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EP1675744A2 - Power supply system for an electric motor vehicle with two batteries - Google Patents

Power supply system for an electric motor vehicle with two batteries

Info

Publication number
EP1675744A2
EP1675744A2 EP04805260A EP04805260A EP1675744A2 EP 1675744 A2 EP1675744 A2 EP 1675744A2 EP 04805260 A EP04805260 A EP 04805260A EP 04805260 A EP04805260 A EP 04805260A EP 1675744 A2 EP1675744 A2 EP 1675744A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
motor
supply
energy
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04805260A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Queveau
Patrick Largeau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mia Electric SAS
Original Assignee
Groupe Henri Heuliez
Mia Electric SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Groupe Henri Heuliez, Mia Electric SAS filed Critical Groupe Henri Heuliez
Publication of EP1675744A2 publication Critical patent/EP1675744A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power supply system for an electric motor vehicle, a method for controlling such a power system and an electric motor vehicle comprising the electric power system.
  • Lithium-ion type batteries are capable of supplying very large currents without significantly degrading their performance.
  • Document US-A-5796175 discloses an electrical power supply system for an electrically powered motor vehicle, said vehicle comprising an electric motor, a device for transmitting energy between the drive wheels and the engine and accessories.
  • electric in particular an air conditioning device, said system comprising a first rechargeable battery intended to supply the electric motor and a second rechargeable battery intended to supply the electrical accessories of the vehicle.
  • the invention aims to optimize the electrical supply necessary for all of the vehicle's functions by proposing a system in which the supply of the electric motor of a motor vehicle is carried out by a first battery and the supply of accessories and in particular of the air conditioning system is achieved by a second battery.
  • the invention provides a power supply system for a motor vehicle with electric motorization, said vehicle comprising an electric motor, a device for transmitting energy between the drive wheels and the engine. and electrical accessories, in particular an air conditioning device, said system comprising a first rechargeable battery intended to supply the electric motor and a second rechargeable battery intended to supply the electrical accessories of the vehicle, the first and second batteries being connected in parallel to said engine by means of a switching device, said device being arranged to switch the motor supply current between the batteries as a function of at least one energy threshold.
  • the first battery can be relayed by the second battery to supply the engine, in particular when the first battery is discharged or under special driving conditions.
  • the invention provides a method for controlling an electrical power supply system of a motor vehicle with electric motorization as described above, said method providing:
  • control method also provides:
  • control method further provides that, in the event of deceleration, the switching device is activated so as to supply a recharging current essentially to the first battery by transmission of energy between the wheels and the motor.
  • the invention provides an electric motor vehicle comprising electrical accessories, comprising an electrical supply system as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the energy flows between the different elements when charging an electric power supply system of an electric vehicle according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the energy flows in a power supply system according to the invention, the electrical accessories being powered by the second battery;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the energy flows in a power supply system according to the invention, the engine being powered by the first battery;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the energy flows in an electrical power system according to the invention, the engine being powered by the second battery;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flows during the transmission of energy between the wheels and the motor in the deceleration phase of an electrical supply system according to the invention.
  • FIGs 1 to 5 there is shown a power system 1 for the drive wheels 2 of a motor vehicle with electric motorization.
  • This train can be the front axle or the rear axle of a motor vehicle. In in other embodiments, the front and rear axles carry the driving wheels 2.
  • the electric motor vehicle comprises an electric motor 3 and a device for transmitting energy, not shown, between the driving wheels 2 and the motor 3.
  • the electric vehicle further comprises electric accessories 4 such as for example air conditioning devices , heating, steering and braking assistance and recharging of the 12V service battery.
  • the system 1 comprises in parallel a first rechargeable battery 5 intended to supply the electric motor 3 and a second rechargeable battery 6 intended to supply the electrical accessories 4 of the vehicle.
  • the first battery 5 is a battery of the Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type.
  • This type of battery is capable of supplying the current necessary for the motor, including in phases requiring high powers such as when accelerating or driving at high constant speed. Indeed, thanks to the high discharge capacity of a Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type battery, the high currents received by the motor give it sufficient power. By choosing judiciously the maximum power of the battery, one avoids the Ragone effect, that is to say the reduction of the available energy according to the supplied power, while preserving the lifespan of drums.
  • the first battery 5 is capable of supplying a power of the order of 40 kW when traveling at constant speed and of the order of 55 kW during the acceleration phases.
  • the second battery 6 is a lithium-metal-polymer type battery. In a particular example, the second battery 6 is capable of providing a power of the order of 15 kW.
  • FIG. 1 the charge of the batteries 5 and 6 is shown.
  • the batteries can be connected to an electrical terminal or to a mains socket 8 for slow charging represented by the arrows 9.
  • the first battery 5 of the Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type is capable of receiving high charge currents of the order of C / 1 or 2C, where C is the battery capacity.
  • a rapid charge, represented by the arrow 10, by means of an external power charger 11 can therefore be carried out on the first battery 5.
  • This charger 11 can for example be in the form of a terminal.
  • FIG. 2 represents the supply system 1 in which the second battery 6 transmits energy, arrow 12, to the electrical accessories 4 of the vehicle.
  • the first 5 and second 6 batteries are connected to the motor 3 via a switching device not shown. This device is arranged to switch the supply current of the motor 3 between the batteries 5, 6 as a function of at least one energy threshold.
  • the switching device comprises means for measuring the energy supplied by the first battery, electronic means for storing energy thresholds and electronic means for comparing the energy supplied with said energy thresholds. .
  • FIG. 3 the system 1 is shown in so-called "normal" operation.
  • the arrow 13 represents the energy supplied by the first battery 5 to the electric motor 3 for its supply.
  • the motor 3 then transmits the power, arrow 14, to drive the drive wheels 2, via the transmission device.
  • This operating mode is provided when the energy delivered by the first battery 5 is greater than a discharge energy threshold.
  • This discharge energy threshold of the first battery 5 is a predetermined value for which the energy supplied by the battery is not sufficient for the engine to have the power necessary to move the vehicle.
  • the system 1 When the energy delivered by the first battery 5 is strictly below the discharge energy threshold, the system 1 operates in range extender mode. The switching device is then activated so as to supply the motor 3 by the second battery 6 and, via the transmission device, to drive the wheels 2.
  • the arrows 15, 16 of FIG. 4 represent the flows of energy respectively between the second battery and the engine and between the engine and the drive wheels.
  • the motor 3 when the energy required for the motor 3 is greater than a low energy threshold, the motor 3 is supplied with power by the first battery 5 so, through the transmission device, to drive the driving wheels 2.
  • the low energy threshold of the order of a few kilowatts, is reached for low speeds less than about 20 km / h. Therefore, the use of the second battery 6 in phases where the currents necessary for the motor 3 are not too large, the volume, the capacity and therefore the cost of the first battery 5 of the Lithium-ion or Lithium- type. ion-polymer may be limited.
  • the second battery 6 being used only in phases where the power demanded ranges from a few kilowatt to 15 kW in energy extension mode, its discharge does not exceed C / 1, where C is the battery capacity, which avoids the Ragone effect.
  • FIG 5 a mode of energy recovery due to the rotation of the wheels 2 is shown.
  • the rotation of the wheels 2 allows the motor 3 to store energy, arrow 17, by means of the transmission device.
  • the switching device is then activated so as to distribute the charging currents. These currents are routed either totally, arrow 18, towards the first battery 5 which accepts large charge currents, or partially. In the latter case, the switching device switches a sufficiently small part of the charging currents, arrow 19, to the second battery 6 so as not to damage it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply system (1), for an electrically-driven motor vehicle, said vehicle comprising an electric motor (3), a device for transmission of energy between the drive wheels (2) and the motor (3), said vehicle also comprising electrical equipment (4), in particular an air conditioning device. Said system (1) includes a first rechargeable battery (5), for supplying the electric motor (3) and a second rechargeable battery (6), for supplying the electrical equipment (4) of the vehicle, said batteries being connected in parallel to the motor. The invention also relates to a control method for such a system and an electric vehicle provided with said system.

Description

L'invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique, un procédé de commande d'un tel système d'alimentation ainsi qu'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique comprenant le système d'alimentation électrique.The invention relates to a power supply system for an electric motor vehicle, a method for controlling such a power system and an electric motor vehicle comprising the electric power system.
Pour approcher le confort et les performances routières des véhicules automobiles à moteur à explosion, en termes de vitesse, d'accélération et d'autonomie, il est connu d'équiper les véhicules électriques de batterie de type Lithium-métal-polymère dont les performances sont largement supérieures à celles des technologies antérieures, en particulier celles des batteries Ni-Cd des véhicules dits « de première génération ».To approach the comfort and road performance of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines, in terms of speed, acceleration and autonomy, it is known to equip electric vehicles with a lithium-metal-polymer type battery whose performance are far superior to those of previous technologies, in particular those of Ni-Cd batteries from so-called “first generation” vehicles.
Toutefois les accélérations et le roulage à des vitesses élevées conduisent à des décharges importantes d'une telle batterie du fait des grandes puissances requises par la motorisation de ces véhicules électriques. Ces décharges importantes détériorent les batteries de type Lithium-métal-polymère et diminuent largement leur durée de vie.However, accelerations and driving at high speeds lead to significant discharges of such a battery because of the large powers required by the motorization of these electric vehicles. These large discharges deteriorate Lithium-metal-polymer batteries and greatly reduce their lifespan.
Par ailleurs, les batteries de type Lithium-ion sont capables de fournir des courants très importants sans dégradation significative de leurs performances.In addition, Lithium-ion type batteries are capable of supplying very large currents without significantly degrading their performance.
Cependant, ces batteries présentent une énergie volumique faible et sont plus coûteuse que les batteries de type Lithium-métal-polymère.However, these batteries have a low energy density and are more expensive than batteries of the lithium-metal-polymer type.
Par conséquent, compte tenu des contraintes en termes d'encombrement et de coût, leur utilisation pour l'alimentation du moteur électrique d'un véhicule automobile ne permet pas de disposer d'une énergie suffisante pour atteindre les objectifs d'autonomie et de confort.Consequently, given the constraints in terms of size and cost, their use for supplying the electric motor of a motor vehicle does not allow sufficient energy to be achieved to achieve the objectives of autonomy and comfort. .
Par ailleurs, les accessoires, notamment le dispositif de climatisation, nécessitent une quantité d'énergie électrique importante. On connaît par le document US-A-5796175 un système d'alimentation électrique d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique, ledit véhicule comprenant un moteur électrique, un dispositif de transmission de l'énergie entre les roues motrices et le moteur et des accessoires électriques, notamment un dispositif de climatisation, ledit système comprenant une première batterie rechargeable destinée à alimenter le moteur électrique et une deuxième batterie rechargeable destinée à alimenter les accessoires électriques du véhicule.Furthermore, the accessories, in particular the air conditioning device, require a significant amount of electrical energy. Document US-A-5796175 discloses an electrical power supply system for an electrically powered motor vehicle, said vehicle comprising an electric motor, a device for transmitting energy between the drive wheels and the engine and accessories. electric, in particular an air conditioning device, said system comprising a first rechargeable battery intended to supply the electric motor and a second rechargeable battery intended to supply the electrical accessories of the vehicle.
On connaît également par le document WO 03/023934 un dispositif de commutation entre deux batteries de démarrage d'un véhicule automobile. Mais il n'est pas suggéré par ce document d'utiliser un tel commutateur pour la traction d'un véhicule électrique qui, comme indiqué ci-dessus, pose des problèmes particuliers en termes de confort et de performances routières, notamment en raison du fait que l'énergie nécessaire au moteur électrique est variable.Document WO 03/023934 also discloses a device for switching between two starter batteries of a motor vehicle. But it is not suggested by this document to use such a switch for the traction of an electric vehicle which, as indicated above, poses particular problems in terms of comfort and road performance, in particular due to the fact that the energy required for the electric motor is variable.
L'invention vise à optimiser l'alimentation électrique nécessaire à l'ensemble des fonctions du véhicule en proposant un système dans lequel l'alimentation du moteur électrique d'un véhicule automobile est réalisée par une première batterie et l'alimentation des accessoires et notamment du dispositif de climatisation est réalisée par une deuxième batterie.The invention aims to optimize the electrical supply necessary for all of the vehicle's functions by proposing a system in which the supply of the electric motor of a motor vehicle is carried out by a first battery and the supply of accessories and in particular of the air conditioning system is achieved by a second battery.
A cet effet et selon un premier aspect, l'invention propose un système d'alimentation électrique d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique, ledit véhicule comprenant un moteur électrique, un dispositif de transmission de l'énergie entre les roues motrices et le moteur et des accessoires électriques, notamment un dispositif de climatisation, ledit système comprenant une première batterie rechargeable destinée à alimenter le moteur électrique et une deuxième batterie rechargeable destinée à alimenter les accessoires électriques du véhicule, la première et la deuxième batterie étant connectées en parallèle audit moteur par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commutation, ledit dispositif étant agencé pour commuter le courant d'alimentation du moteur entre les batteries en fonction d'au moins un seuil d'énergie.To this end and according to a first aspect, the invention provides a power supply system for a motor vehicle with electric motorization, said vehicle comprising an electric motor, a device for transmitting energy between the drive wheels and the engine. and electrical accessories, in particular an air conditioning device, said system comprising a first rechargeable battery intended to supply the electric motor and a second rechargeable battery intended to supply the electrical accessories of the vehicle, the first and second batteries being connected in parallel to said engine by means of a switching device, said device being arranged to switch the motor supply current between the batteries as a function of at least one energy threshold.
Donc, dans un tel système, la première batterie peut être relayée par la deuxième batterie pour alimenter le moteur, notamment lorsque la première batterie est déchargée ou dans des conditions de roulage particulières.Therefore, in such a system, the first battery can be relayed by the second battery to supply the engine, in particular when the first battery is discharged or under special driving conditions.
Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention propose un procédé de commande d'un système d'alimentation électrique d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique tel que décrit ci-dessus, ledit procédé prévoyant :According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling an electrical power supply system of a motor vehicle with electric motorization as described above, said method providing:
- lorsque l'énergie délivrée par la première batterie est supérieure à un seuil d'énergie de décharge, l'alimentation du moteur par la première batterie de sorte, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues motrices ; - lorsque l'énergie délivrée par la première batterie est strictement inférieure au seuil d'énergie de décharge, l'activation dispositif de commutation de sorte à alimenter le moteur par la deuxième batterie et, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues.- When the energy delivered by the first battery is greater than a discharge energy threshold, the supply of the motor by the first battery so, via the transmission device, to drive the driving wheels; - when the energy delivered by the first battery is strictly below the discharge energy threshold, activation of the switching device so as to power the motor by the second battery and, via the transmission device, to drive the wheels.
Dans un mode de réalisation, le procédé de commande prévoit en outre :In one embodiment, the control method also provides:
- lorsque l'énergie nécessaire au moteur est supérieure à un seuil d'énergie faible, l'alimentation du moteur par la première batterie de sorte, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues motrices ;- When the energy required for the motor is greater than a low energy threshold, the supply of the motor by the first battery so, via the transmission device, to drive the driving wheels;
- lorsque l'énergie nécessaire au moteur est strictement inférieure au seuil d'énergie faible, l'activation du dispositif de commutation de sorte à alimenter le moteur par la deuxième batterie et, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues.- when the energy required for the motor is strictly below the low energy threshold, activation of the switching device so as to supply the motor with the second battery and, via the transmission device, to drive the wheels .
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le procédé de commande prévoit en outre qu'en cas de décélération le dispositif de commutation est activé de sorte à fournir un courant de recharge essentiellement à la première batterie par transmission d'énergie entre les roues et le moteur. Selon un troisième aspect, l'invention propose un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique comprenant des accessoires électriques, comprenant un système d'alimentation électrique tel que décrit ci-dessus.In another embodiment, the control method further provides that, in the event of deceleration, the switching device is activated so as to supply a recharging current essentially to the first battery by transmission of energy between the wheels and the motor. . According to a third aspect, the invention provides an electric motor vehicle comprising electrical accessories, comprising an electrical supply system as described above.
D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui suit, faite en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma représentant les flux d'énergie entre les différents éléments lors de la charge d'un système d'alimentation électrique d'un véhicule électrique selon l'invention ;- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the energy flows between the different elements when charging an electric power supply system of an electric vehicle according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est un schéma représentant les flux d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation électrique selon l'invention, les accessoires électriques étant alimentés par la deuxième batterie ;- Figure 2 is a diagram showing the energy flows in a power supply system according to the invention, the electrical accessories being powered by the second battery;
- la figure 3 est un schéma représentant les flux d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation électrique selon l'invention, le moteur étant alimenté par la première batterie ;- Figure 3 is a diagram showing the energy flows in a power supply system according to the invention, the engine being powered by the first battery;
- la figure 4 est un schéma représentant les flux d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation électrique selon l'invention, le moteur étant alimenté par la deuxième batterie ;- Figure 4 is a diagram showing the energy flows in an electrical power system according to the invention, the engine being powered by the second battery;
- la figure 5 est un schéma représentant les flux lors de la transmission d'énergie entre les roues et le moteur en phase de décélération d'un système d'alimentation électrique selon l'invention.- Figure 5 is a diagram showing the flows during the transmission of energy between the wheels and the motor in the deceleration phase of an electrical supply system according to the invention.
Sur les figures 1 à 5, on représente un système d'alimentation 1 des roues motrices 2 d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique.In Figures 1 to 5, there is shown a power system 1 for the drive wheels 2 of a motor vehicle with electric motorization.
Sur les figures, seules deux roues motrices sont représentées sur un train. Ce train peut être le train avant ou le train arrière d'un véhicule automobile. Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, les trains avant et arrière portent les roues motrices 2.In the figures, only two driving wheels are shown on a train. This train can be the front axle or the rear axle of a motor vehicle. In in other embodiments, the front and rear axles carry the driving wheels 2.
Le véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique comprend un moteur électrique 3 et un dispositif de transmission non représenté de l'énergie entre les roues motrices 2 et le moteur 3. Le véhicule électrique comprend en outre des accessoires électriques 4 tels que par exemple les dispositifs de climatisation, de chauffage, d'assistance à la direction et au freinage et de rechargement de la batterie de servitude de 12V.The electric motor vehicle comprises an electric motor 3 and a device for transmitting energy, not shown, between the driving wheels 2 and the motor 3. The electric vehicle further comprises electric accessories 4 such as for example air conditioning devices , heating, steering and braking assistance and recharging of the 12V service battery.
Le système 1 comprend en parallèle une première batterie 5 rechargeable destinée à alimenter le moteur électrique 3 et une deuxième batterie 6 rechargeable destinée à alimenter les accessoires électriques 4 du véhicule.The system 1 comprises in parallel a first rechargeable battery 5 intended to supply the electric motor 3 and a second rechargeable battery 6 intended to supply the electrical accessories 4 of the vehicle.
Dans une réalisation particulière, la première batterie 5 est une batterie de type Lithium-ion ou Lithium-ion-polymère.In a particular embodiment, the first battery 5 is a battery of the Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type.
Ce type de batterie est capable de fournir le courant nécessaire au moteur y compris dans les phases nécessitant de fortes puissances comme en accélération ou en roulage à vitesse constante élevée. En effet, grâce à la forte capacité de décharge d'une batterie de type Lithium-ion ou Lithium-ion- polymère, les forts courants reçus par le moteur lui confère la puissance suffisante. En choisissant de manière judicieuse la puissance maximale de la batterie, l'on évite l'effet Ragone, c'est-à-dire la réduction de l'énergie disponible en fonction de la puissance fournie, tout en conservant la durée de vie de la batterie.This type of battery is capable of supplying the current necessary for the motor, including in phases requiring high powers such as when accelerating or driving at high constant speed. Indeed, thanks to the high discharge capacity of a Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type battery, the high currents received by the motor give it sufficient power. By choosing judiciously the maximum power of the battery, one avoids the Ragone effect, that is to say the reduction of the available energy according to the supplied power, while preserving the lifespan of drums.
En particulier, la première batterie 5 est capable de fournir une puissance de l'ordre de 40 kW en roulage à vitesse constante et de l'ordre de 55kW durant les phases d'accélération. Par ailleurs, la deuxième batterie 6 est une batterie de type Lithium-métal- polymère. Dans un exemple particulier, la deuxième batterie 6 est capable de fournir une puissance de l'ordre de 15 kW.In particular, the first battery 5 is capable of supplying a power of the order of 40 kW when traveling at constant speed and of the order of 55 kW during the acceleration phases. Furthermore, the second battery 6 is a lithium-metal-polymer type battery. In a particular example, the second battery 6 is capable of providing a power of the order of 15 kW.
Sur la figure 1 , on représente la charge des batteries 5 et 6. Pour ce faire, les batteries peuvent être connectées à une borne électrique ou sur une prise secteur 8 pour une recharge lente représentée par les flèches 9.In FIG. 1, the charge of the batteries 5 and 6 is shown. To do this, the batteries can be connected to an electrical terminal or to a mains socket 8 for slow charging represented by the arrows 9.
Par ailleurs, contrairement à la deuxième batterie 6 de type Lithium-métal- polymère, la première batterie 5 de type Lithium-ion ou Lithium-ion-polymère est capable de recevoir de forts courants de charge de l'ordre de C/1 ou 2C, où C est la capacité de la batterie. Une charge rapide, représentée par la flèche 10, par le biais d'un chargeur externe de puissance 11 peut donc être effectué sur la première batterie 5. Ce chargeur 11 peut par exemple être sous forme d'une borne.Furthermore, unlike the second battery 6 of the Lithium-metal-polymer type, the first battery 5 of the Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type is capable of receiving high charge currents of the order of C / 1 or 2C, where C is the battery capacity. A rapid charge, represented by the arrow 10, by means of an external power charger 11 can therefore be carried out on the first battery 5. This charger 11 can for example be in the form of a terminal.
La figure 2 représente le système d'alimentation 1 dans lequel la deuxième batterie 6 transmet de l'énergie, flèche 12, aux accessoires électriques 4 du véhicule.FIG. 2 represents the supply system 1 in which the second battery 6 transmits energy, arrow 12, to the electrical accessories 4 of the vehicle.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, les première 5 et deuxième 6 batteries sont connectées au moteur 3 par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commutation non représenté. Ce dispositif est agencé pour commuter le courant d'alimentation du moteur 3 entre les batteries 5, 6 en fonction d'au moins un seuil d'énergie.In a particular embodiment, the first 5 and second 6 batteries are connected to the motor 3 via a switching device not shown. This device is arranged to switch the supply current of the motor 3 between the batteries 5, 6 as a function of at least one energy threshold.
Pour ce faire, le dispositif de commutation comprend des moyens de mesure de l'énergie fournie par la première batterie, des moyens électroniques de mémorisation des seuils d'énergie et des moyens électroniques de comparaison de l'énergie fournie avec lesdits seuils d'énergie.To do this, the switching device comprises means for measuring the energy supplied by the first battery, electronic means for storing energy thresholds and electronic means for comparing the energy supplied with said energy thresholds. .
On décrit maintenant les différents modes de fonctionnement du système d'alimentation 1 d'un véhicule électrique. Sur la figure 3, est représenté le système 1 en fonctionnement dit « normal ». La flèche 13 représente l'énergie fournie par la première batterie 5 au moteur électrique 3 pour son alimentation. Le moteur 3 transmet alors la puissance, flèche 14, pour entraîner les roues motrices 2, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission. Ce mode de fonctionnement est prévu lorsque l'énergie délivrée par la première batterie 5 est supérieure à un seuil d'énergie de décharge. Ce seuil d'énergie de décharge de la première batterie 5 est une valeur prédéterminée pour laquelle l'énergie fournie par la batterie n'est pas suffisante pour que le moteur dispose de la puissance nécessaire au déplacement du véhicule.We will now describe the different operating modes of the power system 1 of an electric vehicle. In Figure 3, the system 1 is shown in so-called "normal" operation. The arrow 13 represents the energy supplied by the first battery 5 to the electric motor 3 for its supply. The motor 3 then transmits the power, arrow 14, to drive the drive wheels 2, via the transmission device. This operating mode is provided when the energy delivered by the first battery 5 is greater than a discharge energy threshold. This discharge energy threshold of the first battery 5 is a predetermined value for which the energy supplied by the battery is not sufficient for the engine to have the power necessary to move the vehicle.
Lorsque l'énergie délivrée par la première batterie 5 est strictement inférieure au seuil d'énergie de décharge, le système 1 fonctionne en mode prolongateur d'autonomie. Le dispositif de commutation est alors activé de sorte à alimenter le moteur 3 par la deuxième batterie 6 et, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues 2. Les flèches 15, 16 de la figure 4 représentent les flux d'énergie respectivement entre la deuxième batterie et le moteur et entre le moteur et les roues motrices.When the energy delivered by the first battery 5 is strictly below the discharge energy threshold, the system 1 operates in range extender mode. The switching device is then activated so as to supply the motor 3 by the second battery 6 and, via the transmission device, to drive the wheels 2. The arrows 15, 16 of FIG. 4 represent the flows of energy respectively between the second battery and the engine and between the engine and the drive wheels.
Dans un mode de réalisation, lorsque l'énergie nécessaire au moteur 3 est supérieure à un seuil d'énergie faible, l'alimentation du moteur 3 est réalisé par la première batterie 5 de sorte, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues motrices 2.In one embodiment, when the energy required for the motor 3 is greater than a low energy threshold, the motor 3 is supplied with power by the first battery 5 so, through the transmission device, to drive the driving wheels 2.
Lorsque l'énergie nécessaire au moteur 3 est strictement inférieure au seuil d'énergie d'accélération, l'activation du dispositif de commutation et le courant d'alimentation du moteur 3 est commuté de la première batterie 5 à la deuxième batterie 6.When the energy required for the motor 3 is strictly below the acceleration energy threshold, the activation of the switching device and the supply current of the motor 3 is switched from the first battery 5 to the second battery 6.
Dans un exemple particulier, le seuil d'énergie faible, de l'ordre de quelques kilowatts, est atteint pour des vitesses faibles inférieures à environ 20 km/h. De ce fait, l'utilisation de la deuxième batterie 6 dans des phases où les courants nécessaires au moteur 3 ne sont pas trop importants, le volume, la capacité et donc le coût de la première batterie 5 de type Lithium-ion ou Lithium-ion-polymère peuvent être limités.In a particular example, the low energy threshold, of the order of a few kilowatts, is reached for low speeds less than about 20 km / h. Therefore, the use of the second battery 6 in phases where the currents necessary for the motor 3 are not too large, the volume, the capacity and therefore the cost of the first battery 5 of the Lithium-ion or Lithium- type. ion-polymer may be limited.
En outre, la deuxième batterie 6 n'étant utilisée que dans des phases où la puissance demandée va de l'ordre de quelques kilowatt à 15kW en mode prolongateur d'énergie, sa décharge n'excède pas C/1 , où C est la capacité de la batterie, ce qui permet d'éviter l'effet Ragone.In addition, the second battery 6 being used only in phases where the power demanded ranges from a few kilowatt to 15 kW in energy extension mode, its discharge does not exceed C / 1, where C is the battery capacity, which avoids the Ragone effect.
Sur la figure 5, un mode de récupération de l'énergie due à la rotation des roues 2 est représenté. Dans ce mode de fonctionnement, en cas de décélération, la rotation des roues 2 permet au moteur 3 d'emmagasiner de l'énergie, flèche 17, par le biais du dispositif de transmission. Le dispositif de commutation est alors activé de sorte à répartir les courants de recharge. Ces courants sont aiguillés soit totalement, flèche 18, vers la première batterie 5 qui accepte des courants de charge importants, soit partiellement. Dans ce dernier cas, le dispositif de commutation aiguille une partie suffisamment faible des courants de recharge, flèche 19, vers la deuxième batterie 6 pour ne pas la détériorer. In Figure 5, a mode of energy recovery due to the rotation of the wheels 2 is shown. In this operating mode, in the event of deceleration, the rotation of the wheels 2 allows the motor 3 to store energy, arrow 17, by means of the transmission device. The switching device is then activated so as to distribute the charging currents. These currents are routed either totally, arrow 18, towards the first battery 5 which accepts large charge currents, or partially. In the latter case, the switching device switches a sufficiently small part of the charging currents, arrow 19, to the second battery 6 so as not to damage it.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système d'alimentation électrique (1) d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique, ledit véhicule comprenant un moteur électrique (3), un dispositif de transmission de l'énergie entre les roues motrices (2) et le moteur (3) et des accessoires électriques (4), notamment un dispositif de climatisation, ledit système (1 ) comprenant une première batterie (5) rechargeable destinée à alimenter le moteur électrique (3) et une deuxième batterie (6) rechargeable destinée à alimenter les accessoires électriques (4) du véhicule, caractérisé en ce que la première (5) et la deuxième (6) batterie sont connectées en parallèle audit moteur (3) par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commutation, ledit dispositif étant agencé pour commuter le courant d'alimentation du moteur (3) entre les batteries (5, 6) en fonction d'au moins un seuil d'énergie.1. Electric power supply system (1) of an electrically powered motor vehicle, said vehicle comprising an electric motor (3), a device for transmitting energy between the driving wheels (2) and the motor (3) and electrical accessories (4), in particular an air conditioning device, said system (1) comprising a first rechargeable battery (5) intended to supply the electric motor (3) and a second rechargeable battery (6) intended to supply electrical accessories (4) of the vehicle, characterized in that the first (5) and the second (6) battery are connected in parallel to said motor (3) by means of a switching device, said device being arranged to switch the current supplying the motor (3) between the batteries (5, 6) as a function of at least one energy threshold.
2. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la première batterie (5) est une batterie de type Lithium-ion ou Lithium-ion-polymère.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the first battery (5) is a battery of the Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion-polymer type.
3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième batterie (6) est une batterie de type Lithium-métal-polymère.3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second battery (6) is a lithium-metal-polymer type battery.
4. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la première batterie (5) est capable de fournir une puissance comprise entre de l'ordre de 40 kW et 55 kW.4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first battery (5) is capable of providing a power between between about 40 kW and 55 kW.
5. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième batterie (6) est capable de fournir une puissance de l'ordre de 15 W.5. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second battery (6) is capable of providing a power of the order of 15 W.
6. Procédé de commande d'un système d'alimentation électrique (1) d'un véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit : - lorsque l'énergie délivrée par la première batterie (5) est supérieure à un seuil d'énergie de décharge, l'alimentation du moteur (3) par la première batterie (5) de sorte, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues motrices (2) ; - lorsque l'énergie délivrée par la première batterie (5) est strictement inférieure au seuil d'énergie de décharge, l'activation du dispositif de commutation de sorte à alimenter le moteur (3) par la deuxième batterie (6) et, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues (2).6. Method for controlling an electrical supply system (1) of a motor vehicle with an electric motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it provides: - when the energy delivered by the first battery (5) is greater than a discharge energy threshold, the supply of the motor (3) by the first battery (5) so, via the transmission device , to drive the driving wheels (2); - when the energy delivered by the first battery (5) is strictly lower than the discharge energy threshold, the activation of the switching device so as to supply the motor (3) by the second battery (6) and, by via the transmission device, to drive the wheels (2).
7. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit en outre : - lorsque l'énergie nécessaire au moteur (3) est supérieure à un seuil d'énergie faible, l'alimentation du moteur (3) par la première batterie (5) de sorte, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues motrices (2) ; - lorsque l'énergie nécessaire au moteur (3) est strictement inférieure au seuil d'énergie faible, l'activation du dispositif de commutation de sorte à alimenter le moteur (3) par la deuxième batterie (6) et, par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de transmission, à entraîner les roues (2).7. Control method according to claim 6, characterized in that it further provides: - when the energy required for the motor (3) is greater than a low energy threshold, the supply to the motor (3) by the first battery (5) so, via the transmission device, to drive the drive wheels (2); - when the energy required for the motor (3) is strictly below the low energy threshold, activation of the switching device so as to supply the motor (3) by the second battery (6) and, via of the transmission device, to drive the wheels (2).
8. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit en outre qu'en cas de décélération, le dispositif de commutation est activé de sorte à fournir un courant de recharge essentiellement à la première batterie (5) par transmission d'énergie entre les roues (2) et le moteur (3).8. Control method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it further provides that in the event of deceleration, the switching device is activated so as to supply a recharging current essentially to the first battery (5) by energy transmission between the wheels (2) and the motor (3).
9. Véhicule automobile à motorisation électrique comprenant des accessoires électriques (4), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un système d'alimentation électrique (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5. 9. Electrically powered motor vehicle comprising electrical accessories (4), characterized in that it comprises an electrical supply system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
EP04805260A 2003-10-22 2004-10-21 Power supply system for an electric motor vehicle with two batteries Withdrawn EP1675744A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0350720A FR2861338B1 (en) 2003-10-22 2003-10-22 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A TWO BATTERY ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE
PCT/FR2004/002696 WO2005039918A2 (en) 2003-10-22 2004-10-21 Power supply system for an electric motor vehicle with two batteries

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WO2005039918B1 (en) 2005-08-11
US7667416B2 (en) 2010-02-23
CN1871146A (en) 2006-11-29
CN1871146B (en) 2011-08-24
WO2005039918A3 (en) 2005-06-16

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