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EP1575013B1 - Sensor with multiplex-data output - Google Patents

Sensor with multiplex-data output Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1575013B1
EP1575013B1 EP04030561A EP04030561A EP1575013B1 EP 1575013 B1 EP1575013 B1 EP 1575013B1 EP 04030561 A EP04030561 A EP 04030561A EP 04030561 A EP04030561 A EP 04030561A EP 1575013 B1 EP1575013 B1 EP 1575013B1
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lsn
msn
sensor
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analog
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1575013A2 (en
EP1575013A3 (en
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Hans-Jörg Dipl.-Ing. Fink
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TDK Micronas GmbH
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TDK Micronas GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path

Definitions

  • Sensors are usually located at the location of the size to be determined. Either this already requires the measuring principle or serves to keep measuring errors and uncertainties as small as possible.
  • the measured variables such as temperature, magnetic field, pressure, force, flow, level, etc. are converted in the sensor into physical signals, which are then fed to the receiving device.
  • a conversion into electrical signals takes place in the sensor, which can be easily generated, transmitted and received, in particular if a processor is provided as the receiver, which has corresponding interfaces.
  • the signals to be transmitted can be analog or digital signals. Digital signals have the advantage over analog signals that they can be disturbed less on the transmission, but this must be paid for by an increased effort on the transmitter and receiver side as well as on the transmission link. On the other hand, digital signals often fit better into the signal environment of the connected processors, because their signal processing also takes place essentially in digital form.
  • the data is expediently transmitted serially.
  • the transmission takes place here as a continuous data stream or by means of time-separated data packets.
  • the individual bits of the data are coded and transmitted by means of two easily distinguishable logical states.
  • a disadvantage of the serial data transmission is the time required for the transmission with longer data words because the transmission rate is relatively slow. Long signal lines can wipe the pulse edges, which requires a significantly reduced data rate compared to the processor clock for reliable detection. In As a rule, during this time, at least the associated data input of the receiver is blocked for other data, in the worse case, the blocking extends to other parts of the processor, which then, for example, does not allow interruption.
  • the document WO 03/002950 discloses a system for transmitting signals from sensors to a receiver consisting of an anolog / digital converter, a digital signal conditioning module, a period conversion module, and an endstop with two power drivers.
  • the period conversion module hides the N most significant bits of the digital value.
  • the solution of the task is based on the recognition that not all data are simultaneously converted for transmission into an analog signal, a pseudo signal, but only in sections.
  • the resulting analog signals are then multiplexed in succession.
  • the bits determined from the transmitted pseudo signals are correctly combined, so that the complete data word is available again for further processing.
  • the number of multiplex sections and the number of data transmitted in each multiplex section depends on the respective characteristics of the participating functional units and the expected interference. If the disturbance is small, then it allows more discretely distinguishable states than when the disturbance is high. In the limiting case, the interference is so high that a multiplex transmission is no longer possible, but each bit must be transmitted individually, but this is again purely sequential operation.
  • the multiplexed data packets must be reassembled correctly on the receiver side. It must therefore be given a secure assignment to which of the various data packets are each. There are a lot of possibilities for this.
  • a very simple solution is the marking by short pauses between the associated multiplex sections of a single data word and long pauses, which are used to distinguish different data words. The order of the associated data packets is fixed.
  • a major advantage of the described multiplex transmission is that even high-resolution sensor signals can be detected by the analog-to-digital converters with a lower bit resolution in the processors. If a 14-digit data word is split into two 7-bit sections, then a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter in the processor will be able to resolve that signal and determine the associated 7-bit.
  • the first 7 bits, which are assigned to the higher or lower digits of the data word, are then stored in a first register.
  • the 7 bits of the lower or higher-order digits of the data word are determined and stored in the correct position in a second register or in vacant positions of the first register.
  • the transfer of a 14-digit data word is performed in two steps. Further processing then takes place in the processor as a 14-digit data word.
  • the detection of the exact throttle position in an internal combustion engine is called, which is required for the setting of a quiet idle.
  • the example shows that typically two-step transmission is sufficient, which simplifies the procedures for identifying the two sections. For example, one can split the available voltage range between 0.25V and 4.75V into two parts of 0.25V to 2.25V and 2.75V to 4.75V. In one area, the higher-order digits are transmitted and in the other range the lower-valued digits are transmitted. The interference immunity is halved in this case, but still has a gain of about 15 compared to the above example with the transmission of a 10-bit signal.
  • the definition of the particular data area or its request can also be made by the controller itself, by switching a load resistance of the transmission line via one of its I / O gates to the VSS or VDD potential. This switching is detected via the changed current direction in a corresponding evaluation circuit in the sensor output and triggers the transmission of the desired data section.
  • Another way to define the data packets and, where appropriate, to trigger them can be done via signals on the supply line VDD or another connection of the sensor.
  • DE 198 19 265 C1 it is described how command signals from an external controller are fed to a sensor via the supply voltage connection VDD.
  • a relatively high VDD voltage value triggers the transmission of the higher order data
  • a relatively low VDD voltage value triggers the transmission of the lower order data or vice versa.
  • the data in the higher-order range does not change, but only the data in the low-order range.
  • Fig. 1 In the manner of a table, the 14-bit or 14-bit output signal of a sensor is displayed.
  • the 0 to 13 bit digit bit area defining a binary number corresponds to 16384 distinguishable signal ranges.
  • the sensor signal value is the decimal number Dec. 5241 is assumed, the associated binary value is specified under "value”. If this binary number is split into two 7-bit areas, the new binary values MSN and LSN given under the right-hand column "value" result.
  • MSN stands for "most significant nibble”
  • LSN stands for "least significant nibble”. Expressed in decimal numbers, MSN is 40 and LSN is 121.
  • these subsections MSN and LSN are also referred to as short data words. In the lower right corner, a formula is used to show that both short data words add together again to the original decimal value Dec. 5241, provided that the decimal MSB value 40 is previously increased with the weighting factor 128 over the LSN value.
  • the decimal value 5241 is mapped to the output voltage Vout going from 0V to 5V, with the full swing equal to the decimal value 16384.
  • the decimal value 5241 results in a voltage value of 1,600 V.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows the analog output signal Vout for a sensor for recording angle values.
  • the angles ⁇ passing through from -60 ° to + 60 ° are linearly assigned the voltage values from 0 V to 5 V.
  • Fig. 5 shows in the timing diagram the successive transmission of Kurz briefly words LSN and MSN of Fig. 1 as different voltage levels Vout of 4.727 V and 1.563 V.
  • a short transition of about 0.2 ms signals the change from LSN to MSN.
  • the change is triggered in the embodiment in that it is detected in the sensor output, that the current flow direction has reversed on the transmission line, which is effected for example by switching the load resistance RL of VSS or GND to VDD.
  • a sensor 1 is connected with its signal output 2 to a transmission path 3, which has a load resistance RL of, for example, 10 kOhm.
  • the remote from the transmission line 3 end of the load resistor is connected to an I / O input of a receiver 4, such as a controller, which can selectively switch its output potential between VSS and VDD and thus in the sensor 1, the delivery of the respective short data word as an analog pseudo signal controls.
  • a receiver 4 such as a controller
  • FIG. 7 another realization of the external triggering of the short data words is shown schematically.
  • the control is now via the supply voltage VDD, which is modulated by the controller 4 in a suitable manner via the I / O connection. Whether an overvoltage and undervoltage +/- ⁇ U is used or different overvoltages depends only on the detection circuit in the sensor.
  • the load resistor RL is in this case connected to a fixed potential, eg VDD.
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows a block diagram of the functional units of an embodiment for a sensor 1.
  • the actual sensor element 6 delivers its analog measurement signal to an analog-to-digital converter 7.
  • the subsequent processing is done digitally in the circuit block 8. If this parameter or program instructions needed, then these are from a Memory 9 fetched. There also intermediate results etc. can be stored.
  • the result of the processing is the digital output signal of the block 8, a multi-digit data word, which is ultimately to be transmitted to a receiver, not shown.
  • This data word is split in the circuit block 10 into two short data words MSN and LSN, which are buffered in the registers 11, 12.
  • the content of the two registers is switched by a control device 14 at the correct time to a digital-to-analog converter 15 which converts the short data words MSN and LSN respectively into an analog pseudo signal, which is supplied via an amplifier 16 to an output terminal of the sensor 1 becomes.
  • the required supply lines and control lines and clocks are not shown for the sake of clarity. Whether the individual functional units are realized wholly or partly by means of an adapted circuit or by means of a program is within the scope of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)

Description

Sensoren befinden sich in der Regel am Ort der zu bestimmenden Größe. Entweder erfordert dies schon das Messprinzip oder dient dazu, Messfehler und Unsicherheiten möglichst klein zu halten. Die gemessenen Größen wie Temperatur, Magnetfeld, Druck, Kraft, Durchfluss, Füllstand usw. werden im Sensor in physikalische Signale umgewandelt, die dann der Empfangseinrichtung zugeführt werden. In der Regel findet im Sensor eine Umsetzung in elektrische Signale statt, die sich leicht generieren, übertragen und empfangen lassen, insbesondere wenn als Empfänger ein Prozessor vorgesehen ist, der über entsprechende Schnittstellen verfügt. Die zu übertragenden Signale können dabei je nach Anwendungsfall analoge oder digitale Signale sein. Digitale Signale haben gegenüber analogen Signalen den Vorteil, dass sie auf dem Übertragungsweg weniger gestört werden können, was allerdings durch einen erhöhten Aufwand auf der Sender- und Empfängerseite sowie auf der Übertragungsstrecke erkauft werden muss. Andererseits passen digitale Signale oft besser in die Signallandschaft der angeschlossenen Prozessoren, weil deren Signalverarbeitung in wesentlichen Teilen ebenfalls digital erfolgt.Sensors are usually located at the location of the size to be determined. Either this already requires the measuring principle or serves to keep measuring errors and uncertainties as small as possible. The measured variables such as temperature, magnetic field, pressure, force, flow, level, etc. are converted in the sensor into physical signals, which are then fed to the receiving device. As a rule, a conversion into electrical signals takes place in the sensor, which can be easily generated, transmitted and received, in particular if a processor is provided as the receiver, which has corresponding interfaces. Depending on the application, the signals to be transmitted can be analog or digital signals. Digital signals have the advantage over analog signals that they can be disturbed less on the transmission, but this must be paid for by an increased effort on the transmitter and receiver side as well as on the transmission link. On the other hand, digital signals often fit better into the signal environment of the connected processors, because their signal processing also takes place essentially in digital form.

Um parallele Datenleitungen auf der Übertragungsstrecke und endsprechende Parallelanschlüsse auf der Sensor- und Empfängerseite zu vermeiden, werden die Daten zweckmäßigerweise seriell übertragen. Die Übertragung erfolgt dabei als kontinuierlicher Datenstrom oder mittels zeitlich getrennter Datenpakete. In einfachster Form werden dabei die einzelnen Bits der Daten mittels zwei leicht unterscheidbaren logischen Zuständen kodiert und übertragen. Bekannte Verfahren gibt es in großer Anzahl, die bekanntesten sind wohl die binär modulierte Puls-Code-Modulation (=PCM) oder die ebenfalls binär modulierte Puls-Weiten-Modulation (=PWM). Ob dieser Modulation noch eine Trägermodulation hinzugefügt wird, ändert an der grundsätzlich binären Modulationsart nichts.In order to avoid parallel data lines on the transmission link and end parallel connections on the sensor and receiver side, the data is expediently transmitted serially. The transmission takes place here as a continuous data stream or by means of time-separated data packets. In the simplest form, the individual bits of the data are coded and transmitted by means of two easily distinguishable logical states. Known methods are available in large numbers, the best known are probably the binary-modulated pulse-code modulation (= PCM) or the likewise binary-modulated pulse-width modulation (= PWM). Whether this modulation still adds a carrier modulation does not change anything in the basically binary modulation type.

Ein Nachteil der seriellen Datenübertragung ist bei längeren Datenworten der für die Übertragung erforderliche Zeitaufwand, weil die Übertragungsrate relativ langsam ist. Lange Signalleitungen können die Impulsflanken verschleifen, was zur sicheren Erkennung eine gegenüber dem Prozessortakt deutlich reduzierte Datenrate erfordert. In der Regel ist während dieser Zeit zumindest der zugehörige Dateneingang des Empfängers für andere Daten blockiert, im ungünstigeren Fall erstreckt sich die Blockierung auf weitere Teile des Prozessors, der dann beispielsweise keine Unterbrechung zulässt.A disadvantage of the serial data transmission is the time required for the transmission with longer data words because the transmission rate is relatively slow. Long signal lines can wipe the pulse edges, which requires a significantly reduced data rate compared to the processor clock for reliable detection. In As a rule, during this time, at least the associated data input of the receiver is blocked for other data, in the worse case, the blocking extends to other parts of the processor, which then, for example, does not allow interruption.

Eine andere Möglichkeit der schnellen Übertragung von Daten besteht darin, die Daten vor der Übertragung mittels eines Digital-Analogumsetzers wieder in ein Analogsignal mit diskreten Werten umzusetzen und dieses Signal zu übertragen. Dies entspricht einer parallelen Datenübertragung. Auf der Empfängerseite lassen sich dann aus den einzelnen Signalbereichen wieder die Daten mittels eines Analog-Digitalumsetzers zurückgewinnen. Auf den ersten Blick sieht das umständlich aus, denn man könnte ja gleich das ursprünglich analoge Ausgangssignal des Sensors übertragen. Findet jedoch im Sensor eine Bearbeitung des Sensorsignals statt, beispielsweise eine Filterung, Interpolation, Kompensation, Pegelanpassung, Entzerrung usw., dann erfolgt dies viel leichter auf der digitalen Ebene, weil dann die zugehörigen Parameter und Programmschritte aus digitalen Speichern abrufbar sind und die digitale Verarbeitung in mitintegrierten Recheneinrichtungen erfolgt. Probleme gibt es bei dieser Übertragungsart bei hochauflösenden Sensorausgangssignalen, weil dann die Störgrößen auf der Übertragungsstrecke vergleichbar oder gar größer sind als die Schrittweite des zur Verfügung stehenden Signalrasters.Another possibility for the rapid transmission of data is to convert the data back into an analog signal with discrete values before transmission by means of a digital-to-analog converter and to transmit this signal. This corresponds to a parallel data transmission. On the receiver side, the data can then be recovered from the individual signal areas by means of an analog-to-digital converter. At first glance, this looks awkward, because you could transfer the same analog output signal of the sensor. However, if a processing of the sensor signal takes place in the sensor, for example a filtering, interpolation, compensation, level adjustment, equalization, etc., this is much easier on the digital level, because then the associated parameters and program steps are retrievable from digital memories and the digital processing takes place in mitintegrierten computing devices. There are problems with this type of transmission with high-resolution sensor output signals, because then the disturbances on the transmission path are comparable or even greater than the step size of the available signal grid.

Das Dokument WO 03/002950 offenbart ein System zur Übertragung von Signalen von Sensoren zu einem Empfänger, das aus einem Anolog/Digital-Wandler, einem digitalen Signalaufbereitungsmodul, einem Periodenumrechnungsmodul, und einer Endstuge mit zwei Leistungstreibern besteht. Das Periodenumrechnungsmodul blendet die N höchstwertigen Bits des digitalen Werts aus.The document WO 03/002950 discloses a system for transmitting signals from sensors to a receiver consisting of an anolog / digital converter, a digital signal conditioning module, a period conversion module, and an endstop with two power drivers. The period conversion module hides the N most significant bits of the digital value.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das eine schnelle und insbesondere sichere Datenübertragung zwischen Sensor und Empfänger auch bei Sensoren mit hoher Auflösung ermöglicht.It is an object of the invention to provide a method which enables fast and in particular secure data transmission between sensor and receiver even with sensors with high resolution.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass nicht alle Daten gleichzeitig für die Übertragung in ein analoges Signal, ein Pseudosignal, umgesetzt werden, sondern nur abschnittsweise. Die resultierenden analogen Signale werden dann nacheinander im Multiplexbetrieb übertragen. Auf der Empfängerseite werden die aus den übertragenen Pseudosignalen ermittelten Bits stellenrichtig zusammengesetzt, so dass das vollständige Datenwort für die weitere Verarbeitung wieder zur Verfügung steht.The solution of the task is based on the recognition that not all data are simultaneously converted for transmission into an analog signal, a pseudo signal, but only in sections. The resulting analog signals are then multiplexed in succession. On the receiver side, the bits determined from the transmitted pseudo signals are correctly combined, so that the complete data word is available again for further processing.

Die Anzahl der Multiplexabschnitte und die Anzahl der in jedem Multiplexabschnitt übertragenen Daten ist von den jeweiligen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Funktionseinheiten und den zu erwartenden Störungen abhängig. Wenn der Störeinfluss gering ist, dann erlaubt dies mehr diskret unterscheidbare Zustände als wenn der Störeinfluss hoch ist. Im Grenzfall ist der Störeinfluss so hoch, dass eine Multiplexübertragung gar nicht mehr möglich ist, sondern jedes Bit einzeln übertragen werden muss, dies ist aber wieder der rein sequentielle Betrieb.The number of multiplex sections and the number of data transmitted in each multiplex section depends on the respective characteristics of the participating functional units and the expected interference. If the disturbance is small, then it allows more discretely distinguishable states than when the disturbance is high. In the limiting case, the interference is so high that a multiplex transmission is no longer possible, but each bit must be transmitted individually, but this is again purely sequential operation.

Die im Multiplexbetrieb übertragenen Datenpakete müssen auf der Empfängerseite wieder richtig zusammengesetzt werden. Es muss also eine sichere Zuordnung vorgegeben sein, um welches der verschiedenen Datenpakete es sich jeweils handelt. Hierzu gibt es eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten. Eine sehr einfache Lösung ist die Kennzeichnung durch kurze Pausen zwischen den zusammengehörigen Multiplexabschnitten eines einzigen Datenwortes und langen Pausen, die zur Unterscheidung unterschiedlicher Datenworte dienen. Dabei ist die Reihenfolge der zusammengehörigen Datenpakete fest vorgegeben.The multiplexed data packets must be reassembled correctly on the receiver side. It must therefore be given a secure assignment to which of the various data packets are each. There are a lot of possibilities for this. A very simple solution is the marking by short pauses between the associated multiplex sections of a single data word and long pauses, which are used to distinguish different data words. The order of the associated data packets is fixed.

Ein großer Vorteil der beschriebenen Multiplexübertragung ist, dass auch hochauflösende Sensorsignale von den Analog-Digitalumsetzern mit einer geringeren Bitauflösung in den Prozessoren erfasst werden können. Wird ein 14-stelliges Datenwort in zwei Abschnitte zu je 7 Bit gesplittet, dann ist ein Analog-Digitalumsetzer von 10 Bit im Prozessor in der Lage, dieses Signal aufzulösen und die zugehörigen 7 Bit zu bestimmen. Die ersten 7 Bit, die den höher- oder niederwertigen Stellen des Datenwortes zugeordnet sind, werden dann in einem ersten Register abgelegt. Beim zweiten empfangenen Signal werden die 7 Bit der nieder- oder höherwertigen Stellen des Datenwortes bestimmt und in einem zweiten Register oder in frei gebliebenen Stellen des ersten Registers stellenrichtig abgespeichert. Damit ist in zwei Schritten die Übertragung eines 14-stelliges Datenwort durchgeführt. Die weitere Verarbeitung erfolgt dann im Prozessor als 14-stelliges Datenwort. Als Beispiel für die Forderung nach einer hohen Übertragungsgenauigkeit wird die Erfassung der genauen Drosselklappenstellung bei einem Verbrennungsmotor genannt, die für die Einstellung eines ruhigen Leerlaufes erforderlich ist.A major advantage of the described multiplex transmission is that even high-resolution sensor signals can be detected by the analog-to-digital converters with a lower bit resolution in the processors. If a 14-digit data word is split into two 7-bit sections, then a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter in the processor will be able to resolve that signal and determine the associated 7-bit. The first 7 bits, which are assigned to the higher or lower digits of the data word, are then stored in a first register. In the second received signal, the 7 bits of the lower or higher-order digits of the data word are determined and stored in the correct position in a second register or in vacant positions of the first register. Thus, the transfer of a 14-digit data word is performed in two steps. Further processing then takes place in the processor as a 14-digit data word. As an example of the requirement for a high transmission accuracy, the detection of the exact throttle position in an internal combustion engine is called, which is required for the setting of a quiet idle.

Nimmt man an, dass die Versorgungsspannung der Elektronik die üblichen 5 Volt sind, dann steht für den Ausgangshub der Sensoren etwa ein Spannungsbereich zwischen 0,25V und 4,75V zur Verfügung. Will man mit diesem Spannungshub 10 Bit Auflösung erreichen, dann entspricht der kleinste Auflösungsschritt, ein LSB (=least significant bit), einem Spannungssprung von 4,88mV. Wird dieser Übertragungsbereich jedoch nach der Erfindung für eine Multiplexübertragung von 2 mal 5 Bit verwendet, dann enspricht der kleinste Auflösungsschritt LSB einem Spannungssprung von 62,25 mV. Dieser Gewinn entspricht etwa einem Faktor 30 gegenüber der ursprünglichen Auflösung.Assuming that the supply voltage of the electronics are the usual 5 volts, then the voltage output range between 0.25V and 4.75V is available for the output stroke of the sensors. If you want to achieve 10-bit resolution with this voltage swing, then the smallest resolution step corresponds to an LSB (= least significant bit), a voltage jump of 4,88mV. If, however, this transmission range is used according to the invention for a multiplex transmission of 2 by 5 bits, then the smallest resolution step LSB corresponds to a voltage jump of 62.25 mV. This profit is about a factor of 30 compared to the original resolution.

Das Beispiel zeigt, dass in der Regel die Übertragung mit zwei Schritten ausreichend ist, wodurch sich die Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung der beiden Abschnitte vereinfachen. Beispielsweise kann man den zur Verfügung stehenden Spannungsbereich zwischen 0,25 V und 4,75V in zwei Teile mit 0,25 V bis 2,25 V und 2,75V bis 4,75 V aufspalten. In einem Bereich werden dann die höherwertigen Stellen und im anderen Bereich die niederwertigen Stellen übertragen. Die Störsicherheit wird hierbei halbiert, hat aber gegenüber dem obigen Beispiel mit der Übertragung eines 10 Bit Signals immer noch einen Gewinn etwa vom Faktor 15.The example shows that typically two-step transmission is sufficient, which simplifies the procedures for identifying the two sections. For example, one can split the available voltage range between 0.25V and 4.75V into two parts of 0.25V to 2.25V and 2.75V to 4.75V. In one area, the higher-order digits are transmitted and in the other range the lower-valued digits are transmitted. The interference immunity is halved in this case, but still has a gain of about 15 compared to the above example with the transmission of a 10-bit signal.

Die Definition des jeweiligen Datenbereiches oder dessen Anforderung kann jedoch auch durch den Controller selbst erfolgen, indem dieser einen Lastwiderstand der Übertragungsleitung über eines seiner I/O-Tore auf das VSS- oder VDD-Potential schaltet. Dieses Umschalten wird über die geänderte Stromrichtung in einer entsprechenden Auswerteschaltung im Sensorausgang erkannt und löst die Übertragung des gewünschten Datenabschnittes aus. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Definition der Datenpakete und gegebenenfalls zu deren Auslösung kann über Signale auf der Versorgungsleitung VDD oder einem weiteren Anschluss des Sensors erfolgen. In DE 198 19 265 C1 ist beispielsweise beschrieben, wie über den Versorgungsspannungsanschluss VDD Kommandosignale von einem externen Controller einem Sensor zugeführt werden. Im einfachsten Fall löst ein relativ hoher VDD-Spannungswert die Übertragung der höherwertigen Daten und ein relativ niedriger VDD-Spannungswert die Übertragung der niederwertigen Daten aus oder umgekehrt.However, the definition of the particular data area or its request can also be made by the controller itself, by switching a load resistance of the transmission line via one of its I / O gates to the VSS or VDD potential. This switching is detected via the changed current direction in a corresponding evaluation circuit in the sensor output and triggers the transmission of the desired data section. Another way to define the data packets and, where appropriate, to trigger them can be done via signals on the supply line VDD or another connection of the sensor. In DE 198 19 265 C1 For example, it is described how command signals from an external controller are fed to a sensor via the supply voltage connection VDD. In the simplest case, a relatively high VDD voltage value triggers the transmission of the higher order data and a relatively low VDD voltage value triggers the transmission of the lower order data or vice versa.

Wenn die zeitliche Änderung der vom Sensor zu erfassenden Größe relativ langsam ist, dann ändern sich die Daten im höherwertigen Bereich nicht, sondern nur die Daten im niederwertigen Bereich. In diesem Fall ist es zweckmäßig, solange nur die Änderungen im niederwertigen Datenbereich zu übermitteln bis sich im höherwertigen Datenbereich eine Änderung ergibt. Wenn die Übertragung in zwei Aussteuerbereichen erfolgt, ist die Kennzeichnung welcher Datenabschnitt gerade übertragen wird gewährleistet, ansonsten muss eine andere Kennzeichnung dies sicherstellen. Dieses Verfahren beschleunigt die Übertragung weiter und reduziert die Belegung des Controllers.If the change over time in the quantity to be detected by the sensor is relatively slow, then the data in the higher-order range does not change, but only the data in the low-order range. In this case, it is expedient to transmit only the changes in the low-order data area until there is a change in the higher-value data area. If the transmission takes place in two control areas, the marking which data section is being transmitted is ensured, otherwise, another label must ensure this. This method further speeds up the transmission and reduces the occupancy of the controller.

Die Erfindung und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen werden nun anhand der Figuren der Zeichnung näher erläutert:

  • Fig. 1 zeigt die Aufspaltung von 14 Bit in zwei Kurzdatenworte mit je 7 Bit,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt den Aussteuerungsbereich für ein analoges Ausgangssignal,
  • Fig. 3 zeigt die Aussteuerungen für die zugehörigen analogen Pseudosignale,
  • Fig. 4 zeigt am Beispiel einer Winkelerfassung das analoge Sensorsignal,
  • Fig. 5 zeigt im Zeitdiagramm die Übertragung der Pseudosignale nach Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 6 zeigt schematisch eine Übertragungsstrecke mit umschaltbarer Last,
  • Fig. 7 zeigt schematisch die Steuerung des Sensors über die Versorgung und
  • Fig. 8 zeigt als Blockschaltbild die Funktionseinheiten eines Sensors.
The invention and advantageous embodiments will now be explained in more detail with reference to the figures of the drawing:
  • Fig. 1 shows the splitting of 14 bits into two short data words with 7 bits each,
  • Fig. 2 shows the modulation range for an analogue output signal,
  • Fig. 3 shows the controls for the associated analog pseudo signals,
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of an angle detection the analog sensor signal,
  • Fig. 5 shows the transmission of the pseudo signals in the time diagram Fig. 3 .
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically a transmission path with switchable load,
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows the control of the sensor via the supply and
  • Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of the functional units of a sensor.

In Fig. 1 wird in der Art einer Tabelle das mit 14 Stellen oder 14 Bit aufgelöste Ausgangssignal eines Sensors dargestellt. Der von 0 bis 13 Bit gehende Stellenbereich "Bit", der eine Binärzahl definiert, entspricht 16384 unterscheidbaren Signalbereichen. Im dargestellten Beispiel ist als Sensorsignalwert die Dezimalzahl Dec. 5241 angenommen, der zugehörige Binärwert ist unter "value" angegeben. Bei einer Aufspaltung dieser Binärzahl in zwei 7 Bit Bereiche ergeben sich die unter der rechten Spalte "value" angegebenen neuen Binärwerte MSN und LSN. MSN steht für "most significant nibble" und LSN für "least significant nibble". In Dezimalzahlen ausgedrückt entspricht MSN dem Wert 40 und LSN dem Wert 121. In der folgenden Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen werden diese Teilbereiche MSN und LSN auch als Kurzdatenworte bezeichnet. In der rechten unteren Ecke wird mittels einer Formel dargestellt, dass beide Kurzdatenworte additiv wieder miteinander zum ursprünglichen Dezimalwert Dec. 5241 kombiniert werden können, sofern der dezimale MSB-Wert 40 zuvor mit dem Gewichtungsfaktor 128 gegenüber den LSN-Wert vergrößert wird.In Fig. 1 In the manner of a table, the 14-bit or 14-bit output signal of a sensor is displayed. The 0 to 13 bit digit bit area defining a binary number corresponds to 16384 distinguishable signal ranges. In the example shown, the sensor signal value is the decimal number Dec. 5241 is assumed, the associated binary value is specified under "value". If this binary number is split into two 7-bit areas, the new binary values MSN and LSN given under the right-hand column "value" result. MSN stands for "most significant nibble" and LSN stands for "least significant nibble". Expressed in decimal numbers, MSN is 40 and LSN is 121. In the following description and in the claims, these subsections MSN and LSN are also referred to as short data words. In the lower right corner, a formula is used to show that both short data words add together again to the original decimal value Dec. 5241, provided that the decimal MSB value 40 is previously increased with the weighting factor 128 over the LSN value.

In Fig. 2 ist der Dezimalwert 5241 auf die von 0V bis 5V gehende Ausgangsspannung Vout abgebildet, wobei der volle Hub dem Dezimalwert 16384 entspricht. Der genannte Spannungsbereich von 0V bis 5V dient hier der einfacheren Betrachtung, in Wirklichkeit werden bei einer Versorgungsspannung von VDD=5 V diese Werte selbstverständlich nicht erreicht. Für den Dezimalwert 5241 ergibt sich ein Spannungswert 1,600 V. Fig. 3 zeigt die Spannungswerte für die zugehörigen Kurzdatenworte MSN und LSN, die in dezimaler Darstellung die Werte Dec. =40 bzw. 121 haben. Da durch den Splitvorgang jeweils nur noch 128 Spannungswerte zu unterscheiden sind, entsprechen die Dezimalwerte 40 und 121 der Kurzdatenworte MSN bzw. LSN den Spannungswerten 1,563 V bzw. 4,727 V.In Fig. 2 For example, the decimal value 5241 is mapped to the output voltage Vout going from 0V to 5V, with the full swing equal to the decimal value 16384. The mentioned voltage range of 0V to 5V is used here for the sake of simpler consideration, in reality, with a supply voltage of VDD = 5 V, these values are of course not achieved. The decimal value 5241 results in a voltage value of 1,600 V. Fig. 3 shows the voltage values for the associated short data words MSN and LSN, which in decimal representation the values Dec. = 40 or 121 respectively. Since only 128 voltage values can be distinguished by the split process, the decimal values 40 and 121 of the short data words MSN and LSN correspond to the voltage values 1.563 V and 4.727 V.

Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch das analoge Ausgangssignal Vout für einen Sensor zur Aufnahme von Winkelwerten. Den von -60° bis + 60° durchlaufenden Winkeln α sind linear die Spannungswerte von 0 V bis 5 V zugeordnet. Fig. 4 schematically shows the analog output signal Vout for a sensor for recording angle values. The angles α passing through from -60 ° to + 60 ° are linearly assigned the voltage values from 0 V to 5 V.

Fig. 5 zeigt im Zeitdiagramm die aufeinanderfolgende Übertragung der Kurzdatenworte LSN und MSN von Fig. 1 als unterschiedliche Spannungspegel Vout von 4,727 V und 1,563 V. Ein kurzer Übergang von etwa 0,2 ms signalisiert den Wechsel vom LSN auf MSN. Der Wechsel wird in dem Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch ausgelöst, dass im Sensorausgang erkannt wird, dass sich die Stromflussrichtung auf der Übertragungsleitung umgekehrt hat, was beispielsweise durch die Umschaltung des Lastwiderstandes RL von VSS oder GND auf VDD bewirkt wird. Fig. 5 shows in the timing diagram the successive transmission of Kurzdaten words LSN and MSN of Fig. 1 as different voltage levels Vout of 4.727 V and 1.563 V. A short transition of about 0.2 ms signals the change from LSN to MSN. The change is triggered in the embodiment in that it is detected in the sensor output, that the current flow direction has reversed on the transmission line, which is effected for example by switching the load resistance RL of VSS or GND to VDD.

Ein Beispiel für eine derartige Realisierung zeigt Fig. 6. Ein Sensor 1 ist mit seinem Signalausgang 2 an eine Übertragungsstrecke 3 angeschlossen, die einen Lastwiderstand RL von beispielsweise 10 kOhm aufweist. Das von der Übertragungsstrecke 3 abgewandte Ende des Lastwiderstandes ist mit einem I/O-Eingang eines Empfängers 4, z.B. ein Controller, verbunden, der sein Ausgangspotential wahlweise zwischen VSS und VDD umschalten kann und damit im Sensor 1 die Abgabe des jeweiligen Kurzdatenwortes als analoges Pseudosignal steuert. Die Auswertung des analogen Pseudosignals im Empfänger 4, also seine Digitalisierung, erfolgt mittels eines Analog-Digitalumsetzers 5.An example of such a realization shows Fig. 6 , A sensor 1 is connected with its signal output 2 to a transmission path 3, which has a load resistance RL of, for example, 10 kOhm. The remote from the transmission line 3 end of the load resistor is connected to an I / O input of a receiver 4, such as a controller, which can selectively switch its output potential between VSS and VDD and thus in the sensor 1, the delivery of the respective short data word as an analog pseudo signal controls. The evaluation of the analog pseudo signal in the receiver 4, so its digitization, by means of an analog-to-digital converter. 5

In Fig. 7 ist eine andere Realisierung der externen Auslösung der Kurzdatenworte schematisch dargestellt. Die Steuerung erfolgt jetzt über die Versorgungsspannung VDD, die vom Controller 4 in geeigneter Weise über den I/O-Anschluss moduliert wird. Ob dabei eine Über- und Unterspannung +/- ΔU verwendet wird oder unterschiedlich hohe Überspannungen hängt lediglich von der Erkennungsschaltung im Sensor ab. Der Lastwiderstand RL ist in diesem Fall an ein festes Potential, z.B. VDD, angeschlossen.In Fig. 7 another realization of the external triggering of the short data words is shown schematically. The control is now via the supply voltage VDD, which is modulated by the controller 4 in a suitable manner via the I / O connection. Whether an overvoltage and undervoltage +/- ΔU is used or different overvoltages depends only on the detection circuit in the sensor. The load resistor RL is in this case connected to a fixed potential, eg VDD.

Wenn die Unterscheidung der Kurzdatenworte MSN und LSN über unterschiedliche Spannungsbereiche Vout erfolgt, dann erübrigen sich natürlich die Kennzeichnungen entsprechend Fig. 6 oder Fig. 7. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Unterscheidung rein passiv im Empfänger 4 über die vom Analog-Digitalumsetzer 5 unterschiedlich erkannten Spannungsbereiche.
Fig. 8 zeigt schematisch als Blockschaltbild die Funktionseinheiten eines Ausführungsbeispieles für einen Sensor 1. Das eigentliche Sensorelement 6 liefert sein analoges Messsignal an einen Analog-Digitalumsetzer 7. Die darauf folgende Verarbeitung erfolgt digital im Schaltungsblock 8. Werden hierzu Parameter oder Programmanweisungen gebraucht, dann werden diese aus einem Speicher 9 geholt. Dort können auch Zwischenergebnisse usw. abgespeichert werden. Das Ergebnis der Verarbeitung ist das digitale Ausgangssignal des Blockes 8, ein mehrstelliges Datenwort, das letzten Endes zu einem nicht dargestellten Empfänger übertragen werden soll. Dieses Datenwort wird in dem Schaltungsblock 10 in zwei Kurzdatenworte MSN und LSN aufgespalten, die in den Registern 11, 12 zwischengespeichert werden. Über eine elektronische Schalteinrichtung 13 wird der Inhalt der beiden Register von einer Steuereinrichtung 14 zur richtigen Zeit auf einen Digital-Analogumsetzer 15 geschaltet, der die Kurzdatenworte MSN und LSN jeweils in ein analoges Pseudosignal umwandelt, das über einen Verstärker 16 einem Ausgangsanschluss des Sensors 1 zugeführt wird. Die erforderlichen Versorgungsleitungen und Steuerleitungen und Taktgeber sind der besseren Übersicht wegen nicht dargestellt. Ob die einzelnen Funktionseinheiten ganz oder teilweise mittels einer angepassten Schaltung oder mittels eines Programms realisiert sind, liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung.If the differentiation of the short data words MSN and LSN takes place via different voltage ranges Vout, then of course the identifications are unnecessary accordingly Fig. 6 or Fig. 7 , In this case, the distinction is made purely passive in the receiver 4 via the differently recognized by the analog-to-digital converter 5 voltage ranges.
Fig. 8 schematically shows a block diagram of the functional units of an embodiment for a sensor 1. The actual sensor element 6 delivers its analog measurement signal to an analog-to-digital converter 7. The subsequent processing is done digitally in the circuit block 8. If this parameter or program instructions needed, then these are from a Memory 9 fetched. There also intermediate results etc. can be stored. The result of the processing is the digital output signal of the block 8, a multi-digit data word, which is ultimately to be transmitted to a receiver, not shown. This data word is split in the circuit block 10 into two short data words MSN and LSN, which are buffered in the registers 11, 12. Via an electronic switching device 13, the content of the two registers is switched by a control device 14 at the correct time to a digital-to-analog converter 15 which converts the short data words MSN and LSN respectively into an analog pseudo signal, which is supplied via an amplifier 16 to an output terminal of the sensor 1 becomes. The required supply lines and control lines and clocks are not shown for the sake of clarity. Whether the individual functional units are realized wholly or partly by means of an adapted circuit or by means of a program is within the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

  1. A method of transmitting data from a sensor (1) to a receiver (4), characterized in
    - that each original data word is split into at least two separate short data words (MSN, LSN), whereby the number of respective bits becomes less than in the case of the original data word,
    - that the separate short data words (MSN, LSN) are converted by digital-to-analog conversion (15) into respective analog pseudosignals,
    - that these analog pseudosignals are transferred in a time division multiplex mode via an output of the sensor (1) and a transmission path (3) to a signal input of the receiver (4),
    - that the signal input is coupled to an analog-to-digital converter (5) which converts the analog pseudosignals into receive-side short data words (MSN, LSN), the number of bits being predetermined by the number of bits of the corresponding short data word (MSN, LSN) in the sensor (1), and
    - that the bits of short data words (MSN, LSN) belonging together are recombined in correct sequence into a receive-side data word corresponding to the original data word.
  2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the short data words (MSN, LSN) are transmitted in a modified multiplex mode if the data in the high-order short data word (MSN) does not change between successive data words.
  3. A method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that in the modified multiplex mode, only the low-order short data words (LSN) are transmitted.
  4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the distinction between the short data words (MSN, LSN) belonging together and those not belonging together is made by intervals of differing lengths.
  5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for distinction, the short data words (MSN, LSN) are assigned separate sensor output ranges.
  6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for distinction, the short data words (MSN, LSN) are assigned separate directions of current flow in the sensor output.
  7. A method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the separate directions of current flow are produced by means of a switchable load resistor (RL) on the transmission path (3) whose end remote from the transmission path is switchable between an upper voltage (VDD) and a lower voltage (VSS).
  8. A method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the switching of the load resistor (RL) is effected by an I/O port (I/O) of the receiver.
  9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that short data words (MSN, LSN) are retrievable in a defined manner by means of a control signal from the receiver (4).
  10. A method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the control signal is applied to the sensor (1) through a separate input or a supply terminal (VDD).
  11. A sensor (1) having a data output for transmitting a data word formed from a sensor signal to a receiver (4), characterized in that the sensor (1) comprises
    - devices (10, 11, 12) which split each original data word into at least two separate short data words (MSN, LSN) with a smaller number of bits than that of the original data word,
    - a multiplexing device (13) controlled by a controller (14) and connected to the devices (10, 11, 12) for separating the analog pseudosignals in time,
    - a digital-to-analog converter (15) in the signal path after the multiplexing device (13) for converting the separate short data words (MSN, LSN) into respective analog pseudosignals, and
    - an amplifier (16) between the multiplexing device (13) and the output of the sensor (1) which supplies the necessary power for the transmission.
EP04030561A 2004-02-13 2004-12-23 Sensor with multiplex-data output Expired - Lifetime EP1575013B1 (en)

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JP2005228336A (en) 2005-08-25
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