EP1778501B2 - Security element comprising a support - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a security document with a security element with a transparent or translucent carrier.

Transparency windows in bank notes have long been known in the field of polymer notes. Providing a banknote with a see-through window on its own, however, does not yet provide additional counterfeit security for the note. Therefore, various security features have been proposed for see-through windows and partly also converted into banknotes.

For example, the document describes WO 98/15418 A1 a self-verifying banknote from a flexible sheet of plastic substrate with identification marks. The self-verifying banknote has a transparent window area which contains a self-verification means for checking a security element arranged in a laterally-spaced area of the sheet. The self-certification takes place in that the window area is brought into register with the security element by bending or folding the sheet and the security element and the self-authorization means cooperate there suitably to authenticate the bill.

Other known designs are in the publications EP 1 335 217A . US 6124 970A . JP 2000 318399A . JP 2003 262 724A and JP 2003 145 912A described.

Often, and to an even greater extent, security windows for privacy windows are designed to require more or less complicated means for checking the authenticity of the security feature located in the window. Typically, the authentication requires external UV lamps, polarizing filters, Moire filters, or even laser sources that shine through the see-through window to verify the security feature.

However, complicated tools are not always available and the authenticity check that is performed is often relatively time consuming. The user already feels that a test lasting several seconds is time-consuming and annoying. The authenticity check is then completely dispensed with in many cases, so that the protective effect of the security feature runs into the void.

Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a generic security document which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the security element of the security document should be difficult to reproduce and can be checked for authenticity with simple aids available almost everywhere.

This object is achieved by the security document having the features of the main claim.

According to the invention, the transparent or translucent carrier of the security element is provided with a mark of authenticity, which transmits a first optical impression in transmitted light and conveys a second optical impression in reflected light in front of a predetermined and easily accessible background, which differs significantly from the first optical impression. This allows a simple and fast authenticity check, in which the security element is first viewed in transmitted light and then held in front of a predetermined background. If the second optical impression differs gravely from the first optical impression, or even new structures or optical effects appear, the banknote can be evaluated by the user as genuine.

According to the invention, it is provided that the authenticity mark shows transmitted light patterns, characters or codes. In the process, the information represented by the patterns, symbols or codes changes significantly in reflected light in front of the predetermined background.

In all configurations, a printing layer may additionally be provided, which together with patterns, symbols or codes of the authenticity indicator gives overall information in incident or transmitted light. When changing from transmitted light to incident light observation or from reflected light to transmitted light observation, the overall information may appear or disappear, or it may be changed, in particular supplemented.

As an alternative or in addition to a change in hue and / or color intensity, the authenticity mark in incident light in front of the predetermined background exhibits an optically variable effect. This may, for example, be a viewing-angle-dependent color-shift effect, which conveys to the viewer a color impression which changes with the viewing direction. Diffraction effects, scattering effects, in particular resulting from matting, and refractive effects, in particular caused by microlenses and / or micromirrors, are also possible.

The authenticity mark contains or more layers of liquid-crystalline material, in particular of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material. The liquid crystal layers are transparent in transmitted light and substantially colorless, but appear in front of a strongly absorbing dark background with intense colors in appearance. In addition, they produce a color shift effect when tilting the security element from the vertical, depending on the design of a long-wave to a shorter-wave color impression, or vice versa from a short-wave to a can change over a longer wavelength color impression. The liquid crystal layers are advantageously in the form of patterns, characters or codes.

The security document advantageously has a paper or plastic substrate. The authenticity feature is preferably arranged in or above a window area or a through opening of the security document. If the security document has a plastic substrate, then the authenticity mark is advantageously applied over a transparent or translucent, in particular unprinted, area of the transparent or translucent plastic substrate.

In the case of a paper substrate, the mark of authenticity is preferably applied over a continuous opening of the paper substrate or introduced paper-like in such an opening. The continuous opening can be produced during papermaking without a sharp boundary edge of its edge region, so that a characteristic deckle edge is created, which is not replicate by cutting or punching.

The security document represents, in particular, a security paper or a value document, such as a banknote, a check, an identity card, a document or the like.

Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion has been dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem Durchsichtsbereich, über dem ein Sicherheitselement angeordnet ist,
• Fig. 2 den Schichtaufbau eines Sicherheitselements im Querschnitt,
• Fig. 3 bis 7 Schnittdarstellungen von weiteren Sicherheitselementen
• Fig. 8 die Echtheitsprüfung einer mit zwei Sicherheitselementen nach Fig. 4 versehenen Banknote vor einem metallischen Hintergrund,
• Fig. 9 eine Banknote mit einer Sicherheitsanordnung mit einem Sicherheitselement nach Fig. 4 und einem durch einen Sicherheitsstreifen gebildeten Verifikationselement,
• Fig. 10 und 11 Schnittdarstellungen von weiteren Sicherheitselementen
• Fig. 12 eine Banknote mit einer Sicherheitsanordnung mit einem Sicherheitselement nach Fig. 10 oder 11 und einem durch einen dunklen Flächenbereich gebildeten Verifikationselement,
• Fig. 13 und 14 Schnittdarstellungen von weiteren Sicherheitselementen
• Fig. 15 eine Banknote mit einem weiteren Sicherheitselement in Aufsicht,
• Fig. 16 einen Querschnitt durch die Banknote und das Sicherheitselement von Fig. 15 entlang der Linie XVI-XVI,
• Fig. 17 eine Banknote mit einem weiteren Sicherheitselement in Aufsicht,
• Fig. 18 einen Querschnitt durch die Banknote und das Sicherheitselement von Fig. 17 entlang der Linie XVIII-XVIII, und
• Fig. 19 und 20 zwei Banknoten mit Sicherheitselementen in Aufsicht, die Gestaltung der Fig. 20 nach einem Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

Show it:

• Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a banknote with a see-through area, over which a security element is arranged,
• Fig. 2 the layer structure of a security element in cross-section,
• Fig. 3 to 7 Sectional views of other security elements
• Fig. 8 checking the authenticity of one with two security elements Fig. 4 provided banknote against a metallic background,
• Fig. 9 a banknote with a security arrangement with a security element after Fig. 4 and a verification element formed by a security strip,
• 10 and 11 Sectional views of other security elements
• Fig. 12 a banknote with a security arrangement with a security element after Fig. 10 or 11 and a verification element formed by a dark area,
• FIGS. 13 and 14 Sectional views of other security elements
• Fig. 15 a banknote with another security element in supervision,
• Fig. 16 a cross section through the banknote and the security element of Fig. 15 along the line XVI-XVI,
• Fig. 17 a banknote with another security element in supervision,
• Fig. 18 a cross section through the banknote and the security element of Fig. 17 along the line XVIII-XVIII, and
• FIGS. 19 and 20 two banknotes with security elements in supervision, the design of the Fig. 20 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

The invention will be explained below using the example of a banknote. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 with a see-through area 12 in a lateral portion of the note. The see-through area 12 can be, for example, a continuous opening or a transparent partial area of the banknote 10. In or above this see-through area 12, a transparent security element 14 is arranged.

When the banknote 10 is viewed in transmitted light, the security element 14 gives a first visual impression, in the exemplary embodiment the impression of a structureless and substantially colorless transparent surface. In other embodiments, the security element can also be designed in such a way that it already has a slight coloration with a defined color impression in transmitted light throughout the entire surface.

If the banknote 10 with the security element 14 is held against a background of the predetermined type, the security element 14 imparts a second optical impression, which differs significantly from the first optical impression. This clear change of appearance can be used for the authenticity of the bill. As will be explained in more detail below, the color impression, ie hue or color intensity of the security element 14 changes drastically during the transition from transmitted to reflected light observation, patterns, signs or codes appear or disappear, or an optically variable one that is not recognizable in transmitted light Effect, such as a color shift effect or a viewing angle dependent diffraction pattern.

Fig. 2 shows the layer structure of a security element 20 The security element 20 of Fig. 2 has a carrier layer 22 of a transparent film, to which a phase-shifting layer 24 and a linearly polarizing layer 26 are applied. The main axis of the phase-shifting layer 24 is rotated by at least 10 °, in the exemplary embodiment by 45 °, against the polarization direction of the linearly polarizing layer 26. For example, the phase shifting layer 24 may be formed of a birefringent or an optically active material, such as a liquid crystalline material, for example in the nematic or smectic phase.

In transmitted light, the security element 20 appears transparent and structureless. On the other hand, when viewed in front of a highly reflective background such as a metal surface or the like, it shows distinct colors whose intensity and hue can be varied widely over the optical properties of the phase shifting layer 24 and the linear polarizing layer 26.

In the example, the layer 26 has linearly polarizing properties over the entire visible wavelength range. The phase-shifting layer 24 used is a birefringent layer whose layer thickness and difference between the refractive indices of ordinary and extraordinary ray no- _e in the exemplary embodiment is chosen such that it represents a λ / 4 layer for red light with λ = 640 nm. Red light is then linearly polarized by the layer 26 and the linearly polarized light undergoes a total of two phase pass through the layer 24 and interim reflection on the metallic background a phase rotation of 90 °, so that the returning light from the linear polarizing layer 26 is blocked. If white light is incident on the security element, the returning light, after passing through the security element twice, lacks a large portion of the red light, so that the security element appears in a characteristic blue hue. In an analogous manner, different color effects can be produced by selecting the birefringent properties of the layer 24 or by selecting its layer thickness.

In the security element 30 of the in Fig. 3 In the example shown, the linearly polarizing layer 26 is applied to a transparent carrier foil 32 with birefringent properties, so that a separate phase-shifting layer can be dispensed with.

Fig. 4 shows a security element 40, which basically like the example of Fig. 2 is constructed. In contrast to the example shown there, the phase-shifting layer 44 lies in Fig. 4 only partially in the form of a coding, for example in the form of a lettering or a symbol before. In transmitted light, the entire surface of the security element appears colorless and structureless. In front of a highly reflective background, the visual impression does not change in the recessed areas 46, while the areas in which the phase-shifting layer 44 is applied light up in color and make the coding visible.

Fig. 5 shows a further variant of the security element of Fig. 2 in which a phase-shifting layer 44 of liquid-crystalline material is applied to a carrier film 34 with linearly polarizing properties. As in the example of Fig. 4 is the phase-shifting layer 44 applied only partially in the form of a coding. In this variant, the separate linear polarizing layer is dispensable, since this function is already taken over by the carrier film 34. Suitable linear polarizing films are commercially available. Production methods for wavelength-selective polarizing films are described, for example, in the document WO 2004/009373 described, the disclosure of which is included in the present application in this respect.

Another variation is in Fig. 6 shown. The security element shown there contains two interconnected foils. The linearly polarizing carrier film 34 is provided with a second phase-shifting Connected film 36 suitable layer thickness. The second film 36 may be made of PET or polypropylene, for example. To achieve the desired effect, care must be taken only that the major axis of the birefringent film 36 and the axis of the linearly polarizing film 34 are tilted against each other.

Fig. 7 shows a further variant of a security element. In this case, a plurality of phase-shifting layers 44A and 44B having different optical properties are applied to a linearly polarizing carrier film 34. The layers 44A, 44B may be formed, for example, by liquid crystal layers having a different orientation direction. In this way, multicolor encodings can be realized in the verification. It is understood that more than two different phase-shifting layers can be used, and that also the other described designs can be provided in an analogous manner with multicolor verification features.

The authenticity check of a banknote provided with security elements 40 is in Fig. 8 illustrated. The banknote 50 has two similar security elements 40-1, 40-2 applied in viewing areas of the banknote, in which the phase-shifting layer 44-1 or 44-2 is respectively in the form of the denomination of the banknote as a number sequence "10". In transmitted light, the security elements appear structureless and unobtrusive, the coded sequence of digits is not visible. This is indicated in the right security element 40-1 of the figure by the dashed representation of the number sequence 44-1. Will the banknote be 50 or, as in Fig. 8 Considering a portion of the note in front of a metallic background 52, the areas of the security element 40-2 provided with the phase-shifting layer 44-2 emerge as clearly visible colored lettering "10" due to the effects described above.

The verification can also be done with a non-metallic good reflector. Smooth, colored plastic plates or smooth, colored glass plates are particularly well suited, but even simple, uncolored glass or plastic plates can be used. The conspicuousness of the features can be further increased if a dark background is placed behind the transparent glass or plastic panels.

Another possibility is to verify the security features using LCD display devices, such as computer monitors, high-quality television sets, and displays in a variety of consumer electronics portable devices. Such LCD display devices emit linearly polarized light, so that the security elements can also be verified by being held on or in front of an LCD display device.

The security elements described above use as a verification element in each case a separate, for example, metallic background, as it is found everywhere in the environment. The examination of the security element can therefore be carried out by anyone quickly and without any special effort. However, a metallic verification element may also be arranged on the banknote itself, as in the example of US Pat Fig. 9 shown.

The banknote 60 of the Fig. 9 contains a security element 40 with reference to Fig. 4 The security strip 62 is typically provided with further security features, not shown in the figure, such as negative writing, optically variable diffraction structures, magnetic coding or the like. The security element 40 and the security strip 62 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the center line 64 of the banknote 60, so that the security element 40 comes to lie on the security strip by folding the banknote around this center line. The banknote 60 can therefore be authenticated by simple folding without the need for external verification means. It is understood that the check of the banknote 60 can also take place with a security strip applied to another banknote.

The difference between the two optical impressions of the security element in transmitted and reflected light observation can also be ensured in other ways. Fig. 10 shows the basic layer structure of a security element 70, which has one or more layers of liquid-crystalline material. The security element 70 includes a transparent support 72, such as a smooth, good surface quality PET film having deposited thereon one or more layers 74 of a cholesteric liquid crystalline material. Between the liquid crystal layers 74, alignment layers and / or adhesive layers 76 may be provided, which serve to align the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layers or the connection of the individual liquid crystal layers and to compensate for unevennesses.

Seen in transmitted light, the security element 70 appears colorless and structureless. If, on the other hand, it is viewed against a strongly absorbing dark background, the liquid crystal layers produce an intensely colored impression. In addition, when viewed against a dark background and changing the viewing angle, a color shift effect becomes visible, which typically changes from a long-wave to a shorter-wave color impression, for example from green to blue, but can also change from a short-wave to a longer-wave color impression when combining several liquid crystal layers from blue or violet to red.

The liquid crystal layers 74 may also be present only in regions in the form of a lettering or a symbol or they may have corresponding information-containing recesses. The coded Information then emerges, analogous to the situation described above, only when viewing the security element 70 in front of the predetermined absorbing background.

Fig. 11 shows a security element 80 according to another example. The security element 80 has a transparent carrier 82, which is provided with a mark of authenticity in the form of a transparent thin-film element 84. In this case, the thin-film element 84 consists of an ultrathin dielectric spacer layer 86, for example a 200 nm to 500 nm thick SiO ₂ layer, and an absorber layer 88, which is penetrated by a 4 nm to 20 nm thick metal layer of chromium, iron, gold, aluminum or Titanium can exist.

Seen in transmitted light, the security element 80 appears transparent and colorless. In contrast, due to interference effects in the partial layers of the thin-film element 84, a strong color effect occurs before a strongly absorbing background. In addition, the tilting of the security element 80 results in a clearly perceptible color shift effect.

The dielectric spacer layer 86, or preferably the absorber layer 88, may be as shown in FIG Fig. 11 shown, even present only partially and form a lettering or other coding. The strong color effect and the color shift effect then occur only in the areas in which the absorber layer 88 is present.

The referring to FIGS. 10 and 11 As a verification element, each of the described designs requires a highly absorbing, dark background which is readily available in the ordinary environment. In this variant too, however, a verification element can be arranged on the banknote itself, as with reference to FIG Fig. 12 shown.

For this purpose, the banknote 90 has a security element 92 arranged in a see-through region, which, for example, like the liquid-crystal-layer security element 70 of FIG Fig. 10 or the thin film security element 80 of Fig. 11 can be trained. On the backside of the banknote 90, a dark, absorbent area 94 is arranged. The surface area 94 does not have to be structureless; it can contain, for example, a dark portrait or another graphic motif in dark shades. Like the security strip 62 of the Fig. 9 can also be the area 94 equipped with other security features.

In transmitted light, the see-through area of the banknote 90 shows a colorless and structureless appearance. If the banknote 90 is folded along its center line 96 and the dark area 94 is folded under the security element 92, the color effect of the security element clearly emerges. In the embodiment, the number sequence "10" appears in clear, bright colors. In addition, when the folded banknote 90 is tilted sideways, a color-shift effect occurs, the extent of which depends on the exact design of the security element 92.

In the security element 100 of the in Fig. 13 In addition to a thin-film element with a color shift effect, a planar diffraction structure, such as a hologram or a hologram-like diffraction structure, is additionally provided. For this purpose, a likewise transparent embossing lacquer layer 104 is applied to a transparent carrier foil 102 and a desired diffraction structure 106 is embossed.

On the embossing lacquer layer 104, a thin-film element 108 is further applied whose layer structure, as shown in FIG Fig. 11 , an ultrathin dielectric spacer layer 110, and an absorber layer 112. The relief of the diffraction structure 106 continues in this case in the thin-film element 108 vertically upward. The absorber layer 112 is only partially present in this example in order to provide the security element 100 with a lettering or another coding.

In transmitted light, the security element 100 is perceived as a transparent, structureless surface, neither the color shift effect of the thin-film element 108, nor the diffraction pattern of the diffraction structure 106 noticeably appear. On the other hand, if the security element 100 is viewed in reflected light against a dark, strongly absorbing background, then the diffraction structures 106 clearly emerge in addition to the already described color effect and the color shift effect of the thin-film element 108 and enable the authenticity check of the document provided with the security element 100. Since the security element 100 must be transparent in transmitted light, it can not be readjusted by means of commercially available color-shifting films or by printing layers with color-shifting pigments.

Instead of the diffraction structure, the security element can also be provided with a matt structure or a refractive structure of micromirrors or microlenses.

Fig. 14 shows another example In this case, the security element 120 has a transparent carrier foil 122 with a transparent embossing lacquer layer 124 and a high-indexing coating 126. Embossed in the embossing lacquer layer 124 is a desired diffraction structure 128, for example a hologram or a hologram-like relief structure. In review, the security element 120 appears essentially as a colorless and featureless see-through window. In reflected light against a dark background, the diffraction structure 128 clearly emerges and thus enables the authentication of the document provided with the security element 120.

The security elements described so far usually show a rather inconspicuous visual impression in transmitted light and reveal new features when viewed against a predetermined background. Features that are visible in transmitted light may disappear when placed on a suitable background, or information visible in transmitted light may be supplemented or otherwise altered when viewed against a suitable background. Exemplary embodiments will be described below with reference to FIGS 15 to 20 explained.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show a banknote 130 with a security element 132, wherein Fig. 15 the banknote in supervision and Fig. 16 a section through the banknote and the security element along the line XVI-XVI shows. The security element 132 contains a transparent foil strip 134, which is provided with a black imprint 136, here in the form of the number sequence "10", and a liquid crystal layer 138 applied over it. The black imprint 136 may, as in Fig. 16 , be arranged on the top of the film or on its underside. A see-through area of the banknote, here a continuous opening 140, is completely covered by the film strip 134.

When viewing the banknote against a light background, the black imprint 136 within the see-through area 140 is clearly visible, while disappearing for the viewer when placing the banknote on a dark, especially black background due to the then lack of contrast. After laying, the entire opening 140 appears rather over the entire surface with a uniform characteristic glimmer, which comes from the liquid crystal layer 138.

Another variant is in the FIGS. 17 and 18 shown, where Fig. 17 a plan view of a banknote 150 with a security element and Fig. 18 show a section through the banknote and the security element along the line XVIII-XVIII. The banknote 150 was provided in the papermaking with through holes 152 and 156 with a characteristic deckle edge which is not replicable by cutting or punching.

Furthermore, the banknote is provided with a black imprint 154 in a surrounding area of the first opening 152, while the second opening 156 connects two spaced-apart areas 158 formed by black imprints. The openings 152 and 156 and the associated imprints 154 and 158 are covered by a transparent film strip 160 provided with a liquid crystal layer 162. It is understood that the black imprints 154 and 158 may be applied to the top or bottom of the film 160 instead of the banknote paper.

As an alternative to the black imprints, it is also possible to use a patch, e.g. applied by hot embossing, placed. Of course, this also applies to all other embodiments.

Against a light background, the openings 152 and 156 stand out clearly from the black imprints 154 and 158, respectively. When viewed against a dark, especially black background, the viewing impression changes: The opening 152 and the imprint 154 then appear as a full-surface square, the opening 156, together with the imprints 158, forms a continuous dark area. Moreover, all the dark areas each show the characteristic shimmering of the liquid crystal layer 162.

The in the FIGS. 15 to 18 Illustrated designs can be used to display or disappear, change or supplement information encoded in a security element in the background change.

Exemplary shows Fig. 19 a banknote 170 having a security element 172 of FIG Fig. 17 The banknote 170 has four through openings 174 and five black printing areas 176, which complement each other to represent the desired information, in the embodiment of the number sequence "20". The area of the openings 174 and the black pressure areas 176 is covered with a transparent, liquid-crystal-coated film 178.

When viewed against a light background, the apertures 174 appear bright, while the black print areas 176 appear dark, so that the digit sequence is not recognizable as such. On the other hand, when viewed against a dark background, the regions 174 and 176 appear equally dark, so that the digit string "20" then clearly emerges as a whole.

Another effect is in the embodiment of Fig. 20 exploited. The banknote 180 shown there has a see-through area 182 which is covered with a transparent film 184. The film 184 is provided in a portion with a liquid crystal layer 186 in the form of the left half of the numeral "8". Adjacent to the see-through area 182, a black print 188 in the form of the right half of the numeral "8" is applied to the banknote paper. The region of the banknote containing the imprint 188 is additionally overprinted with a liquid crystal layer 190.

Against a light background only the black imprint 188 can be seen on the banknote, which represents only a part of the overall information. On the other hand, the liquid crystal region 186 is hardly or not at all visible. Only when placed on a black background, the entire figure "8" appears due to the characteristic shimmering of the liquid crystals.

The liquid crystalline material of the designs of the FIGS. 15 to 20 may be in the form of, for example, pigments embedded in a binder matrix. The liquid-crystal layers can also be completely or partially structured and formed, for example, in the form of hatching.

Claims (11)

1. A security document (130; 150), such as a security paper, value document or the like, having a security element (132) having a transparent or translucent substrate (134; 160), characterized in that

   - the transparent or translucent substrate (134; 160) is provided with an authenticating mark which includes one or more layers (138; 162) composed of liquid crystal material in the form of patterns, characters or codes and an black imprint (136; 154,158) in the form of patterns, characters or codes,

   - that the authenticating mark is disposed in or over a window area or a through opening (140; 152, 156) in the security document,

   - that the authenticating mark, in transmitted light, imparts a first optical impression, in particular that the authenticating mark displays patterns, characters or codes in transmitted light, and

   - that the authenticating mark in reflected light against a predefined and easily accessible background, formed by a highly absorptive, dark surface, imparts a second optical impression differing significantly from the first optical impression, namely that firstly in reflected light against the highly absorptive, dark surface, the authenticating mark displays an optically variable effect and that secondly in reflected light against the highly absorptive, dark surface the information content of the patterns, characters or codes of the authenticating mark are significantly changed.
2. The security document (130; 150) according to claim 1, characterized in that a viewing-angle-dependent color-shift effect is used as the optically variable effect.
3. The security document (130; 150) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the authenticating mark includes one or more layers composed of cholesteric liquid crystal material.
4. The security document (130; 150) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, having a verification element that provides a highly absorptive, dark surface and that provides the predefined background for viewing the security element (132) in reflected light.
5. The security document (130; 150) according to claim 4, characterized in that the authenticating mark and the verification element are so geometrically disposed on the security document that the authenticating mark is bringable over the verification element by bending or folding the security document.
6. The security document (130; 150) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the security document exhibits a paper or plastic substrate.
7. The security document (130; 150) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the security document exhibits a plastic substrate and the authenticating mark is applied over a transparent or translucent, especially unprinted, area of the plastic substrate.
8. The security document (130; 150) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the security document exhibits a paper substrate and the authenticating mark is applied over a through opening (140; 152, 156) in the paper substrate,
9. The security document (130; 150) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the security document exhibits a paper substrate and the authenticating mark is introduced into a through opening (140; 152, 156) in the paper substrate with papermaking technology.
10. The security document (130; 150) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the through opening (152, 156) is produced during paper manufacture without a sharp boundary edge of its border area.
11. The security document (130; 150) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the security document is a security paper or a value document.

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