Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D3/00—Book covers
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  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
  • C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
  • C09C1/3684—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D1/00—Books or other bound products
  • B42D1/003—Books or other bound products characterised by shape or material of the sheets
  • B42D1/007—Sheets or sheet blocks combined with other articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
  • C08G18/3893—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
  • C08G18/4269—Lactones
  • C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
  • C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/807—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with nitrogen containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
  • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
  • C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
  • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
  • C09C1/3081—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
  • C09C1/407—Aluminium oxides or hydroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
  • C09C3/12—Treatment with organosilicon compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
  • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
  • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
  • C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
  • C09D7/68—Particle size between 100-1000 nm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO BOOKS, FILING APPLIANCES OR THE LIKE
  • B42P2221/00—Books or filing appliances with additional arrangements
  • B42P2221/08—Books or filing appliances with additional arrangements with odors or fragrance
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
  • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K3/36—Silica
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2991—Coated
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2991—Coated
  • Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2995—Silane, siloxane or silicone coating
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
  • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane

Definitions

• the present invention relates to surface-modified nanoparticles consisting of metal or semimetal oxides or hydroxides, which have been reacted on their surface with a modifier to form covalent bonds. Moreover, the present invention relates to novel dispersions of the surface-modified nanoparticles in carrier media. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing the surface-modified nanoparticles. Likewise, the present invention relates to the use of the novel surface-modified nanoparticles as fillers in coating materials, plastics, foams and nail varnishes.
• Nanoparticles are finely divided solids having a particle size of 2 to 200 nm.
• the determination of the particle sizes was carried out in the context of the present invention by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
• TEM transmission electron microscopy
• the corresponding nanoparticle dispersions were diluted, applied to a carbon mesh (600 mesh carbon film) and dried.
• the analysis was carried out in each case with a LEO 912 transmission electron microscope.
• the evaluation of the TEM images was carried out digitally using software from analySIS Soft Imaging System GmbH.
• the particle diameter was calculated in each case for at least 1000 particles by correlating the measured area of the nanoparticles with an area-like circle.
• nanoparticles as a filler for coating systems offers the advantage that a coating material obtains desired properties (such as increased scratch resistance) without at the same time having to accept negative side effects (such as, for example, poor transparency).
• nano-scale fillers based on silica are not bound to the organic matrix, the effect of improving the mechanical properties in UV-curable or epoxy-based coating systems is far from being so pronounced.
• other nanoparticle types can also be incorporated into coating materials in order to optimize mechanical properties.
• nanoscale aluminum oxide eg: NANOBYK-3600 or NANOBYK-3601, BYK-Chemie GmbH, Wesel
• a significant improvement in the abrasion resistance is achieved without influencing the flexibility of the system.
• the alumina is in this case not bound to the organic matrix of the coating system.
• the stabilization of the nanoparticles in the paint matrix takes place via commercially available wetting and dispersing additives.
• Coating systems that are not radiation-curing or based on epoxy systems can also be optimized by adding nanoparticles in their scratch resistance.
• the patent US 6593417 describes a method according to which silica particles are used in combination with a polysiloxane in a 2-component polyurethane lacquer.
• the polysiloxane has reactive groups associated with the Can connect paint matrix via covalent groups.
• the attachment of the polysiloxane to the nanoparticles occurs only via coordinative interactions.
• the special combination of nanoparticles and polysiloxane leads to the fact that the nanoparticles orient themselves to the coating-air interface and there lead to a mechanical reinforcement, which manifests itself in increased scratch resistance.
• a disadvantage is the orientation of the nanoparticles to the interface coating / air, as by applying the coating by weathering and use of influences, the top layer is first removed and thus decreases the effectiveness over time.
• the patent US 5853809 teaches that an improvement in the scratch resistance of coating systems, such as those used in automotive finishes, can be achieved by the incorporation of modified nanoparticles.
• the modification of the nanoparticles for example, by a functional polyurethane in such a way that the polymer enters into a covalent bond with the nanoparticle surface.
• the polymeric shell of the nanoparticle thus modified is able to form covalent bonds with the binder system of the coating material. Statements about the embrittlement of the paint system, especially at high nanoparticle contents, are not made.
• nanoscale filler particles which are dispersed in a polymeric matrix.
• Surface modifiers include silanes, in particular organoalkoxysilanes.
• the surface modifier is a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight not higher than 500.
• the functional groups that must carry such compounds depend on the surface groups of the nanoscale particles and on the desired interaction with the matrix. The modified particles therefore have an affinity for the matrix.
• the new dispersions should have a high storage stability even at high particle content.
• the tendency of the nanoparticle dispersion to sedimentation or gelation should be excluded.
• the dispersion should increase the scratch resistance of the cured coatings.
• the reactivity of the new surface-modified nanoparticles with respect to the binder components of the coating system used should be minimized in order to avoid the tendency for embrittlement of the cured paint film.
• a further object of the invention was to provide a method which can be carried out in a simple manner and can be varied widely in order to thus tailor new surface-modified nanoparticles and their dispersions for different applications.
• nanoparticles which carry on their surface covalently bound modifying agents which have a higher molecular weight are preferably linear and are inert to a surrounding matrix.
• the claimed nanoparticles are thus particles which consist of a metal or semimetal oxide or hydroxide, as well as particles which consist of mixed metal and / or semimetal oxides or hydroxides.
• the oxides of aluminum, silicon, zinc, titanium, etc. can be used for the production of modified nanoparticles.
• oxide hydroxides such as, for example, aluminum oxide hydroxide by the stated process.
• the manufacturing process of oxidic or hydroxidischen or Oxidhydroxidischen nanoparticles can be carried out by a variety of methods such as ion exchange processes, plasma processes, sol-gel process, precipitation, comminution (eg by grinding) or flame hydrolysis, etc.
• the size of the nanoparticles is in the range from 2 to 200 nm, preferably below 100 nm, more preferably below 50 nm. It does not matter by which method the oxide or hydroxide particles were produced.
• the novel nanoparticles found are referred to below as “nanoparticles according to the invention”.
• the novel dispersions of the nanoparticles according to the invention are referred to below as “dispersions of the invention”.
• the object on which the present invention is based could be achieved by the nanoparticles according to the invention, the dispersions according to the invention and the preparation process according to the invention.
• the preparation of the nanoparticles according to the invention and of the dispersions according to the invention could be carried out in a simple manner without the use of expensive methods or processes.
• the nanoparticles according to the invention were suitable for the production of thermally curable, radiation-curing and 2-component coating systems, thermoplastics, foams, etc.
• the dispersion according to the invention it has been possible to provide an easily handled nanoparticle concentrate which, for example, can be simply metered into a wide variety of coating systems in order to achieve the desired effect of improved mechanical resistance, for example scratch resistance.
• improved mechanical resistance for example scratch resistance.
• the ease of metering of the dispersion of the invention was also a good stability of the dispersion against settling and gel formation especially at high solids levels observed.
• nanoparticles according to the invention are coated with modifying groups in such a way that possibly still existing functional reactive groups on the particle surface are shielded so far that a reaction of these groups with other functional groups, for steric reasons, no longer takes place.
• the surface of the nanoparticles according to the invention is covered with at least one kind of modifying groups.
• the structure of the modifying groups is shown below:
• the modifying group is covalently attached to the particle surface.
• the modifying group has 1-10 structural elements that can form at least one covalent bond with the particle surface.
• the modifying group consists of a spacer which can not react with the particle surface and is also inert to the matrix (other paint ingredients, plastic components, etc.).
• the spacer portion of the modifying group is formed from a polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 300-5000 daltons.
• the structure of the spacer radical is preferably linear.
• the modifier is composed of at least one or more of the particle surface reactive anchor groups, and a polydialkylsiloxane.
• the anchor groups with the connecting structures may be attached to the ends of the polydialkylsiloxane or may be present as side groups on the polydialkylsiloxane.
• the following diagram illustrates the possible structures of the modifier:
• the structure of the modifier of a preferred embodiment can also be described via the above scheme.
• This structure of the modifier has the best effectiveness in the application and is therefore preferred.
• These are nanoparticles according to the invention, which are characterized in that the modifier is a polysiloxane of the general empirical formula R 1 x R 2 3-x Si-R 3 -R 4 in which R 4 is a monovalent organic radical consisting of a polydialkylsiloxane having a number average molecular weight of 300-5000 daltons, wherein the alkyl substituents on the silicon atom have 1-8 carbon atoms.
• the modifier is composed of a particle surface reactive head group, a linking midblock (R 3 ), and a polydialkylsiloxane (R 4 ) end group.
• the modifying group is attached to the particle surface via at least one, preferably two, and more preferably three covalent bonds.
• the modifying group consists of a spacer which can not react with the particle surface and is also inert to the matrix (other paint components, plastic components, etc.).
• the spacer portion of the modifying group is formed from a polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 300-5000 daltons.
• the structure of the spacer radical is preferably linear.
• the preparation of the nanoparticles according to the invention can be carried out by simply mixing the modifier with a nanoparticulate powder. It must be ensured that a covalent attachment of the modifier to the surface of the nanoparticles takes place. The conditions for this depend on the reactivity of the functional groups to be reacted with one another and can easily be determined by the person skilled in the art. If a reaction does not take place even at room temperature, covalent bonding of the modifying agent can be achieved, for example, by tempering the mixture of nanoparticulate powder and modifier at a temperature of about 80 ° C. over a period of about one hour.
• the nanoparticles of the invention can be used directly in paints and plastics.
• the nanoparticles of the invention are particularly suitable for the preparation of dispersions in, for example, water, solvents, plasticizers, waxes, mineral oils and reactive diluents and other carrier media, as are commonly used in the coatings and plastics industry.
• the dispersions according to the invention are prepared by incorporating appropriately modified nanoparticles in the desired dispersion medium using customary dispersing aggregates, for example tooth colloid mills, dissolvers, ultrasonic dispersants, etc.
• a dispersion of the invention is obtained.
• the transfer of an inventive Dispersion from one to another dispersion medium succeeds, for example, by distillation.
• the particle content of the dispersions according to the invention measured as incineration residue, can be increased to values of up to more than 40%, without there being any formation of gel or significant sedimentation.
• the dispersions according to the invention may contain at least one additional substance which originates from the field of typical additives, binders or crosslinking agents.
• wetting and dispersing additives or additives for controlling the rheological properties as well as defoamers, light stabilizers and catalysts may be mentioned here.
• nanoparticles according to the invention and the dispersions according to the invention are extremely broadly applicable.
• the broad applicability in combination with the extraordinarily good effectiveness of the nanoparticles according to the invention and the dispersions according to the invention far exceed the nanoparticles of the prior art.
• the application of the nanoparticles and dispersions according to the invention is carried out by adding them to existing systems which are further processed into paints, adhesives, plastics, etc.
• By adding even small amounts of the nanoparticles according to the invention or dispersions according to the invention an extraordinarily increased mechanical resistance and simultaneously increased resistance to chemical influences of the resulting coating or the molding is achieved.
• the processing properties of the coatings and plastics are only insignificantly influenced, so that no new optimization of the external parameters must be carried out in these applications.
• the nanoparticles according to the invention and their dispersions are outstandingly suitable for use in coating materials, plastics, adhesives, sealants, etc.
• Si-H-functional polysiloxane having the following average structure are presented:
• This silicone can be easily prepared by an equilibration reaction as described by Noll (Chemie und Technologie der Silicones, Wiley / VCH, Weinheim, 1984).
• the silicone is heated to 70 ° C. under nitrogen and admixed with 16.3 g of vinyltrimethoxysilane (eg: Geniosil XL10, Wacker Chemie GmbH). Subsequently, 10 ppm of hexachloroplatinic acid are added. After the exothermic reaction has subsided, the reaction mixture is stirred for one hour at 80.degree. Subsequently, vacuum is applied and about 2 g of unreacted vinyltrimethoxysilane or volatile constituents of the polysiloxane separated by distillation. The product is low viscous and has a slightly amber color.
• aqueous silica sol (Köstrosol 2040AS, Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz) are introduced into a 250 ml four-necked flask and mixed with 75 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and heated to 60.degree.
• 1.6 g of propyltrimethoxysilane (Dynasylan PTMO, Degussa AG) are added dropwise to the mixture and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for two hours.
• 80 g of methoxypropyl acetate are added and 110 g of solvent mixture in vacuo at 70 ° C separated.
• nanoscale alumina powder (NanoDur, Nanophase Technology Corporation) are stirred into a solution of 56.8 g of methoxypropyl acetate and 3.2 g of wetting and dispersing agent (BYK-9077, BYK-Chemie GmbH) and then ultrasonically (Dr. Hielscher, UIP 1000, 500 W, 4 min).
• the dispersion thus obtained is of low viscosity and shows no tendency to gel or sedimentation after 28 days of storage.
• aqueous silica sol (Köstrosol 2040AS, Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz) are introduced into a 250 ml four-necked flask and mixed with 75 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and heated to 60.degree.
• 1.6 g of propyltrimethoxysilane (Dynasylan PTMO, Degussa AG) are added dropwise to the mixture, and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for two hours.
• 80 g of methoxypropyl acetate are added and 110 g of solvent mixture in vacuo at 70 ° C separated.
• the dispersion After the addition of 3.75 g of wetting and dispersing aid (Disperbyk-168, BYK-Chemie GmbH), the dispersion is homogenized and then adjusted by separation of solvent mixture in vacuo at 75 ° C, a solids content of 35%. The resulting dispersion exhibits a translucency typical of colloidal mixtures, is low viscosity, and shows no tendency to gel after 28 days of storage.
• wetting and dispersing aid Disperbyk-168, BYK-Chemie GmbH
• aqueous silica sol (Köstrosol 2040AS, Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz) are introduced into a 250 ml four-necked flask and mixed with 75 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and heated to 60.degree.
• 1.6 g of propyltrimethoxysilane (Dynasylan PTMO, Degussa AG) are added dropwise to the mixture, and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for two hours.
• 80 g of methoxypropyl acetate are added and 110 g of solvent mixture in vacuo at 70 ° C separated.
• Silaplane FM 0411 (Chisso Corporation) are introduced and mixed with 40.0 g of caprolactone.
• the mixture is heated to 70 ° C. under nitrogen as protective gas. At this temperature, 0.004 g of dibutyl tin dilaurate is added. It is then heated to 180 ° C. After four hours reaction time is cooled to 70 ° C and then 9.3 g of 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane (SLM GENIOSIL GF 40 Wacker) are added dropwise. After two hours reaction time, the product is cooled to room temperature. The result is a waxy, slightly yellowish substance.
• SLM GENIOSIL GF 40 Wacker 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane
• aqueous silica sol (Köstrosol 2040AS, Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz) are introduced into a 250 ml four-necked flask and mixed with 75 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and heated to 60.degree.
• 1.6 g of propyltrimethoxysilane (Dynasylan PTMO, Degussa AG) are added dropwise to the mixture, and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for two hours.
• 80 g of methoxypropyl acetate are added and 110 g of solvent mixture in vacuo at 70 ° C separated.
• Preparation Example 11 1.20 g (Preparation Example 11) or 2.40 g (Preparation Example 12) Modification reagent from Preparation Example 10 are added and it is stirred for two hours at 75 ° C.
• 3.75 g of wetting and dispersing aid Disperbyk-168, BYK-Chemie GmbH
• the dispersion is homogenized and then adjusted by separation of solvent mixture in vacuo at 75 ° C, a solids content of 35%.
• the resulting dispersion exhibits translucency typical of colloidal mixtures, is low viscosity and shows no tendency to gel or sediment after 28 days of storage.
• aqueous silica sol (Köstrosol 2040AS, Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz) are placed in a 250 ml four-necked flask and mixed with 100 g of diacetone alcohol and heated to 70.degree. 2.25 g of a polyether-modified alkoxysilane (Silquest A-1230, OSi Specialties) are added dropwise to the mixture and the mixture is stirred at 70 ° C. for two hours. Subsequently, 30 g of solvent mixture in vacuo at 70 ° C are separated. Subsequently, 1.25 g Moidattysreagenz from Preparation Example 1 are added and it is stirred at 70 ° C for two hours.
• the dispersion After the addition of 6.0 g of wetting and dispersing aid (Disperbyk-191, BYK-Chemie GmbH), the dispersion is adjusted by separation of solvent mixture in vacuo at 75 ° C, a solids content of 35% (incineration residue). The resulting dispersion exhibits translucency typical of colloidal mixtures, is low viscosity and shows no tendency to gel or sediment after 28 days of storage.
• wetting and dispersing aid Disperbyk-191, BYK-Chemie GmbH
• the components Desmophen 1300 BA, methoxypropyl acetate and optionally the corresponding dispersion were thoroughly mixed. Then the hardener Desmodur HL 60 BA was added and stirred. The resulting coating material was (100 * 200 mm) is plotted on PMMA plates (200 x 400 mm 2) or glass plates with a 100 .mu.m spiral applicator. The curing of the coating was carried out at 40 ° C for one hour. After forced drying, the substrates were stored for three days at room temperature and then tested. The resulting layer thickness was about 40 microns.
• the measurement of the scattered light component of the coatings was measured in transmission using a device from BYK-Gardner (haze-gard plus).
• the scratch resistance was tested with a scrubber (Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester, BYK-Gardner) based on the ASTM D 2486 method.
• the gloss of the coatings was measured in each case before and after carrying out the above-mentioned scratches test with a gloss meter (Micro-tri-gloss, BYK-Gardner).
• the components of the respective components were mixed thoroughly. Immediately before the coating, the two components 1 and 2 were mixed.
• the application of the coating system was carried out by a spray application on PMMA plates (200 x 400 mm 2 ). After a flash-off time of one hour at room temperature, forced drying was carried out at 60 ° C. for a period of 12 hours. The achieved layer thickness of the coating was about 45 microns.
• the scratch resistance was tested with a scrubber (Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester, BYK-Gardner) based on the ASTM D 2486 method. The evaluation of the formed scratch was visually on a scale of 1 (no scratching) made to 6 (very strong scratching).
• the components of the respective components were thoroughly mixed. Immediately prior to coating, components 1 and 2 were mixed.
• the application of Coating system was carried out by a spray application on PMMA plates (200 * 400 mm). After a flash-off time of one hour at room temperature, forced drying was carried out at 60 ° C. for a period of 12 hours. The achieved layer thickness of the coating was about 45 microns.
• the scratch resistance was tested with a scrubber (Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester, BYK-Gardner) based on the ASTM D 2486 method. The evaluation of the formed scratch was made visually on a scale of 1 (no scratching) to 6 (very severe scratching).
• NeoPac E 106 46,40 46,40 BYK-028 0.20 0.20 butylglycol 2.20 2.20 propylene glycol 2.20 2.20 water 6.00 6.00 Coatex BR 125 P (10% in water 1.80 1.80 BYK-341 0.20 0.20 BYK-346 0.20 0.20 BYK-028 0.80 0.80
• NeoPac E 106 40,00 40,00 Dispersion from Preparation Example 13 --- --- NeoPac E 106 (Aromatic urethane acrylate copolymer dispersion, 33% in water) DSM NeoResins, NL BYK-028 (defoamer) BYK-Chemie GmbH, D Coatex BR 125 P (polyurethane thickener, 10% in water) Coatex SA, F BYK-341 (surface additive) BYK-Chemie GmbH, D BYK-346 (surface additive) BYK-Chemie GmbH
• the components of the individual coating systems were mixed thoroughly in the order listed. After standing for two hours at room temperature, the paints were applied to plastic substrates of size 200 x 400 mm in a layer thickness of 150 microns aufgerakelt. The curing of the coatings was carried out by 16 h storage of the respective plates at ambient conditions and then by two-hour storage of the plates at 60 ° C in a convection oven. The scratch resistance of the panels was carried out after 48 hours of conditioning at room temperature.
• the scratch resistance was tested with a scrubber (Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester, BYK-Gardner) based on the ASTM D 2486 method.
• the assessment of the scratches formed was made visually on a scale of 1 (no scratching) to 6 (very strong scratching) after 100 and 500 double strokes, respectively.
• example Scratching degree after 100 double strokes Scratching degree after 500 double strokes
• Application Example 17 (Inventive Nanoparticles) 2 3

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