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EP1847791B1 - Method of drying sludge and apparatus for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method of drying sludge and apparatus for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1847791B1
EP1847791B1 EP07290491A EP07290491A EP1847791B1 EP 1847791 B1 EP1847791 B1 EP 1847791B1 EP 07290491 A EP07290491 A EP 07290491A EP 07290491 A EP07290491 A EP 07290491A EP 1847791 B1 EP1847791 B1 EP 1847791B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sludge
chamber
drying
pressure
microwaves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07290491A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1847791A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Dedieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BARBOSA, ARTHUR
SARL INNOPARTS
BEARN INNOVATION
Original Assignee
SARL INNOPARTS
BEARN INNOVATION
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Publication date
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Priority to PL07290491T priority Critical patent/PL1847791T3/en
Publication of EP1847791A1 publication Critical patent/EP1847791A1/en
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Publication of EP1847791B1 publication Critical patent/EP1847791B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/343—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects in combination with convection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/18—Sludges, e.g. sewage, waste, industrial processes, cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sludge drying process and the device for carrying out the process, and more particularly to a method and its device for drying industrial, mixed or urban sludge.
  • Another solution is initially to dry the sludge and then put in the form of granules that can be stored.
  • the drying step is generally carried out by depositing the still wet sludge on a drying bench, the sludge then being traversed by a heated air flow. At the end of this step the sludge is transformed into granules.
  • a disadvantage of this type of treatment is that the drying of the sludge with the heated air flow is too long.
  • the patent FR 2 115 951 proposes a device, which could solve the problem of the too long drying time, allowing to dry products like animal feed or fertilizer, and allowing to sterilize these products, after putting them in the form of previously fragmented sludge.
  • This device comprises a screw conveyor in the form of a tube that will allow the transport of fragmented sludge.
  • the carrier comprises a shaft extending axially with respect to the tube and having blades arranged helically.
  • This transporter has the sole purpose of advancing the fragmented sludge towards the irradiation zone by microwaves. These microwaves have the function of sterilizing the fragments and perfect drying by allowing the release of the remaining moisture of the fragmented sludge. Plots thus dried out of the device and are collected to be packaged.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method and its device which make it possible to optimize the sludge drying without risk of explosion while at the same time very rapidly obtaining complete sludge drying and thereby reducing the energy consumed.
  • the sludge is mixed with the mixer to allow a better homogeneity of drying, while greatly promoting the penetration of microwaves in the material.
  • the saturation water vapor pressure is in a range between 1 bar and 3 bars.
  • the saturation water vapor pressure is 1 bar.
  • the superheated steam pressure is between 1 bar and 5 bar.
  • the superheated steam pressure is 3 bar.
  • the temperature of the chamber must be lower than the temperature of the sludge to allow evaporation.
  • the irradiation by microwaves is performed when the temperature of the sludge is between 110 Ā° C and 140 Ā° C.
  • the irradiation by microwaves is performed when the temperature of the sludge is 130 Ā° C.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device for carrying out the method.
  • the device for carrying out the method consists of an enclosure, comprising a sealed tank, resistant to pressure and communicating by at least one quartz window or any other material suitable for microwaves. waves with at least one microwave generator, the chamber communicating with a saturated steam inlet path and a sludge inlet to be dried, a mixer comprising means for injecting superheated steam disposed in the enclosure, a unloading hatch of dried materials.
  • the device comprises in its lower part facing the ground an orifice for discharging by gravity runoff controlled by a valve or regulate the internal pressure of the enclosure.
  • the enclosure comprises cooling means arranged in its lowest part so as to cool its inner wall in contact with the pressurized atmosphere, the means being arranged so as to cool only part of the 'pregnant.
  • the cooling means allow to cool between half and 3 ā‡ 4 of the enclosure.
  • the mixer is formed of a tube comprising at least one blade-type mixing element integral with its periphery, the injection means being arranged on this element.
  • the tube is connected to a superheated steam generator, the steam produced by the generator circulating in the tube to reach the mixing element and then be injected by the injection means.
  • the injection means are formed by openings formed on the mixing element.
  • all the openings of the enclosure are closable with closure means ensuring the conditions of tightness to pressure and microwaves.
  • the enclosure comprises cooling means for cooling a portion of its inner surface to promote the condensation of water evaporated by the drying treatment.
  • the device comprises at least one end closable by an automatic door ensuring the conditions of tightness to pressure and microwaves.
  • the microwave generator communicates with the drying chamber through a coupler / microwave adapter.
  • the enclosure comprises a safety valve.
  • the tank is removed from the walls of the enclosure by perforated supports to allow the streaming of the condensed water
  • the device consists of an enclosure (1), preferably cylindrical and elongated metal material with a double wall ensuring on the one hand, both good thermal insulation and pressure tightness of the steam and on the other hand, airtightness.
  • This enclosure (1) has at least one end open on the outside and closable by a door (10) or a cover (10).
  • the enclosure (1) has a closable end.
  • the door (10) for closing the openings is made so that the enclosure (1) is completely airtight, at the vapor pressure and waves such as microwaves, when the door (10) is closed again.
  • the door (10) therefore comprises a seal (102) made of "Teflonā€ or silicone for pressure-tightness and metal (101) for microwave-tightness.
  • a seal (102) made of "Teflonā€ or silicone for pressure-tightness and metal (101) for microwave-tightness.
  • the door (10) is slidable by means of a displacement system (152) having wheels (151) connected to the door. This system thus allows the door to be moved axially relative to the enclosure (1). In this embodiment the sludge is loaded by the opening formed when the door is open.
  • the enclosure (1) is generally placed on the ground, and is held in place by feet (15), the portion resting on the ground forming the lower part of the enclosure (1).
  • the enclosure (1) has inside, an additional wall in its lower part forming a spherical tank (7) in which will be loaded the sludge (5) to be dried.
  • This tank (7) has upper flanges (71) fixed to the enclosure (1) and on which small openings are formed. These openings allow evacuation to the bottom of the chamber (1) condensed water on the inner wall of the enclosure (1).
  • the material (5) to be dried is loaded into the enclosure (1) by a material inlet (8).
  • This inlet (8) is disposed on a face of the enclosure (1) at mid-height thereof.
  • the loading of the material (5) to be dried is through the tank which is disposed on a carriage (152) rolling (151) can be moved laterally, unloading is done by turning the vessel.
  • the sludge (5) concerned by the invention are sludge type sludge, slurry, waste septic tanks ... etc.
  • the enclosure (1) also comprises at least one rounded or rectangular aperture (2) constituting a window (2).
  • the enclosure (1) comprises a plurality of windows (2). These windows (2) are made of vapor-tight material but passing microwave radiation. In one embodiment, the windows (2) are made of quartz. In another embodiment the windows (2) are "Teflon", or any other material allowing electromagnetic radiation and vapor tightness. These windows (2) under pressure can emit the waves (23) to the inside of the enclosure (1) and are said windows (2) emitter. They thus allow to pass the waves (23) which will then irradiate the sludge (5) to dry. The waves (23) are brought by a waveguide (24) to at least one window (2).
  • the waveguide (24) communicates through an impedance coupler / adapter (21) and the microwave generator (22).
  • the wave generator (22) (23) thus makes it possible to irradiate the sludge (5) to be dried.
  • the windows (2) are arranged in the upper part of the enclosure (1) that is to say the part opposite to that which rests on the ground.
  • the enclosure (1) is vertical, in this case it is higher than wide.
  • the enclosure (1) has an opening at the end opposite to that resting on the ground.
  • the windows (2) are then arranged on the upper part below the opening and therefore below the lid (10).
  • the waves are, at the exit of the windows, perpendicular to the bottom of the tank and are then redirected to arrive vertically in the material (5) to dry.
  • the windows (2) are arranged on the cover (10) and thus allow a direct radiation which arrives vertically in the material (5) to be dried.
  • the tank is arranged horizontally, it is then wider than it is high.
  • the opening which is always at one end will be disposed on the opposite side to the power supply.
  • the windows (2) are then always arranged in the upper part of the enclosure (1) that is to say in the opposite part to that resting on the ground.
  • the windows (2) are rectangular, they are arranged so as to be inverted relative to one another, ie a window is arranged in the direction of the length and the one next to the direction of the height etc. as illustrated on the figure 2 .
  • the enclosure (1) is in communication with at least two pipes with at least two steam generator systems.
  • a first generator (9) generates saturating steam. This steam is injected into the entire enclosure (1) before loading the material (5) to be dried.
  • a second generator (32) generates superheated steam. This superheated steam is directly injected into the material (5) to be dried.
  • This mixer (3) is formed of a tube (31, 31 ') which passes through the enclosure (1).
  • This tube (31, 31 ') is connected to the superheated steam generator (32).
  • the tube (31, 31 ') comprises at minus one element (35, 35 ') mixer.
  • This element (35, 35 ') mixer has means (33, 33') for injecting superheated steam.
  • the injection means (33, 33 ') are formed by openings (33, 33') formed on the mixing element (35, 35 ').
  • the steam produced by the generator (32) flows in the tube to reach the mixing element (35, 35 ') and is then injected by the injection means (33, 33') into the core of the material ( 5) to dry.
  • the mixing element (35) is formed by blades fixed to the end of the tube (31) arriving at the bottom of the enclosure (1).
  • the mixer rotates thanks to a motor (34) disposed outside the enclosure (1).
  • the blades follow the spherical or elliptical shape of the bottom of the tank (7).
  • the tube is offset relative to the axis (A) of symmetry of the tank, that is to say close to the wall remote from the microwave source.
  • the mixing element (35 ') is formed by rectangular blades fixed on the periphery of the tube (31') preferably in a helical geometry and offset from each other.
  • the tube rotates with a motor (34) and behaves like a worm.
  • the material used for the blades is a microwave resistant material.
  • the material may for example be pyrex or "Teflon".
  • the blades are fixed so as not to exceed the material (5) to dry before drying and the amount of material (5) is adapted so that at the end of drying the blades do not exceed too much to avoid problems due to shocks with microwaves.
  • the role of the mixers is on the one hand to mix the sludge (5) to have a homogeneous drying and on the other hand to increase the penetration of microwaves in the sludge (5) and promote drying. Indeed without mixing the mud, a dry crust forms quickly on its surface which prevents the microwaves to penetrate properly, and thus prevents an effective drying and homogeneous.
  • the condensation water is discharged through a pipe (4) controlled by a valve (41) for evacuation and disposed in the lower part of the enclosure.
  • This evacuation valve (41) makes it possible to maintain the enclosure (1) at the desired pressure, to evacuate the pressure if it is too high and finally to put the enclosure (1) in the atmosphere a once the drying process is complete.
  • the upper part of the enclosure (1) comprises a safety valve (12) which is regulated according to the desired pressure and which will be used only in the event of an incident requiring pressure regulation other than with the valve (41). ) evacuation.
  • This valve (12) will therefore, in normal operation of the device, never used.
  • the enclosure (1) also comprises cooling means (203) in its double wall. These cooling means (203) are arranged to allow the cooling of the base portion of the chamber (1) and thus the condensation of the evaporation water.
  • the cooling means (203) are for example coils in which circulates a cooling gas.
  • These cooling means (203) define a cold zone (200) and a hot zone (300) in the enclosure.
  • the separation (202) between the two zones being approximately between half and 3 ā‡ 4 of the lower part of the enclosure.
  • the enclosure (1) has in its lower part a hatch (6) which allows to evacuate the dried material when the drying cycle is completed.
  • this hatch (6) also comprises a guide which will allow the mixer (3) to be kept straight and thus prevent its swaying during mixing.
  • the enclosure (1) comprises means (11) for measuring the temperature and the pressure in order to regulate these parameters during drying.
  • the set of openings of the enclosure (1) comprises a valve system (91, 81, 61, 41) allowing the enclosure (1) to remain hermetic and also avoiding the leakage of microwaves.
  • the enclosure (1) comprises a level detector device for the automatic opening of the valve (41).
  • the microwave generator After a while when the sludge is dried, the microwave generator is also stopped and the pressure decreased to gradually reach atmospheric pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves loading sludge (5) inside a tub spaced from walls of an enclosure (1) by a material inlet (8). Heated vapor is injected into the sludge by using a mixer (3) operating closer to a tub`s wall that is spaced with respect to a microwave source. The sludge is heated to the core by emission of microwaves (23) of frequencies comprised between 400 and 2450 mega Hertz in a direction of a tub (7). Water collected by condensation on walls of the enclosure is evacuated, via small openings, towards the bottom of the enclosure by using a valve (6) communicating with the exterior. An independent claim is also included for a device permitting to implement a method for drying sludge.

Description

La prĆ©sente invention concerne un procĆ©dĆ© de sĆ©chage des boues et le dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procĆ©dĆ©, et plus particuliĆØrement un procĆ©dĆ© et son dispositif de sĆ©chage de boues industrielles, mixtes ou urbaines.The present invention relates to a sludge drying process and the device for carrying out the process, and more particularly to a method and its device for drying industrial, mixed or urban sludge.

Le problĆØme posĆ© par le traitement des boues d'Ć©puration est un problĆØme qui prĆ©occupe trĆØs sĆ©rieusement les CollectivitĆ©s locales et les Etats. En effet leur quantitĆ© ne cesse d'augmenter, et les risques de pollution toxique, bactĆ©riologique et olfactive qu'elles induisent pour les sols, les nappes et l'environnement augmentent aussi. Il est donc nĆ©cessaire de disposer d'une technique optimale de traitement et de valorisation de ces boues qui soit sĆ»re, durable, Ć©cologique, Ć©conomique et applicable Ć  tous les cas.The problem posed by the treatment of sewage sludge is a problem that is of great concern to local communities and states. In fact, their quantity is constantly increasing, and the risks of toxic, bacteriological and olfactory pollution that they induce for soils, groundwater and the environment are also increasing. It is therefore necessary to have an optimal technique of treatment and recovery of these sludge that is safe, sustainable, environmentally friendly, economical and applicable to all cases.

Pour faire face Ć  ces problĆØmes, il existe aujourd'hui plusieurs solutions de traitement des boues.To deal with these problems, there are now several sludge treatment solutions.

On peut notamment citer les traitements par convection, dont le principe repose sur un transfert de chaleur. L'inconvĆ©nient de cette technique est qu'elle est trĆØs onĆ©reuse.These include convection treatments, whose principle is based on heat transfer. The disadvantage of this technique is that it is very expensive.

Une autre solution consiste dans un premier temps Ć  faire sĆ©cher les boues pour ensuite les mettre sous forme de granulĆ©s qui pourront ĆŖtre stockĆ©s.Another solution is initially to dry the sludge and then put in the form of granules that can be stored.

L'Ʃtape de sƩchage est en gƩnƩral effectuƩe en dƩposant les boues encore humides sur un banc de sƩchage, la boue Ʃtant ensuite traversƩe par un flux d'air chauffƩ. A l'issu de cette Ʃtape les boues sont transformƩes sous forme de granulƩs.The drying step is generally carried out by depositing the still wet sludge on a drying bench, the sludge then being traversed by a heated air flow. At the end of this step the sludge is transformed into granules.

Un inconvƩnient de ce type de traitement est que le sƩchage des boues avec le flux d'air chauffƩ est trop long.A disadvantage of this type of treatment is that the drying of the sludge with the heated air flow is too long.

La demande de brevet WO 00/52405 dƩcrit notamment un procƩdƩ et une installation permettant d'assainir et de sƩcher des dƩchets organiques.The request for WO 00/52405 describes in particular a method and an installation for cleaning and drying organic waste.

Le brevet FR 2 115 951 propose un dispositif, qui pourrait rĆ©soudre le problĆØme du temps de sĆ©chage trop long, permettant de sĆ©cher des produit type aliments pour animaux ou fertilisant, et permettant de stĆ©riliser ces produits, aprĆØs les avoir mis sous forme de boues prĆ©alablement fragmentĆ©es. Ce dispositif comprend un transporteur Ć  vis en forme de tube qui va permettre le transport des boues fragmentĆ©es. Le transporteur comporte un arbre s'Ć©tendant axialement par rapport au tube et comportant des pales disposĆ©es en hĆ©lice. Ce transporteur Ć  pour but unique de faire avancer les boues fragmentĆ©es vers la zone d'irradiation par des micro-ondes. Ces micro-ondes ayant pour fonction d'effectuer la stĆ©rilisation des fragments et de parfaire le sĆ©chage en permettant le dĆ©gagement du restant d'humiditĆ© des boues fragmentĆ©es. Les parcelles ainsi sĆ©chĆ©es sortent du dispositif et sont recueillies pour ĆŖtre conditionnĆ©es.The patent FR 2 115 951 proposes a device, which could solve the problem of the too long drying time, allowing to dry products like animal feed or fertilizer, and allowing to sterilize these products, after putting them in the form of previously fragmented sludge. This device comprises a screw conveyor in the form of a tube that will allow the transport of fragmented sludge. The carrier comprises a shaft extending axially with respect to the tube and having blades arranged helically. This transporter has the sole purpose of advancing the fragmented sludge towards the irradiation zone by microwaves. These microwaves have the function of sterilizing the fragments and perfect drying by allowing the release of the remaining moisture of the fragmented sludge. Plots thus dried out of the device and are collected to be packaged.

L'inconvƩnient de ce dispositif est qu'il nƩcessite plusieurs Ʃtapes pour arriver au sƩchage des produits, et notamment une Ʃtape de fragmentation des boues Ơ sƩcher. Ces diffƩrentes Ʃtapes nƩcessitant un appareillage plus complexe et plus encombrant.The disadvantage of this device is that it requires several steps to arrive at the drying of the products, and in particular a fragmentation step of the sludge to be dried. These different steps require a more complex and more cumbersome apparatus.

Un autre inconvĆ©nient de ces dispositifs de sĆ©chages est que dans certain cas des risques d'inflammation ou d'explosion peuvent apparaĆ®tre. Les risques d'explosion existent si trois facteurs sont prĆ©sents : une grande teneur en poussiĆØres, un forte teneur en oxygĆØne et une source d'ignition. Il est donc important d'Ć©viter la prĆ©sence d'un des ces trois facteurs.Another disadvantage of these drying devices is that in some cases the risk of ignition or explosion may appear. The risk of explosion exists if three factors are present: a high dust content, a high oxygen content and a source of ignition. It is therefore important to avoid the presence of any of these three factors.

De plus les dispositifs de ces techniques sont chers et leur utilisation couteuse en Ć©nergie.Moreover the devices of these techniques are expensive and their use expensive in energy.

Lorsque le sĆ©chage est correctement effectuĆ©, la boue sĆ©chĆ©e peut s'auto-Ć©chauffer ce qui peut provoquer une source d'ignition. Ce facteur d'ignition est donc souvent prĆ©sent lors du sĆ©chage des boues. Il faut donc faire en sorte d'Ć©viter la prĆ©sence des deux autres facteurs Ć  savoir les poussiĆØres et la teneur en oxygĆØne.When drying is properly done, the dried sludge can self-heat which can cause a source of ignition. This ignition factor is therefore often present during sludge drying. It is therefore necessary to avoid the presence of the other two factors namely dust and oxygen content.

La prĆ©sente invention a pour but de proposer un procĆ©dĆ© et son dispositif qui permettent d'optimiser le sĆ©chage des boues sans risque d'explosion tout en obtenant trĆØs rapidement un sĆ©chage complet des boues et de ce fait en rĆ©duisant l'Ć©nergie consommĆ©e.The object of the present invention is to propose a method and its device which make it possible to optimize the sludge drying without risk of explosion while at the same time very rapidly obtaining complete sludge drying and thereby reducing the energy consumed.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le procƩdƩ de sƩchage de boue telles que les boues dƩpuration, le lisier ou les dƩchets de fosses septiques comporte:

  • une Ć©tape de mise en pression Ć  une pression dĆ©terminĆ©e d'une enceinte Ć©tanche au moins par injection de vapeur d'eau saturante et de maintien de cette pression pendant un temps dĆ©terminĆ© ;
  • une Ć©tape de chargement des boues Ć  l'intĆ©rieur d'une cuve Ć©loignĆ©e des parois de l'enceinte avec des moyens de chargement assurant le maintien en pression ;
  • une Ć©tape d'injection de vapeur surchauffĆ©e dans la boue par l'intermĆ©diaire d'un mĆ©langeur en action proche de la paroi de la cuve la plus Ć©loignĆ©e par rapport Ć  la source des micro-ondes comportant des moyens d'injections ;
  • une Ć©tape de chauffage au coeur de la boue par Ć©mission de micro-ondes dans des frĆ©quences comprises entre 400 et 2450 MHz en direction de la cuve, cette Ć©tape Ć©tant rĆ©alisĆ©e en mĆ©langeant la boue ;
  • une Ć©tape d'Ć©vacuation des eaux recueillies par condensation et ruissellement sur les parois de l'enceinte vers le fond de l'enceinte par l'intermĆ©diaire d'une vanne communiquant avec l'extĆ©rieur.
This object is achieved by the fact that the sludge drying process such as sewage sludge, slurry or septic waste includes:
  • a step of pressurizing at a predetermined pressure of a sealed enclosure at least by saturating steam injection and maintaining this pressure for a predetermined time;
  • a step of loading the sludge inside a tank remote from the walls of the enclosure with loading means ensuring the maintenance pressure;
  • a step of injecting superheated steam into the sludge through a mixer in action close to the wall of the tank furthest away from the source of the microwaves comprising injection means;
  • a heating step in the heart of the sludge by microwave emission in frequencies between 400 and 2450 MHz in the direction of the tank, this step being performed by mixing the sludge;
  • a step of evacuating water collected by condensation and runoff on the walls of the enclosure towards the bottom of the enclosure via a valve communicating with the outside.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, pendant toute la durĆ©e du sĆ©chage la boue est mĆ©langĆ©e avec le mĆ©langeur pour permettre une meilleure homogĆ©nĆ©itĆ© du sĆ©chage, tout en favorisant considĆ©rablement la pĆ©nĆ©tration des micro-ondes dans la matiĆØre.According to another feature, throughout the drying period the sludge is mixed with the mixer to allow a better homogeneity of drying, while greatly promoting the penetration of microwaves in the material.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, la pression de vapeur d'eau saturante est comprise dans une plage entre 1 bar et 3 bars.According to another feature, the saturation water vapor pressure is in a range between 1 bar and 3 bars.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, la pression de vapeur d'eau saturante est de 1 bar.According to another feature, the saturation water vapor pressure is 1 bar.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, la pression de vapeur surchauffƩe est comprise entre 1 bar et 5 bars.According to another feature, the superheated steam pressure is between 1 bar and 5 bar.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, la pression de vapeur surchauffƩe est de 3 bars.According to another feature, the superheated steam pressure is 3 bar.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, la tempĆ©rature de l'enceinte doit ĆŖtre infĆ©rieure Ć  la tempĆ©rature de la boue pour permettre une Ć©vaporation.According to another feature, the temperature of the chamber must be lower than the temperature of the sludge to allow evaporation.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, l'irradiation par les micro-ondes est effectuĆ©e lorsque la tempĆ©rature de la boue est comprise entre 110Ā°C et 140Ā°C.According to another feature, the irradiation by microwaves is performed when the temperature of the sludge is between 110 Ā° C and 140 Ā° C.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, l'irradiation par les micro-ondes est effectuĆ©e lorsque la tempĆ©rature de la boue est de 130Ā°C.According to another feature, the irradiation by microwaves is performed when the temperature of the sludge is 130 Ā° C.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procƩdƩ.Another object of the invention is to provide a device for carrying out the method.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procĆ©dĆ© est constituĆ© d'une enceinte, comportant une cuve Ć©tanche, rĆ©sistante Ć  la pression et communiquant par au moins une fenĆŖtre en quartz ou toute autre matiĆØre convenant aux micro-ondes avec au moins un gĆ©nĆ©rateur de micro-ondes, l'enceinte communiquant avec un chemin d'arrivĆ©e de vapeur saturante et une arrivĆ©e de boue Ć  sĆ©cher, un mĆ©langeur comportant des moyens d'injection de vapeur surchauffĆ©e disposĆ© dans l'enceinte, une trappe de dĆ©chargement des matiĆØres sĆ©chĆ©es.This object is achieved by the fact that the device for carrying out the method consists of an enclosure, comprising a sealed tank, resistant to pressure and communicating by at least one quartz window or any other material suitable for microwaves. waves with at least one microwave generator, the chamber communicating with a saturated steam inlet path and a sludge inlet to be dried, a mixer comprising means for injecting superheated steam disposed in the enclosure, a unloading hatch of dried materials.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, le dispositif comporte dans sa partie la plus basse orientƩe vers le sol un orifice permettant d'Ʃvacuer par gravitƩ des eaux de ruissellement contrƓlƩ par une vanne ou de rƩguler la pression interne de l'enceinte.According to another feature, the device comprises in its lower part facing the ground an orifice for discharging by gravity runoff controlled by a valve or regulate the internal pressure of the enclosure.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, l'enceinte comporte des moyens rĆ©frigĆ©rants disposĆ©s dans sa partie la plus basse de faƧon Ć  refroidir sa paroi interne en contact avec l'atmosphĆØre sous pression, les moyens Ć©tant disposĆ©s de faƧon Ć  ne refroidir qu'une partie de l'enceinte.According to another feature, the enclosure comprises cooling means arranged in its lowest part so as to cool its inner wall in contact with the pressurized atmosphere, the means being arranged so as to cool only part of the 'pregnant.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, les moyens rĆ©frigĆ©rants permettent de refroidir entre la moitiĆ© et les Ā¾ de l'enceinte.According to another feature, the cooling means allow to cool between half and Ā¾ of the enclosure.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, le mƩlangeur est formƩ d'un tube comportant au moins un ƩlƩment mƩlangeur de type pale solidaire de sa pƩriphƩrie, les moyens d'injection Ʃtant disposƩs sur cet ƩlƩment.According to another feature, the mixer is formed of a tube comprising at least one blade-type mixing element integral with its periphery, the injection means being arranged on this element.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, le tube est reliĆ© Ć  un gĆ©nĆ©rateur de vapeur surchauffĆ©e, la vapeur produite par le gĆ©nĆ©rateur circulant dans le tube pour arriver jusqu'Ć  l'Ć©lĆ©ment mĆ©langeur et ensuite ĆŖtre injectĆ©e par les moyens d'injections.According to another feature, the tube is connected to a superheated steam generator, the steam produced by the generator circulating in the tube to reach the mixing element and then be injected by the injection means.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, les moyens d'injection sont formƩs par des ouvertures formƩes sur l'ƩlƩment mƩlangeur.According to another feature, the injection means are formed by openings formed on the mixing element.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, toutes les ouvertures de l'enceinte sont obturables avec des moyens d'obturation assurant les conditions d'ƩtanchƩitƩ Ơ la pression et aux micro-ondes.According to another particularity, all the openings of the enclosure are closable with closure means ensuring the conditions of tightness to pressure and microwaves.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, l'enceinte comporte des moyens rƩfrigƩrants permettant de refroidir une partie de sa surface interne pour favoriser la condensation de l'eau ƩvaporƩe par le traitement de sƩchage.According to another feature, the enclosure comprises cooling means for cooling a portion of its inner surface to promote the condensation of water evaporated by the drying treatment.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, le dispositif comporte au moins une extrƩmitƩ obturable par une porte automatique assurant les conditions d'ƩtanchƩitƩ Ơ la pression et aux micro-ondes.According to another feature, the device comprises at least one end closable by an automatic door ensuring the conditions of tightness to pressure and microwaves.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, le gƩnƩrateur de micro-ondes communique avec l'enceinte de sƩchage Ơ travers un coupleur/adaptateur de micro-ondes.In another feature, the microwave generator communicates with the drying chamber through a coupler / microwave adapter.

Selon une autre particularitƩ, l'enceinte comporte une soupape de sƩcuritƩ.According to another feature, the enclosure comprises a safety valve.

Selon une autre particularitĆ©, la cuve est Ć©loignĆ©e des parois de l'enceinte par des supports perforĆ©s pour permettre le ruissĆØlement de l'eau condensĆ©eAccording to another feature, the tank is removed from the walls of the enclosure by perforated supports to allow the streaming of the condensed water

D'autres particularitĆ©s et avantages de la prĆ©sente invention apparaĆ®tront plus clairement Ć  la lecture de la description ci-aprĆØs faite en rĆ©fĆ©rence aux dessins annexĆ©s dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 reprĆ©sente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un mode de rĆ©alisation du dispositif selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 reprĆ©sente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un autre mode de rĆ©alisation du dispositif selon l'invention.
  • la figure 3 reprĆ©sente une vue en coupe transversale du mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 2.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the figure 3 represents a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. figure 2 .

Comme reprĆ©sentĆ© sur les figures 1, 2 et 3, le dispositif est constituĆ© d'une enceinte (1), de prĆ©fĆ©rence, cylindrique et de forme allongĆ©e en matĆ©riau mĆ©tallique avec une double paroi assurant d'une part, Ć  la fois une bonne isolation thermique et l'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© Ć  la pression de la vapeur et d'autre part, l'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© aux ondes. Cette enceinte (1) comporte au moins une extrĆ©mitĆ© ouverte sur l'extĆ©rieur et obturable par une porte (10) ou un couvercle (10). Dans un mode prĆ©fĆ©rĆ© de rĆ©alisation de l'invention, l'enceinte (1) comporte une extrĆ©mitĆ© obturable. La porte (10) permettant d'obturer les ouvertures Ć©tant rĆ©alisĆ©e de faƧon Ć  ce que l'enceinte (1) soit totalement hermĆ©tique Ć  l'air, Ć  la pression de vapeur et aux ondes telles que les micro-ondes, lorsque la porte (10) est refermĆ©e. La porte (10) comporte donc un joint (102) en Ā« TĆ©flon Ā» ou silicone pour l'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© Ć  la pression et en mĆ©tal (101) pour l'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© aux micro-ondes. Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 2 la porte (10) peut coulisser grĆ¢ce Ć  un systĆØme de dĆ©placement (152) comportant des roues (151) reliĆ© Ć  la porte. Ce systĆØme permet ainsi Ć  la porte d'ĆŖtre dĆ©placĆ©e axialement par rapport Ć  l'enceinte (1). Dans ce mode de rĆ©alisation la boue est chargĆ©e par l'ouverture formĆ©e lorsque la porte est ouverte.As shown on figures 1 , 2 and 3 , the device consists of an enclosure (1), preferably cylindrical and elongated metal material with a double wall ensuring on the one hand, both good thermal insulation and pressure tightness of the steam and on the other hand, airtightness. This enclosure (1) has at least one end open on the outside and closable by a door (10) or a cover (10). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the enclosure (1) has a closable end. The door (10) for closing the openings is made so that the enclosure (1) is completely airtight, at the vapor pressure and waves such as microwaves, when the door (10) is closed again. The door (10) therefore comprises a seal (102) made of "Teflon" or silicone for pressure-tightness and metal (101) for microwave-tightness. In the embodiment shown on the figure 2 the door (10) is slidable by means of a displacement system (152) having wheels (151) connected to the door. This system thus allows the door to be moved axially relative to the enclosure (1). In this embodiment the sludge is loaded by the opening formed when the door is open.

L'enceinte (1) est en gƩnƩrale posƩe sur le sol, et est maintenue en place par des pieds (15), la partie reposant sur le sol formant la partie basse de l'enceinte (1).The enclosure (1) is generally placed on the ground, and is held in place by feet (15), the portion resting on the ground forming the lower part of the enclosure (1).

L'enceinte (1) comporte Ć  l'intĆ©rieur, une paroi supplĆ©mentaire dans sa partie basse formant une cuve (7) sphĆ©rique dans laquelle va ĆŖtre chargĆ©e la boue (5) Ć  sĆ©cher. Cette cuve (7) comporte des rebords (71) supĆ©rieurs fixĆ©s Ć  l'enceinte (1) et sur lesquels sont formĆ©s des petites ouvertures. Ces ouvertures permettent l'Ć©vacuation vers le fond de l'enceinte (1) des eaux condensĆ©es sur la paroi interne de l'enceinte (1).The enclosure (1) has inside, an additional wall in its lower part forming a spherical tank (7) in which will be loaded the sludge (5) to be dried. This tank (7) has upper flanges (71) fixed to the enclosure (1) and on which small openings are formed. These openings allow evacuation to the bottom of the chamber (1) condensed water on the inner wall of the enclosure (1).

Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 1, la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher est chargĆ©e dans l'enceinte (1) par une arrivĆ©e de matiĆØre (8). Cette arrivĆ©e (8) est disposĆ©e sur une face de l'enceinte (1) Ć  mi-hauteur de celle-ci.In the embodiment shown on the figure 1 , the material (5) to be dried is loaded into the enclosure (1) by a material inlet (8). This inlet (8) is disposed on a face of the enclosure (1) at mid-height thereof.

Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 2, le chargement de la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher se fait grĆ¢ce Ć  la cuve qui Ć©tant disposĆ©e sur un chariot (152) roulant (151) peut ĆŖtre dĆ©placĆ©e latĆ©ralement, le dĆ©chargement se faisant par retournement de la cuve.In the embodiment shown on the figure 2 , the loading of the material (5) to be dried is through the tank which is disposed on a carriage (152) rolling (151) can be moved laterally, unloading is done by turning the vessel.

Les boues (5) concernƩes par l'invention sont des boues du type boues d'Ʃpuration, lisier, dƩchets de fosses septiques...etc.The sludge (5) concerned by the invention are sludge type sludge, slurry, waste septic tanks ... etc.

L'enceinte (1) comporte Ć©galement au moins une ouverture (2) arrondie ou rectangulaire constituant une fenĆŖtre (2). Dans un mode de rĆ©alisation de l'invention, l'enceinte (1) comporte plusieurs fenĆŖtres (2). Ces fenĆŖtres (2) sont constituĆ©es en matĆ©riau Ć©tanche Ć  la vapeur mais laissant passer les rayonnements de micro-ondes. Dans un mode de rĆ©alisation les fenĆŖtres (2) sont en quartz. Dans un autre mode de rĆ©alisation les fenĆŖtres (2) sont en Ā« TĆ©flon Ā», ou tout autre matĆ©riau permettant les rayonnements Ć©lectromagnĆ©tiques et l'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© Ć  la vapeur. Ces fenĆŖtres (2) sous pression permettent d'Ć©mettre les ondes (23) vers l'intĆ©rieur de l'enceinte (1) et sont dites fenĆŖtres (2) Ć©mettrices. Elles permettent ainsi de laisser passer les ondes (23) qui vont irradier ensuite la boue (5) Ć  sĆ©cher. Les ondes (23) sont amenĆ©es par un guide d'onde (24) Ć  au moins une fenĆŖtre (2). Le guide d'onde (24) communique Ć  travers un coupleur/adaptateur d'impĆ©dance (21) et le gĆ©nĆ©rateur de micro-ondes (22). Le gĆ©nĆ©rateur (22) d'ondes (23) permet ainsi d'irradier la boue (5) Ć  sĆ©cher. Les fenĆŖtres (2) sont disposĆ©es dans la partie haute de l'enceinte (1) c'est Ć  dire la partie opposĆ©e Ć  celle qui repose sur le sol.The enclosure (1) also comprises at least one rounded or rectangular aperture (2) constituting a window (2). In one embodiment of the invention, the enclosure (1) comprises a plurality of windows (2). These windows (2) are made of vapor-tight material but passing microwave radiation. In one embodiment, the windows (2) are made of quartz. In another embodiment the windows (2) are "Teflon", or any other material allowing electromagnetic radiation and vapor tightness. These windows (2) under pressure can emit the waves (23) to the inside of the enclosure (1) and are said windows (2) emitter. They thus allow to pass the waves (23) which will then irradiate the sludge (5) to dry. The waves (23) are brought by a waveguide (24) to at least one window (2). The waveguide (24) communicates through an impedance coupler / adapter (21) and the microwave generator (22). The wave generator (22) (23) thus makes it possible to irradiate the sludge (5) to be dried. The windows (2) are arranged in the upper part of the enclosure (1) that is to say the part opposite to that which rests on the ground.

Dans un premier mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 1, l'enceinte (1) est verticale, dans ce cas elle est plus haute que large. Dans ce mode de rĆ©alisation l'enceinte (1) comporte une ouverture Ć  l'extrĆ©mitĆ© opposĆ©e Ć  celle reposant sur le sol. Les fenĆŖtres (2) sont alors disposĆ©es sur la partie haute dessous l'ouverture et donc au dessous du couvercle (10). Dans ce cas les ondes sont, Ć  la sortie des fenĆŖtres, perpendiculaires par rapport au fond de la cuve et sont ensuite redirigĆ©es de faƧon Ć  arriver verticalement dans la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher.In a first embodiment shown on the figure 1 , the enclosure (1) is vertical, in this case it is higher than wide. In this embodiment the enclosure (1) has an opening at the end opposite to that resting on the ground. The windows (2) are then arranged on the upper part below the opening and therefore below the lid (10). In this case the waves are, at the exit of the windows, perpendicular to the bottom of the tank and are then redirected to arrive vertically in the material (5) to dry.

Dans un autre mode de rĆ©alisation les fenĆŖtres (2) sont disposĆ©es sur le couvercle (10) et permettent ainsi un rayonnement direct qui arrive verticalement dans la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher.In another embodiment the windows (2) are arranged on the cover (10) and thus allow a direct radiation which arrives vertically in the material (5) to be dried.

Dans un deuxiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 2, la cuve est disposĆ©e horizontalement, elle est alors plus large que haute. Dans ce cas l'ouverture qui est toujours Ć  une extrĆ©mitĆ© va se retrouver disposĆ©e sur le cotĆ© opposĆ© Ć  l'alimentation. Les fenĆŖtres (2) sont alors disposĆ©es toujours dans la partie haute de l'enceinte (1) c'est Ć  dire dans la partie opposĆ©e Ć  celle reposant sur le sol.In a second embodiment shown on the figure 2 , the tank is arranged horizontally, it is then wider than it is high. In this case the opening which is always at one end will be disposed on the opposite side to the power supply. The windows (2) are then always arranged in the upper part of the enclosure (1) that is to say in the opposite part to that resting on the ground.

Quelque soit le mode de rĆ©alisation lorsque les fenĆŖtres (2) sont rectangulaires elles sont disposĆ©es de faƧon a ĆŖtre inversĆ©es l'une par rapport Ć  l'autre, c'est Ć  dire qu'une fenĆŖtre est disposĆ©e dans le sens de la longueur et celle Ć  cotĆ© dans le sens de la hauteur etc. comme illustrĆ© sur la figure 2.Whatever the embodiment when the windows (2) are rectangular, they are arranged so as to be inverted relative to one another, ie a window is arranged in the direction of the length and the one next to the direction of the height etc. as illustrated on the figure 2 .

L'enceinte (1) est en communication par au moins deux canalisations avec au moins deux systĆØmes gĆ©nĆ©rateurs de vapeur.The enclosure (1) is in communication with at least two pipes with at least two steam generator systems.

Un premier gĆ©nĆ©rateur (9) gĆ©nĆØre de la vapeur saturante. Cette vapeur est injectĆ©e dans toute l'enceinte (1) avant le chargement de la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher.A first generator (9) generates saturating steam. This steam is injected into the entire enclosure (1) before loading the material (5) to be dried.

Un deuxiĆØme gĆ©nĆ©rateur (32) gĆ©nĆØre de la vapeur surchauffĆ©e. Cette vapeur surchauffĆ©e est directement injectĆ©e dans la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher.A second generator (32) generates superheated steam. This superheated steam is directly injected into the material (5) to be dried.

A l'intĆ©rieur de l'enceinte (1) est disposĆ© un mĆ©langeur (3). Ce mĆ©langeur (3) est formĆ© d'un tube (31, 31') qui traverse l'enceinte (1). Ce tube (31, 31') est reliĆ© au gĆ©nĆ©rateur (32) de vapeur surchauffĆ©e. Le tube (31, 31') comporte au moins un Ć©lĆ©ment (35, 35') mĆ©langeur. Cet Ć©lĆ©ment (35, 35') mĆ©langeur dispose de moyens (33, 33') d'injection de la vapeur surchauffĆ©e. Les moyens d'injection (33, 33') sont formĆ©s par des ouvertures (33, 33') formĆ©es sur l'Ć©lĆ©ment (35, 35') mĆ©langeur. La vapeur produite par le gĆ©nĆ©rateur (32) circule dans le tube pour arriver jusqu'Ć  l'Ć©lĆ©ment (35, 35') mĆ©langeur et est ensuite injectĆ©e par les moyens (33, 33') d'injection au coeur de la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher.Inside the enclosure (1) is arranged a mixer (3). This mixer (3) is formed of a tube (31, 31 ') which passes through the enclosure (1). This tube (31, 31 ') is connected to the superheated steam generator (32). The tube (31, 31 ') comprises at minus one element (35, 35 ') mixer. This element (35, 35 ') mixer has means (33, 33') for injecting superheated steam. The injection means (33, 33 ') are formed by openings (33, 33') formed on the mixing element (35, 35 '). The steam produced by the generator (32) flows in the tube to reach the mixing element (35, 35 ') and is then injected by the injection means (33, 33') into the core of the material ( 5) to dry.

Dans le premier mode de rĆ©alisation l'Ć©lĆ©ment (35) mĆ©langeur est formĆ© par des pales fixĆ©es Ć  l'extrĆ©mitĆ© du tube (31) arrivant au fond de l'enceinte (1). Le mĆ©langeur tourne grĆ¢ce Ć  un moteur (34) disposĆ© Ć  l'extĆ©rieur de l'enceinte (1). Les pales Ć©pousent la forme sphĆ©rique ou elliptique du fond de la cuve (7).In the first embodiment the mixing element (35) is formed by blades fixed to the end of the tube (31) arriving at the bottom of the enclosure (1). The mixer rotates thanks to a motor (34) disposed outside the enclosure (1). The blades follow the spherical or elliptical shape of the bottom of the tank (7).

Le tube est dƩcalƩ par rapport Ơ l'axe (A) de symƩtrie de la cuve, c'est Ơ dire proche de la paroi ƩloignƩe de la source de micro-ondes.The tube is offset relative to the axis (A) of symmetry of the tank, that is to say close to the wall remote from the microwave source.

Dans le deuxiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation l'Ć©lĆ©ment (35') mĆ©langeur est formĆ© par des pales rectangulaires fixĆ©es sur la pĆ©riphĆ©rie du tube (31') de prĆ©fĆ©rence selon une gĆ©omĆ©trie hĆ©licoĆÆdale et dĆ©calĆ©es entre elles. Le tube tourne grĆ¢ce Ć  un moteur (34) et se comporte comme une vis sans fin.In the second embodiment the mixing element (35 ') is formed by rectangular blades fixed on the periphery of the tube (31') preferably in a helical geometry and offset from each other. The tube rotates with a motor (34) and behaves like a worm.

Dans les deux cas les pales sont fixĆ©es de faƧon Ć  arriver le plus proche possible du fond de la cuve (7) pour mĆ©langer un maximum de matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher. Le matĆ©riau utilisĆ© pour les pales est un matĆ©riau rĆ©sistant aux micro-ondes. Le matĆ©riau peut ĆŖtre par exemple du pyrex ou du Ā« TĆ©flon Ā».In both cases the blades are fixed so as to arrive as close as possible to the bottom of the tank (7) to mix a maximum of material (5) to dry. The material used for the blades is a microwave resistant material. The material may for example be pyrex or "Teflon".

Les pales sont fixĆ©es de faƧon Ć  ne pas dĆ©passer de la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher avant sĆ©chage et la quantitĆ© de matiĆØre (5) est adaptĆ©e de faƧon Ć  ce qu'en fin de sĆ©chage les pales ne dĆ©passent pas trop pour Ć©viter les problĆØmes dus aux chocs avec les micro-ondes.The blades are fixed so as not to exceed the material (5) to dry before drying and the amount of material (5) is adapted so that at the end of drying the blades do not exceed too much to avoid problems due to shocks with microwaves.

Le rĆ“le des mĆ©langeurs Ć©tant d'une part de mĆ©langer la boue (5) pour avoir un sĆ©chage homogĆØne et d'autre part d'accroitre la pĆ©nĆ©tration des micro-ondes dans la boue (5) et favoriser le sĆ©chage. En effet sans mĆ©lange de la boue, une croute sĆØche se forme rapidement Ć  sa surface ce qui empĆŖche les micro-ondes de pĆ©nĆ©trer correctement, et empĆŖche donc un sĆ©chage efficace et homogĆØne.The role of the mixers is on the one hand to mix the sludge (5) to have a homogeneous drying and on the other hand to increase the penetration of microwaves in the sludge (5) and promote drying. Indeed without mixing the mud, a dry crust forms quickly on its surface which prevents the microwaves to penetrate properly, and thus prevents an effective drying and homogeneous.

Les eaux de condensation sont ƩvacuƩes par une canalisation (4) contrƓlƩe par une vanne (41) d'Ʃvacuation et disposƩe dans la partie basse de l'enceinte.The condensation water is discharged through a pipe (4) controlled by a valve (41) for evacuation and disposed in the lower part of the enclosure.

Cette vanne (41) d'Ć©vacuation permet de maintenir l'enceinte (1) Ć  la pression dĆ©sirĆ©e, d'Ć©vacuer de la pression si celle-ci est trop Ć©levĆ©e et enfin de mettre l'enceinte (1) Ć  l'atmosphĆØre une fois le processus de sĆ©chage achevĆ©.This evacuation valve (41) makes it possible to maintain the enclosure (1) at the desired pressure, to evacuate the pressure if it is too high and finally to put the enclosure (1) in the atmosphere a once the drying process is complete.

La partie supƩrieure de l'enceinte (1) comporte une soupape de sƩcuritƩ (12) qui est rƩglƩe en fonction de la pression dƩsirƩe et qui va servir uniquement en cas d'incident nƩcessitant de rƩguler la pression autrement qu'avec la vanne (41) d'Ʃvacuation. Cette soupape (12) ne sera donc, dans un fonctionnement normal du dispositif, jamais utilisƩe.The upper part of the enclosure (1) comprises a safety valve (12) which is regulated according to the desired pressure and which will be used only in the event of an incident requiring pressure regulation other than with the valve (41). ) evacuation. This valve (12) will therefore, in normal operation of the device, never used.

L'enceinte (1) comporte Ʃgalement des moyens rƩfrigƩrant (203) dans sa double paroi. Ces moyens rƩfrigƩrant (203) sont disposƩs de faƧon Ơ permettre le refroidissement de la partie base de l'enceinte (1) et ainsi la condensation des eaux d'Ʃvaporation. Les moyens rƩfrigƩrant (203) sont par exemple des serpentins dans lesquels circule un gaz refroidissant.The enclosure (1) also comprises cooling means (203) in its double wall. These cooling means (203) are arranged to allow the cooling of the base portion of the chamber (1) and thus the condensation of the evaporation water. The cooling means (203) are for example coils in which circulates a cooling gas.

Ces moyens (203) de refroidissement dĆ©limitent une zone froide (200) et une zone chaude (300) dans l'enceinte. La sĆ©paration (202) entre les deux zones se situant environ entre la moitiĆ© et les Ā¾ de la partie basse de l'enceinte.These cooling means (203) define a cold zone (200) and a hot zone (300) in the enclosure. The separation (202) between the two zones being approximately between half and Ā¾ of the lower part of the enclosure.

L'enceinte (1) comporte dans sa partie basse une trappe (6) qui permet d'Ć©vacuer la matiĆØre sĆ©chĆ©e lorsque le cycle de sĆ©chage est terminĆ©. Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 1, cette trappe (6) comporte Ć©galement un guide qui va permettre au mĆ©langeur (3) d'ĆŖtre maintenu droit et ainsi Ć©viter son balancement lors du mĆ©lange.The enclosure (1) has in its lower part a hatch (6) which allows to evacuate the dried material when the drying cycle is completed. In the embodiment shown on the figure 1 , this hatch (6) also comprises a guide which will allow the mixer (3) to be kept straight and thus prevent its swaying during mixing.

L'enceinte (1) comporte des moyens (11) de mesure de la tempĆ©rature et de la pression afin de rĆ©guler ces paramĆØtres au cours du sĆ©chage.The enclosure (1) comprises means (11) for measuring the temperature and the pressure in order to regulate these parameters during drying.

L'ensemble des ouvertures de l'enceinte (1) comporte un systĆØme de vanne (91, 81, 61, 41) permettant Ć  l'enceinte (1) de rester hermĆ©tique et Ć©vitant aussi la fuite des micro-ondes.The set of openings of the enclosure (1) comprises a valve system (91, 81, 61, 41) allowing the enclosure (1) to remain hermetic and also avoiding the leakage of microwaves.

L'ensemble des pressions et des tempƩratures utilisƩes dans le cadre de l'invention Ʃtant calculƩ Ơ partir notamment du diagramme de Mollier.The set of pressures and temperatures used in the context of the invention being calculated from, in particular, the Mollier diagram.

Le procƩdƩ de sƩchage mettant en oeuvre le dispositif prƩcƩdemment dƩcrit comporte les opƩrations suivantes :

  • mise sous pression de l'enceinte (1) par envoi de vapeur saturante dans l'enceinte (1) jusqu'Ć  atteindre la pression correspondant Ć  la tempĆ©rature de fonctionnement souhaitĆ©e en vapeur saturante. On pourra choisir par exemple une pression de 1 bar pour une tempĆ©rature de 100Ā° Celsius de la vapeur saturante Ć  3 bars pour une tempĆ©rature de 130Ā° Celsius de la vapeur saturante.
  • introduction de la matiĆØre (5) Ć  sĆ©cher qui se trouve sous forme de boue, Ć  ce stade la boue (5) comporte entre 70 et 80% d'eau ;
  • envoi de la vapeur surchauffĆ©e par l'intermĆ©diaire du tube (31, 31') et des Ć©lĆ©ments (35, 35') mĆ©langeur au coeur de la boue (5) Ć  sĆ©cher tout en mĆ©langeant. Le mĆ©lange est trĆØs important car il permet de sĆ©cher uniformĆ©ment. La vapeur surchauffĆ©e est injectĆ©e Ć  une pression de 1 bar Ć  5 bars, et dans un mode de rĆ©alisation de 3 bars. Ce qui permet d'avoir une tempĆ©rature de la boue (5) aux environs de 130Ā°C. Cette Ć©tape permet d'effectuer un prĆ©-sĆ©chage de la matiĆØre.
  • lorsque la tempĆ©rature atteint 130Ā°C envoi des micro-ondes pour accĆ©lĆ©rer le sĆ©chage de la matiĆØre. La longueur d'onde des micro-ondes se situe entre 400 et 2450 MHz.
The drying process using the device previously described comprises the following operations:
  • pressurizing the chamber (1) by sending saturating vapor into the chamber (1) until the pressure corresponding to the desired saturation vapor operating temperature is reached. For example, it is possible to choose a pressure of 1 bar for a temperature of 100 Ā° Celsius of the saturating vapor at 3 bars for a temperature of 130 Ā° Celsius of the saturating vapor.
  • introduction of the material (5) to be dried which is in the form of sludge, at this stage the sludge (5) comprises between 70 and 80% of water;
  • sending the superheated steam through the tube (31, 31 ') and the elements (35, 35') mixer in the heart of the sludge (5) to be dried while mixing. The mixture is very important because it allows to dry evenly. The superheated steam is injected at a pressure of 1 bar at 5 bar, and in an embodiment of 3 bar. This makes it possible to have a temperature of the sludge (5) at around 130 Ā° C. This step makes it possible to pre-dry the material.
  • when the temperature reaches 130 Ā° C sending microwaves to accelerate the drying of the material. The wavelength of the microwaves is between 400 and 2450 MHz.

Il y'a donc une diffƩrence de pression entre la partie haute de l'enceinte (1) et la partie basse de l'enceinte (1) ou se trouve la boue (5). Ce diffƩrentiel de pression va favoriser l'Ʃvacuation de l'eau vers l'extƩrieur de la boue (5). La puissance des gƩnƩrateurs Ơ micro-ondes est calculƩe de faƧon Ơ atteindre une tempƩrature de boues (5) supƩrieure Ơ celle de la vapeur saturante.There is therefore a pressure difference between the upper part of the chamber (1) and the lower part of the chamber (1) where the sludge (5) is located. This pressure differential will promote the evacuation of water to the outside of the sludge (5). The power of the microwave generators is calculated so as to reach a sludge temperature (5) higher than that of the saturating vapor.

Etant donnĆ© la prĆ©sence d'une pression de vapeur saturante, l'humiditĆ© dĆ©gagĆ©e par la boue lors de son traitement va donc ruisseler sur les parois froides par gravitĆ© pour ĆŖtre rĆ©cupĆ©rĆ©e en-dessous de la grille (71) par la vanne (41) d'Ć©vacuation. L'ouverture de la vanne (41) est dĆ©clenchĆ©e Ć  intervalles rĆ©guliers par le systĆØme de contrĆ“le dĆØs que le niveau se rapproche de la grille. L'enceinte (1) comporte un dispositif dĆ©tecteur de niveau permettant l'ouverture automatique de la vanne (41).Given the presence of saturation vapor pressure, the humidity released by the sludge during its treatment will therefore run off the cold walls by gravity to be recovered below the gate (71) by the valve (41) evacuation. The opening of the valve (41) is triggered at regular intervals by the control system as soon as the level approaches the grid. The enclosure (1) comprises a level detector device for the automatic opening of the valve (41).

Au bout d'un certain temps lorsque la boue est sĆ©chĆ©e, le gĆ©nĆ©rateur de micro-ondes est Ć©galement arrĆŖtĆ© et la pression diminuĆ©e pour arriver progressivement Ć  la pression atmosphĆ©rique.After a while when the sludge is dried, the microwave generator is also stopped and the pressure decreased to gradually reach atmospheric pressure.

Par la mise en saturation du milieu ambiant autour de la boue (5) et l'utilisation judicieuse de puissance de micro-ondes avec des consommations d'Ʃnergie bien infƩrieures Ơ celles gƩnƩralement utilisƩes dans l'art antƩrieur, on arrive Ơ accƩlƩrer le processus d'Ʃvacuation de l'humiditƩ interne de la boue (5) et obtenir des sƩchages plus rapides avec une consommation d'Ʃnergie infƩrieure.By saturation of the ambient environment around the sludge (5) and the judicious use of microwave power with much lower energy consumption than those generally used in the prior art, it is possible to accelerate the process. evacuation of the internal moisture of the sludge (5) and obtain faster drying with lower energy consumption.

De plus le fait de travailler sous pression saturante, Ć©vite les phĆ©nomĆØnes d'explosions en empĆŖchant la prĆ©sence d'oxygĆØne.In addition, working under saturating pressure avoids the phenomena of explosions by preventing the presence of oxygen.

Il doit ĆŖtre Ć©vident pour l'homme du mĆ©tier que la prĆ©sente invention permet des modes de rĆ©alisation sous de nombreuses autres formes spĆ©cifiques sans l'Ć©loigner du domaine d'application de l'invention comme revendiquĆ©e. Par consĆ©quent, les prĆ©sents modes de rĆ©alisation doivent ĆŖtre considĆ©rĆ©s Ć  titre d'illustration, mais peuvent ĆŖtre modifiĆ©s dans le domaine dĆ©fini par la portĆ©e des revendications jointes, et l'invention ne doit pas ĆŖtre limitĆ©e aux dĆ©tails donnĆ©s ci-dessus.It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention permits embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, but may be modified within the scope defined by the scope of the appended claims, and the invention should not be limited to the details given above.

Claims (22)

  1. Method of drying sludge (5) such as sewage sludges, liquid manure or the output from septic tanks by irradiation with microwaves, wherein the method of drying sludge includes:
    - a step of pressurising a sealed chamber (1) to a defined pressure and maintaining this pressure for a defined time,
    - a step of heating to the centre of the sludge (5) by the emission of microwaves (23), the method of drying of sludges being characterised in that the step of pressurising the sealed chamber (1) to a defined pressure is carried out at least by the injection of saturating water vapour, the step of pressurising being followed by:
    - a step of loading the sludges into a tank (7) which is remote from the walls of the chamber (1) with loading means which ensure the maintenance of the pressure,
    - a step of injection of superheated steam into the sludge (5) by means of a mixer (3) acting close to the wall of the tank which is most remote relative to the source (22) of the microwaves including injection means (33),
    - the step of heating to the centre of the sludge (5) by the emission of microwaves (23) at frequencies of between 400 and 2450 MHz in the direction of the tank, this step being carried out while mixing the sludge (5),
    - a step of evacuation whereby the water collected by condensation and run-off on the walls of the chamber towards the bottom of the chamber (1) is removed by means of a valve (41) which communicated with the exterior.
  2. Method of drying as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that over the entire duration of the drying the sludge (5) is mixed by the mixer (3) in order to enable greater homogeneity of the drying, whilst considerably favouring the penetration of the microwaves into the material.
  3. Method of drying as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the saturating water vapour pressure is in a range between 1 bar and 3 bars.
  4. Method of drying as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the saturating water vapour pressure is 1 bar.
  5. Method of drying as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the superheated steam pressure is between 1 bar and 5 bars.
  6. Method of drying as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that the superheated steam pressure is 3 bars.
  7. Method of drying as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the temperature of the chamber must be lower than the temperature of the sludge (5) in order to permit evaporation.
  8. Method of drying as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the irradiation by the microwaves is effected when the temperature of the sludge (5) is between 110Ā°C and 140Ā°C.
  9. Method of drying as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the irradiation by the microwaves is effected when the temperature of the sludge (5) is 130Ā°C.
  10. Device enabling the method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 9 to be carried out, this device comprising a sealed chamber (1) which is resistant to pressure and communicates via at least one window (2) made of quartz or any other material suitable for use with microwaves with at least one microwave generator (22), the chamber comprising a mixer (3) and a door (6) for unloading the dried sludges, characterised in that the chamber includes a tank (7) remote rom the walls of the chamber, the chamber (1) communicating with a saturating steam generator (32) and an inlet (8) for sludge (5) to be dried, the mixer (3) including means (33) for the injection of superheated steam disposed in the tank.
  11. Device as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that it includes in its lowest part oriented towards the ground an orifice (4) which makes it possible to remove the run-off water by gravity, controlled by an evacuation valve (41) or to regulate the internal pressure in the chamber.
  12. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 11, characterised in that the chamber (1) includes refrigerating means (203) disposed in the lowest part thereof in such a way as to cool the internal wall thereof in contact with the pressurised atmosphere, the means being disposed in such a way that only part of the chamber is cooled.
  13. Device as claimed in Claim 12, characterised in that the refrigerating means (203) make it possible to cool between half and three-quarters of the chamber.
  14. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the mixer (3) is formed from a tube (31) including at least one mixer element (35) of the vane type joined to the periphery thereof, the injection means (33) being disposed on this element.
  15. Device as claimed in Claim 14, characterised in that the tube (31) is connected to a superheated steam generator (32), wherein the steam produced by the generator circulates in the tube (31) to arrive at the mixer element (35) and is then injected by the injection means (33).
  16. Device as claimed in Claim 14 or Claim 15, characterised in that the injection means (33) are formed by openings formed on the mixer element (35).
  17. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 16, characterised in that all of the openings of the chamber (1) can be closed off by closure which ensure the sealing conditions against the pressure and the microwaves.
  18. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 17, characterised in that the chamber (1) includes refrigerating means (203) which make it possible to cool a part of the internal surface thereof in order to favour the condensation of the water evaporated by the drying treatment.
  19. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 18, characterised in that it includes at least one end which can be closed off by an automatic door (10) which ensures the sealing conditions against the pressure and the microwaves.
  20. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 19, characterised in that the microwave generator (22) communicates with the drying chamber (1) through a microwave coupler/adapter (21).
  21. Device as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 20, characterised in that the chamber (1) includes a safety valve (12).
  22. Device as claimed in Claims 10 to 21, characterised in that the tank is distanced from the walls of the chamber by perforated supports in order to allow run-off of the condensed water.
EP07290491A 2006-04-21 2007-04-20 Method of drying sludge and apparatus for carrying out the method Active EP1847791B1 (en)

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FR0603551A FR2900224B1 (en) 2006-04-21 2006-04-21 METHOD FOR DRYING SLUDGE AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD

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JP (1) JP4875146B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101394623B1 (en)
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AU2007242682A1 (en) 2007-11-01
PL1847791T3 (en) 2012-03-30
PT1847791E (en) 2011-11-28
JP2009534623A (en) 2009-09-24
KR101394623B1 (en) 2014-05-13
WO2007122328A8 (en) 2008-12-18
NO20084754L (en) 2008-12-12
CN101454630B (en) 2012-12-26
KR20090007458A (en) 2009-01-16
ATE523746T1 (en) 2011-09-15
FR2900224B1 (en) 2008-07-04
US20090229140A1 (en) 2009-09-17
UA94747C2 (en) 2011-06-10
MX2008013504A (en) 2009-02-23
ES2372313T3 (en) 2012-01-18
CA2650025A1 (en) 2007-11-01
RU2008142146A (en) 2010-05-27
JP4875146B2 (en) 2012-02-15
NZ572340A (en) 2011-07-29
EP1847791A1 (en) 2007-10-24
RU2419049C2 (en) 2011-05-20
ZA200809360B (en) 2009-07-29
CA2650025C (en) 2015-06-23
CN101454630A (en) 2009-06-10
WO2007122328A1 (en) 2007-11-01
AU2007242682B2 (en) 2011-12-22
MA30417B1 (en) 2009-05-04
FR2900224A1 (en) 2007-10-26
DK1847791T3 (en) 2012-01-09

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