EP1524101A2 - Baler, in particular for pressing waste into bales - Google Patents

Abstract

The piston or pressure plate (12) moves on a frame (1) defining a chamber (2) which is square in plan view. A hydraulic cylinder arrangement (17) on a first side (3) of the chamber moves two pulleys (20,21) forming part of a block and tackle system to move the piston up and down. The piston has guide wheels (37) moving in channel-shaped guide rails (39).

Description

The invention relates to a baling press, in particular for pressing residues such as waste paper, Old cardboard boxes or empty plastic bottles, too Compressed bales, with one through two side walls, a back wall, a front wall, a ceiling and a floor formed, a press room delimiting press housing, with a vertically movable in the press room by a power drive Press plate, with a closable by an upper door Waste disposal opening and with one in operation closed by a lower door, releasable Preßballenentnahmeöffnung.

With balers of this kind are preferably voluminous and bulky waste and waste products to space-saving, compressed and storage-friendly bales. These balers are generally designed that its pressure plate of at least one above this Press plate arranged hydraulic piston-cylinder unit is moved. The piston-cylinder unit is because of their required large stroke, the displacement corresponds to the press plate, running very long and increased by their arrangement at the top the baler noticeably their overall height. balers of this type are known, for example, from EP 0 865 901 B1, DE 195 45 766 A1 or US Pat. No. 5,044,271.

The disadvantage is the installation of these balers in low rooms often impossible or it must be previously elaborate changes made in rooms and on ceilings become. The transport of balers through doors with usual clearance height, e.g. 2 m, is usually without Disassembly of parts of the balers also not possible.

From DE 197 29 654 C2 is the execution of a baler known in which the over the height of the baling chamber protruding drive parts partly removed and can be lowered partly in the baling chamber. For this however, by means of an additionally required, on the baler mountable mounting auxiliary device still to carry out considerable assembly work.

It is therefore the task of a baler the to create the type mentioned at the beginning, which is a low Height at undiminished compression chamber has and the additional Dismantling and assembly work as well as mounting auxiliary devices saves.

The solution to this problem succeeds according to the invention with a Baler of the type mentioned, characterized by is characterized in that the power drive within the by the ceiling predetermined height of the press housing arranged in or at or beside this and over at least a flexible deflected traction means with the press plate is coupled.

Advantageously, the power drive for vertical displacement the press plate is no longer noticeable Increase in the height of the baler; rather exists in the baler according to the invention the essential Characteristic in it, the power drive instead of the top of the press housing in a different position, in the power drive the height of the baler not or not significantly enlarged, to order. The transmission of the movement of the power drive to the vertically displaceable press plate is then over the flexible deflected traction means. This will be a big one Design freedom with regard to the arrangement of the power drive relative to the other parts of the baler reached. This allows in particular a construction of Baler with a relatively low overall height, where the total height due to the position of the ceiling of the press room is given. In this way, balers can be used produce, which is in comparison to conventional ones Baling presses in an undressed press room in rooms with set up limited ceiling height and through doors with common Transit height, for example, from 2 m, transport leave without disassembly of parts of the baler is required.

Preferably, it is further provided that the power drive by at least one hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit or motor-adjustable spindle is formed. With all mentioned power drives leaves the desired displacement of the press plate with the For pressing the residues necessary compressive force reliable cause. Among the mentioned power drives is a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit because of her especially fast and reliable way of working and because of the problem-free generation even of high required Prepress forces preferred.

The mentioned flexible deflected traction means is preferred formed by one or more ropes or chains. ropes and chains are able to provide the necessary pulling forces for the displacement of the press plate down and up reliable transferred to. In the minimal case is sufficient as a traction device a single rope or a single chain, however preferably two or more ropes or chains used to to distribute the forces and to be as symmetrical as possible Introduction of the tensile forces in the press plate possible close.

A particularly favorable and compact design of the baler is achieved when the power drive with vertical Alignment next to one of the side walls of the press housing is arranged. This arrangement is particular then expedient if as a power drive a single piston-cylinder unit or single spindle used becomes. If as a power drive two piston-cylinder units or spindles can also be used a symmetrical Arrangement of each piston-cylinder unit or one spindle each beside the two side walls of the press housing be appropriate.

To safely support the power drive during its operation, is further preferably provided that a lower End of the power drive at the bottom of the press housing is fixed and that an upper, at its altitude adjustable end of the power drive with the traction means is coupled.

Next, the invention provides that in the course of By means of this one in the vertical direction of the baling chamber has in or adjacent to this extending Zugmittelabschnitt, in which the press plate is connected to the traction means is, and that the press plate by means of a vertical guide is guided tilt-safe. The mentioned Zugmittelabschnitt can here by a section of a single rope or a single chain or alternatively through each section of two parallel Ropes or chains are formed. The vertical guidance of the Press plate says that this in their vertical movement not tilted within the press room.

So that the vertical guide of the press plate as easy as possible is common, it is further proposed that the vertical guide one or more pairs of rollers on the press plate and one or more roller conveyors on the two Includes side walls of the press housing.

A particularly high security against tilting the Press plate is achieved when two pairs of rolls in vertical Distance one above the other in a common vertical Level are provided. This common vertical Plane is preferably in the middle between the Rear wall and the front wall of the press housing, around a the highest possible symmetry with the lowest possible lever moments to achieve in the press plate.

Around the roller conveyors and rollers from malfunctions to protect by residual substances contained in the press room, is further provided that in each side wall in a vertical direction extending slot is provided that the rollers carrying axes of the press plate through extend the slot to the outside and that on the outside of each Sidewall each one of the roller conveyors is arranged. Of the Slit in each sidewall can be made by a suitable Design of the slot itself or the press plate be kept free of residues, so that a reliable Ensured function of the leadership of the press plate is. The roller tracks outside on each side wall can externally placed on the side wall, outwards closed profiles with, for example, C or U-shaped Cross section be formed. That way are Also, operators of the baler well in front of themselves moving rollers of the leadership of the press plate protected.

Next, the invention proposes that of the press plate after one or both sides (each) a coupling arm through the slot in one / each side wall into the roller conveyor (s) protrudes and that in the vertical direction of Press room extending Zugmittelabschnitt by at least one of the roller conveyors is guided. In this version is also the coupled with the press plate Zugmittelabschnitt protected within the roller conveyor or roller conveyors and encapsulated, which also causes This Zugmittelabschnitts achieved a high level of security becomes.

An embodiment of the baling press according to the invention provides that both ends of the traction means directly with connected to an adjustable end of the power drive are. In this version, each one of the adjustable end of the power drive during its operation covered path with that of the press plate traversed Way match. Here, the power drive in Version as a cylinder with a piston rod in the state its minimum length is about half the total height of the Take the baler while it is in its state of maximum Length with extended piston rod about the total height may have the baler. The adjustment path the power drive and the matching adjustment The press plate are here so each about half the total height of the baler.

Alternatively, the power drive with a larger adjustment be executed without its overall height in the Maximum length condition the total height of the baler exceeds; this can be done, for example, by a cylinder with a multipart telescopic piston rod be reached, where the minimum length in retracted Condition of the piston rod can be smaller than that Half of the total height of the baler. The one of the Power generated power comes, apart from small Friction losses, in full height of the press plate for their Press task.

An alternative embodiment of the baling press according to the invention provides that with an adjustable end of the Power drive is connected to a pair of pulleys, that ever a portion of the traction means on one of the pulleys guided and is deflected by 180 ° and that the two Ends of the traction means in opposite directions Directions established at fixed points of the press housing are. In this embodiment of the baler is located between the power drive and the traction means a flaschenzugartige translation, which ensures that the Press plate with adjustment of the power drive one way which is twice as big as the one of the Power drive and the associated pulleys covered Path. In this way, an adjustment path or stroke of the press plate allows twice as large is like the adjustment of the power drive. By the Although translation is acting on the pressure plate Power halved, but this can be achieved by using a balanced accordingly stronger power drive when needed become.

To ensure that the traction means always the desired Course takes and do not jump off the pulleys can, is further provided that in the course of the traction means or between at least one end of the traction means and the press housing a Zugmittelspanneinrichtung is arranged.

To a pressed bale generated in the baling chamber before its removal to strap out of the press housing with straps to can, it is provided that the rear wall, the front wall and the bottom on its inside and the press plate their underside parallel to each other and at a distance from each other have running slots.

To a ready-pressed and strapped in the baler Remove pressed bales as simply as possible from the press room to be able to, is provided that the press housing in the direction of its back wall to its front wall with the removal opening conically enlarged, that in the same Direction seen in each case a rear, behind the Slot lying side wall part a front, in front of the Slot lying side wall part scaly covered and that the rollers carrying the axles and the coupling arms in the area of the slot the course of the slot following cranked are executed. Due to the conical design the course of the side walls and through the simultaneously provided scale-like coverage of rear and front side wall part ensures that a finished pressed bale smoothly from the baling chamber can be moved out, preferably by dumping forward to a trolley of the usual kind is ensured that even in the area of slots for the axles and the coupling arms do not catch the bale can. The scale-like cover also contributes to an entry of residues in the Slits and thus possibly caused malfunctions to avoid the baler.

In particular for those applications in which in the inventive Baler or even in a conventional, From the prior art known per se baler hollow bodies filled with air, for example empty ones Plastic beverage bottles, to be pressed, is expediently provided that the press plate on her Bottom side parallel to each other and at a distance from each other and perpendicular to the Preßplattenebene extending mandrels having. With the thorns are the pressing process the pierced with air-filled hollow body, causing the Air can escape from the hollow bodies and a smooth-running and extensive pressing is possible without that a particularly high, the hollow body to burst bringing compressive force must be applied.

To avoid that of the aforementioned thorns pierced residues during a movement of the press plate Stekken up after a pressing on the spines remain, it is further proposed that the press plate on its underside a parallel to the Preßplattenebene running, interspersed by the thorns, relative to Press plate limits vertically adjustable perforated plate wearing. This perforated plate can be used to, if necessary on the thorns sitting residual parts of the Stripping thorns by the perforated plate relative to the rest Press plate down towards the top of the Thorns is moved. The perforated plate is e.g. one with Bores for the spikes provided metal or plastic or wooden plate or a grid plate with grid openings, which are larger than the mandrel diameter.

To the baler not by additional, elaborate Complicate actuating elements for the perforated plate, is preferably the perforated plate by spring force in the direction biased downwards. Thus it is achieved that at a pressing operation with a movement of the press plate after down the perforated plate, overcoming the spring force on the underside of the press plate which creates the Thorns with their maximum length out of the perforated plate projecting downwards. If after a pressing the Press plate is moved back up, the perforated plate due to the spring force relative to the pressure plate and the thorns down, i. towards the top of the Mandrels, moved, which possibly on the Thorns sticking waste material stripped from the thorns become.

Figur 1

eine Ballenpresse in einer schematischen Vorderansicht bei weggelassener Frontwand,

Figur 2

die Ballenpresse in einer schematischen Seitenansicht bei weggelassener Seitenwand,

Figur 3

die Ballenpresse in einer schematischen Draufsicht bei weggelassener Decke,

Figur 4

eine Preßplatte in einer geänderten Ausführung als Teil einer Ballenpresse, in einer schematischen Vorderansicht in einer ersten Funktionsstellung und

Figur 5

die Preßplatte aus Figur 4 in gleicher Darstellung wie in Figur 4, nun in einer zweiten Funktionsstellung.

The invention will be described below with reference to an example shown in a drawing. The figures of the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a baler in a schematic front view with the front wall omitted,

FIG. 2

the baler in a schematic side view with the side wall omitted,

FIG. 3

the baler in a schematic plan view with the ceiling omitted,

FIG. 4

a press plate in an amended version as part of a baler, in a schematic front view in a first functional position and

FIG. 5

the press plate of Figure 4 in the same representation as in Figure 4, now in a second functional position.

The baler 1 consists, as the figures 1 to 3 show essentially of a press housing 1 ', which encloses a baling chamber 2. The housing 1 'comprises two Side walls 3 and 4, a rear wall 5, a front wall. 7 with a fixed wall part 8, an upper door 9 for a Reststoffeinwurföffnung and a lower door 10 for a Removal opening for a finished pressed bale. A floor 11 closes the baling chamber downwards; a blanket 16 closes the baling chamber 2 upwards. The side walls 3 and 4 are interrupted by vertical slots 38, the outside by vertical, as tracks or rails serving, cross-sectionally approximately C-shaped spars 39 covered become.

The height of the baler 1 corresponds to the height of the top the ceiling 16 and thus approximately the height of the top edge the baling chamber 2, since the arrangement of Zugmittelstrangs 23 above the baling chamber 2 and possibly a top-side Cover only require a small amount of height.

Side to the left of the baler 1 is here Power drive 15 arranged as a drive device. Of the Power drive 15 consists essentially of a in one Bearing point 26 below the laterally extended bottom 11th attached hydraulic cylinder 17. At the piston rod 18 is a holder 19 with two rotatably mounted therein zweirilligen rollers 20 and 21 attached. By means of this Hydraulic cylinder 17, the press plate 12, over two connection nodes 24 and 25 with the Zugmittelsträngen 22 and 23 is connected, moved vertically up and down become.

Both Zugmittelstränge 22 and 23 are at their first end next to each other at a common first fixed point 31 attached directly to the bearing point 26 on the bottom 11 and they extend from here up to the roll 20 and are deflected over this by 180 degrees and to a rotatably mounted lower, zweirilligen on the ground Roller 27 (or alternatively two single-row rollers) out.

The first Zugmittelstrang 22 is from here up to left terminal node 24 of the press plate 12 out and is firmly connected to the press plate 12 here. From here the Zugmittelstrang 22 to the roller 30 at the top left The blanket 16, this wrap around 180 degrees and passes from here to the roller 21 on the piston rod 18 of the Hydraulic cylinder 17. The Zugmittelstrang 22 wraps around also the roll 21 by 180 ° and then becomes an upward one Upper benchmark 32, where the second end of the Zugmittelstrangs 22 attached to a boom of the ceiling 16 is.

The Zugmittelstrang 23 is horizontal from the roller 27 to a lower right roll 28 and then upwards a right terminal node 25 where the Zugmittelstrang 23 also firmly connected to the pressing plate 12 is. From terminal node 25 of Zugmittelstrang 23 further up and over a right upper roller 29th and from here horizontally to the left over the baling chamber 2 to the left upper roller 30, then down to the roller 21st and led from this up to the fixed point 32, where the second end and the second Zugmittelstrangs 23 set is.

The pressing plate 12, consisting of a pressure plate 13, two side pieces 14, a gain 35, the terminal node 24 and 25 and mounted on axle 36 Rolls 37, is guided by the rollers 37 in the bars 39. The coupling arms 24 'and 25' of the terminal node 24th and 25 pass through the side walls 3 in the slots 38 and 4 and are with the Zugmittelsträngen 22 and 23, the run within the spars 39, firmly connected.

On the underside, the pressing plate 12 has several parallel to each other extending slots 6, which for the passage of tapes for tying a finished pressed bale by means of a not shown, known per se, in the baler 1 integrated binding device serve.

The actuation of the hydraulic cylinder 17 takes place, as well like triggering the other functions of the baler 1, in a manner known per se, e.g. about an unspecified illustrated, electro-hydraulic control unit.

When supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 17th via the lower terminal 33, the piston rod 18th extended and the holder 19 with the two rollers 20th and 21 is moved up. The of the piston rod 18th executed stroke h is about the Zugmittelstränge 22 and 23 transmitted to the pressing plate 12 and here gives the stroke H. down, due to the pulley cable opposite the Hub h has twice the length.

To lift the pressure plate 12, the hydraulic oil is the Hydraulic cylinder 17 is supplied via an upper terminal 34. As a result, the piston rod retracted, which the pressing plate 12 via the Zugmittelstränge 22 and 23rd moved upwards.

When filling the baler 1 with uncompressed Residues through the open door 9 is the Press plate 12 in its upper end position A. Only in this Position A, the door 9 can be opened, for which a known security circuit provides. With sufficient Filling the door 9 is closed and secured and the pressing plate 12, depending on the contents of the pressing chamber 2, with prescribable pressing force into a lower position B moved, which shown in phantom in Figure 1 is. The content of the press room 2 is here on a Fraction of the original volume compressed. After reaching a corresponding Preßballengröße is the Bale tied and through the then opened lower door 10 taken or ejected.

At the Zugmittelsträngen 22 and 23 are at least at each an end tensioning devices 40 on demand Compensation of elongations of the Zugmittelstränge 22 and 23rd intended.

In Figures 4 and 5 is a modified embodiment of Press plate 12 in two different functional states shown. This press plate 12 can both in the above described baler 1 and in a conventional, From the prior art known per se baler be used.

The pressure plate 12 comprises a pressure plate 13, the upper side is stiffened by means of a reinforcement 35. Left and on the right is in each case a side piece 14, on each of which an upper and a lower roller 37 by means of axes 36 are stored. Between the two arranged one above the other Rolls 37 is left a terminal node 24 and on the right a connection node 25 for connecting the press plate 12 with Zugmittelsträngen 22 not shown here and 23 for their vertical adjustment. Instead of the connection nodes 24 and 25 and the Zugmittelstränge can the Press plate 12 also in a conventional manner with the lower End of a piston rod one on top of a baler arranged piston-cylinder unit connected and means this piston rod be vertically adjustable.

Characteristic of the press plate 12 according to the figures 4 and 5 underside projecting, pointed spines, the with the lower part of the pressing plate 12 forming Pressure plate 13 connected, for example screwed, are.

Below the pressure plate 13 is a perforated plate 42, through which the mandrels 41 are passed. It is the thickness of the perforated plate 42 is smaller than the length of the Dorne 41.

By an arrangement of a plurality of springs 43 is the perforated plate 42 preloaded with a downward force. The preload force generated by the springs 43 ensures that the perforated plate 42 at unloaded press plate 12 occupies the position shown in Figure 4. In this position is the perforated plate 42 by the force of Feathers 43 moved so far down that the tips the mandrels 41 lie just inside the perforated plate 42.

To the displacement of the perforated plate 42 relative to the rest Press plate 12 to allow smooth and pinch-free a plurality of parallel guides 42 'are provided. By corresponding stops in or on the guides 42 'is the displacement of the perforated plate 42 relative to the rest Press plate 12 down to the visible in Figure 4 measure limited.

When the pressing plate 12 is loaded by moving down is moved and located in the press room 2 Presses residuals, this leads to the fact that the perforated plate 42 against the force of the springs 43 relative to the rest of the press plate 12 is moved upward until they are the in FIG 5 shown reached position. In this position the Perforated plate 42 protrude the pointed mandrels 41 downwards out of the perforated plate 42 and then are able to Residues in the form of air-filled hollow bodies, for example empty but closed with a lid Plastic beverage bottles, aufzustechen so that from these Hollow bodies escape the air therein can and a smooth and extensive pressing is possible.

If then the pressing plate 12 is moved back up, the perforated plate 42 is activated by the force of the springs 43 moved back down, thereby possibly on the thorns 41 sitting residuals are stripped off.

Claims (18)

Baler (1), in particular for pressing residues, such as waste paper, old cardboard or empty plastic bottles, into pressed bales, with one by two side walls (3, 4), a rear wall (5), a front wall (7), a ceiling (16) and a bottom (11) formed, a compression chamber (2) delimiting the press housing (1 '), with a in the press room (2) by a power drive (15) vertically movable press plate (12), with a through an upper door ( 9) closable Reststoffeinwurföffnung and with a in operation by a lower door (10) closed, releasable Preßballenentnahmeöffnung,
characterized in that the power drive (15) within the predetermined by the ceiling (16) height of the press housing (1 ') in or on or next to this and at least one flexible deflected traction means (22, 23) with the pressure plate (12) is coupled. Baling press according to claim 1, characterized in that the power drive (15) is formed by at least one hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit (17) or motor-adjustable spindle. Baling press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the traction means (22, 23) is formed by one or more ropes or chains. Baling press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power drive (15) is arranged with vertical alignment next to one of the side walls (3, 4) of the press housing (1 '). Baler according to claim 4, characterized in that a lower end of the power drive (15) on the bottom (11) of the press housing (1 ') is fixed and that an upper, adjustable in its height end of the power drive (15) with the traction means (15). 22, 23) is coupled. Baling press according to Claim 5, characterized in that, in the course of the traction means (22, 23), this has a traction means section extending in or adjacent to the pressing chamber (2) in which the pressing plate (12) is connected to the traction means (22, 23). is connected, and that the pressing plate (12) by means of a vertical guide (37, 39) is guided tilt-safe. Baler according to claim 6, characterized in that the vertical guide (37, 39) one or more pairs of rollers (37) on the press plate (12) and one or more roller tracks (39) on the two side walls (3, 4) of the press housing ( 1 '). Baling press according to claim 7, characterized in that two pairs of rollers (37) are provided at a vertical distance one above the other in a common vertical plane. Baler according to claim 8, characterized in that in each side wall (3, 4) a vertically extending slot (38) is provided, that the rollers (37) carrying axes (36) from the pressure plate (12) through the slot ( 38) extend outwardly and that on the outside of each side wall (3, 4) each one of the roller conveyors (39) is arranged. Baling press according to claim 9, characterized in that from the pressing plate (12) towards one or both sides (each) a coupling arm (24 ', 25') through the slot (38) in a / each side wall (3, 4) in the roller track (s) (39) protrudes and that in the vertical direction of the pressing chamber (2) extending traction means section (22, 23) is guided by at least one of the roller conveyors (39). Baling press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both ends of the traction means (22; 23) are connected directly to an adjustable end of the power drive (15). Baling press according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a pair of deflection rollers (20, 21) is connected to an adjustable end of the power drive (15) in that a respective section of the traction means (22, 23) passes over one of the deflection rollers (15). 20, 21) and is deflected by 180 ° and that the two ends of the traction means (22, 23) in opposite directions at fixed points (31, 32) of the press housing (1 ') are fixed. Baling press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the course of the traction means (22, 23) or between at least one end of the traction means (22, 23) and the press housing (1 ') a Zugmittelspanneinrichtung (40) is arranged. Baling press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear wall (5), the front wall (7) and the bottom (11) on its inner side and the press plate (12) on its underside parallel to each other and with spaced apart slots (6 ) exhibit. Baler according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the press housing (1 ') widens conically in the direction of its rear wall (5) to its front wall (7) with the removal opening, that seen in the same direction in each case a rear, behind the side wall part lying in the slot (38) covers in a scale-like manner a front side wall part located in front of the slot (38) and that the axles (36) carrying the rollers (37) and the coupling arms (24 ', 25') in the region of the slot (38) following the course of the slot (38) following cranked are executed. Baler (1), in particular for pressing residues, such as waste paper, old cardboard or empty plastic bottles, into pressed bales, with one by two side walls (3, 4), a rear wall (5), a front wall (7), a ceiling (16) and a bottom (11) formed, a compression chamber (2) delimiting the press housing (1 '), with a in the press room (2) by a power drive (15) vertically movable press plate (12), with a through an upper door ( 9) closable Reststoffeinwurföffnung and with a in operation by a lower door (10) closed, releasable Preßballenentnahmeöffnung, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the press plate (12) on its underside parallel to each other and at a distance from each other and perpendicular to the Preßplattenebene extending spines (41). A baler according to claim 16, characterized in that the pressing plate (12) carries on its underside a perforated plate (42) running parallel to the pressing plate plane and penetrated by the mandrels (12) relative to the pressing plate (12). Baler according to claim 17, characterized in that the perforated plate (42) is biased by spring force in the downward direction.

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