem Zuge ausgeschoben. Das Gutteil 2' wird mittels der Sortierrolle 17, 18 beschleunigt, so daß trotz gleichzeitigem Vorschub von Gutteil und Abfallteil und frühzeitigem Öffnen des Abfallschachtes 21 das Gutteil 2' zuverlässig mittels des Sortierbandes 15 weitertransportiert wird. Der Abfallschacht 21 wird nur so weit geöffnet, wie zur Entsorgung des Abfallteiles 2" notwendig ist. Je nach Länge des nachfolgend zu sägenden Gutteiles 2' kann der Abfallschacht 21 geöffnet bleiben. Dies ist beispielsweise dann der Fall, wenn das nachfolgend zu sägende Gutteil 2' so lang ist, daß es trotz geöffnetem Abfallschacht 21 mit seinem in Transportrichtung vorderen Ende auf das Sortierband 15 gelangt und mit seinem rückwärtigen Ende noch von der Vorschubrolle 11 erfaßt wird. Sobald die Vorschubrolle 11 drehbar angetrieben und die entsprechende Sortierrolle 17, 18 auf das Gutteil 2' gedrückt werden, wird das abgesägte Gutteil 2' über den Öffnungsbereich des Abfallschachtes 21 hinweg beschleunigt transportiert.In order for the waste parts 2 "to reliably reach the waste chute 21, the drop movement takes place in the waste chute 21 with the assistance of blown air, for which purpose at least one blow nozzle 23 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is provided on the carrying device 16, during which a sorting process takes place short compressed air surge exits, which supports the waste part 2 "in its falling motion. The blowing nozzle 23 is located in the region between the feed roller 11 and the adjacent sorting roller 18. This waste part 2 "can be sorted out at high speed, since the previously transported good part 2 'transported faster by the acceleration and the waste chute 21 can be opened earlier accordingly. If the sawn-off waste part 2 "is very short and if the preceding good part 2 'is still held under the feed roller 11, then very little time remains for the disposal of the waste part 2" sawn in the saw 3. In this case, the preceding good part 2' and the waste part 2 "pushed out in one go. The good part 2 'is accelerated by means of the sorting roller 17, 18, so that despite simultaneous feed of good part and waste part and early opening of the refuse chute 21, the good part 2' is reliably transported by means of the sorting belt 15. The waste chute 21 is opened only as far as is necessary for disposing of the waste part 2. Depending on the length of the good part 2 to be subsequently sawn, the waste chute 21 can remain open, for example, if the good part 2 to be subsequently sawed is 'is so long that, despite its open waste chute 21 with its front end in the transport direction on the sorting belt 15 and is still detected with its rear end of the feed roller 11. As soon as the feed roller 11 rotatably driven and the corresponding sorting roller 17, 18 on the Good part 2 'are pressed, the sawed good part 2' over the opening area of the refuse chute 21 away transported.

Die Sortierrollen 17, 18 werden von den Stellzylindern 19, 20 bei jedem Gutteil 2' nach unten bewegt und auf das Gutteil 2' gedrückt. Unmittelbar anschließend fahren die Stellzylinder 19, 20 die Sortierrolle 17, 18 zurück, so daß das nachfolgende Werkstückteil 2' zuverlässig unter den Niederhalter 14 gelangen kann.The sorting rollers 17, 18 are moved by the adjusting cylinders 19, 20 at each good part 2 'down and pressed on the Good part 2'. Immediately thereafter, the actuating cylinders 19, 20 drive the sorting roller 17, 18 back, so that the subsequent workpiece part 2 'can reliably reach under the downholder 14.

Am Niederhalter 14 kann auch nur eine Sortierrolle vorgesehen sein, mit der die entsprechenden Gutteile 2' auf das Sortierband 15 gedrückt werden können. Der Einsatz von zwei oder auch mehr in Transportrichtung mit Abstand hintereinander liegenden Sortierrollen hat den Vorteil, daß unterschiedlich lange Gutteile 2' innerhalb kürzester Zeit beschleunigt werden könne. Das Verfahren der Umlenkrollen 22 des Sortierbandes 15 erfolgt vorteilhaft mittels eines Servomotors, mit dem das Sortierband 15 bzw. seine entsprechende Umlenkrolle 22 zum Öffnen und Schließen des Abfallschachtes 21 positioniert werden kann.At the hold-down 14 only one sorting roller can be provided, with which the corresponding good parts 2 'can be pressed onto the sorting belt 15. The use of two or even more in the transport direction with distance one behind the other sorting rollers has the advantage that different lengths good parts 2 'could be accelerated within a very short time. The method of the deflection rollers 22 of the sorting belt 15 is advantageously carried out by means of a servo motor, with which the sorting belt 15 and its corresponding guide roller 22 for opening and closing the waste chute 21 can be positioned.

Anstelle des Abfallschachtes ist es zum Aussortieren der Abfallteile 2" auch möglich, andere Aussortiereinrichtungen zu verwenden, beispielsweise Schieber, die das entsprechende Abfallteil 2" vom Sortierband 15 quer abschieben. Der entsprechende Schieber kann pneumatisch, hydraulisch, elektrisch und dergleichen betätigt werden. Dieser Aussortiervorgang kann sehr rasch erfolgen. Die Gutteile 2', die keine Fehlstellen aufweisen, werden in der beschriebenen Weise nach dem Sägevorgang mittels der Sortierrolle 17, 18 auf dem Sortierband 15 beschleunigt von der Säge 3 weggefördert.Instead of the waste chute, it is also possible to sort out the waste parts 2 ", to use other sorting facilities, such as slides that push off the corresponding waste part 2" from the sorting belt 15 transversely. The corresponding slide can be operated pneumatically, hydraulically, electrically and the like. This sorting process can be done very quickly. The good parts 2 ', which have no defects, are accelerated away in the manner described after the sawing process by means of the sorting roller 17, 18 on the sorting belt 15 of the saw 3.

Es ist ferner möglich, die Abfallteile 2" auch erst im weiteren Transportweg der Werkstückteile auszusortieren.It is also possible to sort out the waste parts 2 "only in the further transport path of the workpiece parts.

Mit der Vorrichtung ist es möglich, mit hoher Geschwindigkeit Werkstücke 2 zu sägen, Abfallteile auszusortieren und schließlich die Gutteile zu sortieren.With the device it is possible to saw workpieces 2 at high speed, to sort out waste parts and finally to sort the good parts.

Claims (15)

Vorrichtung zum Aussortieren von Abfallteilen von Werkstücken an Sägen, vorzugsweise an Optimierungskappsägen, mit wenigstens einem Sägeblatt, dem wenigstens eine Vorschubwalze vor- und nachgeschaltet ist, und mit mindestens einer der Säge nachgeschalteten Transportvorrichtung für die gesägten Werkstückteile,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Transportrichtung der Werkstücke (2) hinter der Säge (3) mindestens eine Beschleunigungsrolle (17, 18) für die gesägten Werkstückteile (2') vorgesehen ist.Device for sorting out waste parts of workpieces on saws, preferably on optimizing cross-cut saws, with at least one saw blade, which is preceded and followed by at least one feed roller, and with at least one transport device for the sawn workpiece parts downstream of the saw,
characterized in that in the transport direction of the workpieces (2) behind the saw (3) at least one acceleration roller (17, 18) for the sawn workpiece parts (2 ') is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschleunigungsrolle (17, 18) mittels eines Antriebes (19, 20) gegen das gesägte Werkstückteil (2') bewegbar ist.Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the acceleration roller (17, 18) by means of a drive (19, 20) against the sawn workpiece part (2 ') is movable. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antrieb (19, 20) ein Stellzylinder ist.Device according to claim 2,
characterized in that the drive (19, 20) is a control cylinder. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antrieb (19, 20) an einer Tragvorrichtung (16) für wenigstens einen Niederhalter (14) vorgesehen ist.Device according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the drive (19, 20) on a support device (16) for at least one hold-down (14) is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Niederhalter (14) wenigstens eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt der Beschleunigungsrolle (17, 18) aufweist.Device according to claim 4,
characterized in that the hold-down (14) at least one Opening for the passage of the acceleration roller (17, 18). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschleunigungsrolle (17, 18) im Bereich oberhalb eines Abfallschachtes (21) für die Abfallteile (2") angeordnet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the acceleration roller (17, 18) in the region above a waste chute (21) for the waste parts (2 ") is arranged. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abfallschacht (21) durch die Transportvorrichtung (15, 22) wahlweise verschließbar ist.Device according to claim 6,
characterized in that the waste chute (21) by the transport device (15, 22) is selectively closed. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Transportvorrichtung (15, 22) wenigstens ein endlos umlaufendes Transportband (15) aufweist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the transport device (15, 22) has at least one endless circulating conveyor belt (15). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Umlenkrolle (22) des Transportbandes (15) zum Öffnen und Schließen des Abfallschachtes (21) in und entgegen Transportrichtung der Werkstücke (2) verstellbar ist.Device according to claim 8,
characterized in that at least one deflection roller (22) of the conveyor belt (15) for opening and closing the refuse chute (21) in and against the transport direction of the workpieces (2) is adjustable. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Abfallschacht (21) mindestens eine Blasdüse (23) zugeordnet ist.Device according to one of claims 6 to 9,
characterized in that the waste chute (21) is associated with at least one blowing nozzle (23). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blasdüse (23) an der Tragvorrichtung (16) vorgesehen ist.Device according to claim 10,
characterized in that the blowing nozzle (23) on the support device (16) is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blasdüse (23) im Bereich zwischen der Vorschubwalze (11) und der Beschleunigungsrolle (17, 18) angeordnet ist.Device according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that the blowing nozzle (23) in the region between the feed roller (11) and the acceleration roller (17, 18) is. Verfahren zum Aussortieren von Abfallteilen von Werkstücken an Sägen unter Verwendung einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, bei dem die Werkstücke (2) nach dem Sägen mindestens einer Transportvorrichtung zugeführt werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gesägten Werkstückteile (2', 2") beschleunigt aus dem Sägebereich abtransportiert werden.Method for sorting waste parts of work pieces on saws using a device according to one of Claims 1 to 12, in which the workpieces (2) are fed after sawing to at least one transport device,
characterized in that the sawn workpiece parts (2 ', 2 ") are accelerated away from the sawing area. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gesägten Werkstückteile (2', 2") gegen ein Transportband (15) der Transportvorrichtung (15, 22) gedrückt werden.Method according to claim 13,
characterized in that the sawn workpiece parts (2 ', 2 ") against a conveyor belt (15) of the transport device (15, 22) are pressed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein gesägtes Werkstückteil (2') und ein Abfallteil (2") gleichzeitig weitertransportiert werden.Method according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized in that a sawed workpiece part (2 ') and a waste part (2 ") are transported simultaneously.
EP20070015927 2006-08-17 2007-08-14 Device for separating waste parts of workpieces, with a saw, in particular an optimising chopsaw and method using such a device Active EP1889699B1 (en)

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EP3744457A1 (en) * 2019-05-24 2020-12-02 Weinig Dimter GmbH & Co. KG Device for sorting waste pieces at saws, preferably to optimising cutting saws

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7896164B2 (en) 2011-03-01
DE102006039702A1 (en) 2008-02-21
DK1889699T3 (en) 2013-02-11
SI1889699T1 (en) 2013-02-28
EP1889699A3 (en) 2009-09-30
PL1889699T3 (en) 2013-06-28
US20080041771A1 (en) 2008-02-21
EP1889699B1 (en) 2012-10-31

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