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EP1730447A1 - Brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur

Info

Publication number
EP1730447A1
EP1730447A1 EP05729532A EP05729532A EP1730447A1 EP 1730447 A1 EP1730447 A1 EP 1730447A1 EP 05729532 A EP05729532 A EP 05729532A EP 05729532 A EP05729532 A EP 05729532A EP 1730447 A1 EP1730447 A1 EP 1730447A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
combustion air
fuel injection
air inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05729532A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Bruno Schuermans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1730447A1 publication Critical patent/EP1730447A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner according to the preamble of the first claim.
  • the fluid mechanical stability of a burner is of crucial importance for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations. Fluid mechanics see instability waves that arise at the burner, lead to the formation of vortices, so-called coherent structures, which influence the combustion and can lead to periodic heat release with the associated pressure fluctuations. These high amplitude pressure fluctuations can limit the operating range and can increase the emissions associated with combustion. These problems occur particularly in combustion systems with low acoustic damping, as are often represented by modern gas turbines. In the lean combustion area in particular, there may be a periodic loss of flame stabilization, which likewise leads to pulsations. Coherent structures play a crucial role in mixing processes between air and fuel. The spatial and temporal dynamics of these structures influence combustion and heat release.
  • a method was known from EP 0 918 152 A1, in which means for acoustically exciting the working gas were arranged in the area of the burner in order to counteract the formation of coherent structures. The intention was to excite the shear layer formed in the area of the burner in order to require as little excitation energy as possible. To determine the excitation energy to be introduced and its frequency, the instantaneous acoustic excitation of the shear layer was phase-coupled with a signal measured in the combustion system. However, this method requires considerable means to control the thermoacoustic vibrations z_u.
  • Adjusting the mixture profile in the burner can also have a direct impact on pulsations and emissions.
  • a burner with a stepped injection is known from DE 100 64 893 A1, the fuel outlet openings being divided into at least three groups and the fuel mass flow of the groups being able to be regulated independently of one another axially symmetrically via valves. Opposing nozzles are combined and not controlled independently.
  • the flame shape and position can be changed by essentially changing the mixture profile. This can reduce the influence of flow instabilities as well as time delay effects. This minimizes one changes the occurrence of fluctuations in the heat release and thus the thermoacoustic oscillation.
  • the object of the invention is to suppress thermoacoustic vibrations even more effectively in a burner of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • the essence of the invention is therefore that the injection of the fuel into the combustion air via the injection means is asymmetrical.
  • the advantages of the invention include the fact that pulsations can be prevented even more effectively by the asymmetrical injection of fuel.
  • the asymmetry relates to pairs of injection openings located opposite each other in the direction of flow.
  • the asymmetry can take place statically in that no injection opening is arranged in the area opposite an injection opening. However, this can also be done by individually regulating the fuel supply to the fuel injection openings which are symmetrical per se.
  • Opposing fuel injection openings ⁇ are then fed by means of the control different amounts of fuel and thus an asymmetrical fuel profile is achieved in the swirl chamber of the swirl generator.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a burner, partially cut away.
  • Figure 2 shows a section through the plane II-II in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the plane III-III in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a section through the plane IV-IV in Figure 1; 5 shows a burner according to the invention in a perspective illustration and with an illustration of the half shells;
  • Fig. 8 shows an inverted double cone burner with individually controllable fuel nozzles.
  • the burner according to FIG. 1 consists of a swirl generator 30 which is essentially constructed from two half-hollow partial cone bodies 1, 2 which are offset from one another. Such a burner is called a double-cone burner.
  • the offset of the respective central axis 1b, 2b of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 to one another creates a tangential air inlet slot 19, 20 (FIGS. 2-4) through both sides in a mirror-image arrangement, through which the combustion air 15 enters the interior of the Brenners, ie flows into the cone cavity 14 or also called swirl space.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part 1 a, 2 a, which likewise run offset from one another analogously to the partial cone bodies 1, 2, so that the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 are present from the beginning.
  • a nozzle 3 is accommodated, the fuel injection 4 of which coincides with the narrowest cross section of the conical cavity 14 formed by the two partial cone bodies 1, 2.
  • the Bren ner can be designed purely conical, that is, without cylindrical starting parts 1a, 2a.
  • Both partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a fuel line 8, 9, which are provided with openings "17, through which the gaseous fuel 13, which is mixed with the combustion air 15 flowing through the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20.
  • the fuel lines 8, 9 are attached to the end of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, so that the admixture 16 of the gaseous fuel 13 with the incoming combustion air 15 takes place there, in the combustion chamber 22 on the combustion chamber side the burner has at the burner outlet 29 a collar-shaped end plate 10 serving as anchoring for the partial cone bodies 1, 2 with a number of bores 11 through which, if necessary, dilution air or cooling air 18 passes to the front part of the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber 22 or its wall can be supplied.
  • the liquid fuel 12 flowing through the nozzle 3 is injected into the cone cavity 14 at an acute angle in such a way that the most homogeneous conical fuel spray is obtained in the burner outlet plane, it being very important to ensure that the inner walls of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 are not wetted by the injected liquid fuel 12.
  • the fuel injector 4 can be an air-assisted nozzle or a pressure atomizer.
  • the conical liquid fuel profile 5 is enclosed by a rotating combustion air stream 15 flowing in tangentially. In the axial direction, the concentration of the liquid fuel 12 is continuously reduced by the mixed-in combustion air 15. If gaseous fuel 13 is burned, the mixture formation takes place with the combustion air 15 directly at the end of the air inlet slots 19, 20.
  • the nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions are low if the excess air is at least 60 percent. In the case of complete evaporation before entering the combustion zone, the pollutant emission values are lowest. The same also applies to near-stoichiometric operation when the excess air is replaced by recirculating exhaust gas.
  • the cone inclination and the width of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 have to be kept within narrow limits so that the desired flow field of the air with its return flow zone 6 is established in the area of the burner mouth to the flame rod.
  • Flow initiation functions wherein they, of different lengths, extend the respective end of the partial cone bodies 1 and 2 in the direction of flow of the combustion air 15.
  • the channeling of the combustion air into the cone cavity 14 can be optimized by opening or closing the guide plates 21 a, 21 b about the pivot point 23.
  • the swirl generator 30, consisting of the partial cone body 1 with the fuel line 8 and the partial cone body 2 with the fuel line 9, is in the operating position on the left-hand side and in a comparative position on the right-hand side in order to compare the configuration of the two partial cone bodies , shown.
  • the openings 17a of the fuel line 8 are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the openings 17b of the fuel line 9.
  • Fuel openings IT'a thus lie opposite areas of the fuel line 9 in which no fuel openings are arranged, and fuel openings 17b thus lie opposite areas of the fuel line 8 in which no fuel openings are arranged. This creates an asymmetrical fuel profile when the fuel is injected into the combustion air.
  • Pulsations are suppressed by this asymmetrical arrangement of the fuel openings 17a and 17a and the asymmetrical fuel profile generated thereby.
  • the type and strength of the asymmetry generated must be adapted to the special case. Burner system with few pulsations can cause a slight asymmetry of the fuel nozzle, in systems with high pulsations, the asymmetry must be increased.
  • the asymmetry is set in a test facility in accordance with the method described in FIG. 7 below.
  • the setting can e.g. by trying it out or by means of an optimization algorithm.
  • the asymmetry is set in this way, e.g. by means of valves that the pulsations are minimal and the pollutant emission is at an acceptable level.
  • the swirl chamber 14 is formed by the partial cone shells 1 and 2.
  • the combustion air flows through the air inlet slots 19 and 20 into the swirl chamber 14.
  • the resulting fuel-air mixture is transported into the combustion chamber and ignited.
  • the double-cone burner has eight fuel injection ovens 17a and 17b at each air inlet slot 19, 20, which are individually supplied with fuel via a line.
  • a valve 31 to 38 or respectively 41 to 48 is arranged in each of these lines, wherein each of these valves can be regulated independently of the other.
  • Fuel injection openings 17a and 17b are controlled by means of the valves 31 and -41, 32 and 42, 33 and 43, etc., in such a way that at least one of the eight opposite pairs of fuel openings has a different fuel mass flow with respect to the fuel opening opposite them, and thus an asymmetrical one Fuel is supplied.
  • the degree of pulsations can be determined via sensors in the combustion chamber 22 and the degree of asymmetry can be adapted to the conditions by means of the fuel injection openings 17a and IT 'and the associated valve pairs 31 and 41, etc.
  • This asymmetry control can of course be combined with a staged combustion according to the disclosure of DE 100 64 893 A1 in order to prevent harmful pulsations even more effectively.
  • the asymmetry for specific systems is set in a test facility with the aid of electrically controllable valves. These are controlled by a control and regulation unit, e.g. controlled a computer. This computer also processes the measured pulsations and pollutant emissions. Using an algorithm, the valves are set so that the pulsations are minimized and the pollutant emissions remain below a defined level.
  • the algorithm can also be adapted for the specific system.
  • FIG. 1 Another type of swirl-generating burner, a so-called inverted double-cone burner, is shown in FIG.
  • the swirl generator is formed here from hollow partial cylinder bodies 50, 51 which are arranged offset with respect to one another and into whose interior projects a conical body 49 converging in the direction of flow.
  • the combustion air also enters the swirl chamber 14 through the inlet slots 19 and 23. Due to the cone body protruding into the interior space formed by the partial cylinder bodies, the combustion air entering the swirl chamber is also set in rotation here.
  • the double 7 are also arranged in the area of the air inlet slots, fuel openings 17a and 17b, through which fuel is injected into the combustion air. The resulting fuel-air mixture is transported into the combustion chamber and ignited.
  • the inverted double-cone burner has eight fuel injection openings 17a and 17b, which are individually supplied with fuel via a line.
  • a valve 31 to 38 or respectively 41 to 48 is arranged in each of these lines, wherein each of these valves can be regulated independently of the other.
  • opposite fuel injection openings 17a and 17b are now controlled by means of valves 31 and 41, 32 and 42, 33 and 43, etc., so that at least one of the eight opposite pairs of fuel openings has a different fuel mass flow with respect to the opposite one Has fuel opening and so an asymmetrical fuel supply takes place.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown and described.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 can of course also be combined with the embodiment according to FIG. 7 and that according to FIG. 8. This can minimize the active control of the valves.
  • the number of fuel openings and thus the number of valves can be adjusted as required.
  • the burner can also have other shapes than shown in the exemplary embodiment and other types of burners can also be used.
  • the burner shown can with respect to
  • Shape and the size of the tangential air inlets 19, 20 can be varied as desired.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un brûleur comprenant principalement un dispositif de production de tourbillon (30) destiné à un courant d'air de combustion (15), des éléments (17, 17a, 17b, 31-38,41-48) qui servent à introduire du carburant dans le courant d'air de combustion (15), et des fentes d'entrée d'air (19, 20), le courant d'air de combustion (15) pénétrant dans l'espace de tourbillonnement (14) du dispositif de production de tourbillon (30), par les fentes d'entrée d'air. L'injection du carburant dans l'air de combustion s'effectue de façon asymétrique par les éléments d'injection (17, 17a, 17b, 31-38,41-48).
EP05729532A 2004-03-31 2005-03-23 Brûleur Withdrawn EP1730447A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5552004 2004-03-31
PCT/EP2005/051360 WO2005095863A1 (fr) 2004-03-31 2005-03-23 Brûleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1730447A1 true EP1730447A1 (fr) 2006-12-13

Family

ID=34963097

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05729532A Withdrawn EP1730447A1 (fr) 2004-03-31 2005-03-23 Brûleur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8029273B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1730447A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005095863A1 (fr)

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US8029273B2 (en) 2011-10-04
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