EP1644195A2

EP1644195A2 - Cylinder of an inking or dampening system

Info

Publication number: EP1644195A2
Application number: EP04741970A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jochen Sieber; Andreas Ewald Heinrich Bernard; Manfred Herrmann Liebler
Original assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Current assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Priority date: 2003-07-11
Filing date: 2004-07-07
Publication date: 2006-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2024-07-07
Also published as: EP1644195B1; ATE503632T1; DE10352614A1; ATE411172T1; DE502004008279D1; US7908966B2; EP1946924A3; DE502004012362D1; WO2005007410A2; US20070039496A1; EP1946923A2; EP1946923A3; WO2005007410A3; EP1946923B1; EP1946924A2

Abstract

Roller moves perpendicular to its axis of rotation and has a drive motor which moves in common with a changeable roller. An independent claim is also included for an inking or dampening system containing the above cylinder. Preferred Features: The roller is positioned in pivoting levers and the drive motor is arranged on one of the levers and is able to pivot with the chargeable roller. A changeable drive is arranged on the face of the roller lying opposite a rotating drive.

Description

description

Roller of a dyeing or dampening unit

The invention relates to a roller of a dyeing or dampening unit according to the preamble of claim 1, 6 or 15.

DE 197 20 954 A1 discloses a printing unit with a three rubbing cylinder having lifting inking and a distributor cylinder having dampening unit. The ink flow takes place from a cylinder-distant distribution cylinder of the inking unit, in each case via an inking roller, parallel to two transfer cylinders closer to the transfer cylinder and from there, via respectively assigned applicator rollers, to the transfer cylinder. The three-roller dampening unit is always in operative connection with one of the inking unit drivers so that dampening solution / paint emulsion is applied.

From DE 197 50 960 A1 discloses a three Reibzylinder exhibiting film inking unit, wherein the color flow from the cylinder remote rubbing cylinder on a second distribution cylinder, and from there in parallel via applicator rolls on the Ubertragungszylinder and the third distribution cylinder, from which a smoothing of the ink application over other application rollers he follows.

In DE 101 03 842 A1, a film inking unit is set forth, wherein both an angle between a metering gap and a film gap and an angle between the film gap and a press nip between 70 ° to 10 °, in particular at about 90 °.

DE 29 32 105 A1 shows a printing unit with a Heberfarb- and a dampening unit, wherein the dampening unit is arranged movably in such a way that it acts in a mode of operation as a three-roller dampening unit and no connection to the inking unit, and in the other mode of operation of the dampening Contact to one Application roller of the inking unit has.

From DE 38 04204 A1 a film inking unit is known, wherein in addition to a arranged in the color box zonenweise metering of the color flow for more variable control or cleaning purposes the inking unit color via an intermediate roller and a doctor device can be removed.

DE 101 57 243 A1 a friction cylinder of a printing machine is disclosed, the rotary drive on one end face and a traversing drive on the other, z. B. the drive side is arranged. The rotary drive is done by the motor either axially directly or via a pinion on a spur gear of the cylinder.

In DE 38 04 204 A1 transfer rollers of an inking unit are mounted in spring-loaded bearing levers.

The invention has for its object to provide a roller of a dyeing or dampening unit.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, 6 or 15.

In an advantageous embodiment, the ink passes from the first distribution cylinder via different possible ways either selectively or simultaneously (in series or in parallel) via two more distribution cylinders to the forme cylinder. As a result, the inking unit is very flexible convertible to printing conditions of different requirements. The same applies to the printing unit with regard to the optional assignment of a rubbing cylinder to the dampening or inking unit, as well as a choice between "pure" damp (direct) and indirect dampening, wherein color and dampening solution are already mixed on a distribution cylinder. Also advantageous is an embodiment, wherein a rotary drive of the dampener by its own engine, in particular via a (corner) gearbox takes place. To simplify the drive train in terms of AnJAbstellens, the motor is advantageously arranged on a lever with.

By an advantageous arrangement of levers of two cooperating rollers, an easily adjustable, and yet the relative position to each other preserving design is created when adjusting.

For the ideal color flow through the printing unit is targeted in an advantageous embodiment - and z. B. depending on a printed image and / or a web width - color taken from the inking unit. This does not lead, especially in marginal areas, to a supersaturation of the inking unit with ink not removed.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is an overview of a printing press;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of webs of different widths;

Fig. 3 a printing unit;

4 shows an operating mode of an inking unit;

Fig. 5 shows an operation of an inking unit; Fig. 6 is a surface structure of a film roll;

7 shows a removal device;

8 shows an ink feed into the inking unit;

9 shows a frame of the printing unit with main drive and dampening rollers.

Figure 10 is a plan view of the frame with covers and sprue.

Figure 11 shows a suspension and drive of dampening rollers.

Fig. 12 is an oblique view of dampening rollers;

13 a Rotaton drive of an axially movable roller;

14 shows an axial drive of a rotatable roller;

FIG. 15 shows a drive of the printing unit cylinders; FIG.

16 shows a drive of the inking rollers.

A printing press, in particular a web-fed rotary printing press for printing one or more webs B, has a plurality of assemblies 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 for supply, for printing and for further processing. From Z. B. a roll handling 100 to be duckled web B, in particular paper web B, unwound before it is fed via an infeed 200 one or more printing units 300. Among the standard intended for multi-color printing Printing units 300 (eg four pieces for four-color printing) may be provided with additional printing units 300, which may then also be used, for example, alternately with one or more of the remaining printing units 300 for the flying printing form change.

In an advantageous embodiment, a coating unit 450 may be provided in the web path.

After printing and optionally painting, the web B passes through a dryer 500 and is optionally cooled again in a cooling unit 600, if the drying takes place in a thermal manner. After the dryer 500, in or after the cooling unit 600, at least one further, not shown in FIG. 1 conditioning, such. B. a coating device and / or a Wiederbefeuchtung be provided. After cooling and / or conditioning, the web B can be fed via a superstructure 700 to a folding apparatus 800. The superstructure 700 has at least one not shown in Fig. 1 silicone work, a slitting and a turning device and a funnel unit. The said silicone work can also be before the superstructure 700, z. B. be arranged in the region of the cooling unit 600. The superstructure 700 may further include a perforator, not shown in FIG. 1, a gluing unit, a numeral, and / or a plow folder. After passing through the superstructure 700, the web B or partial webs are fed into a folding apparatus 800.

In an advantageous embodiment, the printing press additionally has a separate cross cutter 900, Σ. B. a so-called. Piano boom 900, on, in which a, for example, not guided by the folder 800 web B cut into format sheets and possibly stacked or designed.

The aggregates 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 of the printing press have an effective width transverse to the transport direction T of the web B, which is the Processing of webs B of a maximum width b (Fig. 2) of z. B. up to 1,000 mm allowed. Under effective width here is the respective width or clear width of the directly or indirectly cooperating with the web B components (eg, roller, cylinder, implementation, sensors, travel paths, etc.) of the units 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 so that the web B can be processed, conditioned and conveyed in its full width b. Furthermore, the aggregates 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 in their functionality (material supply, rail transport, sensors, further processing) designed such that even partial width webs B 'in the printing press down to a width b' of only 400 mm are processed.

The aggregates 100 defining or processing a section length a; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 are configured to define, for example, a section length a lying between 540 and 700 mm on the path B. Advantageously, the section length a is between 540 and 630 mm. In a special embodiment, the section length a is 620 + 10 mm. In development of the printing press, the units 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 designed so that with a few changes, the printing machine with optional section length 546 mm, 578 mm, 590 mm or 620 mm is executable. Thus, for example, essentially only an interchangeability of bearing elements for printing cylinder (see below), an adjustment of the drive (see below) and an adjustment in the folder 800 and the cross cutter 900 (see below) required to equip the same printing press for different formats , The section length a is, for example, standard with four stationary printed pages, z. B. DIN A4, in the transverse direction of the web B side by side and two printed pages (for example, a length s) in the longitudinal direction one behind the other. Depending on the printed image and subsequent further processing in the superstructure 700 and folder 800, however, other page numbers per section length a are possible.

For multicolor printing of web B; B 'the press has several, z. B. at least four, in particular five substantially equally equipped printing units 300. The printing units 300 are preferably arranged side by side and are of the web B; Go through B 'horizontally. The printing unit 300 is preferably a printing unit 300 for offset printing, in particular as a double printing unit

300 or as I-printing unit 300 with two printing units 301, z. B. two offset printing units

301 designed for the two-sided printing in the so-called rubber-against-rubber operation. At least one of the printing units 300 are at least in the lower region, and optionally in the upper region, upstream and downstream rollers 302, by means of which an incoming web B; B 'can be guided around the printing unit 300 at the bottom or at the top, a web B guided around an upstream printing unit 300; B 'can be carried out by the printing unit 300, or a web B performed by the printing unit 300; B 'is guided around the downstream printing unit 300.

Fig. 3 shows schematically the arrangement of two over the web B; B 'co-operating printing units 301 with one each as Ubertragungszylinder 303 and a form cylinder

304 executed printing cylinder 303; 304 (short: cylinder 303, 304), an inking unit

305 and a dampening unit 306. In an advantageous embodiment, the printing unit 300 has per form cylinder 304 devices for semi or fully automatic plate feeder 307 or change a printing plate 310th

In a further development, in particular if the printing machine is to be suitable for an imprint operation, at least one or more printing units 300 have additional guide elements 308 close to and after the nip position of the printing unit 300. If a printing unit 300 without printing and without contact between web B; B 'and transfer cylinders 303 are passed through, the web guide shown in broken lines in FIG. 3 using the guide elements 308 is advantageous. The web B; B 'passes through the nip so that it forms an angle of 80 ° to 100 °, for example approximately 90 ° with a connecting line of axes of rotation of the two transfer cylinders 303 substantially. The vanes 308 are preferably as air-swept rods or rolls executed. This reduces the risk of abrasion of previously freshly printed paint.

In a further development of the illustrated printing unit 301, each transfer cylinder 303 is assigned a washing device 309. By means of the washing device 309, the elastic surface of the transfer cylinder 303 can be cleaned.

The cylinders 303; 304 each have a circumference between 540 and 700 mm, preferably forming and transfer cylinder 303; 304 have the same extent. Advantageously, the circumferences are between 540 and 630 mm. In a specific embodiment, the section length a is 620 ± 10 mm. In a further development, the printing unit 300 is designed in such a way that, with a few changes, cylinders 303; 304 with a circumference of 546 mm, 578 mm, 590 mm or 620 mm is executable. Thus, for example, only an exchange of bearing elements or a changed position of the holes in the side frame (and sprue; s.u.) For the cylinder 303; 304 and an adjustment of the drive (lever, s.u).

The transfer cylinder 303 has on its circumference at least one elevator, not shown, which is held in at least one axially extending on the lateral surface channel. Preferably, the transfer cylinder 303 has only one over the effective length or substantially over the entire width of the web B to be printed; B 'reaching and substantially (except for a shock or a channel opening) to the entire circumference of the transfer cylinder 303 reaching elevator. The elevator is preferably embodied as a so-called metal printing blanket, which has an elastic layer (eg rubber) on a substantially dimensionally stable carrier layer, eg. B. a thin metal plate having. The ends of this elevator are now introduced through an opening on the lateral surface in the channel and friction or held there form-fitting. In the case of a metal printing blanket, the ends are bent / folded (eg in the region of its leading end by approximately 45 ° and in the region of its trailing end by approximately 135 °). These ends are enough through an opening of a channel which extends axially over the entire width of the transfer cylinder 303 to be used and which, for example, also has a locking, clamping or tensioning device. The opening to the channel has in the region of the lateral surface in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 304 preferably a width of 1 to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm. The clamping is advantageously pneumatically actuated, z. B. as one or more pneumatically actuated lever, which are biased in the closed state by spring force against the reaching into the channel trailing end executed. As an actuating means, a pressurizable medium is preferably used hose.

The inking unit 305 has in addition to a color feeder, z. B. a color box 311 with a regulator 312 for regulating the flow of color, a plurality of rollers 313 to 325 on. The ink feed can also be designed as a doctor bar. The ink passes in juxtaposed rollers 313 to 325 from the ink fountain 311 on the ductor roller 313, the film roller 314 and a first ink roller 315 on a first distribution cylinder 316. From there, the color passes depending on the operation of the inking unit 305 (see below), at least an ink roller 317 to 320 on at least one further distribution cylinder 321; 324 and from there via at least one application roller 322; 323; 325 on the surface of the forme cylinder 304. In an advantageous embodiment, the color of the first first rubbing cylinder 316 passes through different possible paths selectively or simultaneously (in series or in parallel) via two further distribution cylinders 321; 324 to the order whales 322; 323; 325th

As shown in Fig. 3 for the ink roller 317 by dashed lines, this is in a first position (solid) can be brought, in which it decreases the color of the first distribution cylinder 316 and the second impression cylinder 324 and at least the applicator roll 325 to the forme cylinder 304. This path is in principle independent of below described paths of the color from the first distribution cylinder 316 or the second distribution cylinder 324 via the inking roller 318 and a third distribution cylinder 321 to the forme cylinder 304. In one second position (shown in solid lines) of the ink roller 317 (dashed lines) is this parked by the downstream distribution cylinder 324, the path of the color over the second distribution cylinder 324 is interrupted. In an advantageous embodiment of the dyeing and dampening unit 305; 306, the second distribution cylinder 324 may simultaneously with a roller 328, z. B. applicator roller 328, the dampening unit 306 act together. On the second distribution cylinder 324 located fluid (ink and / or fountain solution), then - the rollers 324, 325, 328 and the cylinder 304 are adjusted to each other accordingly - are delivered simultaneously via the applicator roller 325 and 328 to the forme cylinder 304.

The ink roller 318 is also advantageous in two positions can be brought. In a first position (shown in solid line), the inking roller 318 removes the ink from the second dispensing cylinder 324, which receives the ink from the first dispensing cylinder 316 via the inking roller 317 (located in its first position). From the ink roller 318, the color, if necessary via further ink rollers 319; 320, a third distribution cylinder 321, and from there via at least one application roller 322; 323 fed to the forme cylinder 304. In a second position (dashed lines) of the inking roller 318, the ink is taken directly from the first rubbing cylinder 316. This second position of the inking roller 318 is particularly important when the inking roller 317 is in its second (dashed) position.

With the movable roller 317, if necessary, a first color path via two distribution cylinders 316; 324 between the first and second distribution cylinders 316; Interrupt 324.

With the movable applicator roll 318 can thus be a direct ink path via two arranged in series distribution cylinder 316; 321 or three serially arranged distribution cylinders 316; 321; 324 realize - the former regardless of whether this way in addition to and parallel to the above first color path is realized via the second distribution cylinder 324 or not. The forme cylinder 304 is conveyed via a first, front application path from the second distribution cylinder 324 via one or possibly two application rollers 325 (328) and a second, rearward application path from the third distribution cylinder 324 via one or more associated application rollers 322; 323 supplied with paint. The term "front" and "rear" order path refers to the order of contact upon rotation of the forme cylinder 304 after ink delivery to the transfer cylinder 303. *** "

As shown in broken lines in FIG. 3, the application roller 318 can be brought into a first position (dashed line) in which it decreases the ink from the first distribution cylinder 316 and via the application rollers 319; 320 feeds the second distribution cylinder 321. In a second position, the applicator roll 318 removes the ink from a third dispensing cylinder 324 which receives the ink from the first dispensing cylinder 316 via the ink roller 317. Thus, with the movable applicator roll 318, a direct path of color across two or three in-line distribution cylinders 316; 321; 324 realize - regardless of whether this way additionally and in parallel, a second path of the color over only two distribution cylinder 316; 324 is realized or not.

About the roller 318, the inking behavior of the forme cylinder 304 by the inking unit 305 is variable and adjustable. In the first mode of operation, in which the roller 318 is in the first position (shown in phantom in Fig. 3), more ink is introduced into the "back" application path via the second group of rollers 319, 320, 321, 322, 323. 320; 322; 323) and from there to the forme cylinder 304 than in the mode in which the roller 318 is in its second position. In the second mode, the color for the rear path of the order is first removed by the second distribution cylinder 324. Correspondingly, the application of ink over the first group of rollers 324, 325 and optionally 328 from the second section is reduced or increased in the reverse manner Friction cylinder 324 forth to form cylinder 304.

Under the inking unit 305 and the dampening unit 306 associated rollers, or ReibΣylindem are, unless stated otherwise, here those rollers or distribution cylinders understood that in separately operated dyeing and dampening in their basic function, d. H. in this example, a distribution cylinder 329 in the dampening unit 306 and three distribution cylinders 316; 321; 324, are assigned in the inking unit 305 with separate dampening solution and inking.

As also indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 3, the roller 328 can preferably be brought into two operating positions, wherein it is positioned in a first position (shown in solid line) on the second distribution cylinder 324 as shown above and shown in dashed lines in a second position ) is turned off by this. In this case, the contact can be produced by the application roller 328 of the dampening unit 306 onto the dispensing cylinder 324 ("the inking unit" 305), where a color dampening emulsion is formed, but in both positions it interacts with the form cylinder 304 on one side and with another one Roller 329 of dampening unit 306, for example a rubbing roller 329, in particular an iridescent chrome roller 329. Chromium roller 329 receives the dampening solution from a moistening device, eg a roller 330, in particular a dip roller 330, which is placed in a dampening solution reservoir 332. Under the water tank, a drip tray 335 is preferably arranged for collecting condensation water forming on the water box, which in an advantageous embodiment can be heated, for example by means of a heating coil.

Under the mobility of the rollers 317; 318; 328 is not to be understood as the usual adjustability for adjustment purposes, but the operational mobility to change from one to the other operating position. Ie. Manual or actuatable actuating means and / or stops (eg adjustable) are provided for both the one and the other operating positions. Furthermore is greater allowable travel before or else the roller assembly is chosen so that the two layers can be reached by the usual travel.

In an advantageous embodiment, the chrome roller 329 and the roller 330 are each movable in a direction perpendicular to its axis, for. B. in levers, stored so that the position of the applicator roll 328 in o. G. Way is changeable.

The distribution cylinders 316; 321; 324 of the inking unit 305 and the roller 329 of the dampening unit 306 are axially movably mounted in side frames (not shown in FIG. 3) so that they can exert a traversing movement. The traversing movement takes place for the distribution cylinder 316; 321; 324 and the roller 329 coupled via corresponding gear coupled to the respective rotary drive. For the roller 328 and the applicator roll 323 a storage is also provided, which allows a traversing. In contrast to the former Reibzylindern 316; 321; 324 and the roller 329, however, the axial movement is caused only by friction of the cooperating lateral surfaces and not via a corresponding traversing gear. Optionally, such a degree of freedom enabling storage in the axial direction can also be provided for the two applicator rollers 322 and 325.

The illustrated in Figure 3 a solid arrangement in the dyeing and dampening unit 305; 306 shows the cooperation of the rollers 313 to 325 and 328 to 330 provided for the "normal" printing operation. Dye and dampening medium paths are connected to each other in addition to the forme cylinder 304 and also via the second distribution cylinder 324. In addition to direct, indirect dampening.

In Fig. 4 is shown schematically (only for the upper printing unit 301) a mode of operation, wherein the roller 31 from the second distribution cylinder 324 is turned off (strichtliert shown), the distribution cylinder 316 (shown in phantom) remains employed, and in a further development at the same time Roller 314 is employed. At the same time, the roller 318 from the second distribution cylinder 324 off and employed on the first distribution cylinder 316. The ink path thus takes place via the first and third distribution cylinders 316; 321. The application roller 328 of the dampening unit 306 is in contact with the second distribution cylinder 324 so that a dampening agent application takes place directly and over a total of five rollers 324, 325 and 328 to 330 (five-roller dampening unit). One of three friction cylinders 316; 321; 324 of the inking unit 305 and an applicator roll 325 can thus be assigned to the dampening unit 306 by adjustability of the roller 317 and optionally 318. This mode of operation of dyeing and dampening unit 305 is particularly suitable; 306 when operating with special colors, in particular for paints with high metallic contents, and / or if for other reasons (eg emulsifying behavior and / or unnecessary roll contamination) no indirect dampening should take place.

Fig. 5 shows schematically (only for the upper printing unit 301) a mode of operation, wherein the roller 328 from the second distribution cylinder 324 is turned off (shown in solid line), but remains employed on the roller 329 and on the forme cylinder 304. Moistening takes place only via the three rollers 328 to 330. In a variant, not shown, at the same time coloring over all rollers 322; 323; 325 of the inking unit 305 at employed applicator rollers 322; 323; 325. In the illustrated variant, however, the applicator rollers 322; 323; 325 parked from the forme cylinder 304 (indicated by arrows) and the drive of the inking unit 305 z. B. decoupled or shut down. Particularly suitable is the latter variant for the operating mode of dyeing and dampening unit 305; 306 in the so-called. Blind plate operation, d. H. when the associated forme cylinder 304 or its printing forme does not carry an image to be printed. As a result of the adjustability of the roller 328, a choice is made between direct moisturization in the "three-roller dampening unit" and, depending on the position of roller 317, indirect dampening or direct moisturizing in the "five-roller dampening unit".

In an advantageous embodiment of the inking unit 305 are the one another employed Rolls 313, 314 and 315 arranged to each other such that in Anstelllage connections V1, V2 of the axes of rotation of the rollers 313 and 315, each with the axis of rotation of the roller 314 substantially form a right angle of about 90 °, ie 80 ° <α <100 °, in particular 85 ° <α <95 °. In an advantageous development forms a connection V3 between contact point, z. B. the point of contact of the actuator 312, on the roller 313 with the axis of rotation of the roller 313 also substantially a right angle, ie 80 ° <ß <100 °, in particular 85 ° <ß <95 °, for connecting the axes of rotation of the rollers 313 and 314. The angles α; 3 are oriented in such a way that the three mentioned imaginary connections V1, V2 and V3 together result in a "zig-zag pattern." This arrangement is particularly advantageous with regard to the decoupling of unwanted movements when applying radial forces and with regard to reduced soiling through paint mist.

In an advantageous embodiment, the arrangement of the rollers 313 and 314 is selected such that the axis of rotation of the roller 314 designed as a film roller 314 lies above the axis of rotation of the ductor roller 313. Generally speaking, the arrangement is chosen so that, taking into account the direction of rotation of the rollers 313; 314 the incoming side of the nip is lower than the outgoing side. With this arrangement, a hydrostatic wedge on the incoming side of the nip between the two rollers 313; Avoid 314, which press the rollers 313, 314 apart and can lead to uneven color transfer.

Of particular advantage, the film roller 314 is executed on its lateral surface with a surface structure 344, which only an average bearing surface 346, Σ. B. elevations 346, from 5 to 15%, in particular 5 to 11% in the effective range and intervening recesses 347; 348 has. The stated proportion of the bearing surface 346 on the entire effective lateral surface can in principle be implemented in a very wide variety of ways by evenly distributed recesses, cutouts, etc. of the most varied patterns. Fig. 6 shows schematically a particularly advantageous embodiment of the surface structure 344, which is easy to customize and also shows a favorable behavior with respect to the reception and delivery of the color.

In this case, the surface structure 344 of the film roller 314 consists of two groups of grooves 347 extending in a straight line on the development of the roller 314; 348. The grooves 347; 348 of each groove subgroup parallel to each other and are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the film roll 314. The grooves 347 of the first groove subgroup extend at a wire angle γ, which is in the range of z. B. 20 ° and 40 °, in particular 25 ° and 35 °, is distributed relative to the longitudinal axis of the idler roller 314 over the peripheral surface of the film roller 314. The grooves 348 of the second groove subgroup extend at a Drailwinkel δ in the range of z. B. -25 ° and -35 °, in particular 28 ° and 38 °, relative to the longitudinal axis of the film roller 314. The grooves 347; 348 of the two groove subsets are arranged so that they intersect on the peripheral surface. By the intersecting grooves 347; 348 are between the grooves 347; 348 the diamond-shaped elevations 346 formed.

A depth t347; t348 of the grooves 347; 348 is, at least at its lowest point, advantageously 0.2 to 0.6 mm, the depths t347; t348 of the two grooves 347; 348 are preferably made substantially the same size. A width b347 of the grooves 347 is advantageously 1, 0 to 1, 8 mm, a width b348 of the grooves 348 advantageously 0.7 to 1, 6 mm. The mutually parallel grooves 347; 348 should be spaced apart such that the side lengths of the rhombic bumps 346 on the one, longer side (eg, adjacent to the groove 348) are 0.5 to 1.0 mm, and on the other, shorter side (e.g. adjacent to the groove 347) is 0.4 to 0.7 mm.

The production of the grooves 347; 348 is carried out in an advantageous embodiment by removal of surface material 349, z. B. by milling. Preferably, they essentially have a circular arc section-shaped cross-section. This circular arc section again for the wider grooves 347 z. Example, a radius in the range between about 0.6 and 1, 0 mm, for the narrower grooves 348 between 0.4 and 0.8 mm. The grooves of the grooves 347 running on the lateral surface are then for example at a distance a347 of the center lines of 1.85 to 2.45 mm, the grooves of the grooves 348 for example at a distance a348 of the center lines of 1.35 to 1.95 mm performed. The surface material 349 is, for example, as a plastic (for example polyamide), in particular as a sintered-coated plastic on a metallic roller base body 351, for. B. a metal pipe, not shown, with a preferred wall thickness of 7.0 to 12 mm executed. A thickness d349 (unhurt, ie in the region of the elevation 346) of the surface material 349 is advantageously 0.8 to 1.2 mm.

The inking unit 305 advantageously has, in addition to the mentioned rollers 313 to 325, at least one further roller 326, by means of which ink can be removed from the inking unit 305 in the ink path, in particular in front of the first distribution cylinder 316. This takes place by means of this roller 326 itself, or, as shown, on a roller 327 which cooperates with it, a corresponding removal device 333 can be set (FIG. 3).

Fig. 7 shows the removal device 333 as it cooperates with the roller 327 (also possible roller 326, but adapted to the direction of rotation). Over the length of the roller 327 are a plurality of z. B. as stripping elements 334 executed sections 334, z. B. stripping elements 334.1 to 334.10, to the lateral surface adjustable. In particular, the removal device 333 has at least one such stripping element 334, at least in one edge region of the roller 327. In the region of a central zone 340 (inactive zone 340) of the roller 327 z. B. no stripping elements 334 provided. In a variant which is not shown, stripping elements 334 may also be provided in the zone 340, which, however, are adjusted or set as required such that they do not come into contact with the jacket surface when the removal device 333 is started. Depending on the on or off of one or more stripping elements 334, in particular in the edge region, can be taken in the corresponding portion of the roller 327 color and z. B. collected in a container 336 and recycled in a further development of the ink supply. This section represents a zone 331, in particular contact zone 331, which is active with respect to the color removal. The roller 327 thus becomes colored in this section of the roller 315, and thus also approximately in the subsequent ink path up to the forme cylinder 304 (partly also via reverse coloring) withdrawn (sink). By placing certain stripping elements 334 from the respective edge section of the roller 327, a color flow in the inking unit 305 can thus be reduced to a web width b; b 'of the web B to be printed; B 'are set in the embodiment of FIG. 7 from each edge region of the roller 327 forth each one group of several stripping elements 334, here five stripping 334.1 to 334.5 and 334.6 to 334.10, substantially flush next to each other then juxtaposed. Between the two groups, a section (corresponding to a minimum width b 'of a web B' to be printed) without stripping elements 334 may be provided.

The stripping elements 334 are arranged in the embodiment of FIG. 7 on a common spindle 337 and are by pivoting the spindle 337 by means of a drive 338, here on both sides depending on a pressure actuated cylinder 338 on or off. The definition of the effective stripping elements 334 takes place here via the manual placement of knives 339 via respective adjusting means 341, z. B. Lever mechanisms 341. The placement of the knife 339 can in an advantageous development, however, also by individual drives, for example by means of small Druckmitteizylinder, magnetic, piezoelectric or motor, take place. Advantageous here are remotely operated drives, for example, from a control room and / or a machine control ago.

In one embodiment, not shown, the stripping elements 334 are not turned on or off altogether, but a place is done for each stripping element 334 individually, z. B. by individual drives, for example by means of small Druckmitteizylinder, magnetic, piezoelectric or motor. Of advantage here are remote-operated drives, for example, from a control room and / or a machine control ago.

In connection with the variant or design with remotely operable drives, a procedure described below in the setting of the inking unit 305 is advantageous: when adjusting the color flow to the product and / or the width b; b 'of the web B to be printed; B ', the ink flow from the ink fountain 311 into the inking unit 305 is made zone by zone by setting passage gaps between the ink fountain 311 and the first roller 313 (Fig. 8). This is done z. B. remotely operated by placing colorimeters 343 by means not shown in Fig. 8 drives. If a centrally running web B 'printed, which is only partially wide, z. B. basically each side of the roller 313 at least one of the color meter 343 closed. The number of basically due to the web width to be closed color meter 343 depends on the width b; b 'of the web B; B '. In addition, of course, depending on the print image, i. H. from the color requirement in the respective zones of the area to be printed, color meter be closed.

The width of the web B; B 'dependent basic setting is now made in an advantageous embodiment by the machine control automatically in response to the web width to be printed. This information is z. In the product information and / or reel changer 100. The information about the web width or the information about closed color meter 343 is now used to control the above drives for the individually operable stripping elements 334 or knife 339. Based on this information, the wiper elements 334 or knife 339 to be closed are determined and the corresponding drives are activated. The control of colorimeters 343 on one side and the knife 339 or stripping elements 334 on the other side may be based on common information - e.g. B. over the web width - also done in parallel. The cylinders 303; 304 and rolls 313 to 330 of dyeing and dampening unit 305; 306 are each frontally in or on side frames 352; 353 or frame walls 352; 353 stored (see Fig. 9). 9, however, only the rollers 329 and 330 are shown in FIG. 9 with their attachment and drive mimics described in greater detail below, as well as the main drive 354 of the printing unit 300, which is also explained below.

One of the frame walls 352; 353, in particular that on the side of the main drive 354, is one or more parts designed such that a lockable cavity 356, z. B. lubricant space 356, can be formed, which extends at least over an area, the front side all cylinders 303; 304 and rotatably driven rollers covered. As shown schematically in FIG. 10, a detachable cover 357 for the cavity 356 is provided on the front side. The other frame wall 352 forms with a detachable, front side arranged cover 358 a cavity 359, in which u.a. the switching and control devices 361 (dashed), z. B. in the form of a cabinet 361, the printing unit 300 are housed. The frontal arrangement of the switching and control devices 361, in contrast to the arrangement between the printing units 300 gives the advantage that the space between two printing units 300 can be walked on from both sides. One operating page of the printing press is thus freely selectable. This is further supported by the fact that a longitudinal cross-piece 362 connecting the printing units 300 can optionally be arranged on the frame wall 352 or 353.

A longitudinal cross-piece 362 connecting the printing units 300 is attached to one of the frame walls 352; 353, z. B. optionally, arranged.

On the cylinders 303; 304 facing side, the frame walls 352; 353 each one from the flight of the respective frame wall 352; 353 outstanding approach 363 on. The projection 363 is advantageously integral with the side frame 352; 353 formed and is preferably produced in the production in a mold as so-called. Sprue 363. The sprue 363 points through it and the flight of the frame wall 352; 353 reaching holes for receiving bearings, not shown. The sprue 363 extends, in particular contiguous, over the frontal region of the forming and transfer cylinder 303; 304, but not over the frontal areas of iridescent and / or changeable dyeing or dampening rollers.

The rollers 329 and 330 are inside on the frame walls 352; 353, z. In levers 364; 366 about a pivot axis S329 parallel to the respective axis of rotation; S330 pivotally mounted (see Fig. 11). However, they can also be stored in eccentric bushes. For example, one of the rollers 329; 330, in particular roller 330, in eccentric bushes and the other, in particular roller 329, then in levers 364; Be stored 366.

In a preferred embodiment, the pivot axis S329 coincides with the axis of rotation of the roller 330 and is moved along with pivoting of the lever 364 with the roller 330. The pivot axis S330 of the roller 330 is fixed to the frame. Also with the respective lever 364; 366 connected and with the respective roller 329; 330 is moved per roller 329; 330 a rotary single drive 367; 368, in particular a drive motor 367; 368, provided which z. B. via a corner or bevel gear 369; 371 (see FIG. 12) the respective roller 329; 330 mechanically independently rotatably drives individually. The drive motor 367; 368 is preferably as with respect to the speed controllable (in particular continuously) electric motor 367; 368, in particular three-phase motor 367; 368 executed. The setting of the speeds or the humidification can advantageously from the control center, z. B. from the color control desk, where it is displayed. In a preferred embodiment, the machine control is a correlation between machine speed and dampening or speed deposited by which the speed of the two rollers 329; 330, in particular the roller 330, can be predetermined. The lever 366 of the roller 330 may have an adjustable stop 365, by means of which it is supported in an adjusting position of the dampening unit 306 against a stop 370 of the roller 329 which cooperates with the applicator drum 328.

The respective lever 364; 366 is driven by a drive 372; 373, in particular pressurizable cylinders 372; 373, swiveling. The rollers 329; 330 are preferably on both sides in corresponding levers 364; 366 each with drives 372; 373 for the pivoting movement on the two frame walls 352; 353 stored (see Fig. 11).

The roller 329 has on the end opposite the rotary drive a traverse drive 374, in particular a gear 374 for generating an axial traversing movement from the rotational movement. This gear 374 is preferably arranged outside the roller body in order to avoid selective generation of frictional heat in the roller 329. In an advantageous embodiment, the gear 374 is on the drive side of the printing unit 300, ie in the same frame wall 353 as the main drive 354 and / or a drive train of the printing cylinder, the rotary drive of the rollers 329 and 330, however, on the opposite side, ie in Area of the frame wall 352. If the cavity 356 is designed as a lubricant chamber 356, so the transmission 374 may be arranged as an open, not specially lubricated transmission 374 in this. The roller 329 is on the side remote from the transmission 374 on a with the motor shaft via the corner gear 369 and an angle-compensating coupling 375, z. B. a curved tooth coupling, and a shaft 376 via z. B. as a bearing 377, in particular thrust bearing, trained coupling means 377 mounted so that a rotational movement transmitted, however, an axial movement of the roller 329 relative to the shaft 376 is possible (Fig. 13). The bearing 377 is advantageously designed as a torque transmitting ball bushing, wherein balls z. B. run both in longitudinal grooves of the shaft 376 and bearing body, a torque transferred, but keep the bearing body axially movable relative to the shaft 376. The bearing body is, for example, secured against rotation with the roller body of the roller 329.

14 shows an advantageous embodiment of the transmission 374 in the region of the other end side of the roller 329, which is fundamentally designed based on the function of a cam mechanism with a curved circumferential groove 400 and an engaging stop 401. An outer sleeve 378 with internal teeth is fixedly connected to the lever 364 and carries the stop 401 (or the groove 400). Via a flexible but torsionally rigid connection 379 (articulated or flexible) is an inner sleeve 381, which carries the groove 400 (or the stopper 401), connected to a toothed ring 380 with external teeth. The toothed ring 380 is rotatably mounted on an eccentric 382, which is torsionally rigid but eccentric to the axis of rotation of the roller 329 via a shaft 385 connected thereto. As the roller 329 rotates, the eccentric 382 revolves and rolls the toothed ring 380 in the lever-fixed internal toothing, with the inner sleeve 381 being set in rotation with respect to the lever-fixed outer sleeve 378. A reduction ratio between the rotation of the roller 329 and the inner sleeve 381 is determined by the teeth ratio between the inner teeth and the toothed ring 380. The forced by the curve of the groove 400 axial movement of the inner sleeve 381 is transmitted to the roller 329 as a traversing movement on the compressible and tensile connection 379, a compressible and tensile bearing between eccentric 382 and ring gear 380 and the shaft 385.

That to the arrangement of the iridescent roller 329 or the roller 330 in levers 364; 366, the rotary single drive above the lever 364; 366 associated drive motors 367; 368 possibly via corner gear 369; 371 and in the case of traversing the arrangement of drive motor 367; 368 and traversing gear 374 on the described sides of the machine can be transferred in the same way to one or more of the rollers of the inking unit 305 and should also be understood. As can already be seen in FIG. 9, the drive of the cylinders 303 takes place; 304 of the printing unit 300 via a main drive 354, z. B. a frame-fixed electric motor 354, in particular via a respect to its angular position adjustable electric motor 354, which is advantageously carried out water-cooled. In Fig. 15, the arrangement of the drive is viewed from the frame wall 353 ago outwardly. The electric motor 354 drives with its not visible in Fig. 15 pinion 383 (dashed arrow) not directly on a drive wheel 386; 387 one of the cylinders 303; 304, but via an intermediate gear 384. The idler 384 is mounted in a lever 388, which is mounted pivotably about a rotation axis R383 of the pinion 383 in principle. With fixed position of the electric motor 354 with respect to the frame wall 353 of the frame can be done for different sized printing units 300 in a simple manner to adapt to different cylinder circumferences (and thus different circumferences of the drive wheels 386, 387). Depending on the format of the printing unit 300, the lever 388 is pivoted during assembly so that the intermediate gear 384 in optimal engagement with the respective drive wheel 386; 387 stands. Advantageously, fixing elements 389, z. B. Bolt 389 and corresponding, not shown bores (on the drive unit and / or in the frame wall 353) is provided, by means of which the aligned lever 388 can be fixed after assembly in the relevant position with respect to the frame wall 353 and / or the electric motor 354. Preferably, in the manufacture of the components in the factory already prepared for the relevant format holes are prepared. In a printing unit 300 or printing machine for a first format (section length a), the lever 388 is fixed in a different angular position relative to the vertical than in a printing unit 300 or printing machine for a second format (section length a), wherein the electric motor 354 its position with respect to the frame wall 353.

Basically, the drive from the idler 384 to any of the drive wheels 386; 387 done. Preferably, however, the drive is initially on the drive wheel 387 one of the two forme cylinder 304. From there, on the drive wheel 386 of assigned Ubertragungszylinder 303, from there to the other transfer cylinder

303 and ultimately driven onto the second forme cylinder 304. The drive wheels 386; 387 are rotatable, z. B. via pins, with the respective cylinder 303; 304 connected. By means of further drive wheels 391 connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the two forme cylinders 304, the rotary drive is effected on one or more rollers 313 to 327 of the associated inking unit 305. Advantageously, the friction cylinders 316; 321; 324 rotationally driven via a positive drive connection, the ductor roller 313 has its own rotary drive, for. B. a separate, mechanically independent drive motor, not shown, on. The remaining rollers 314; 315; 317 to 320, 322; 323 and 325 to 327 of the inking unit 305 are rotationally driven only via friction (and optionally axially, see above).

From the drive wheel 391 is advantageously via an intermediate 392 on drive wheels 393; 394 of the two distribution cylinders 321; 324 driven (Fig. 16). The idler gear 392 is preferably designed to be engaged or disengageable, so that the corresponding drive train and the forme cylinder 304 are mechanically separated from one another (the unillustrated drive train in the lower printing unit 301 takes place correspondingly). From the drive wheel 393 of the friction cylinder 324 is driven via a further intermediate gear 395 to a drive wheel 396 of the friction cylinder 316. The drive or intermediate wheels 392 to 396 are preferably designed as gears 392 to 396. The drive connections are designed such that an axial movement of the distribution cylinders 316; 321; 324 is possible.

As indicated in FIG. 3 and already mentioned above, the printing unit 301 in an advantageous embodiment in each case the device 307 for - at least partially automated - change a printing plate 310 on the associated form cylinder

304 on. The device is designed in two parts and has one in the region of a Nippstelle between form and transfer cylinder 303; 304 arranged Andrückvorrichtung 397, also called "Wechselhalbautomat" 397, and one of them structurally separate magazine 398 with feeding and receiving means for the printing plates 310 on.

Furthermore, in an advantageous development, the printing unit 300 has a device for influencing the fan-out effect 399, ie for influencing a change in the transverse extent / width of the web B from printing location to printing location caused, for example, by the printing process (in particular the moisture). For this purpose, at least one nozzle is arranged on a truss in such a way that from her escaping gas, in particular air, on the web B; B 'is directed. The web B; B 'is more or less wavy when passing through this area, depending on the magnitude of the current, resulting in a correction of the width b; b 'and the lateral alignment of each sub-area of the printed image result.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 unit, reel handling, reel splicer

200 unit, infeed mechanism

300 unit, printing unit, double printing unit, I-unit

301 printing unit, offset printing unit

302 roller

303 cylinder, printing cylinder, transfer cylinder

304 cylinder, printing cylinder, form cylinder

305 inking unit

306 dampening unit

307 devices for semi or fully automatic plate feeding

308 guide element

309 washing device

310 printing form

311 ink feed, ink fountain

312 adjusting device

313 roller, ductor roller

314 roller, film roller

315 roller, ink roller

316 roller, distribution cylinder

317 roller, ink roller

318 roller, ink roller

319 roller, ink roller

320 roller, ink roller

321 roller, distribution cylinder

322 roller, applicator roller

323 roller, applicator roller

324 roller, distribution cylinder 325 roller, applicator roller

326 roller

327 roller

328 roller, applicator roller

329 Roller, rubbing roller, chrome roller

330 roller, diver roller

331 contact zone, effective zone

332 dampening solution supply

333 removal device

334 section, wiper element

335 pot plate

336 containers

337 spindle

338 drive, cylinder

339 knives

340 ineffective zone

341 adjusting means, lever mechanism

342 -

343 color knife

344 Surface structure

345 -

346 Surface, survey

347 recess, groove

348 recess, groove

349 surface material

350 -

351 roller body

352 side frame, frame wall

353 side frame, frame wall 354 Main drive, electric motor, adjustable

355 -

356 cavity, lubricant space

357 cover

358 cover

359 cavity

360 -

361 switching and control devices, control cabinet

362 longitudinal beam

363 approach, sprue

364 lever

365 stop (366)

366 lever

367 single drive, drive motor, three-phase motor

368 single drive, drive motor, three-phase motor

369 corner or angular gear

370 stop (366)

371 corner or angular gear

372 drive, cylinder

373 drive, cylinder

374 gearbox, traversing drive

375 clutch

376 wave

377 bearings, coupling agents

378 rifle

379 connection, flexible but torsionally rigid

380 toothed ring

381 rifle

382 eccentric 383 pinion

384 intermediate wheel

385 wave

386 drive wheel

387 drive wheel

388 lever

389 fixation item bolt

390 -

391 drive wheel

392 Between the wheel and the gear

393 Drive wheel, gear

394 drive wheel, gear

395 idler gear

396 Drive wheel, gear

397 Pressing device, half automatic change machine

398 magazine

399 Device for influencing the fan-out effect

400 groove

401 stop

402 to 449 -

450 unit, coating unit

500 unit, dryer

600 unit, cooling unit

700 unit, superstructure

800 unit, folder

900 unit, sheeter, plano jib

334.1 Scraper element

334.2 Scraper element 334.3 Scraper element

334.4 Scraper element

334.5 Scraper element

334.6 Scraper element

334.7 Scraper element

334.8 Scraper element

334.9 Scraper element

334.1C I stripping element

a section length s length

b width (B) b 'width (B')

B train, paper web

B 'train, paper web

T transport direction

R383 rotation axis

5329 pivot axis

5330 swivel axis

V1 connection

V2 connection

V3 connection a347 distance a348 distance

b347 width b348 width

d349 strength

t347 depth t348 depth

α angle ß angle γ helix angle δ helix angle

Claims

claims

A roller (329, 316, 321, 324) of a dyeing or dampening unit (305, 306), which is axially movable by a traversing drive (374) and has a rotary single drive (367, 368) designed as a drive motor (367, 368). to the rotary drive thereof, characterized in that the roller (329; 316; 321; 324) is movably mounted in a direction perpendicular to its axis of rotation and that the drive motor (367; 368) together with the changeable roller (329; 316; 321 324) is movably arranged.

2. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller (329; 316; 321; 324) is respectively mounted in front of pivotable levers (364; 366), and that the drive motor (367 368) on one of the levers (364; 366) and is pivotable together with the changeable roller (329; 316; 321; 324).

3. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1, characterized in that the traversing drive (374) is arranged on the end of the roller (329; 316; 321; 324) opposite the rotary drive.

4. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1, characterized in that a coaxial drive shaft (376) of the rotary drive is arranged fixed in the axial direction, and a coupling means (377) is provided, which transmits a torque from the Drive shaft (376) ensures the roll body, however, allows an axial relative movement between the roll body and the drive shaft (376).

5. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller (329; 316; 321; 324) is mounted in each end face in eccentric bushes and the drive motor (367; 368) on one of the pivotable eccentric bushes is arranged.

6. roller (329; 316; 321; 324) of a dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) which is axially movable by a traversing drive (374) and rotatable by a drive arranged on the opposite end face, characterized in that a coaxial Drive shaft (376) of the rotary drive is arranged fixed in the axial direction, and a coupling means (377) is provided which ensures a torque transmission from the drive via the stationary drive shaft (376) on the roll body, an axial relative movement between the roll body and drive shaft (376) however allowed.

7. Roller (329; 330, 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the rotary drive as mechanically independent of other rollers or cylinders drive motor (367; 368) is executed.

8. Roller (329; 330, 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the rotary drive via a corner or angular gear (369; 371) takes place.

9. Roller (329; 330, 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the rotary drive via an angle compensating coupling (375) takes place.

10. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the traversing drive (374) is arranged outside the roller body.

11. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the traversing drive (374) is designed as a transmission (374) generating an axial traversing motion from the rotational movement.

12. Roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 11, characterized in that the transmission (374) as an open, not self-lubricated transmission (374) in common with at least one drive wheel (386; 387) of a printing unit cylinder (303; 304) in a cavity (356) designed as a lubricant space (356).

A roller (329; 316; 321; 324) according to claim 11, characterized in that the traversing drive (374) is formed as a cam gear and that between the roller (329; 316; 321; 324) and the rotating part of the cam gear a reduction gear is arranged.

A roller (329; 316; 321; 324) as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the gear member carrying the cam is rotating in operation and the gear member carrying the cooperating stop is fixed to the frame.

15. Dyeing or dampening unit (305, 306) with two rollers (329, 330) which cooperate in a pressure-on position, characterized in that the two rollers (329, 330) are pivotably arranged and that the pivoting axis (S329) the first roller (329) coincides with the axis of rotation of the second roller (330).

16. Dyeing or dampening unit (305, 306) according to claim 15, characterized in that the two rollers (329, 330) are each mounted on the front side in levers (364, 366), and in that a pivot axis (S329) of the lever (364 ) of the first roller (329) coincides with the axis of rotation of the second roller (330).

17. Dyeing or dampening unit (305, 306) according to claim 15, characterized in that at least one of the two rollers (329, 330) are mounted in eccentric bushes.

18. Dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) according to claim 16, characterized in that the levers (364) of the first roller (329) are articulated on the levers (366) of the second roller (330).

19. Dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) according to claim 16, characterized in that the lever (364; 366) of the second roller (330) has an adjustable stop (365), by means of which it adjusts itself in the setting position of the dampening unit (306 ) is supported on a stop (370) of a mandrel (328) which cooperates with the first roller (329).

20. dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) according to claim 15, characterized in that the second roller (330) is associated with an adjusting device, which allows a diagonal adjustment of its axis of rotation with respect to the axis of rotation of the first roller (329).

21. dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) according to claim 15, characterized in that the first roller (329) as an iridescent roller (329) according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 is executed.

22. Dyeing or dampening unit (305, 306) according to claim 15, characterized in that the second roller (330) has its own drive motor (368, 367) for rotational drive.

23. Roller (329) according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) according to one or more of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the first roller (329; 316; 321; 324 ) is designed as a rubbing roller (329) of a dampening unit (306).

24. dyeing or dampening unit (305; 306) according to claim 15 to 23, characterized in that the second roller (330) as a fountain roller (330) of a dampening unit (306) is executed.