EP1641720A2 - Substrat revetu d'une couche dielectrique et procede et installation pour sa fabrication - Google Patents
Substrat revetu d'une couche dielectrique et procede et installation pour sa fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1641720A2 EP1641720A2 EP04767496A EP04767496A EP1641720A2 EP 1641720 A2 EP1641720 A2 EP 1641720A2 EP 04767496 A EP04767496 A EP 04767496A EP 04767496 A EP04767496 A EP 04767496A EP 1641720 A2 EP1641720 A2 EP 1641720A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- ion beam
- layer
- dielectric layer
- deposited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/225—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
- C03C17/2456—Coating containing TiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3613—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/metal/inorganic compound/metal/other
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3652—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
- C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
- C23C14/0047—Activation or excitation of reactive gases outside the coating chamber
- C23C14/0052—Bombardment of substrates by reactive ion beams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/086—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3435—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering
- C23C14/3442—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering using an ion beam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5826—Treatment with charged particles
- C23C14/5833—Ion beam bombardment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/28—Other inorganic materials
- C03C2217/281—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/78—Coatings specially designed to be durable, e.g. scratch-resistant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
- C03C2218/154—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
- C03C2218/154—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
- C03C2218/155—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering by reactive sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2211/00—Plasma display panels with alternate current induction of the discharge, e.g. AC-PDPs
- H01J2211/20—Constructional details
- H01J2211/34—Vessels, containers or parts thereof, e.g. substrates
- H01J2211/44—Optical arrangements or shielding arrangements, e.g. filters or lenses
- H01J2211/446—Electromagnetic shielding means; Antistatic means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of thin layer coatings based on a dielectric, in particular of the metal oxide, nitride or oxynitride type, deposited on transparent substrates, in particular in glass using a vacuum deposition technique.
- the invention relates to a coated substrate, a manufacturing method, a manufacturing installation and the application of the substrate and / or of the method for producing glazings and in particular double glazing or laminated glazing comprising at least one substrate according to the invention. invention.
- a thin layer or a stack of thin layers is usually deposited on at least one of the substrates which compose them, in order to give the glazing optical properties, for example anti reflective, infrared properties (low emissivity) and / or electrical conduction properties.
- Layers based on dielectric oxide and / or nitride are frequently used, for example on either side of a layer of silver or layer of doped metal oxide, or as an interference layer in alternating stacks of dielectrics with low and high refractive index.
- the layers deposited by cathode sputtering are reputed to be a little less resistant chemically and mechanically than the layers deposited by seeing pyrolytic.
- the experimental technique for assisting deposition by ion beams has been developed, in which a layer is bombarded with an ion beam, for example oxygen or argon, which makes it possible to increase the compactness and the adhesion of the layer to the carrier substrate.
- an ion beam for example oxygen or argon
- This technique has long been applicable only to very small substrates, given the problems posed in particular in terms of convergence between on the one hand the ion beam coming from a very localized source and on the other hand the particles from the target's evaporation or spraying.
- Document EP 601 928 describes a treatment of the deposited layer sequentially, by first depositing a layer in a spray enclosure, then bombarding this dielectric layer after its deposit with an ion beam " low energy "from a point source, having a energy making it possible to limit the spraying of the layer under the impact of the ions of the beam, typically less than 500 eV and of the order of a hundred eV.
- This treatment essentially aims to increase the physical and / or chemical durability of the layer, by densification of the layer, and makes it possible to achieve a lower surface roughness of the layer, promoting the subsequent "lapping" of a layer deposited subsequently. above.
- This treatment nevertheless has the disadvantage of being able to be operated only on a completely deposited layer.
- Another drawback of this treatment is that it allows only a densification of the layer thus treated and that this densification causes an increase in the refractive index of the layer thus treated.
- the layers thus treated cannot therefore replace the untreated layers, because of their different optical properties, and require that the layer systems in which the material must be included be completely redefined.
- this treatment is not optimized to be operated on a large substrate, for example for the production of architectural glazing.
- this process is not at all compatible with the sputtering process, in particular assisted by magnetic field and preferably reactive in the presence of oxygen and / or nitrogen, in particular due to very different working pressures; at the time of this invention, the ion sources operated at pressures 10 to 100 times lower than the pressures used for sputtering processes, in particular assisted by magnetic field and preferably reactive in the presence of oxygen and / or nitrogen . More recently, ion sources have been developed which are better compatible with a sputtering layer deposition method, by solving in particular the problem of convergence of the particle beams and by improving the adequacy between the size and the geometry of one part from the cathode and the other from the ion source.
- the invention is based on the fact that thin dielectric and in particular oxide and / or nitride layers can be deposited with exposure to an ion beam e controlling the conditions so that the material of the final layer has a better crystallization ta , much higher than the crystallization rate of the material deposited da conventional conditions, that is to say without subjecting the layer to at least u ion beam.
- the subject of the invention is a substrate, in particular glassmaking, according to claim 1.
- the substrate according to the invention is coated with at least one thin dielectric layer, deposited by sputtering, in particular assisted by magnetic field and preferably reactive.
- the dielectric layer deposited with exposure to the ion beam is crystallized.
- crystallized is meant the fact that at least 30% of the material constituting the dielectric layer exposed to the ion beam is crystallized and that the size of the crystallites is detectable by X-ray diffraction, that is to say ie, has a diameter greater than a few nanometers.
- the ion beam used to implement the present invention is said to be “high energy” typically having an energy of the order of several hundred e to several thousand eV.
- the parameters are controlled so that the dielectric layer deposited on the substrate by sputtering with ion beam exposure has a very low roughness.
- very low roughness is meant the fact that the dielectric layer exposed to the ion beam has a roughness at least 20%, and preferably at least 50%, less than that of the same dielectric layer not exposed to beam ion.
- the dielectric layer exposed to the ion beam can thus have a roughness of less than 0J nm for a thickness of 10 nm.
- the parameters can also be controlled so that the layer has an index much lower or much higher than the index of a layer deposited without an ion beam, but which can also be close to the index of a layer. deposited without an ion beam.
- a "neighboring" index deviates from the reference value of the order of at most 5%.
- the invention can also make it possible to create an index gradient in the deposited layer.
- Said layer thus presents, in a variant, a gradient of index adjusted according to parameters of the ion source.
- the density of the dielectric layer deposited on the substrate by sputtering with exposure to the ion beam can be kept at an identical near value.
- a "near" density value exceeds the reference value of the order of 10% at most.
- the invention applies in particular to the production of a dielectric layer of metal or silicon oxide, stoichiometric or not, or of nitride oxynitride of metal or silicon.
- the dielectric layer may be made of oxide of at least one element.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the layer can be obtained from a cathode of a doped metal, that is to say containing a minority element: by way of illustration, it is common to use zinc cathodes containing a minor proportion of another metal such as aluminum or gallium.
- zinc oxide is understood to mean that a zinc oxide which may contain a minor proportion of another metal is the same for the other oxides mentioned.
- a layer of zinc oxide deposited according to the invention p has a crystallization rate greater than 90% and in particular greater than 95 and an RMS roughness less than 1.5 nm and in particular of the order of 1 nm.
- This zinc oxide layer deposited according to the invention may have a refractive index capable of being adjusted to a value less than or equal to 1, in particular of the order of 1.35 to 1.95. Its density can be maintained at a value close to 5.3 g / cm 3 and in particular at a value of the order of 5.3 g / cm 3 +/- 0.2 identical to the density of a layer of ZnO deposited at low pressure which is around 5.3 g / cm 3 .
- Zinc oxide layers having a refractive index adjusted to a value less than 1.88 and close to this value can be obtained by adjusting the conditions of sputtering (in particular the oxygen content of the atmosphere) so to deviate slightly from the stoichiometry of the oxide oxide so as to compensate for the impact of the ion bombardment.
- the dielectric layer can also be made of silicon nitride or oxynitride. Such layers of dielectric nitride can be obtained by regulating the conditions of sputtering (in particular the nitrogen content of the atmosphere) so as to deviate slightly from the stoichiometry of the targeted nitride so as to compensate for the impact of the bombardment of ion.
- the ion beam has the effect of improving the mechanical properties of the dielectric layer.
- quantities of bombarded species (s) are introduced into the layer, in a proportion which depends on the nature of the gas mixture at the source and on the source / cathode / substrate configuration.
- a layer deposited by bombardment with a beam of argo ions may comprise argon in a content of the order of 0.2 to 0.6 atomic% - in particular about 0.45%.
- the deposition parameters in particular the transport speed of the substrate ) are adjusted for avoi r u iron content less than 1 atomic%. Thanks to the maintenance of usual optical characteristics, it is very easy to incorporate the dielectric layers thus obtained in known stacks for the manufacture of so-called functional glazing, in particular using a metallic functional layer based on silver.
- Specific stacks can be designed incorporating a dielectric of index adjusted to a value different from the standard.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a substrate coated with a stack of layers in which a silver layer is disposed above said dielectric layer exposed to the ion beam. At least another dielectric layer can then be placed above this silver layer.
- This configuration proves to be particularly advantageous when the lower dielectric layer is based on zinc oxide and / or tin because they give rise to a growth of the silver layer on the particularly well oriented oxide layer, with improved final performance. It is known that the presence of a zinc oxide layer under the silver significantly influences the quality of said silver layer. The formation of the silver layer on the zinc oxide layer deposited according to the invention provides a quite remarkable improvement.
- the invention also relates to a method according to the invention improving the crystallization of a silver layer deposited on a dielectric layer, in particular on a dielectric layer based on zinc oxide according to which said deposit is deposited. dielectric layer on the substrate by sputtering, in particular assisted by magnetic field and preferably reactive
- At least one functional layer in particular silver-based, is deposited on said dielectric layer and crystallization of said functional layer is carried out.
- the stack can comprise at least two layers of silver, or even three or four layers of silver.
- Examples of stacking which can be produced according to the invention include the sequence of the following layers: ... ZnO (l) / Ag / oxide such as ZnO ... ... Si 3 N 4 / ZnO (i) / Ag / oxide such as ZnO ...
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a substrate t as described above, that is to say a method of depositing a stack, in which at least one dielectric layer is deposited on the substrate by cathodic sputtering. , in particular assisted by a magnetic field and preferably reactivated in the presence of oxygen and / or nitrogen, in a spray enclosure, with exposure to at least one ion beam from an ion source.
- the ion beam is created from a linear source and the refractive index of said dielectric layer exposed to the ion beam can be adjusted as a function of parameters of the ion source.
- the refractive index of the dielectric layer exposed to the ion beam can thus be lowered or increased compared to the index of this layer deposited without an ion beam.
- the dielectric materials capable of being deposited whatever the index modification carried out, o retains the density of the dielectric layer deposited on the substrate by sputtering with exposure to the ion beam.
- the exposure to the ion beam is carried out in the spray enclosure simultaneously and / or successively with the deposition of the layer by spraying.
- Simultaneously is meant the fact that the material constituting the dielectric thin layer undergoes the effects of the ion beam while it is not yet completely deposited, that is to say that it has not not yet reached its final thickness.
- the position of the ionic source (s) is preferably optimized so that the maximum density of sprayed particles from the target is juxtaposed with the (or the ion beam (s).
- an oxygen ion beam is created with a very predominant oxygen atmosphere, in particular 100% oxygen.
- the atmosphere at the spray cathode is preferably composed of 100% argon
- the exposure to the ion beam takes place simultaneously with deposition of the layer by spraying. This effect, it is not necessary to limit the energy of the ions as in the prior art; on the contrary, it is advantageous to create a beam of ions of energy between 200 and 2000 eV, see between 500 and 5000 eV, especially from 500 to 3000 eV.
- This angle can be of the order of 10 to 80 ° relative to the normal to the substrate, measured for example vertically from the center of the cathode, and in particular vertically from the axis of the cathode when it is cylindrical .
- the ion beam from the sourc is juxtaposed with the "race track" of the target created by the spraying, that is to say that the centers of the two beams, coming respectively from the cathode and the ion source come together on the surface of the substrate.
- the ion beam can also be used outside the race track and oriented towards the cathode, to increase the rate of use of the target (ablation).
- the ion beam can then be oriented on the spray cathode at an angle of +/- 10 to 80 ° relative to normal to the substrate passing through the center of the cathode, and in particular by the axis of the cathode when 'it is cylindrical.
- the source distance is to say that the centers of the two beams, coming respectively from the cathode and the ion source come together on the surface of the substrate.
- the ion beam can also be used outside the race track and oriented towards the cathode, to increase the rate of use of the target (ablation).
- Substrate in a sequential or simultaneous configuration, is from 5 to 25 cm, preferably from 10 cm +/- 5 cm.
- the ion source can be positioned before or after the spray cathode depending on the direction of travel of the substrate (i.e. the angle between the ion source and the cathode or the substrate is respectively negative or positive with respect to normal to the substrate passing through the center of the cathode).
- an ion beam is created in the spray enclosure from a linear ion source simultaneously with the deposition of the layer by spraying, then an additional treatment of the deposited layer is carried out with at least another ion beam.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a view in longitudinal section of an installation according to the invention.
- a stack of thin layers is usually deposited on a substrate comprising at least one functional layer.
- this (or these) functional layer (s) in particular is (or are) based on silver, it is necessary to deposit a silver layer (thickness between 8 and 15 nm) whose electronic resistivity and / or normal emissivity are minimal.
- the silver film must be deposited on an oxide sublayer: (i) of perfectly crystallized zinc (wurtzite phase) with a preferential orientation constituted by the basal planes (planes 0002) parallel to the substrate, (ii) perfectly smooth (minimum roughness).
- a zinc oxide layer 40 nm thick is applied to a glass substrate using an installation (10) illustrated in FIG. 1.
- This deposition installation includes an enclosure spraying (2) under vacuum in which the substrate (1) runs on conveying means not illustrated here, in the direction and direction illustrated by the arrow F.
- This installation (2) comprises a cathodic spraying system (5) assisted by magnetic field.
- This system comprises at least one cylindrical rotary cathode (but it could also be planar), which extends substantially over the entire width of the substrate, the axis of the cathode being disposed substantially parallel to the substrate.
- This sputtering system (5) is positioned at a height H5 of 265 mm above the substrate.
- the material extracted from the cathode of the spraying system is projected towards the substrate substantially in a beam (6).
- the installation (2) also comprises a linear ion source (4) emitting an ion beam (3), which also extends substantially over the entire width of the substrate.
- This linear ion source (4) is positioned at a distance L4 of 170 mm from the axis of the cathode, before the cathode with regard to the direction of travel of the substrate, at a height H4 of 120 mm above the substrate.
- the ion beam (3) is oriented at an angle A relative to the vertical to the substrate passing through the axis of the cathode.
- This deposition is carried out by a known sputtering technique on the substrate (1) which passes through a sputtering enclosure (2) in front of a rotary type cathode, based on Zn containing approximately 2% by weight of aluminum in an atmosphere. containing argon and oxygen.
- the running speed is at least 1 m / min.
- the deposition conditions reported in Table 1a below are adapted to create a layer of slightly stoichiometric zinc oxide with an index of 1.88 (whereas a layer of stoichiometric ZnO has an index of 1.93- 1, 95).
- This layer is analyzed by X-ray reflectometry to determine its density, thickness and by X-ray diffraction to determine its crystallinity.
- the size of the crystallites is deduced from the diffraction spectrum by the classical Scherrer formula and using the fundamental parameters. Light transmission through the substrate, light reflection from the substrate and resistance per square are also measured. The measured values are reported in Table 1b below.
- Example 1 In this example, a zinc oxide layer 40 nm thick is applied according to the invention on a glass substrate.
- This deposition is carried out by sputtering on the substrate which passes through the same sputtering enclosure as in reference example 1 in an atmosphere at the sputtering cathode containing only argon.
- a linear ion source arranged in the spray chamber is used to create simultaneously with the spray an ion beam, from an atmosphere at the source composed of 100% oxygen.
- the source is tilted so as to direct the beam towards the substrate at an angle of 30 °.
- the X-ray diffraction spectrum reveals a very intense peak (0002) of ZnO which shows, at constant thickness of ZnO, an increase in the amount of ZnO which crystallizes and / or a more pronounced orientation.
- An iron content of less than 1 atomic% is measured by SIMS.
- ZnO contains an amount of argon of 0.45 atomic%.
- Example 2 In this example, a stack is produced on a glass substrate: ZnO 10 nm / Ag 19.5 nm / ZnO 10 nm where the lower zinc oxide layer is obtained as in Example 1 with exposure to a ion beam.
- the procedure is as in Example 1 to produce the lower layer, adapting the residence time of the substrate in the chamber to reduce the thickness of the oxide layer to 10 nm.
- the substrate is then made to pass in front of a silver cathode in an atmosphere composed of 100% argon, then again in front of a zinc cathode in an atmosphere of argon and oxygen under the conditions of the reference example 1.
- This stack is analyzed by X-ray diffraction to determine its state of crystallization.
- the size of the silver crystallites is deduced from the diffraction spectrum by the classical Scherrer formula and using the fundamental parameters.
- the light transmission through the substrate, the light reflection from the substrate and the surface resistance are also measured. The results are reported in Table 2 below. These properties are compared to those of a reference example 2 where the lower zinc oxide layer is produced without exposure to the ion beam. The comparison reveals that the crystallization of the silver layer is considerably improved when the underlying zinc oxide layer is produced with exposure to the ion beam, which results in a lower surface resistance, ie a improved conductivity.
- Reference example 3 In this example, a stack is produced on a glass substrate
- Example 1 where the lower zinc oxide layer is obtained as in Example 1 with exposure to an ion beam.
- the procedure is as in Example 1 to produce the zinc oxide layer by adapting the residence time of the substrate in the chamber to reduce the thickness of the oxide layer to 8 nm.
- the substrate is then passed past a silver cathode in an atmosphere composed of 100% argon.
- Example 3 This example is carried out under the same deposition conditions as those of reference example 3, except that a linear ion source is placed in the spraying chamber and is used to create simultaneously with the spraying a beam of ion during the production of the zinc oxide-based layer, with a source atmosphere composed of 100% oxygen. The source is tilted so as to direct the beam towards the substrate at an angle of 30 ° and is positioned at a distance of approximately 14 cm from the substrate. These modified deposition conditions make it possible to produce a zinc oxide layer having an index substantially identical to that of the reference layer.
- the optical properties and performance of Example 3 in single glazing (SV) and in double glazing (DV 4/15/4 whose inner blade is composed of 90% Ar) are also set out in Table 3 below. .
- the optical properties are only slightly affected by exposure to the ion beam, but the thermal properties are greatly improved because a gain of 10% is obtained in terms of resistance per square (R ⁇ ) and normal emissivity (e n ).
- Reference example 4 A stack having the following thicknesses (in nanometers) is produced on a glass substrate, corresponding to the stack marketed by the company SAINT GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE under the brand Planistar:
- Example 4 A stack having the same thicknesses as reference example 4 is produced under the same conditions as those of reference example 4, except that a linear ion source is placed in the spray chamber and is used to simultaneously create an ion beam during the spraying of each layer based on zinc oxide directly underlying each functional layer based on silver.
- the atmosphere at the source is made up of 100% oxygen.
- the source is tilted so as to direct the beam towards the substrate at an angle of 30 ° and is positioned at a distance of approximately 14 cm from the substrate.
- the energy of the ion beam is for each passage of the order of 1000 eV.
- the pressure inside the chamber is 0.1 ⁇ bar during the first pass and 4.3 ⁇ bar during the second pass, for a target power of 5.5 kW during the first pass and 10 kW during the first pass. from the second pass.
- These modified deposition conditions make it possible to produce a zinc oxide layer having an index substantially identical to that of the reference layer.
- the optical properties and performance of Example 4 in double glazing (4/15/4, the inner blade of which is composed of 90% Ar) are also set out in Table 4 below. As can be seen, the optical properties are only slightly affected by exposure to the ion beam, but the thermal properties are greatly improved because a gain also of around 10% is obtained in terms of resistance per square (RD) .
- Example 5 A stack was deposited: glass / Si 3 N / ZnO (25nm) / Ag (9 nm) and then measured the crystallographic characteristics of the zinc oxide and the electrical characteristics of the silver layer. Moreover; the RMS roughness of glass / ZnO (25 nm) not covered with silver and produced under the same conditions as above
- Example 6 TiO 2 monolayers were deposited on glass with or without assistance by ion source and then measured roughness by simulation of the optical characteristics (dispersion relation) and by X-ray reflectrometry.
- the angle of inclination A of the source ionic with respect to the substrate 20 °.
- the measured values are reported in Table 6 below.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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FR0307847A FR2856677B1 (fr) | 2003-06-27 | 2003-06-27 | Substrat revetu d'une couche dielectrique et procede pour sa fabrication |
PCT/FR2004/001651 WO2005000758A2 (fr) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-28 | Substrat revetu d’une couche dielectrique et procede et installation pour sa fabrication |
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EP04767496A Withdrawn EP1641720A2 (fr) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-28 | Substrat revetu d'une couche dielectrique et procede et installation pour sa fabrication |
EP04767497A Withdrawn EP1641721A2 (fr) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-28 | Substrat revetu d'une couche dielectrique et procede et installation pour sa fabrication |
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US (3) | US20060275612A1 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP1641720A2 (fr) |
JP (4) | JP2007519817A (fr) |
KR (2) | KR101343437B1 (fr) |
CN (2) | CN1845882A (fr) |
EA (2) | EA011247B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2856677B1 (fr) |
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2003
- 2003-06-27 FR FR0307847A patent/FR2856677B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-06-28 WO PCT/FR2004/001651 patent/WO2005000758A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-06-28 KR KR1020057025069A patent/KR101343437B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-28 KR KR1020057025068A patent/KR101172019B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-28 US US10/562,121 patent/US20060275612A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-28 CN CNA2004800247174A patent/CN1845882A/zh active Pending
- 2004-06-28 EA EA200600112A patent/EA011247B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-28 EP EP04767496A patent/EP1641720A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-28 JP JP2006516336A patent/JP2007519817A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-28 JP JP2006516335A patent/JP5026786B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-28 US US10/562,451 patent/US7820017B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-28 CN CNA2004800247282A patent/CN1842500A/zh active Pending
- 2004-06-28 WO PCT/FR2004/001652 patent/WO2005000759A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-06-28 EA EA200600113A patent/EA012048B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-28 EP EP04767497A patent/EP1641721A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-12-21 ZA ZA2005/10376A patent/ZA200510376B/en unknown
- 2005-12-22 ZA ZA2005/10416A patent/ZA200510416B/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-09-07 US US12/876,625 patent/US20110056825A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-07-29 JP JP2011166621A patent/JP2011241480A/ja active Pending
- 2011-07-29 JP JP2011167008A patent/JP2011241481A/ja active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200600113A1 (ru) | 2006-06-30 |
ZA200510416B (en) | 2006-12-27 |
KR20060036403A (ko) | 2006-04-28 |
JP5026786B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
JP2011241480A (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
WO2005000759A2 (fr) | 2005-01-06 |
KR101172019B1 (ko) | 2012-08-08 |
FR2856677A1 (fr) | 2004-12-31 |
CN1845882A (zh) | 2006-10-11 |
US20110056825A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
WO2005000758A3 (fr) | 2005-10-13 |
EA012048B1 (ru) | 2009-08-28 |
JP2007519817A (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
US7820017B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 |
WO2005000758A2 (fr) | 2005-01-06 |
EP1641721A2 (fr) | 2006-04-05 |
JP2011241481A (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
EA200600112A1 (ru) | 2006-06-30 |
CN1842500A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
KR101343437B1 (ko) | 2014-03-04 |
JP2007516341A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2005000759A3 (fr) | 2006-04-20 |
US20060275612A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EA011247B1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
US20060234064A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
FR2856677B1 (fr) | 2006-12-01 |
ZA200510376B (en) | 2006-12-27 |
KR20060026448A (ko) | 2006-03-23 |
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