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EP1688183A1 - Method and disposable device for centrifugal separation of a physiologic liquid - Google Patents

Method and disposable device for centrifugal separation of a physiologic liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1688183A1
EP1688183A1 EP05405052A EP05405052A EP1688183A1 EP 1688183 A1 EP1688183 A1 EP 1688183A1 EP 05405052 A EP05405052 A EP 05405052A EP 05405052 A EP05405052 A EP 05405052A EP 1688183 A1 EP1688183 A1 EP 1688183A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular
liquid
enclosure
chamber
centrifugal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05405052A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Denis Rochat
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP05405052A priority Critical patent/EP1688183A1/en
Priority to JP2007553434A priority patent/JP2008528213A/en
Priority to CA002596450A priority patent/CA2596450A1/en
Priority to US11/815,419 priority patent/US20080128367A1/en
Priority to AU2006209864A priority patent/AU2006209864A1/en
Priority to PCT/CH2006/000061 priority patent/WO2006081699A1/en
Priority to EP06701051A priority patent/EP1846167A1/en
Publication of EP1688183A1 publication Critical patent/EP1688183A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/08—Skimmers or scrapers for discharging ; Regulating thereof
    • B04B11/082—Skimmers for discharging liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the centrifugal separation of a physiological liquid and to a disposable device for the centrifugal separation of this physiological liquid, in particular blood, comprising a circular centrifuge chamber rotatably mounted about its axis. of revolution, an inlet channel for the centrifugal blood whose distribution opening is located near the bottom of said centrifuge chamber, an outlet passage for at least one of the separated constituents of said liquid having the highest density. low, whose collection opening is located near the end of said chamber opposite said bottom, said liquid forming a substantially axial tubular flow against the circular side wall of said enclosure between said distribution and collection openings, which is finds in a concentration zone of said separate constituent to remove it continuously.
  • leukocytes Given the viscosity of RBCs, their proportion and the small difference in the respective densities of leukocytes and RBCs, leukocytes have great difficulty in returning to the surface of the RBC layer during the separation of RBC components. blood by centrifugation, since leukocytes remain most often trapped under the red blood cell layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy, at least partially, these disadvantages.
  • the subject of the present invention is firstly a centrifugal separation method for a determined volume of a physiological liquid, especially blood, according to claim 1. It also relates to a disposable device for the centrifugal separation of a physiological fluid, especially blood according to claim 3.
  • the method and the device according to the present invention provide an important simplification of the operations for separating physiological liquids, in particular blood, by making it possible to carry out the deleucocytation of the separated components during the liquid centrifugation separation operation.
  • the supply and outlet ducts of the components separated from the device according to the invention are fixed and the two main components RBC and PRP leave the device continuously.
  • the inner face of the side wall of the centrifuge chamber comprises an annular segment flaring in the direction of the axial flow of said liquid to cause a local acceleration of this flow and a corresponding reduction in the thickness of the the layer of said liquid.
  • This zone of acceleration of the flow is intended to allow leukocytes with a density slightly lower than that of red blood cells, but of a substantially larger size to be released from the mass of red blood cells. so that after the separation zone, when the flow velocity decreases and the liquid layer increases, the leucocytes are found at the interface between the red blood cells and the PRP.
  • this acceleration zone also makes it possible to eject the platelets from the red blood cells during concentration, thereby increasing the platelet yield of the PRP.
  • the housing of the centrifugal separator intended to use the device according to the present invention and illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 comprises two elongate centrifugation enclosures 1, 2 of tubular form.
  • the first centrifugal tubular chamber 1, which is the subject of the present invention, comprises a supply duct 3 which is connected to a fixed axial input and output element 4 of the centrifuge chamber 1.
  • This supply duct 3 is connected to a pumping device 5 which comprises two pumps 6 and 7 phase shifted by 180 ° relative to each other to ensure a continuous flow of a physiological fluid, especially blood.
  • An air detector 10 is arranged along the supply duct 3.
  • outlet ducts 8, 9 are connected to the fixed axial element 4, to allow the continuous output of two components of different densities of the physiological fluid.
  • the outlet duct 8 is intended for the outlet of the RBC concentrated red blood cells and the duct 9 for the outlet of the platelet rich PRP plasma.
  • This outlet duct 9 comprises a valve 11 and divides into two branches 9a, 9b.
  • the branch 9a is used to recover the platelet concentrate and is controlled by a valve 12.
  • the valves 11 and 12 operate in exclusive OR logic either to pass the PRP from the chamber 1 to the chamber 2, or to empty the platelet concentrate from enclosure 2 to exit 9a.
  • the branch 9b serves to drive the PRP to a pumping device 13 comprising two pumps 14 and 15 phase-shifted by 180 ° and serving to ensure the continuous supply of the second tubular centrifuge chamber 2 by a supply duct 16 connected to a fixed axial element 17 of the second centrifugal tubular chamber 2.
  • An outlet duct 24 for the platelet poor plasma PPP is also connected to the fixed axial element 17.
  • FIG. 2 represents the driving and guiding mode of the substantially tubular centrifugation enclosure 1.
  • the assembly of the driving and guiding elements of the centrifugal tubular enclosure is located on the same support 18 connected to the housing centrifugal separator by an anti-vibration suspension 19 of silentbloc type.
  • the support 18 has a vertical wall whose lower end terminates in a horizontal support arm 18a to which is attached a drive motor 20.
  • the drive shaft 20a of this motor 20 has a polygonal shape, such as a Torx® profile, complementary to an axial recess formed in a small tubular element la which projects under the bottom of the tubular centrifugal chamber 1.
  • the coupling between the drive shaft of the motor 20 and the element tubular 1a must be made with very high precision, to ensure extremely precise guidance of this end of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1.
  • the upper end of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1 comprises a cylindrical axial guide member 1b of diameter substantially smaller than that of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1, which protrudes on its upper face.
  • the cylindrical face of this element 1b is intended to engage with three centering rollers 21.
  • One of these rollers 21 is integral with an arm 22, one end of which is pivotally mounted on an upper horizontal part of the support 18.
  • This arm 22 is subjected to the force of a spring (not shown) or any other suitable means, intended to impart to it a torque tending to rotate it clockwise, so that it resiliently bears against the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical axial guide member 1b.
  • tubular centrifuge chamber can be put in place and removed from the support 18 by pivoting the arm 22 in the opposite direction to that of the hands of the watch.
  • a device for locking the angular position of the arm 22, corresponding to that in which its roller 21 bears against the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical axial guide member 1b, is provided to avoid having too much prestressing of the spring associated with the arm 22.
  • the span between the cylindrical axial guide element 1b and the upper end of the tubular enclosure 1 serves, in cooperation with the centering rollers 21, axial abutment, preventing uncoupling between the drive shaft 20a of the engine 20 and the axial recess of the tubular element 1a protruding under the bottom of the tubular enclosure 1.
  • An elastic element for centering and fixing 23 of the fixed axial input and output element 4 of the tubular centrifugation enclosure is integral with the upper horizontal portion 18b of the support 18.
  • This element 23 comprises two symmetrical elastic branches, of semicircular shapes and which each end with a curved part to the outside, intended to transmit to these elastic branches forces to separate them from one another, during the lateral introduction of the fixed axial element 4 input and output between them.
  • the tubular centrifuge chamber 1 has a diameter of between 10 and 50 mm, preferably 30 mm, and is driven at a rotation speed of between 5,000 and 100,000 rpm, so that the tangential velocity at which the liquid is subjected does not exceed preferably 26 m / s.
  • the axial length of the centrifugal tubular chamber 1 is advantageously between 40 and 200 mm, preferably 90 mm.
  • Such parameters make it possible to ensure a liquid flow rate of between 20 and 400 ml / min (especially for dialysis), preferably 100 ml / min, corresponding to a residence time of the liquid of 0.5 to 60 seconds, preferably 5 seconds in the tubular enclosure.
  • the tubular enclosure 1 is made from two parts, the tubular enclosure itself and a closure element 1f, both of which terminate in respective annular assembly flanges 1c, 1d welded to each other.
  • the internal space of the tubular portion 1e is delimited by the substantially cylindrical wall of this chamber.
  • its cylindrical side wall Near the bottom of the tubular enclosure 1e, its cylindrical side wall has a conical segment 1g ( Figure 3) whose role will be explained later.
  • the axial fixed input and output element 4 enters this tubular enclosure 1 through an axial opening formed in the center of the cylindrical axial guide element 1b.
  • the tightness between this axial opening integral with the centrifuge chamber 1 and the fixed axial element 4 is achieved by a tubular joint 25, a segment of which is fixed on a cylindrical portion of this axial fixed element 4 inlet and outlet , while another segment is introduced into an annular space 26 of the cylindrical axial guide element 1b and bears on a convex surface of the tubular wall 27 separating the axial opening through the cylindrical axial guide element 1b of the annular space 26.
  • This seal serves to preserve the sterility of the liquid contained in the centrifuge chamber.
  • the portion of the tubular seal 25 which bears on the tubular wall 27 undergoes a slight radial deformation to ensure sealing.
  • the diameter on which the tubular seal 25 rubs is small and is preferably ⁇ 10 mm, so that the heating is limited to acceptable values. It can also be seen from the aforementioned possible dimensions given for the tubular centrifuge chamber 1, that the axial distance between the centering and upper guide means 21 and lower 20a of this chamber 1 is greater than five times the diameter of the cylindrical axial guide member 1b. Given the accuracy with which the tubular enclosure 1 is guided and the accuracy that can reach the relative positioning of the fixed axial input and output element 4, the seal has practically no need to compensate for a lack of concentricity. of the tubular enclosure 1 in rotation, as is the case of known devices of the state of the art working in semi-continuous flow. This also contributes to reducing the heating of the rotating tubular joint 25 and thus makes it possible to increase the rotational speed of the centrifugal tubular enclosure 1.
  • the fixed axial inlet and outlet element 4 comprises a tubular part 3a which extends the supply duct 3 connected to this axial fixed element 4 to the bottom of the centrifugal tubular enclosure 1 to bring the blood or other physiological fluid to be separated.
  • the outlet ducts 8 and 9 connected to the fixed axial inlet and outlet element 4 each comprise an axial segment 8a, respectively 9a which penetrates into the tubular enclosure and opens into the part of the fixed axial element 4d. inlet and outlet which is in the vicinity of the upper end of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1.
  • the collection end of each of these outlet ducts 8a, 9a is formed by a circular slot. Each of these slots is formed between two disks 28, 29, respectively 30, 31, integral with the fixed axial element 4 input and output.
  • the diameters of these four discs 28 to 31 are preferably substantially identical.
  • the circular collection openings formed between the discs 28, 29, respectively 30, 31 are separated from each other by a tubular barrier 32, shown separately in FIG. 5. It comprises a tubular wall 32a concentric and parallel to the side wall of the centrifuge chamber 1e. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 4, the radial spacing between this tubular wall 32a and the side wall of the tubular enclosure 1e, as well as the thickness of this tubular wall 32a are chosen so that this tubular wall 32a is entirely in the thickness formed by the L1 phase of the centrifugally separated liquid having the highest density, corresponding to RBC.
  • the end of this tubular wall 32a farthest from the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 1 has an annular portion 32b closes in the direction of the axial fixed portion 4, in the space between the discs 29 and 30.
  • This annular portion 32b has an inner annular flange 32c extending towards the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 1.
  • the diameter of this annular flange 32c is chosen to be in the thickness formed by the L2 phase of the separated liquid by centrifugation having the lowest density corresponding to the PRP.
  • the leucocytes which are in the vicinity of the interface of the phases L1, L2 of the centrifugally separated liquid have only one possibility, that of being deposited at the bottom of the annular storage space provided between the wall tubular 32a of the dam 32 and the inner annular flange 32c.
  • These leucocytes L3 accumulate by progressively pushing the RBC towards the open end of the dam 32.
  • the volume of the annular space thus formed between the tubular wall 32a and the annular rim 32c is chosen to contain at least the volume of leukocytes contained in a determined volume of blood to be centrifuged, for example 450 ml, which is the usual capacity of blood taken from a donor, this volume obviously being slightly variable from one individual to another.
  • the cylindrical portion formed by the annular rim 32c is located opposite the circular collection opening formed between the discs 30 and 31, thus isolating this opening of the liquid phases other than the L2 phase. intended to be sucked by this circular collection opening. This avoids the risk of re-mixing that could cause the swirls generated by this suction.
  • the two collection openings formed respectively between the discs 28, 29 and 30, 31 must be separated to allow them to have substantially the same diameters.
  • the diameter of the inner edge of the portion 32f extending radially towards the center of said tubular enclosure 1 must be smaller than those of the discs 28 to 31.
  • the fixing of the dam 32 is obtained by pinching an annular portion 32d between the assembly flanges 1c, 1d.
  • This annular portion 32d is connected to the tubular dam itself by arms 32e ( Figure 5) which form between them openings for the passage of RBC to the circular collection opening formed between the discs 28 and 29.
  • the diameter of the side wall of the closure member 1f of the tubular enclosure 1 is smaller than that of the side wall of the tubular enclosure proper 1e, because the tubular barrier 32 is entirely housed in the 1e part of this chamber 1. Thus reduces the volume of RBC immobilized in the centrifuge chamber 1.
  • the role of the conical portion 1g (FIG. 3) of the tubular enclosure 1 is to locally reduce the thickness of the liquid flow to be centrifuged by accelerating its flow rate. Thanks to this frustoconical zone 1g where the thickness of the liquid layer is very small, its thickness being close to the size of the leucocytes which often have difficulty emerging from the layer of red blood cells because of their density very close of their size substantially larger than that of red blood cells and viscosity of these, no longer have to go through a relatively large thickness of red blood cells, so that when the thickness of the liquid layer increases once the liquid in the cylindrical tubular zone, under the effect of the centrifugal force which exerts itself on the axial tubular flow of liquid, the leucocytes remain at the interface which forms between the RBCs and the PRP.
  • This conical portion 1g also has the effect of ejecting the platelets of the red blood cells during concentration, which increases the platelet yield of the PRP.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the bottom shape of the tubular centrifugal enclosure 1.
  • the bottom of this enclosure 1 ' is connected to the conical portion 1'g by a rounded annular surface 1'h.
  • the role of this surface 1'h is to reduce the transition between the radial flow of the liquid and its axial flow, so as to reduce the risk of hemolysis.
  • the rounded surface 1'h could have a sufficiently large radius to allow to replace the conical surface 1g since this rounded surface 1'h would achieve the same goal, namely the acceleration of flow and the localized thinning of the thickness of the layer.
  • the thinning of the layer of liquid flow intended to prevent the leukocytes to be trapped under the RBC layer requires a sufficiently precise guidance of the centrifuge chamber, as allowed by the design of the embodiments of the enclosure described above and its variant. Indeed, if the accuracy of this axial guidance of the chamber was less than the thickness of the thinned liquid layer to a thickness close to the size of the leucocytes, the decentration of the centrifuge chamber would then not allow obtain a continuous thinned annular or tubular liquid flow layer.

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Abstract

The particles are brought on the surface of the liquid phase, where the density is higher and nearer to the centrifugation axis. The dead volume of capacity is equal to the volume of the particles, where the size of the particles is less than 1% volume. The phase having weak density during evacuation. The process further comprises evacuating the liquid phase with high density. An independent claim is included for a disposable device using the above process.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé pour la séparation par centrifugation d'un liquide physiologique et à un dispositif jetable pour la séparation par centrifugation de ce liquide physiologique, notamment du sang, comprenant une enceinte de centrifugation circulaire montée en rotation autour de son axe de révolution, un canal d'entrée pour le sang à centrifuger dont l'ouverture de distribution se situe à proximité du fond de ladite enceinte de centrifugation, un passage de sortie pour au moins un des constituants séparés dudit liquide présentant la masse volumique la plus faible, dont l'ouverture de collection se situe à proximité de l'extrémité de ladite enceinte opposée audit fond, ledit liquide formant un écoulement sensiblement tubulaire axial contre la paroi latérale circulaire de ladite enceinte entre lesdites ouvertures de distribution et de collection, laquelle se trouve dans une zone de concentration dudit constituant séparé pour le retirer en continu.The present invention relates to a method for the centrifugal separation of a physiological liquid and to a disposable device for the centrifugal separation of this physiological liquid, in particular blood, comprising a circular centrifuge chamber rotatably mounted about its axis. of revolution, an inlet channel for the centrifugal blood whose distribution opening is located near the bottom of said centrifuge chamber, an outlet passage for at least one of the separated constituents of said liquid having the highest density. low, whose collection opening is located near the end of said chamber opposite said bottom, said liquid forming a substantially axial tubular flow against the circular side wall of said enclosure between said distribution and collection openings, which is finds in a concentration zone of said separate constituent to remove it continuously.

Lors de la séparation du sang, on obtient essentiellement le plasma riche en plaquettes (PRP) et les globules rouges concentrée (RBC). Les leucocytes constituent une très faible proportion du sang complet, de l'ordre de 0,3% en volume contre 40% pour les RBC. Leur taille peut être importante, de l'ordre de 12 µm, par rapport à celle des globules rouges qui est de l'ordre de 7 µm, mais leur masse volumique ρ l = 1,08 est très peu inférieure à celle des globules rouges ρ RBC = 1,095, en sorte qu'en sédimentation dynamique, leur vitesse de sédimentation est plus élevée que celle des RBC. De ce fait, dès le début de la centrifugation, elles sont précipitée rapidement vers la paroi de centrifugation de l'enceinte de centrifugation. Compte tenu de la viscosité des RBC, de leur proportion et de la faible différence des masses volumiques respectives des leucocytes et des RBC, les leucocytes ont beaucoup de peine pour revenir à la surface de la couche de RBC au cours de la séparation des composants du sang par centrifugation, étant donné que les leucocytes restent le plus souvent prisonnières sous la couche de globules rouges.When separating blood, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and concentrated red blood cells (RBC) are predominantly obtained. Leucocytes constitute a very small proportion of whole blood, of the order of 0.3% by volume against 40% for RBC. Their size may be large, of the order of 12 microns, compared to that of red blood cells which is of the order of 7 microns, but their density ρ l = 1.08 is very little less than that of red blood cells ρ RBC = 1.095, so that in dynamic sedimentation, their sedimentation rate is higher than that of RBCs. As a result, from the beginning of the centrifugation, they are precipitated rapidly towards the centrifugation wall of the centrifuge chamber. Given the viscosity of RBCs, their proportion and the small difference in the respective densities of leukocytes and RBCs, leukocytes have great difficulty in returning to the surface of the RBC layer during the separation of RBC components. blood by centrifugation, since leukocytes remain most often trapped under the red blood cell layer.

C'est la raison pour laquelle, compte tenu de leur grande taille, les leucocytes sont séparées par filtration des RBC et du PRP après séparation de ces composants par centrifugation. Cette opération supplémentaire augmente donc le coût de l'opération de séparation du sang, le coût du dispositif jetable, ainsi que la perte de RBC dans le filtre à leucocytes.This is why, because of their large size, the leucocytes are separated by filtration of RBC and PRP after separation of these components by centrifugation. This additional operation therefore increases the cost of the blood separation operation, the cost of the disposable device, as well as the loss of RBC in the leukocyte filter.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier, au moins partiellement à ces inconvénients.The object of the present invention is to remedy, at least partially, these disadvantages.

A cet effet, la présente invention a tout d'abord pour objet un procédé de séparation par centrifugation d'un volume déterminé d'un liquide physiologique, notamment du sang, selon la revendication 1. Elle a aussi pour objet un dispositif jetable pour la séparation par centrifugation d'un liquide physiologique, notamment du sang selon la revendication 3.For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is firstly a centrifugal separation method for a determined volume of a physiological liquid, especially blood, according to claim 1. It also relates to a disposable device for the centrifugal separation of a physiological fluid, especially blood according to claim 3.

Le procédé et le dispositif selon la présente invention apportent une simplification importante des opérations de séparation de liquides physiologiques, notamment du sang en permettant d'effectuer la déleucocytation des composants séparés au cours de l'opération de séparation par centrifugation du liquide.The method and the device according to the present invention provide an important simplification of the operations for separating physiological liquids, in particular blood, by making it possible to carry out the deleucocytation of the separated components during the liquid centrifugation separation operation.

Avantageusement, les conduits d'alimentation et de sortie des composants séparés du dispositif selon l'invention sont fixes et les deux composants principaux RBC et PRP sortent du dispositif en continu.Advantageously, the supply and outlet ducts of the components separated from the device according to the invention are fixed and the two main components RBC and PRP leave the device continuously.

De préférence, la face interne de la paroi latérale de l'enceinte de centrifugation comporte un segment annulaire s'évasant dans le sens de l'écoulement axial dudit liquide pour provoquer une accélération locale de cet écoulement et une réduction correspondante de l'épaisseur de la couche dudit liquide. Cette zone d'accélération de l'écoulement, provoquant une réduction d'épaisseur, a pour but de permettre aux leucocytes de masse volumique très légèrement inférieure à celle des globules rouges, mais de taille sensiblement supérieure de se dégager de la masse de globules rouges, en sorte qu'après la zone de séparation, lorsque la vitesse d'écoulement diminue et que la couche de liquide augmente, les leucocytes se retrouvent à l'interface entre les globules rouges et le PRP. En outre, cette zone d'accélération permet aussi d'éjecter les plaquettes des globules rouges en cours de concentration, augmentant de ce fait, le rendement plaquettaire du PRP.Preferably, the inner face of the side wall of the centrifuge chamber comprises an annular segment flaring in the direction of the axial flow of said liquid to cause a local acceleration of this flow and a corresponding reduction in the thickness of the the layer of said liquid. This zone of acceleration of the flow, causing a reduction in thickness, is intended to allow leukocytes with a density slightly lower than that of red blood cells, but of a substantially larger size to be released from the mass of red blood cells. so that after the separation zone, when the flow velocity decreases and the liquid layer increases, the leucocytes are found at the interface between the red blood cells and the PRP. In addition, this acceleration zone also makes it possible to eject the platelets from the red blood cells during concentration, thereby increasing the platelet yield of the PRP.

Les dessins annexés illustrent, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, une forme d'exécution du procédé de séparation par centrifugation et du dispositif jetable pour la séparation d'un liquide physiologique, notamment du sang, objets de la présente invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en élévation de face d'un séparateur centrifuge utilisant ce dispositif jetable pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective partielle de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale du dispositif jetable des figures 1 et 2;
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle, agrandie, de la figure 3;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un élément du dispositif des figures 1 et 2;
  • la figure 6 est une vue partielle, en coupe axiale, d'une variante du dispositif jetable selon la figure 3.
The accompanying drawings illustrate, schematically and by way of example, one embodiment of the centrifugal separation process and the disposable device for the separation of a physiological fluid, especially blood, which are the subject of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a centrifugal separator using this disposable device for carrying out this method;
  • Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of the disposable device of Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged partial view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of an element of the device of Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial view, in axial section, of a variant of the disposable device according to FIG.

Le boîtier du séparateur centrifuge destiné à utiliser le dispositif selon la présente invention et illustré schématiquement par la figure 1 comporte deux enceintes allongées de centrifugation 1, 2 de forme tubulaire. La première enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1, objet de la présente invention, comporte un conduit d'alimentation 3 qui est connecté à un élément axial fixe 4 d'entrée et de sortie de l'enceinte de centrifugation 1. Ce conduit d'alimentation 3 est relié à un dispositif de pompage 5 qui comporte deux pompes 6 et 7 déphasées de 180° l'une par rapport à l'autre pour assurer un débit continu d'un liquide physiologique, notamment de sang. Un détecteur d'air 10 est disposé le long du conduit d'alimentation 3.The housing of the centrifugal separator intended to use the device according to the present invention and illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 comprises two elongate centrifugation enclosures 1, 2 of tubular form. The first centrifugal tubular chamber 1, which is the subject of the present invention, comprises a supply duct 3 which is connected to a fixed axial input and output element 4 of the centrifuge chamber 1. This supply duct 3 is connected to a pumping device 5 which comprises two pumps 6 and 7 phase shifted by 180 ° relative to each other to ensure a continuous flow of a physiological fluid, especially blood. An air detector 10 is arranged along the supply duct 3.

Deux conduits de sortie 8, 9 sont connectés à l'élément axial fixe 4, pour permettre la sortie en continu de deux constituants de densités différentes du liquide physiologique. Dans le cas du sang, le conduit de sortie 8 est destiné à la sortie des globules rouges concentrées RBC et le conduit 9 à la sortie du plasma riche en plaquettes PRP. Ce conduit de sortie 9 comporte une valve 11 et se divise en deux branches 9a, 9b. La branche 9a sert à récupérer le concentré plaquettaire et est contrôlée par une valve 12. Les valves 11 et 12 fonctionnent en logique OU exclusif soit pour faire passer le PRP de l'enceinte 1 à l'enceinte 2, soit pour vider le concentré plaquettaire de l'enceinte 2 vers la sortie 9a. La branche 9b sert à conduire le PRP vers un dispositif de pompage 13 comportant deux pompes 14 et 15 déphasées de 180° et servant à assurer l'alimentation continue de la seconde enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 2 par un conduit d'alimentation 16 connecté à un élément axial fixe 17 de la seconde enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 2. Un conduit de sortie 24 pour le plasma pauvre en plaquettes PPP est aussi connecté à l'élément axial fixe 17.Two outlet ducts 8, 9 are connected to the fixed axial element 4, to allow the continuous output of two components of different densities of the physiological fluid. In the case of blood, the outlet duct 8 is intended for the outlet of the RBC concentrated red blood cells and the duct 9 for the outlet of the platelet rich PRP plasma. This outlet duct 9 comprises a valve 11 and divides into two branches 9a, 9b. The branch 9a is used to recover the platelet concentrate and is controlled by a valve 12. The valves 11 and 12 operate in exclusive OR logic either to pass the PRP from the chamber 1 to the chamber 2, or to empty the platelet concentrate from enclosure 2 to exit 9a. The branch 9b serves to drive the PRP to a pumping device 13 comprising two pumps 14 and 15 phase-shifted by 180 ° and serving to ensure the continuous supply of the second tubular centrifuge chamber 2 by a supply duct 16 connected to a fixed axial element 17 of the second centrifugal tubular chamber 2. An outlet duct 24 for the platelet poor plasma PPP is also connected to the fixed axial element 17.

La figure 2 représente le mode d'entraînement et de guidage de l'enceinte sensiblement tubulaire de centrifugation 1. L'ensemble des éléments d'entraînement et de guidage de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation est situé sur un même support 18 relié au boîtier du séparateur centrifuge par une suspension anti-vibrations 19 de type silentbloc. Le support 18 présente une paroi verticale dont l'extrémité inférieure se termine par un bras horizontal de support 18a auquel est fixé un moteur d'entraînement 20. L'axe d'entraînement 20a de ce moteur 20 présente une forme polygonale, tel qu'un profil Torx®, complémentaire d'un évidemment axial ménagé dans un petit élément tubulaire la qui fait saillie sous le fond de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1. L'accouplement entre l'arbre d'entraînement du moteur 20 et l'élément tubulaire 1a doit être réalisé avec une très grande précision, pour assurer un guidage extrêmement précis de cette extrémité de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1.FIG. 2 represents the driving and guiding mode of the substantially tubular centrifugation enclosure 1. The assembly of the driving and guiding elements of the centrifugal tubular enclosure is located on the same support 18 connected to the housing centrifugal separator by an anti-vibration suspension 19 of silentbloc type. The support 18 has a vertical wall whose lower end terminates in a horizontal support arm 18a to which is attached a drive motor 20. The drive shaft 20a of this motor 20 has a polygonal shape, such as a Torx® profile, complementary to an axial recess formed in a small tubular element la which projects under the bottom of the tubular centrifugal chamber 1. The coupling between the drive shaft of the motor 20 and the element tubular 1a must be made with very high precision, to ensure extremely precise guidance of this end of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1.

L'extrémité supérieure de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 comporte un élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b de diamètre sensiblement plus faible que celui de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1, qui fait saillie sur sa face supérieure. La face cylindrique de cet élément 1b est destinée à venir en prise avec trois galets de centrage 21. Un de ces galets 21 est solidaire d'un bras 22 dont une extrémité est montée pivotante sur une partie horizontale supérieure du support 18. Ce bras 22 est soumis à la force d'un ressort (non représenté) ou tout autre moyen approprié, destiné à lui communiquer un couple tendant à le faire tourner dans le sens des aiguilles de la montre, en sorte qu'il appuie de manière élastique contre la surface cylindrique de l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b. De ce fait, l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation peut être mise en place et enlevée du support 18 en faisant pivoter le bras 22 dans le sens contraire à celui des aiguilles de la montre. Un dispositif de verrouillage de la position angulaire du bras 22, correspondant à celle dans laquelle son galet 21 appuie contre la surface cylindrique de l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b, est prévu pour éviter d'avoir une précontrainte trop forte du ressort associé au bras 22.The upper end of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1 comprises a cylindrical axial guide member 1b of diameter substantially smaller than that of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1, which protrudes on its upper face. The cylindrical face of this element 1b is intended to engage with three centering rollers 21. One of these rollers 21 is integral with an arm 22, one end of which is pivotally mounted on an upper horizontal part of the support 18. This arm 22 is subjected to the force of a spring (not shown) or any other suitable means, intended to impart to it a torque tending to rotate it clockwise, so that it resiliently bears against the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical axial guide member 1b. As a result, the tubular centrifuge chamber can be put in place and removed from the support 18 by pivoting the arm 22 in the opposite direction to that of the hands of the watch. A device for locking the angular position of the arm 22, corresponding to that in which its roller 21 bears against the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical axial guide member 1b, is provided to avoid having too much prestressing of the spring associated with the arm 22.

La portée entre l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b et l'extrémité supérieure de l'enceinte tubulaire 1 sert, en coopération avec les galets de centrage 21, de butée axiale, empêchant le désaccouplement entre l'axe d'entraînement 20a du moteur 20 et l'évidemment axial de l'élément tubulaire 1a faisant saillie sous le fond le l'enceinte tubulaire 1.The span between the cylindrical axial guide element 1b and the upper end of the tubular enclosure 1 serves, in cooperation with the centering rollers 21, axial abutment, preventing uncoupling between the drive shaft 20a of the engine 20 and the axial recess of the tubular element 1a protruding under the bottom of the tubular enclosure 1.

Avantageusement, on pourrait aussi légèrement incliner les axes de rotation des galets de guidage 21 de quelques degrés angulaires, < 2° dans des plans respectifs tangents à un cercle coaxial à l'axe de rotation de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1, passant par les axes de rotation respectifs des trois galets, dans un sens choisi, en fonction du sens de rotation des galets, dans lequel ceux-ci induisent sur l'enceinte tubulaire 1 une force dirigée vers le bas.Advantageously, one could also slightly incline the axes of rotation of the guide rollers 21 by a few angular degrees, <2 ° in respective planes tangent to a circle coaxial with the axis of rotation of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1, passing through the respective axes of rotation of the three rollers, in a chosen direction, as a function of the direction of rotation of the rollers, in which these roll on the tubular enclosure 1 a force directed downwards.

Un élément élastique de centrage et de fixation 23 de l'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation est solidaire de la partie horizontale supérieure 18b du support 18. Cet élément 23 comporte deux branches élastiques symétriques, de formes semi-circulaires et qui se terminent chacune par une partie recourbée vers l'extérieur, destinée à transmettre à ces branches élastiques des forces permettant de les écarter l'une de l'autre, lors de l'introduction latérale de l'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie entre elles.An elastic element for centering and fixing 23 of the fixed axial input and output element 4 of the tubular centrifugation enclosure is integral with the upper horizontal portion 18b of the support 18. This element 23 comprises two symmetrical elastic branches, of semicircular shapes and which each end with a curved part to the outside, intended to transmit to these elastic branches forces to separate them from one another, during the lateral introduction of the fixed axial element 4 input and output between them.

Comme on peut le constater, tous les éléments de positionnement et de guidage des parties fixe et tournante de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 sont solidaires du support 18, en sorte que la précision est fonction de la précision du support 18 lui-même, qui peut être fabriqué avec des tolérances très faible, d'autant plus qu'il ne s'agit pas d'une pièce compliquée à fabriquer. Les autre facteurs qui contribuent à garantir une grande précision sont la distance axiale relativement grande, due à la forme tubulaire allongée de l'enceinte de centrifugation, entre le guidage inférieur et le guidage supérieur. Enfin, le fait de travailler sur une surface cylindrique de guidage 1b de petit diamètre permet de réduire, d'une part les erreurs dues au retrait de la matière plastique injectée dans laquelle les enceintes de centrifugation 1, 2 sont fabriquées, le retrait étant proportionnel à la dimension, contrairement à ce que l'on a dans le cas d'une pièce usinée et d'autre part les erreurs de mal rond.As can be seen, all the positioning and guiding elements of the fixed and rotating parts of the centrifugal tubular enclosure 1 are integral with the support 18, so that the accuracy is a function of the accuracy of the support 18 itself, which can be manufactured with very low tolerances, especially since it is not a complicated piece to manufacture. Other factors that contribute to ensuring high accuracy are the relatively large axial distance, due to the elongate tubular shape of the centrifuge enclosure, between the lower guide and the upper guide. Finally, the fact of working on a cylindrical guide surface 1b of small diameter makes it possible to reduce, on the one hand, the errors due to the withdrawal of the injected plastic material in which the centrifuge chambers 1, 2 are manufactured, the shrinkage being proportional to the dimension, contrary to what one has in the case of a machined part and on the other hand the errors of evil round.

Cette précision du guidage de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation permet de former des écoulements de très faible épaisseur sur la paroi latérale de cette enceinte de centrifugation 1. Ceci, permet donc d'avoir un faible volume de liquide séjournant dans l'enceinte, ce qui constitue un facteur apte à réduire le risque d'hémolyse et d'activation des plaquettes, ce risque étant certes fonction des forces appliquées, mais aussi du temps pendant lequel les composants du sang sont soumis à ces forces. C'est ainsi que l'on ne peut pas fixer un seuil de force, puisque pour une force donnée, le risque d'hémolyse peut être pratiquement nul pour une certaine durée, alors qu'il peut être beaucoup plus important avec la même force, mais pour une durée sensiblement plus longue.This precision of the guidance of the tubular centrifugation chamber makes it possible to form flows of very small thickness on the side wall of this centrifugation chamber 1. This, therefore, makes it possible to have a small volume of liquid staying in the chamber. which is a factor capable of reducing the risk of hemolysis and platelet activation, this risk being certainly a function of the forces applied, but also the time during which the blood components are subjected to these forces. This is how one can not set a force threshold, since for a given force, the risk of hemolysis can be practically nil for a certain duration, while it can be much more important with the same force, but for a significantly longer duration.

De préférence, l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 a un diamètre compris entre 10 et 50 mm, de préférence 30 mm et est entraînée à une vitesse de rotation comprise entre 5000 et 100'000 t/min, de sorte que la vitesse tangentielle à laquelle le liquide est soumis n'excède pas de préférence 26 m/s. La longueur axiale de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 est comprise avantageusement entre 40 et 200 mm, de préférence 90 mm. De tels paramètres permettent d'assurer un débit de liquide compris entre 20 et 400 ml/min (notamment pour la dialyse), de préférence 100 ml/min, correspondant à un temps de séjour du liquide de 0,5 à 60 s, de préférence 5 s dans l'enceinte tubulaire.Preferably, the tubular centrifuge chamber 1 has a diameter of between 10 and 50 mm, preferably 30 mm, and is driven at a rotation speed of between 5,000 and 100,000 rpm, so that the tangential velocity at which the liquid is subjected does not exceed preferably 26 m / s. The axial length of the centrifugal tubular chamber 1 is advantageously between 40 and 200 mm, preferably 90 mm. Such parameters make it possible to ensure a liquid flow rate of between 20 and 400 ml / min (especially for dialysis), preferably 100 ml / min, corresponding to a residence time of the liquid of 0.5 to 60 seconds, preferably 5 seconds in the tubular enclosure.

Nous allons examiner maintenant plus en détail la conception de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 destinée à être associée au séparateur centrifuge qui vient d'être décrit. On peut préciser ici que tout ce qui a été expliqué dans la description qui précède, en ce qui concerne les dimensions, l'entraînement, le positionnement et le guidage de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 s'applique également à l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 2. Par contre, cette dernière ne comportant qu'une sortie 24 pour le PPP, est intérieurement de conception plus simple que l'enceinte tubulaire 1.We will now examine in more detail the design of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1 intended to be associated with the centrifugal separator which has just been described. It may be specified here that all that has been explained in the foregoing description, as regards the dimensions, the drive, the positioning and the guidance of the centrifugal tubular enclosure 1 also applies to the tubular enclosure However, the latter having only one output 24 for the PPP, is internally simpler than the design of the tubular enclosure 1.

Comme illustré par la figure 4, l'enceinte tubulaire 1 est réalisée à partir de deux parties, l'enceinte tubulaire le proprement dite et un élément de fermeture 1f, qui se terminent toutes deux par des collerettes annulaires d'assemblage respectives 1c, 1d soudées l'une à l'autre. L'espace interne de la partie tubulaire 1e est délimité par la paroi essentiellement cylindrique de cette enceinte. A proximité du fond de l'enceinte tubulaire 1e, sa paroi latérale cylindrique présente un segment conique 1g (figure 3) dont le rôle sera expliqué par la suite.As illustrated in FIG. 4, the tubular enclosure 1 is made from two parts, the tubular enclosure itself and a closure element 1f, both of which terminate in respective annular assembly flanges 1c, 1d welded to each other. The internal space of the tubular portion 1e is delimited by the substantially cylindrical wall of this chamber. Near the bottom of the tubular enclosure 1e, its cylindrical side wall has a conical segment 1g (Figure 3) whose role will be explained later.

L'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie pénètre dans cette enceinte tubulaire 1 par une ouverture axiale ménagée au centre de l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b. L'étanchéité entre cette ouverture axiale solidaire de l'enceinte de centrifugation 1 et l'élément fixe axial 4 est réalisée par un joint tubulaire 25 dont un segment est fixé sur une portion cylindrique de cet élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie, tandis qu'un autre segment est introduit dans un espace annulaire 26 de l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b et prend appui sur une surface convexe de la paroi tubulaire 27 séparant l'ouverture axiale traversant l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b de l'espace annulaire 26. Cette étanchéité sert à préserver la stérilité du liquide contenu dans l'enceinte de centrifugation. Comme illustré sur cette figure 4, la partie du joint tubulaire 25 qui prend appui sur la paroi tubulaire 27 subit une légère déformation radiale pour assurer l'étanchéité.The axial fixed input and output element 4 enters this tubular enclosure 1 through an axial opening formed in the center of the cylindrical axial guide element 1b. The tightness between this axial opening integral with the centrifuge chamber 1 and the fixed axial element 4 is achieved by a tubular joint 25, a segment of which is fixed on a cylindrical portion of this axial fixed element 4 inlet and outlet , while another segment is introduced into an annular space 26 of the cylindrical axial guide element 1b and bears on a convex surface of the tubular wall 27 separating the axial opening through the cylindrical axial guide element 1b of the annular space 26. This seal serves to preserve the sterility of the liquid contained in the centrifuge chamber. As illustrated in this Figure 4, the portion of the tubular seal 25 which bears on the tubular wall 27 undergoes a slight radial deformation to ensure sealing.

On peut constater que le diamètre sur lequel frotte le joint tubulaire 25 est petit et est de préférence < 10 mm, en sorte que l'échauffement est limité à des valeurs acceptables. On peut aussi constater, d'après les dimensions possibles susmentionnées données pour l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1, que la distance axiale entre les moyens de centrage et de guidage supérieur 21 et inférieur 20a de cette enceinte 1, est supérieure à cinq fois le diamètre de l'élément cylindrique de guidage axial 1b. Compte tenu de la précision avec laquelle l'enceinte tubulaire 1 est guidée et la précision que peut atteindre le positionnement relatif de l'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie, le joint n'a pratiquement pas à compenser de défaut de concentricité de l'enceinte tubulaire 1 en rotation, comme c'est le cas des dispositifs connus de l'état de la technique travaillant en écoulement semi-continu. Ceci contribue également à réduire l'échauffement du joint tubulaire tournant 25 et permet donc d'augmenter la vitesse de rotation de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1.It can be seen that the diameter on which the tubular seal 25 rubs is small and is preferably <10 mm, so that the heating is limited to acceptable values. It can also be seen from the aforementioned possible dimensions given for the tubular centrifuge chamber 1, that the axial distance between the centering and upper guide means 21 and lower 20a of this chamber 1 is greater than five times the diameter of the cylindrical axial guide member 1b. Given the accuracy with which the tubular enclosure 1 is guided and the accuracy that can reach the relative positioning of the fixed axial input and output element 4, the seal has practically no need to compensate for a lack of concentricity. of the tubular enclosure 1 in rotation, as is the case of known devices of the state of the art working in semi-continuous flow. This also contributes to reducing the heating of the rotating tubular joint 25 and thus makes it possible to increase the rotational speed of the centrifugal tubular enclosure 1.

L'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie comporte une partie tubulaire 3a qui prolonge le conduit d'alimentation 3 connecté à cet élément fixe axial 4 jusqu'à proximité du fond de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1 pour y amener le sang ou un autre liquide physiologique à séparer.The fixed axial inlet and outlet element 4 comprises a tubular part 3a which extends the supply duct 3 connected to this axial fixed element 4 to the bottom of the centrifugal tubular enclosure 1 to bring the blood or other physiological fluid to be separated.

Les conduits de sortie 8 et 9 connectés à l'élément fixe axial 4 d'entré et de sortie comportent chacun un segment axial 8a, respectivement 9a qui pénètre dans l'enceinte tubulaire et débouche dans la partie de l'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie qui se situe au voisinage de l'extrémité supérieure de l'enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation 1. L'extrémité de collection de chacun de ces conduits de sortie 8a, 9a est formée par une fente circulaire. Chacune de ces fentes est ménagée entre deux disques 28, 29, respectivement 30, 31, solidaires de l'élément fixe axial 4 d'entrée et de sortie.The outlet ducts 8 and 9 connected to the fixed axial inlet and outlet element 4 each comprise an axial segment 8a, respectively 9a which penetrates into the tubular enclosure and opens into the part of the fixed axial element 4d. inlet and outlet which is in the vicinity of the upper end of the tubular centrifuge chamber 1. The collection end of each of these outlet ducts 8a, 9a is formed by a circular slot. Each of these slots is formed between two disks 28, 29, respectively 30, 31, integral with the fixed axial element 4 input and output.

Les diamètres de ces quatre disques 28 à 31 sont de préférence sensiblement identiques. Les ouvertures de collection circulaires ménagées entre les disques 28, 29, respectivement 30, 31 sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un barrage tubulaire 32, illustré séparément par la figure 5. Il comporte une paroi tubulaire 32a concentrique et parallèle à la paroi latérale de l'enceinte de centrifugation 1e. Comme on peut le constater en particulier sur la figure 4, l'écartement radial entre cette paroi tubulaire 32a et la paroi latérale de l'enceinte tubulaire 1e, ainsi que l'épaisseur de cette paroi tubulaire 32a sont choisies pour que cette paroi tubulaire 32a se trouve entièrement dans l'épaisseur formée par la phase L1 du liquide séparé par centrifugation présentant la masse volumique la plus élevée, correspondant aux RBC. L'extrémité de cette paroi tubulaire 32a la plus éloignée du fond de l'enceinte de centrifugation 1 présente une partie annulaire 32b se referme en direction de la partie fixe axiale 4, dans l'espace situé entre les disques 29 et 30.The diameters of these four discs 28 to 31 are preferably substantially identical. The circular collection openings formed between the discs 28, 29, respectively 30, 31 are separated from each other by a tubular barrier 32, shown separately in FIG. 5. It comprises a tubular wall 32a concentric and parallel to the side wall of the centrifuge chamber 1e. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 4, the radial spacing between this tubular wall 32a and the side wall of the tubular enclosure 1e, as well as the thickness of this tubular wall 32a are chosen so that this tubular wall 32a is entirely in the thickness formed by the L1 phase of the centrifugally separated liquid having the highest density, corresponding to RBC. The end of this tubular wall 32a farthest from the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 1 has an annular portion 32b closes in the direction of the axial fixed portion 4, in the space between the discs 29 and 30.

Cette partie annulaire 32b présente un rebord annulaire interne 32c qui s'étend en direction du fond de l'enceinte de centrifugation 1. Le diamètre de ce rebord annulaire 32c est choisi pour se situer dans l'épaisseur formée par la phase L2 du liquide séparé par centrifugation présentant la masse volumique la plus faible correspondant au PRP.This annular portion 32b has an inner annular flange 32c extending towards the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 1. The diameter of this annular flange 32c is chosen to be in the thickness formed by the L2 phase of the separated liquid by centrifugation having the lowest density corresponding to the PRP.

De ce fait, les leucocytes qui se trouvent au voisinage de l'interface des phases L1, L2 du liquide séparé par centrifugation n'ont qu'une possibilité, celle de se déposer au fond de l'espace annulaire de stockage ménagé entre la paroi tubulaire 32a du barrage 32 et le rebord annulaire interne 32c. Ces leucocytes L3 s'accumulent en repoussant au fur et à mesure les RBC vers l'extrémité ouverte du barrage 32. Le volume de l'espace annulaire ainsi ménagé entre la paroi tubulaire 32a et le rebord annulaire 32c est choisi pour contenir au moins le volume de leucocytes contenu dans un volume déterminé de sang à centrifuger, par exemple 450 ml, ce qui est la contenance habituelle du sang pris sur un donneur, ce volume étant évidemment légèrement variable d'un individu à un autre.As a result, the leucocytes which are in the vicinity of the interface of the phases L1, L2 of the centrifugally separated liquid have only one possibility, that of being deposited at the bottom of the annular storage space provided between the wall tubular 32a of the dam 32 and the inner annular flange 32c. These leucocytes L3 accumulate by progressively pushing the RBC towards the open end of the dam 32. The volume of the annular space thus formed between the tubular wall 32a and the annular rim 32c is chosen to contain at least the volume of leukocytes contained in a determined volume of blood to be centrifuged, for example 450 ml, which is the usual capacity of blood taken from a donor, this volume obviously being slightly variable from one individual to another.

Comme on peut le constater, la portion cylindrique formée par le rebord annulaire 32c se situe vis-à-vis de l'ouverture de collection circulaires ménagée entre les disques 30 et 31, isolant ainsi cette ouverture des phases de liquide autres que la phase L2 destinée à être aspirée par cette ouverture de collection circulaire. Ceci évite donc les risques de re-mélange que pourraient provoquer les remous engendrés par cette aspiration.As can be seen, the cylindrical portion formed by the annular rim 32c is located opposite the circular collection opening formed between the discs 30 and 31, thus isolating this opening of the liquid phases other than the L2 phase. intended to be sucked by this circular collection opening. This avoids the risk of re-mixing that could cause the swirls generated by this suction.

Les deux ouvertures de collection ménagées respectivement entre les disques 28, 29 et 30, 31 doivent être séparées pour leur permettre d'avoir sensiblement les mêmes diamètres. A cet effet, le diamètre du bord interne de la partie 32f s'étendant radialement vers le centre de ladite enceinte tubulaire 1 doit être inférieur à ceux des disques 28 à 31.The two collection openings formed respectively between the discs 28, 29 and 30, 31 must be separated to allow them to have substantially the same diameters. For this purpose, the diameter of the inner edge of the portion 32f extending radially towards the center of said tubular enclosure 1 must be smaller than those of the discs 28 to 31.

La fixation du barrage 32 est obtenue par pincement d'une partie annulaire 32d entre les collerettes d'assemblage 1c, 1d. Cette partie annulaire 32d est reliée au barrage tubulaire proprement dit par des bras 32e (figure 5) qui ménagent entre eux des ouvertures pour le passage des RBC vers l'ouverture de collection circulaire ménagée entre les disques 28 et 29.The fixing of the dam 32 is obtained by pinching an annular portion 32d between the assembly flanges 1c, 1d. This annular portion 32d is connected to the tubular dam itself by arms 32e (Figure 5) which form between them openings for the passage of RBC to the circular collection opening formed between the discs 28 and 29.

Comme on peut le constater, le diamètre de la paroi latérale de l'élément de fermeture 1f de l'enceinte tubulaire 1 est inférieur à celui de la paroi latérale de l'enceinte tubulaire proprement dite 1e, du fait que le barrage tubulaire 32 est tout entier logé dans la partie 1e de cette enceinte 1. De ce fait on réduit le volume de RBC immobilisé dans l'enceinte de centrifugation 1.As can be seen, the diameter of the side wall of the closure member 1f of the tubular enclosure 1 is smaller than that of the side wall of the tubular enclosure proper 1e, because the tubular barrier 32 is entirely housed in the 1e part of this chamber 1. Thus reduces the volume of RBC immobilized in the centrifuge chamber 1.

Le rôle de la partie conique 1g (figure 3) de l'enceinte tubulaire 1 est de réduire localement l'épaisseur de l'écoulement de liquide à centrifuger en accélérant son débit. Grâce à cette zone tronconique 1g où l'épaisseur de la couche de liquide est très faible, son épaisseur étant voisine de la taille des leucocytes qui ont souvent de la peine à émerger de la couche de globules rouges en raison de leur masse volumique très voisine de leur taille sensiblement plus grosse que celle des globules rouges et de la viscosité de ces dernières, n'ont plus à traverser une épaisseur relativement grande de globules rouges, en sorte que, lorsque l'épaisseur de la couche de liquide augmente une fois le liquide dans la zone tubulaire cylindrique, sous l'effet de la force centrifuge qui s'exerce sur l'écoulement tubulaire axial de liquide, les leucocytes restent à l'interface qui se forme entre les RBC et le PRP.The role of the conical portion 1g (FIG. 3) of the tubular enclosure 1 is to locally reduce the thickness of the liquid flow to be centrifuged by accelerating its flow rate. Thanks to this frustoconical zone 1g where the thickness of the liquid layer is very small, its thickness being close to the size of the leucocytes which often have difficulty emerging from the layer of red blood cells because of their density very close of their size substantially larger than that of red blood cells and viscosity of these, no longer have to go through a relatively large thickness of red blood cells, so that when the thickness of the liquid layer increases once the liquid in the cylindrical tubular zone, under the effect of the centrifugal force which exerts itself on the axial tubular flow of liquid, the leucocytes remain at the interface which forms between the RBCs and the PRP.

Cette partie conique 1g a aussi pour effet d'éjecter les plaquettes des globules rouges en cours de concentration, ce qui permet d'augmenter le rendement plaquettaire du PRP.This conical portion 1g also has the effect of ejecting the platelets of the red blood cells during concentration, which increases the platelet yield of the PRP.

Lorsque cet écoulement avance en direction des ouvertures de collection circulaires des conduits de sortie 8 et 9, entraîné par le PRP, l'interface entre les phases RBC et PRP pénètre à l'intérieur du barrage 32 où les leucocytes sont piégées dans la zone de stockage annulaire délimitée entre la paroi tubulaire 32a et le rebord annulaire 32c.As this flow advances towards the circular collection openings of the PRP-driven outlet ducts 8 and 9, the interface between the RBC and PRP phases enters the dam 32 where the leucocytes are trapped in the annular storage delimited between the tubular wall 32a and the annular flange 32c.

La figure 6 illustre une variante de la forme du fond de l'enceinte de centrifugation tubulaire 1. Le fond de cette enceinte 1' est relié à la partie conique 1'g par une surface annulaire arrondie 1'h. Le rôle de cette surface 1'h est de réduire la transition entre l'écoulement radial du liquide et son écoulement axial, de manière à diminuer les risques d'hémolyse. A la limite, dans le cas d'une enceinte de centrifugation de grand diamètre, comme c'est le cas de la majorité d'entre elles, la surface arrondie 1'h pourrait avoir un rayon suffisamment grand pour permettre de remplacer la surface conique 1'g étant donné que cette surface arrondie 1'h permettrait d'atteindre le même but, à savoir l'accélération du débit et l'amincissement localisé de l'épaisseur de la couche.FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the bottom shape of the tubular centrifugal enclosure 1. The bottom of this enclosure 1 'is connected to the conical portion 1'g by a rounded annular surface 1'h. The role of this surface 1'h is to reduce the transition between the radial flow of the liquid and its axial flow, so as to reduce the risk of hemolysis. At the limit, in the case of a centrifuge chamber of large diameter, as is the case of the majority of them, the rounded surface 1'h could have a sufficiently large radius to allow to replace the conical surface 1g since this rounded surface 1'h would achieve the same goal, namely the acceleration of flow and the localized thinning of the thickness of the layer.

Il est à relever que dans tous les cas, l'amincissement de la couche de l'écoulement de liquide destiné à empêcher les leucocytes d'être emprisonnées sous la couches de RBC nécessite un guidage suffisamment précis de l'enceinte de centrifugation, tel que le permet la conception de la formes d'exécution de l'enceinte décrite précédemment et sa variante. En effet, si la précision de ce guidage axial de l'enceinte était inférieure à l'épaisseur de la couche de liquide amincie à une épaisseur voisine de la taille des leucocytes, le décentrage de l'enceinte de centrifugation ne permettrait alors pas d'obtenir une couche d'écoulement de liquide annulaire ou tubulaire amincie continue.It should be noted that in all cases the thinning of the layer of liquid flow intended to prevent the leukocytes to be trapped under the RBC layer requires a sufficiently precise guidance of the centrifuge chamber, as allowed by the design of the embodiments of the enclosure described above and its variant. Indeed, if the accuracy of this axial guidance of the chamber was less than the thickness of the thinned liquid layer to a thickness close to the size of the leucocytes, the decentration of the centrifuge chamber would then not allow obtain a continuous thinned annular or tubular liquid flow layer.

Claims (15)

Procédé de séparation par centrifugation d'un volume déterminé d'un liquide physiologique, notamment du sang, caractérisé en ce que, au stade initial du processus de centrifugation, on forme un écoulement dudit liquide avec une épaisseur voisine de la taille des plus grosses particules contenues dans ce liquide dans une proportion < 1% en volume, on ralentit ensuite le débit de ce liquide pour en augmenter l'épaisseur et amener lesdites plus grosses particules à la surface de la phase (L1) dudit liquide dont la masse volumique est la plus élevée la plus proche de l'axe de centrifugation, on ménage au moins en partie à l'extérieur de cette surface, un volume mort de contenance sensiblement égale au volume desdites plus grosses particules et on évacue au moins ladite phase (L2) dont la masse volumique est la plus faible.Process for the centrifugal separation of a given volume of a physiological liquid, especially blood, characterized in that , in the initial stage of the centrifugation process, a flow of said liquid is formed with a thickness close to the size of the largest particles contained in this liquid in a proportion <1% by volume, it then slows the flow rate of this liquid to increase the thickness and bring said larger particles to the surface of the phase (L1) of said liquid whose density is the higher closest to the axis of centrifugation, is cleaned at least partly outside this surface, a dead volume of a capacity substantially equal to the volume of said larger particles and is removed at least said phase (L2) of which the density is the lowest. Procédé selon la revendication 1, selon lequel on évacue aussi la phase (L1) dudit liquide présentant la masse volumique la plus élevée.The method of claim 1 wherein the phase (L1) of said liquid having the highest density is also removed. Dispositif jetable pour la séparation par centrifugation d'un liquide physiologique, notamment du sang, comprenant une enceinte de centrifugation circulaire (1) montée en rotation autour de son axe de révolution, un canal d'entrée (3) pour le sang à centrifuger dont l'ouverture de distribution se situe à proximité du fond de ladite enceinte de centrifugation (1), un passage de sortie (8, 9) pour au moins un des constituants séparés (L2) dudit liquide présentant la masse volumique la plus faible, dont l'ouverture de collection (30, 31) se situe à proximité de l'extrémité de ladite enceinte (1) opposée audit fond, ledit liquide formant un écoulement axial sensiblement tubulaire contre la paroi latérale circulaire de ladite enceinte (1) entre lesdites ouvertures de distribution et de collection, laquelle se trouve dans une zone de concentration dudit constituant séparé pour le retirer en continu, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte (1) comporte un barrage tubulaire (32a), concentrique et parallèle à sa paroi latérale d'écoulement, la distance radiale séparant ce barrage tubulaire (32a) de ladite paroi latérale et l'épaisseur de la paroi tubulaire de ce barrage (32a) étant choisies pour que sa paroi tubulaire se situe toute entière dans l'épaisseur de la couche dudit liquide formée par sa phase (L1) présentant la masse volumique la plus élevée, l'extrémité dudit barrage tubulaire (32a) la plus éloignée du fond de ladite enceinte présentant une partie s'étendant radialement vers le centre de ladite enceinte tubulaire (1) et conformée pour ménager, à l'intérieur dudit barrage tubulaire (32a), une zone annulaire de stockage d'une phase (L3) dudit liquide de masse volumique intermédiaire, adjacente à sa paroi tubulaire.Disposable device for the centrifugal separation of a physiological liquid, in particular blood, comprising a circular centrifuge chamber (1) rotatably mounted about its axis of revolution, an inlet channel (3) for the centrifuge blood of which the dispensing opening is located near the bottom of said centrifuge chamber (1), an outlet passage (8, 9) for at least one of the separated constituents (L2) of said liquid having the lowest density, of which the collection opening (30, 31) is located near the end of said chamber (1) opposite said bottom, said liquid forming a substantially tubular axial flow against the circular side wall of said chamber (1) between said distribution and collection openings, which is located in a concentration zone of said separate constituent for continuous removal, characterized in that said enclosure (1) comprises a tubular barrier (32a), concentric and parallel to its side wall; flow, the radial distance separating this tubular barrier (32a) from said lateral wall and the thickness of the tubular wall of this dam (32a) being chosen so that its tubular wall lies entirely in the thickness of the layer of said liquid formed by its phase (L1) having the highest density, the end of said tubular barrier (32a) farthest from the bottom of said enclosure having a portion extending radially towards the center of said tubular enclosure (1) and shaped to provide, within said tubular dam (32a), an annular zone for storing a phase (L3) of said intermediate density liquid, adjacent to its tubular king. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la limite interne de ladite zone annulaire de stockage présente un rebord circulaire (32c) qui se situe dans l'épaisseur de la couche dudit liquide formée par sa phase (L2) présentant la masse volumique la plus faible.Device according to claim 3, wherein the inner limit of said annular storage zone has a circular rim (32c) which lies in the thickness of the layer of said liquid formed by its phase (L2) having the lowest density. . Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite enceinte de centrifugation (1) est de forme tubulaire allongée.Device according to claim 3, wherein said centrifuge chamber (1) is of elongate tubular shape. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, comprenant un élément axial fixe (4) d'entrée et de sortie autour de l'axe duquel ladite enceinte de centrifugation (1) en matière plastique est montée en rotation, un joint tournant (25) entre ledit élément axial fixe (4) et ladite enceinte de centrifugation (1) ledit élément axial fixe d'entrée et de sortie (4) comportant un second passage de sortie (8) pour au moins un second des constituants séparés, dont l'ouverture de collection se situe à proximité de l'extrémité de ladite enceinte (1) opposée audit fond et dans une zone de concentration dudit second constituant séparé présentant la masse volumique la plus élevée pour le retirer en continu.Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, comprising a fixed axial element (4) input and output about the axis of which said centrifugal chamber (1) of plastic material is rotatably mounted, a rotary joint ( 25) between said fixed axial element (4) and said centrifugal chamber (1), said fixed input and output axial element (4) having a second outlet passage (8) for at least one second of the separated constituents, of which the collection opening is located near the end of said chamber (1) opposite said bottom and in a concentration zone of said second separate component having the highest density to remove it continuously. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, dans lequel le volume de ladite zone annulaire de stockage (L3) est conformée pour le stockage des leucocytes contenues dans un volume déterminé de sang.Device according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the volume of said annular storage area (L3) is shaped for storing leukocytes contained in a determined volume of blood. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, dans lequel la face interne de la paroi latérale de ladite enceinte (1) comporte un segment annulaire (1g) s'évasant dans le sens de l'écoulement axial dudit liquide pour provoquer une accélération locale de cet écoulement et une réduction correspondante de l'épaisseur de la couche dudit liquide.Device according to one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the inner face of the side wall of said enclosure (1) comprises an annular segment (1g) flaring in the direction of the axial flow of said liquid to cause acceleration this flow and a corresponding reduction in the thickness of the layer of said liquid. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ledit segment annulaire (1g) s'évasant dans le sens de l'écoulement axial dudit liquide se situe au voisinage du fond de ladite enceinte.Device according to claim 8, wherein said annular segment (1g) flaring in the direction of axial flow of said liquid is in the vicinity of the bottom of said enclosure. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'extrémité de ladite enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation (1) opposée à son fond comporte un resserrement cylindrique (1b) à travers lequel passe ledit élément axial fixe (4) et dans lequel ledit joint tournant (25) est disposé.Device according to claim 6, wherein the end of said centrifugal tubular enclosure (1) opposite its bottom comprises a cylindrical tightening (1b) through which said fixed axial element (4) passes and in which said rotary joint (25) ) is arranged. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la surface externe dudit resserrement cylindrique (1b) est destinée à venir en prise avec des premiers moyens de guidage dudit réceptacle, le fond de ladite enceinte tubulaire de centrifugation (1) présentant des moyens (1a) pour venir en prise avec des seconds moyens de guidage, d'appui et d'entraînement de cette enceinte tubulaire (1).Device according to claim 10, wherein the outer surface of said cylindrical tightening (1b) is intended to engage with first means for guiding said receptacle, the bottom of said centrifugal tubular enclosure (1) having means (1a) for engage with second means for guiding, supporting and driving this tubular enclosure (1). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 à 11, dans lequel ledit conduit fixe de sortie (9) dont l'ouverture de collection (30, 31) se situe dans la zone de concentration d'au moins un des constituants séparés (L2) présentant la masse volumique la plus faible est relié à une seconde enceinte de centrifugation (2).Device according to one of claims 3 to 11, wherein said fixed outlet duct (9) whose collection opening (30, 31) is in the concentration zone of at least one of the separated constituents (L2) having the lowest density is connected to a second centrifuge chamber (2). Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les ouvertures de collection (28, 29; 30, 31) desdits passages de sortie (8, 9) sont deux ouvertures circulaires de mêmes diamètres, le diamètre du bord interne (32f) de ladite partie dudit barrage s'étendant radialement vers le centre de ladite enceinte tubulaire (1) étant inférieur à ceux desdites ouvertures de collection (28, 28; 30, 31).Device according to claim 6, wherein the collection openings (28, 29; 30, 31) of said outlet passages (8, 9) are two circular openings of the same diameter, the diameter of the inner edge (32f) of said part of said dam extending radially towards the center of said tubular enclosure (1) being smaller than those of said collection openings (28, 28; 30, 31). Dispositif selon les revendications 4 et 6, dans lequel ledit rebord circulaire (32c) qui constitue la limite interne de ladite zone annulaire de stockage se situe en face de l'ouverture de collection (28, 29) du passage de sortie (8) de la phase (L2) dudit liquide présentant la masse volumique la plus faible.Device according to claims 4 and 6, wherein said circular rim (32c) which constitutes the inner limit of said annular storage area is opposite the collection opening (28, 29) of the outlet passage (8) of the phase (L2) of said liquid having the lowest density. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le fond de ladite enceinte (1') est relié à sa paroi latérale de centrifugation par une surface annulaire arrondie (1'h).Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bottom of said enclosure (1 ') is connected to its centrifugal side wall by a rounded annular surface (1'h).
EP05405052A 2005-02-03 2005-02-03 Method and disposable device for centrifugal separation of a physiologic liquid Withdrawn EP1688183A1 (en)

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EP05405052A EP1688183A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2005-02-03 Method and disposable device for centrifugal separation of a physiologic liquid
JP2007553434A JP2008528213A (en) 2005-02-03 2006-02-01 Method and disposable device for separation of blood by centrifugation
CA002596450A CA2596450A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2006-02-01 Method and disposable device for blood centrifugal separation
US11/815,419 US20080128367A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2006-02-01 Method and Disposable Device For Blood Centrifugal Separation
AU2006209864A AU2006209864A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2006-02-01 Method and disposable device for blood centrifugal separation
PCT/CH2006/000061 WO2006081699A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2006-02-01 Method and disposable device for blood centrifugal separation
EP06701051A EP1846167A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2006-02-01 Method and disposable device for centrifugal separation of a physiologic liquid

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