EP1797258B1 - Stabilised supporting structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a support structure for machines, plants, buildings and other structures, which is ausgestettet with an arrangement for their stabilization the stabilization arrangement serves at the same time the stiffening of the support structure and its stabilization against vibrations, such as those caused by earthquakes. Preferably, the support structure according to the invention is designed as a frame structures.

From time immemorial, it has been known, especially in the construction industry, to statically stabilize supporting structures, such as frame structures of tall buildings, by stiffening elements, the corresponding stiffening elements assisting the load transfer of the construction. Common here is in particular the so-called "support triangle" or the stiffening of frame structures by means of diagonally arranged struts, which are incorporated load-free in a corresponding support structure. It is also known to stabilize high structures, such as steel masts, by tension cables or tie rods. Although the above measures are very effective in terms of static stabilization of different support structures and in so far indispensable in many cases, but they are only partially effective in dynamic loads occurring, as they are, for example, strong, caused by earthquake vibrations. At least with them a uniaxial stabilization against dynamic loads, respectively, the stabilization of a structural element, such as a cell of a frame construction with only one strut, not possible. Rather, to obtain a certain stabilizing effect against dynamic loads, it is necessary to arrange corresponding stiffening elements, such as drawstrings, in pairs and in opposite directions. By the Fig. 9 will be a corresponding, this prior art illustrative arrangement reproduced by way of example. A comparable solution is also by the US 6,233,884 B1 disclosed.

With regard to the protection of structures against vibrations, such as those caused by earthquakes, the use of dampers, in particular viscous dampers, has been proposed in various ways in the past. A corresponding solution with a diagonally arranged in a frame structure damper is, for example, by the WO01 / 73238 A2 disclosed. The presented solution, however, has the disadvantage that it has to be very massively designed with regard to load changing between train and pressure, as is typical in practice, in particular also in the case of earthquakes, at the pressure loads on the damper or the fasteners the damper or given for the fasteners for construction risk of buckling low. This requirement of a massive design brings with the use of said solution relatively high costs. In addition, the damper does not contribute to the static stiffening of the support structure. Rather, for this purpose, as from the Fig. 5 the said document, separate stiffening elements on the support structure, for example, in other frames of a frame construction, arranged.

The object is achieved by a support structure having the features of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments or further developments of the support structure according to the invention are given by the subclaims.

The support structure according to the invention, which is equipped with a vibration-stabilizing arrangement, serves as a support structure for technical objects, such as machinery, equipment, buildings or other structures. The invention relates to supporting structures, which consist of supporting elements which are used as supports or horizontal In the JP 04272312 A describes a structure for stabilizing an object floating on the water with regard to its position and against oscillations caused by the waves. Accordingly, the object in question is secured on two sides with traction cables anchored to the bottom of the respective body of water, into which a spring and a damper are inserted in mutually parallel arrangement. Further, a floating body is arranged below the floating object, with which the object is connected directly via a compression spring and a damper arranged parallel to this compression spring. The wave movements are detected by means of a sensor and the damping coefficients of the dampers arranged parallel to the springs for the stabilization of the floating object, controlled by a computer, are changed as a function of the sensor signal. Accordingly, the solution described is an actively controlled structure whose use in the light of the effort required to control the damper behavior should be reserved for special applications. In addition, since the object to be secured floats, the elements that stabilize the object against the waves need not assume any support function in the sense of removing static loads.

In the JP 200 136651 A describes a solution for stabilizing tower-like structures, according to which such a structure is designed as a double cylinder structure, wherein an inner and a concentrically arranged outer cylinder are connected to each other via viscous damper. The inner cylinder is tensioned by means of tensioning cables which are fastened to the ground by means of tautly holding springs. However, since the viscous dampers are rigidly connected by their ends to the double cylinder structure, they are stressed both on train and on pressure. Strong vibrations, for example as a result of an earthquake, can thereby cause very high pressure forces on the dampers and thereby possibly lead to their buckling and thus to their destruction. The object of the invention is to provide a cost-effective support structure for technical objects, which is equipped with a vibration-stabilizing arrangement that can accommodate both static and high dynamic loads without the risk of buckling of their elements. Support beams are formed and / or form a frame construction. Here, in a conventional manner, adjacent support elements by means of clamping elements, such as tension cables, tie rods or drawstrings, clamped together. According to the invention, however, at least one uniaxially acting additional element designed as a parallel connection between at least one spring and at least one viscous or viscoelastic damper is arranged between the clamping elements. The clamping elements which clamp the support elements together and the one or more arranged between them additional elements form according to the invention a stabilization unit. Within the stabilization unit thus formed, the clamping elements and the one or more additional elements are connected in series with each other. In essential to the invention, a bias voltage for the clamping elements is generated by means of additional elements. As a result, the stabilization unit forms a static reinforcement for the support structure, which acts load-bearing even under strong dynamic load, for example, by vibrations, such as those caused by earthquakes. Due to the prestressing of the ropes or drawstrings, no pressure forces are generated in the stabilization unit when seismic action occurs. The damping and the spring stiffness of the stabilization unit formed by the arrangement according to the invention thus also act in an advantageous manner even with alternating stresses (change between train and pressure), since only the static tensile force is increased or reduced by earthquake forces. Elaborate or further, additional pressure stiffening, which prevent buckling of the stabilization unit under pressure, are usually not necessary. At the same time, the prestressing of the tensioning elements causes the rigidity or strength of the stabilization unit to contribute to the load transfer of the earthquake forces through the support structure. Thus, the unit also serves the (static) stiffening of the support structure according to the invention. The system damping and system resistance for picking up earthquake forces are effectively increased.

In the case of the spring or the springs of the additional element arranged between the clamping elements, according to a possible Embodiment of the invention to act helical compression springs. The coupling between a clamping element and an additional element takes place via a force applied to the pressure force of the helical compression spring or springs coupling element which deflects this pressure force and transmits as a tensile force on the clamping element.

But the spring or the springs of the additional element may also be formed as a tension spring, wherein the coupling between a clamping element and this additional element is then given by a coupling element, via which the tensile force acting on it the tension spring or tension springs is transmitted almost directly to the clamping element.

With regard to the design of the support structure, in particular the connection stabilization unit within the support structure, different possibilities are given. For example, the stabilization unit can connect the support elements of a frame construction to one another. According to a practical design possibility, a diagonal bracing for the frame of the frame construction is formed by the stabilization unit, wherein the stabilization unit preferably connects two corner points of the frame to one another.

However, a support structure designed according to the invention for a technical object can also be such that a support element of this support structure is connected via a stabilization unit formed by clamping elements and additional elements with an adjacently arranged support element of a corresponding support structure for a second technical object.

Fig. 1

Eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützkonstruktion.

Fig. 2

Die schematische Darstellung einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform

Fig. 3 - 5

Abwandlungen der zuvor erläuterten Ausführungsformen beziehungsweise Möglichkeiten ihrer Kombination Stabilisierungseinheit innerhalb der

Fig. 6 - 8

Möglichkeiten der Anbindung der Stabilisierungseinheit innerhalb der erfindungsgemäßen Stützkonstruktion

Fig. 9

Die schematische Darstellung einer Stützkonstruktion nach dem Stand der Technik

Fig. 10

Die schematische Darstellung einer aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösung zur Stabilisierung von Bauwerken gegenüber durch Erdbeben verursachten Schwingungen

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show:

Fig. 1

A schematic representation of a first embodiment of the support structure according to the invention.

Fig. 2

The schematic representation of another possible embodiment

Fig. 3-5

Modifications of the previously explained embodiments or possibilities of their combination stabilization unit within the

Fig. 6-8

Possibilities of connection of the stabilization unit within the support structure according to the invention

Fig. 9

The schematic representation of a support structure according to the prior art

Fig. 10

The schematic representation of a known from the prior art solution for the stabilization of structures against vibrations caused by earthquakes

The Fig. 1 and 2 each show in a schematic representation possible embodiments of the support structure according to the invention. These are opposed to forms of training in the Fig.9 and 10th are also shown schematically and which are known from the prior art, on the one hand for the static stabilization of buildings and on the other hand, to protect against earthquake-induced vibrations. To better clarify the effect achieved with the special design of the support structure according to the invention should first briefly on the in the FIGS. 9 and 10 sketched, known from the prior art arrangements are received. The Figure 9 schematically illustrates a support structure designed as a frame construction 10 7, which is statically stabilized by diagonally arranged stiffening elements 11, 11 ', for example, corresponding struts. As already emphasized at the beginning, corresponding arrangements in which the struts are inserted without load into the supporting structure have proven to be quite suitable for static stabilization. With regard to the interception of dynamic stresses, however, it is not sufficient to stabilize such a frame construction 10 by means of only one, uniaxially acting stiffening element 11. Rather, it is, as in the Figure 9 shown, required to arrange corresponding stiffening elements 11, 11 'in pairs and in opposite directions. But even with this measure is given to dynamic, for example, earthquake-induced vibrations only a comparatively low protection.

The Fig. 10 schematically shows an arrangement for the dynamic stabilization of a building or the like, as it is known from the cited prior art. In this case, a preferably viscous or viscoelastic damping element 12 is installed in a support structure 7 which is likewise designed as a frame construction 10 in a substantially diagonal arrangement. By such a damping element 12, however, no static stiffening effect is given. In order to achieve a sufficient stability with respect to tension and pressure changing stresses, which in particular in the case of compressive stress bring with it an increased risk of buckling, a very massive design of the damping element 12 is necessary. For the derivation of the static forces caused by the construction itself, the illustrated damping element 12 does not contribute, so that separate stiffening elements are provided for this purpose.

In contrast, with the support structure according to the invention solution, as shown in the Fig. 1 and 2 is shown in two possible variants, at the same time an effective stabilization of support structures 7, 7 'achieved both under static and dynamic aspects. In addition, the resulting arrangement also has a very simple training, which makes it on the one hand cost in manufacturing and installation and by the other hand easily adaptable to different conditions and requirements, so that, for example, existing structures or support systems for machines later with appropriate Support structure can be equipped. Both variants, the basic principle of the invention is common. Thereafter, the stabilization of the support structure by means of clamping elements 1, 1 ', such as drawstrings or tie rods, between which a viscoelastic additional element 2, 2', namely parallel a spring 3, 3 'and a viscous or viscoelastic damper 4, are arranged, wherein the clamping elements 1, 1 'are biased by means of the additional elements 2, 2'. The two variants shown schematically differ in that in the training according to the Fig. 1 a tension spring 3 is used, while in the variant according to Fig. 2 a helical compression spring 3 'is used. As a result, the viscoelastic additional element 2, 2 'arranged between the tension cables or the tension rods 1, 1' is as shown in FIG The figures seen coupled in different ways. According to the variant Fig. 1 are the additional element 2 and the clamping elements 1, 1 'by coupling elements 5, 6 connected to each other, which transmit the tensile force of the tension spring on the clamping elements almost directly. On the other hand, the coupling elements 5 ', 6' act in the embodiment according to the Fig. 2 kraftumlenkend by the compressive force with which they are acted upon by the compression spring 3 ', transmitted as a tensile force on the clamping elements 1, 1', which determines the bias of the clamping elements 1, 1 '. In the given representations of the invention, the reference numerals 3 and 3 'as well as the reference 4 optionally also refer to groups of parallel arranged springs 3, 3' or damper 4, which in practice are corresponding groups with suitable, matched geometries becomes.

According to the invention, the support structure 7, 7 'is formed such that at least one viscoelastic additional element 2, 2' is clamped between the adjacent support elements 8, 9, 9 ', 10, 10' of the support structure 7, 7 ', tensioning elements 1, 1'. arranged and connected in series with them to form a stabilization unit. This of course leaves open the possibility that several viscoelastic additional elements 2, 2 'are arranged within a stabilization unit. Optionally, while in the Fig. 1 and 2 shown variants of the connection between clamping elements 1, 1 'and additional elements 2, 2' are combined with each other. Appropriate possibilities are given by the Fig. 3 to 5 clarified.

As well as the respective design of the components of the support structure according to the invention, namely, for example, size and thickness of the drawstrings 1, 1, 1 ", biasing force or spring constant of the spring or springs 3, 3 'of the viscoelastic additional element 2, 2' or the dimensioning of its damper 4, Depending on the particular circumstances at the installation site and the expected loads are dependent on the factors mentioned different options or requirements for the type and Way of installing the stabilization unit and its connection with the support structure 7, 7 'given. Examples of this are the schematic in the Fig. 6 to 8 not to be considered exhaustive.

The 6 and 7 show two possibilities of a diagonal connection of the support elements 8, 9, 9 'of a support structure 7 in the form of a frame structure 10 by a stabilization unit, which differ by the choice or location of the connection points between the support structure 7 and stabilization unit. While the stabilizing unit formed from the drawstrings and the additional elements 2, 2 'according to Fig. 6 connects two vertices of the frame of a frame construction 10, it is according to the Fig. 7 on the longitudinal sides of two mutually adjacent and interconnected support elements 8, 9 of the support structure 7 connected. The Fig. 8 shows the example of a horizontal connection of the support structures 7, 7 'of two different technical objects or frame structures by means of the clamping elements 1, 1' and an additional element 2 formed stabilization unit, for example, the connection of two towers or masts or a tower with a mast.

• Dadurch, dass durch die Stabilisierungeinheit der Stützkonstruktion Wechselbeanspruchungen (Wechsel zwischen Zug und Druck) aufgenommen werden können, kann gegebenenfalls bereits die Ausrüstung eines Aussteifungsfeldes beziehungsweise eines Rahmens einer aus einer Mehrzahl rasterförmig miteinander verbundener Rahmen bestehenden Rahmenkonstruktion für den Erdbebenschutz eines Systems beziehungsweise technischen Objekts, wie eines Gebäudes, ausreichen.
• Die aus der Kombination von Spannelementen und viskoelastischem (viskoelastischen) Zusatzelement(en) gebildete Stabilisierungseinheit kann in unmittelbarer Nähe der Rahmenknoten angreifen und es bedarf in der Regel keiner weiteren besonderen Aussteifung, wie bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen.
• Die Erdbebensicherheit der Struktur wird bei richtiger Auslegung wesentlich verbessert.
• Die erfindungsgemäβe Stützkonstruktion ist bei Neubauten oder zur Erdbebenertüchtigung bestehender Bauten einsetzbar.
• Die räumliche Orientierung spielt bei Verwendung von einaxial wirkenden Dämpfern keine Rolle. Somit kann eine horizontale oder vertikale Aussteifung von Stützkonstruktionen erreicht werden.
• Das Gesamtsystem ist dynamisch leicht zu modellieren. Beim realen Einsatz treten statische Zusatzlasten auf, die sich häufig im Gleichgewicht befinden.
• Die Anordnung ist leicht zu montieren - es sind in der Regel keine umfangreichen Zusatzmaßnahmen erforderlich. Das bestehende Tragsystem beziehungsweise die Stützkonstruktion wird in der Regel nicht verändert, sondern nur durch zusätzliche Steifigkeit und Dämpfung ergänzt.
• Die Anordnung arbeitet rein passiv - es ist keine besondere Energiezufuhr und kein Steuermechanismus notwendig.
• Die Anordnung ist nahezu wartungs- und verschleißfrei.
• Eine Standardisierung, zum Beispiel für verschiedene Vorspannkräfte, ist denkbar.
• Aufgrund der vorgenannten Vorteile sind Stützkonstruktion der erfindungsgemäβen Art sehr vielseitig einsetzbar.

In addition to the simple structure and the resulting low cost for use, the support structure according to the invention is characterized by the following advantages:

• The fact that by the stabilization unit of the support structure alternating stresses (change between train and pressure) can be included, may already be the equipment of a stiffening field or a frame consisting of a plurality of grid-like interconnected frame frame construction for the seismic protection of a system or technical object such of a building.
• The stabilization unit formed from the combination of clamping elements and viscoelastic (viscoelastic) additional element (s) can act in the immediate vicinity of the frame nodes and it is necessary in the Usually no further special stiffening, as in the known from the prior art solutions.
• The seismic safety of the structure is significantly improved if properly designed.
• The support structure according to the invention can be used in new buildings or for seismic upgrading of existing buildings.
• The spatial orientation plays no role when using uniaxially acting dampers. Thus, a horizontal or vertical stiffening of support structures can be achieved.
• The overall system is dynamically easy to model. In real use, additional static loads occur, which are often in equilibrium.
• The arrangement is easy to install - there are usually no extensive additional measures required. The existing support system or the support structure is not changed in the rule, but only supplemented by additional stiffness and damping.
• The arrangement works purely passive - no special power supply and no control mechanism is necessary.
• The arrangement is virtually maintenance and wear-free.
• A standardization, for example for different preload forces, is conceivable.
• Due to the aforementioned advantages support structure of the erfindungsgemäβen type are very versatile.

List of reference numbers used

1, 1 ', 1 "

Clamping element (tensioning cable, tie rod, strap or drawstring)

2, 2 '

additional element

3

mainspring

3 '

(Screw) compression spring

4

viscous or viscoelastic damper

5, 6

coupling element

5 ', 6 "

coupling element

7, 7 '

support structure

8th

carrier

9, 9 '

support

10, 10 '

frame construction

11

bracing

12

damper

Claims (7)

1. Supporting structure (7, 7') with an arrangement for its stabilization, to be precise supporting structure (7, 7') for industrial articles, such as machines, plants, buildings or other constructions, consisting of supporting elements which are designed as props (9, 9') or horizontal supporting girders (8) and/or form a frame structure (10, 10'), supporting elements (8, 9, 9', 10, 10') arranged adjacently to one another being braced with one another by means of tension elements (1, 1', 1"), such as guy ropes, tension rods or beam ties, between which is located at least one uniaxially acting additional element (2, 2') designed as a parallel connection between at least one spring (3, 3') and at least one viscose or viscoelastic damper (4), and the tension elements (1, 1', 1") which brace the supporting elements (8, 9, 9', 10, 10') with one another and the additional element or additional elements (2, 2') located between them forming a stabilization unit which stiffens the supporting structure (7, 7') statically and removes the load under dynamic stress and within which the tension elements (1, 1', 1") and the additional element or additional elements (2, 2') are connected in series to one another, and prestress for the tension elements (1, 1', 1") being generated by means of the additional elements (2, 2').
2. Supporting structure (7, 7') according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spring or springs (3') of an additional element (2') is or are designed as a helical compression spring, the coupling between a tension element (1, 1', 1") and this additional element (2') being effected via a coupling element (5', 6') which is acted upon by the pressure force of the helical compression spring or helical compression springs (3') which deflects this pressure force and transmits it as tensile force to the tension element (1, 1', 1").
3. Supporting structure (7, 7') according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spring or springs (3) of an additional element (2) is or are designed as a tension spring, the coupling between a tension element (1, 1', 1") and this additional element (2) being effected by a coupling element (5, 6), via which the tensile force of the tension spring or tension springs (3) which acts upon said coupling element is transmitted to the tension element (1, 1', 1").
4. Supporting structure (7, 7') according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stabilization unit connects the supporting elements (8, 9, 9') of a frame structure (10, 10') to one another.
5. Supporting structure (7, 7') according to Claim 4, characterized in that diagonal stiffening for the frame of a frame structure (10, 10') is formed by the stabilization unit.
6. Supporting structure (7, 7') according to Claim 5, characterized in that the stabilization unit connects two corner points of the frame of the frame structure (10, 10') to one another.
7. Supporting structure (7, 7') according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supporting element (10) of the supporting structure (7) for a first industrial article is connected to the adjacent supporting element (10) of the supporting structure (7') for a second industrial article via a stabilization unit formed from tension elements (1, 1', 1") and from additional elements (2, 2').

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