EP1783282A1 - Protective arrangement for a foundation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has sealing sheets (1a, 1b) and round cord (15) on butyl base, where the sealing sheets can be fixed on a building exterior and are connected with one another at its edges. The additional sealing unit is provided for assembly on overlaps of sealing sheets. The sheets comprise polyethylene foils, which have a thickness of 100 micrometer and a butyl coating having a thickness of 1 millimeter. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a sealing unit for water and pressure seal connection of sealing sheets for a pressure water resistant building sealing system (2) an assembly process for creating a pressure water resistant building sealing.

Description

The invention relates to a pressurized waterproof Bauwerkabdichtungssystem for producing an outside seal especially underground parts of buildings, for example cellars or underground garages, against damming and pressing water, with cold-bonded sealing membranes butyl-based, which are permanently fastened by gluing to a building exterior and connected together at their edges , The invention also relates to a sealing sheet and a sealing element for such a sealing system and a corresponding assembly method.

Such sealing systems are also referred to as the color of the geomembranes used for this purpose because of what is commonly referred to as a "black trough". To produce a "black bath", bitumen, polymer bitumen membranes, plastic or elastomer waterproofing membranes in accordance with DIN 1895-6 are processed in several layers. The processing regulations for damming and pressurized water according to this DIN provide a considerable installation effort. Depending on the system used, the geomembranes must be provided with intermediate layers to stabilize the geomembranes themselves. This results in a layer structure of the seal comprising at least three layers. In addition, the joints of the geomembranes must be connected to each other with great care to ensure permanently waterproof and stable connections of the geomembranes at their edges. Accordingly, outer and inner corners, outer and inner edges as well as horizontal and vertical terminations of the sealing system cause a further considerable assembly effort. Because the "black tub" is no longer accessible for repairs after installation, the sealing system must provide multiple protection against the passage of water.

Geomembranes, which are applied by means of welding processes (welding paths), at least partially expand due to the intense heating during installation initially strong, are installed in the stretched state and then cool down again. As a result, the welding tracks get under tension after installation. As a result of material stress during installation and / or aging may or at least arise hairline cracks that weaken the sealing system in this area considerably. This can lead to a deterioration in the quality of the sealing system and leaks as a result even during installation.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a sealing system, on the one hand provides a reliable sealing of a building part against jamming and / or pressing water, but on the other hand requires only a small material and installation costs.

According to the invention this object is achieved in a structural waterproofing system of the type mentioned by an additional butyl-based sealing element for mounting the compounds. The sealing system is composed of several, usually vertically installed geomembranes, which are to connect at their edges. This connection is usually achieved by an overlap of the geomembranes, which has a width of about 40 to 100 mm, preferably of 80 mm, for safety reasons. The highest attention must be paid to the formation of these connections, because the quality of their design determines the quality of the entire waterproofing system. In order to ensure the tightness at these points with the greatest possible safety, the overlap according to the invention has an additional sealing element for the pressure-water-tight connection of the geomembranes. The safety of the overlap against penetration of water is thus further increased by an attached on the overlap or the impact of the geomembranes additional sealing element reinforces their connection with each other. It crosslinks both with the carrier film and with the adhesive layer applied to it ("cold welding").

Butyl is also water-repellent under pressure, as it is small-pore and non-porous. An intrusion of water or water vapor in the adhesive layer, which could lead to a separation of the geomembrane, for example, from its base under permanent action, is thus effectively met. Because in investigations has become pointed out that the simple overlapping bonding of the geomembranes at their edges, especially at corners and edges, does not provide the necessary security against the passage of water at the joints. The insertion of an additional sealing element, however, has proved in numerous experiments that it ensures the required multiple security of the compounds of the geomembranes against each other against the passage of water according to DIN.

In particular, compared to the heat welding method, the attachment and connection of the geomembranes by means of cold welding has the advantage that the sealing material thermal stresses during assembly remain spared. The geomembranes are therefore subject to no physical changes during assembly, which could lead to aging or even weakening of the material and thus to a deterioration in the quality of the waterproofing system with the risk of leaks. Butyl automatically offers a high level of stability, so that no additional fastening means are required for the installation of the geomembrane and the additional sealing element. The geomembranes and the additional sealing element reliably maintain their required position under normal construction site conditions, because butyl can be processed in this application in a temperature range of -5 ° to + 70 ° C, so even under high heat, for example by sunlight.

In particular, geomembranes of plastic material are well suited for bonding by means of butyl. The plastic web on the one hand represents the sealing element and on the other hand, the carrier film for the adhesive layer. As a material for plastic waterproofing membranes z. As EVA, PIB or PVC-P known. According to an advantageous embodiment of the sealing system according to the invention, the sealing sheets comprise a polyethylene film. This material has the advantage that it is flexible, waterproof, pressure water resistant and as water repellent as butyl. This material therefore withstands water or water vapor damage for many years. However, its very particular advantage in the proposed sealing system is that polyethylene bonds excellently with butyl, so that a virtually ideal connection is formed between the polyethylene material of the geomembrane and the butyl-based fabric layer. This ensures a durable load-bearing connection between the geomembrane and its adhesive layer.

To attach the geomembranes on the building parts by gluing, the application of adhesive is required, it can basically be applied in a separate step. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the geomembranes are self-adhesive. For this purpose, they have a butyl-based full-surface adhesive film on their future side facing the building. This facilitates the installation of the sealing system, since a separate assembly step, namely the application of the adhesive to the building part, can be dispensed with. The materials according to the invention offer the advantage of a self-adhesive finish because the polyethylene of the geomembrane crosslinks very well with the butyl of the adhesive layer. Both materials are also water repellent and very fine pored. Compared with all other systems for pressurized water resistant building waterproofing, the waterproofing system offers a considerable installation advantage through time and effort savings. In Übenappungsbereich at the joints so comes the self-adhesive equipped and the building facing side of a first sealing sheet on the non-self-adhesive and the building facing away from side of a second waterproofing membrane. In the area of the overlap, the geomembrane sticks to geomembrane. Due to the nature of the material, the result is a "homogeneous welding" of the geomembranes over the entire width of the overlap between each other within a short time.

The quality of each bond depends crucially on the surface condition of the two adhesive surfaces to be joined together. The surface of the geomembrane and the adhesive layer applied to it can be factory-made in the desired quality and can therefore be precisely defined. The effectiveness of the adhesive layer can be ensured by a cover with an anti-adhesive coating, a protective film or paper. It protects the butyl coating against unwanted premature activation. It is detachable by hand so that it can be easily removed during installation on the construction site. To mount the waterproofing membrane, the individual sealing membrane can be aligned in their future situation after a possible cutting, deducted the adhesive protective coating, the self-adhesive activated by and then the geomembrane are fixed in their intended position.

On the other hand, the surface of the part of the building to be sealed is not always of consistently good quality and is different in terms of both material and construction. In order to improve the adhesion to the building wall, the sealing system according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a primer for the mounting surface of the building part to be sealed. The primer or primer improves the building-side adhesive surface, thus ensuring even more reliable adhesion between the exterior of the building and the waterproofing membrane. This measure requires less installation effort than the application of adhesive to the building wall.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sealing system comprises a closure band for sealing attachment to the upper and / or lower horizontal edges or seams. Although they are not necessarily required for a reliable function of the sealing system, so they provide further protection in particular against unwanted detachment of the geomembrane, for example, due to damage in the execution of other trades.

The thickness of the polyethylene film of the geomembrane depends on the one hand on the sustained by her stresses during their use case and on the other from an economic point of view. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the polyethylene film has a thickness between 150 and 50 .mu.m, preferably between 120 and 80 .mu.m, in particular of 100 .mu.m. In this thickness, the polyethylene film withstands all the usual expected loads and the cost of the sealing system in the frame.

The thickness of the adhesive layer should be such that on the one hand it ensures a good bond with the polyethylene film and on the other hand it ensures a reliable bonding of the waterproofing membrane to the building surface. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the butyl coating has a thickness of about 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably of 1.0 mm. Numerous tests have shown that this thickness is necessary but also sufficient for the adhesive layer to make a reliable connection with both adhesive particles.

As already explained, the connections between the individual geomembranes constitute a weak point in every sealing system. For here, the sealing element is interrupted and must be assembled absolutely tight under the often unfavorable site conditions. The object mentioned above is therefore also achieved by an additional sealing element which is designed for mounting in the overlapping regions of the geomembranes. There, a throat forms between the upper side of the lower geomembrane and an end face of the upper geomembrane. On or in this throat, the additional sealing element is placed and pressed. According to the invention, therefore, an additional element is used which absorbs minor imperfections in the formation of the overlaps and in particular mechanical loads in the joint region of the geomembranes. Because especially in the area of edges around which the geomembranes and with them the overlaps are bent or kinked, it comes as a result of bending of the material at these sites to additional material requirements Above all, the adhesive layer gets hairline cracks, penetrate into the water or water vapor and can damage the adhesive bond. Here, the invention provides a remedy by creating by the arrangement of an additional butyl-based sealing element, a concentration of material, on the one hand has a thickness and on the other hand an elasticity, which excludes the formation of hairline cracks. As a result, the required security against penetration of water is also ensured at the sensitive overlapping areas and in particular at those which have to be guided over corners and edges. Built on the same material basis as the butyl coating, namely with only a maximum of 10% foreign material, the additional sealing element causes the already mentioned good cross-linking with the polyethylene film on the one hand and a "homogeneous welding" with the butyl layer of the geomembranes and the additional sealing element within about 10 Minutes on the other hand. After completion of this process is thus therefore also at the junction of a homogeneous and continuous material education, which reliably prevents penetration of water.

Just like the geomembranes, the additional sealing element has to be adapted to different building shapes. In addition, it must be ensured that it completes the overlapping area of the geomembranes completely, completely and consistently. According to a further advantageous embodiment Therefore, the invention is the additional sealing element plastically deformable. This feature further facilitates its processing and ensures that by pressing the sealing sheets of the overlapping area, the additional sealing element reliably forms a continuous connection with both sealing sheets over the entire length of the overlapping area.

The outer shape of the additional sealing element is chosen so that it can easily and reliably be processed with the desired result to a completely tight connection between the two adjacent sealing sheets. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the additional sealing element has a circular cross section with a diameter of about 8 mm. It is ideally a round cord with a generally elongated cylindrical shape. The diameter of the round cord is chosen so that it allows a winding of the round cord, which ensures a space-saving storage on the one hand and easy handling of the additional sealing element during its processing.

• Aufkleben einer ersten Dichtungsbahn auf einer Gebäudeaußenseite,
• Aufkleben weiterer Dichtungsbahnen auf der Gebäudeaußenseite, so dass ihre Ränder mit der ersten Dichtungsbahn und untereinander überlappen,
• Abdichten der Überlappung durch Aufbringen eines zusätzlichen Dichtelements in den Bereich der Überlappung.

The above object is also achieved by a mounting method for producing a pressure-water-tight building seal comprising the following assembly steps:

• Gluing a first geomembrane on a building outside,
• Adhering further geomembrane on the outside of the building so that their edges overlap with the first geomembrane and with each other,
• Sealing the overlap by applying an additional sealing element in the region of the overlap.

As a result, a simple assembly method is specified, whose effort is significantly simplified and accelerated by the elimination of an assembly step of fasteners and a first necessary mounting mounting the geomembranes. The additional sealing element in the region of the overlap ensures that even in the connection region of the geomembranes, which generally represents a weak point, a high level of security against the passage of water is ensured.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the above method, an adhesive protective film is first removed when using self-adhesive geomembranes before their assembly and then adhered the geomembrane on the outside of the building. In the conventional sticking of geomembranes, the application of an adhesive layer and the subsequent sticking of the geomembrane take place alternately. It is unavoidable that already equipped with adhesive surfaces are untreated and unexposed exposed to the weather for a long time, whereby the adhesive strength of the adhesive can be impaired especially in adverse weather conditions When you remove a Kleutzutzutzfolie a self-adhesive geomembrane on the other hand always relatively small areas of adhesive surfaces, activated will be processed immediately. Due to the system, the activated areas of the adhesive surfaces are protected against direct weather influences by the geomembrane above them. As a result, an almost consistently good quality of the bond can be achieved even on the relatively large surface of a geomembrane.

The quality of the bonding of a geomembrane on the outside of the building depends very much on the surface quality of the component to be bonded. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, therefore, a primer is applied to the exterior of the building before the first assembly step. This can improve the substrate of the geomembrane and achieve a uniform good quality of bonding over the entire surface to be sealed.

Other areas of application of the sealing system are external seals against non-pressurized water, the installation on the inside of inhabited basements as steam seal in a white tub or under screed. In these cases can be dispensed with the additional sealing element.

Figur 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Dichtungsbahn,

Figur 2

das Aufbringen eines Voranstrichs auf einen abzudichtenden Gebäudeteil,

Figur 3

Vorarbeiten an einer Innenecke,

Figuren 4 und 5

das Verlegen einer Dichtungsbahn an einer senkrechten Wand,

Figur 6

das Anwalzen der Dichtungsbahn,

Figur 7

eine Schnittansicht im Bereich einer Überlappung zweier Dichtungsbahnen,

Figur 8

das Andrücken des Dichtelements,

Figur 9

das Aufbringen einer Grundierung am oberen Abschluss und

Figur 10

die Montage eines Abschlussbandes.

The principle of the invention will be explained in more detail in the following by way of example with reference to a drawing in which:

FIG. 1

a perspective view of a geomembrane,

FIG. 2

the application of a primer to a part of the building to be sealed,

FIG. 3

Preliminary work on an inner corner,

FIGS. 4 and 5

laying a geomembrane on a vertical wall,

FIG. 6

the rolling of the geomembrane,

FIG. 7

a sectional view in the region of an overlap of two geomembranes,

FIG. 8

the pressing of the sealing element,

FIG. 9

the application of a primer on the upper end and

FIG. 10

the installation of a finishing band.

A geomembrane 1 of the inventive sealing system is shown in FIG. It consists essentially of a polyethylene film 2, which represents the sealing element of the geomembrane 1 and gives it the necessary stability. On its in the assembled state facing the building side, the geomembrane 1 carries a polymer-bitumen film 3, with which the geomembrane 1 can be glued to the part of the building to be sealed. He represents an adhesive layer, which is dimensioned in their adhesive force so that they can hold the weight of the geomembrane 1 without further Befestigungsrmpel in a vertical mounting position. To protect against premature and unwanted activation of the adhesive layer 3, it is covered over its entire surface with a protective film 4. The adhesive protective film 4 consists of a material which does not enter into a permanent connection with the adhesive layer 3, so that it can be separated manually from the geomembrane 1 at any time. On the other hand, the adhesive protective film 4 adheres so well to the adhesive layer 3 that it can be processed together with the geomembrane 1, in particular rolled and assembled, without it being detached or displaced from the geomembrane 1.

The geomembrane 1 has a tough-elastic consistency. Their assembly is possible by hand with a sharp knife, for example a carpet knife.

The quality of the adhesive bond between geomembrane 1 and a part of the building to be sealed depends on the one hand on the quality of the adhesive layer 3 and on the other on the surface of the building part to be bonded. While the quality of the adhesive layer 3 is comparatively good in terms of production, the surface quality of the building part to be sealed can vary greatly. FIG. 2 shows a building wall 5, to which a primer coat 6 is therefore applied. He ensures a uniform and favorable for the interaction with the adhesive layer 3 surface texture. In order for the primer 6 to adhere securely, the building part 5 must be dry, dust-free and clean. The primer 6 is applied thinly and evenly with a solvent-resistant roll, without causing large amounts of primer, for example, remain in bumps in the surface of the building part 5. For an optimal connection of the primer 6 with the adhesive layer 3 of the geomembrane 1, the primer 6 must not be completely cured, but should be able to react with the adhesive layer 3 of the geomembrane 1 within one hour.

At corners, edges and throats of the sealed building part, the geomembrane 1 must be kinked. Since the geomembrane 1 is difficult to handle in large dimensions, the corners, edges and throats of the building are pretreated separately, as FIG. 3 shows. With appropriately cut strips 7 of the geomembrane 1 with a width of about 20 cm, an inner edge 8 is pasted in advance. Due to its small dimension of only 20 cm width, the strip 7 can be processed easier, in particular in the throat of the inner corner 8 press and roll on the ground. The procedure is analogous to outer edges and inner and outer corners.

Subsequently, the already cut and cut to length geomembrane 1 is laid starting at an upper edge 9 of the building part by the adhesive protective film 4 initially removed in a range of about 50 cm and the geomembrane 1 is fixed in position with the freed area of the adhesive layer 3 on the building part 5. For this purpose, the geomembrane 1 is first aligned and then on the building part. 5 pressed. Then the adhesive protective film 4 is pulled off slowly and evenly and at the same time the geomembrane 1 carefully glued and pressed on the building part 5 as possible and without inclusion of air bubbles and pressed.

The geomembranes 1 are overlapped at their vertical edges in a strip-shaped region of about 80 mm wide. The overlaps 10 formed thereby are to be formed with particular care, since they may represent a weak point of the sealing system in case of poor design. The uniform pressing of the overlap 10 is advantageously carried out by a hand-held roller, with which the overlaps 10 are rolled. These processes are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

A sectional view through an overlap 10 is shown in FIG. 7. A left-hand geomembrane 1a lies flat on the building part 5 and is overlapped by a right-hand geomembrane 1b in a width of approximately 80 mm. As a result, a step 16 forms with a throat 17. To increase the tightness of the overlaps 10, a round cord 15 is inserted into the throat 17 as an additional sealing element. It additionally seals the transition between the left-hand geomembrane 1a and the right-hand geomembrane 1b. Due to the high mass concentration in the region of the overlap 10, the tightness between the two sealing sheets 1a and 1b is reliably ensured. Subsequently, the round cord 15 is pressed evenly (Figure 8).

Figure 9 shows the attachment of an upper end 11 of the geomembrane 1, as prescribed in accordance with DIN, but for the reliable operation of the geomembrane 1 is structurally not absolutely necessary. For this purpose, first the building part 5, as previously under the geomembrane 1, provided with a primer 12. It performs the same function as the primer 6 under the geomembrane 1. Subsequently, a closing tape 13 is glued to the primer 12 as a sealing element, as Figure 10 shows. About half of the width of the end strip 13 is applied to the upper end 11 of the geomembrane 1, the other half is glued to the primed building part 5. The closure strip 13 consists essentially of the same material as the sealing sheet 1. On its side facing away from the building part 5 outside it is completely covered with a plaster backing fabric 14 to allow the connection of a plaster above the sealing sheet 1 on the building exterior wall 5.

The lower end of the geomembrane 1 is sealed in the bottom plate area with an additional sealing strip against rising moisture (not shown).

To create a compliant double seal against oppressive water (black tub), the processing steps shown above for creating a second layer of geomembranes 1 are now to be repeated. The geomembrane 1 of the second layer is, however, now offset laterally relative to the geomembrane 1 of the first layer, so that the overlapping region 10 of the first layer comes to lie in a middle region of the geomembrane 1 of the second layer.

On the ground facing side of the geomembrane 1 can now be applied by means of Perimeterpiatten a thermal insulation and a sliding film to protect the thermal insulation and the waterproofing system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1a, 1b

geomembrane

2

polyethylene film

3

Polymer-bitumen film

4

Adhesive protective film

5

building

6

primer

7

strip

8th

inner edge

9

the top edge

10

overlap

11

graduation

12

primer

13

edging tape

14

Lath fleece

15

Sealing element, round cord

16

step

17

throat

Claims (17)

Pressurized water-resistant building waterproofing system for producing an external seal, in particular of subterranean building parts, against damming and pressing water, with cold-bonded sealing sheets (1) based on butyl, which are permanently fastened by gluing to a building exterior (5) and connectable at their edges, characterized by a additional butyl-based sealing element (15) for mounting to the connections (10). Sealing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing sheets (1) comprise a polyethylene film (2). Sealing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing sheets (1) are made of self-adhesive Kaltselbstklebend. Sealing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a pre-coating (6) of the outside of the building part (5) to be sealed. Sealing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises sealing elements (13) for mounting on the upper (11) and / or lower horizontal seams / edges. Sealing system according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the polyethylene film (2) has a thickness between 150 and 50 microns, preferably 120 and 80 .mu.m, in particular 100 microns. Sealing system according to one of Claims 2 to 6, having a butyl coating (3) of the polyethylene film (2), characterized in that the butt coating (3) has a thickness of approximately 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably of 1.0 mm. Sealing element (15) for waterproof and pressure-tight connection of cold-bonded sealing sheets (1) with each other, in particular for a pressurized water resistant Sealing system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is constructed on the basis of butyl and for application in an overlapping region (10) between the sealing sheets (1) is formed. Sealing element (15) according to the above claim, characterized in that it is plastically deformable. Sealing element (15) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it has a circular cross section with a diameter of 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 6 to 10 mm, in particular of 8 mm. Assembly process for the production of a watertight building seal with the following assembly steps: a) adhering a first geomembrane (1) on a building exterior, (5), b) adhering further sealing webs (1) on the outside of the building (5) so that their edges overlap with the first sealing web (1) and with one another, c) sealing the overlap by applying an additional sealing element (15) in the region of the overlap (10). Method according to the above claim, characterized in that in step a) a cold self-adhesive sealing membrane (1) is glued to the exterior of the building (5). A method according to the above claim, characterized in that in step a) in a cold self-adhesive geomembrane (1) an adhesive protective film (4) is peeled off and the geomembrane (1) is then glued to the outside of the building (5). Method according to one of the above method claims, characterized in that a primer (6; 12) is applied to the building exterior (5) before the first step a). Method according to one of the above method claims, characterized in that the overlap (10) in step b) has a width of at least 40 mm, preferably 60 mm, in particular 80 mm. Method according to one of the above method claims, characterized in that after the last step c) the horizontal edges (11) of the seal are provided with sealing elements (13). Method according to one of the above method claims, characterized in that a throat (17) of the overlap (10) is covered with a sealing element, in particular a round cord (15), of plastically deformable material.

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